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HTML

The document is an introduction to HTML, covering essential definitions, tags, and the use of HTML editors for creating web pages. It explains how to set document properties, including background and text colors, and provides guidance on creating headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules. Additionally, it discusses character formatting options such as bold, italics, and color adjustments.

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sidework1070
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© © All Rights Reserved
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15 views172 pages

HTML

The document is an introduction to HTML, covering essential definitions, tags, and the use of HTML editors for creating web pages. It explains how to set document properties, including background and text colors, and provides guidance on creating headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules. Additionally, it discusses character formatting options such as bold, italics, and color adjustments.

Uploaded by

sidework1070
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 172

Introduction to

HTML

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 1


Definitions
▪ W W W – World Wide Web.
▪ HTML – HyperText Markup Language – The Language of
Web Pages on the World Wide Web.
HTML is a text formatting language.
▪ URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
▪ Browser – A software program which is used to show web
pages.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 2


▪“Normal text” surrounded by
bracketed tags that tell browsers how
to display web pages
▪Pages end with “.htm” or “.html”
▪HTML Editor – A word processor that
has been specialized to make the
writing of HTML documents more
effortless.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 3


MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 4
Tags

▪Codes enclosed in brackets


▪Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
▪Not case sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>
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Choosing Text Editor

▪ There are many different programs that you can use to create
web documents.
▪ HTML Editors enable users to create documents quickly and
easily by pushing a few buttons. Instead of entering all of the
HTML codes by hand.
▪ These programs will generate the HTML Source Code for you.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 6


Choosing Text Editor

▪ HTML Editors are excellent tools for experienced web


developers; however; it is important that you learn and
understand the HTML language so that you can edit code
and fix “bugs” in your pages.
▪ For this Course, we will focus on using the standard Microsoft
Windows text editors, NotePad. We may use also textpad.

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Starting NotePad

NotePad is the standard text editor that comes with the


microsoft windows operating system. To start NotePad in
windows 9x or XP follow the steps bellow:
▪ Click on the “Start” button located on your Windows task
bar.
▪ Click on “Programs” and then click on the directory menu
labeled “Accessories”.
▪ Locate the shortcut “NotePad” and click the shortcut once.

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HTML Page Creation & Editing

In this chapter you will learn to create HTML


pages with a standard text editor.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Choose a Text Editor.
2. Create a Basic Starting Document.
3. Understand and set Document Properties.
4. View Your Results in a Browser.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 9
Creating a Basic Starting Document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Al al-Bayt University</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 10
Creating a Basic Starting Document
▪ The HEAD of your document point to above
window part. The TITLE of your document
appears in the very top line of the user’s browser.
If the user chooses to “Bookmark” your page or
save as a “Favorite”; it is the TITLE that is added
to the list.
▪ The text in your TITLE should be as descriptive as
possible because this is what many search
engines, on the internet, use for indexing your
site.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 11
Setting Document Properties
▪Document properties are controlled by
attributes of the BODY element. For
example, there are color settings for the
background color of the page, the
document’s text and different states of
links.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 12


Color Codes

• Colors are set using “RGB” color codes, which are,


represented as hexadecimal values. Each 2-digit section of
the code represents the amount, in sequence, of red, green or
blue that forms the color. For example, a RGB value with 00
as the first two digits has no red in the color.

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Main Colours

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RGB Colour Model

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16 Basic Colors

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1. WHITE
2. BLACK Color Codes
3. RED 1. #FFFFFF
4. GREEN 2. #000000
5. BLUE 3. #FF0000
6. MAGENTA 4. #00FF00
7. CYAN 5. #0000FF
8. YELLOW 6. #FF00FF
9. AQUAMARINE 7. #00FFFF
10. BAKER’S CHOCOLATE 8. #FFFF00
11. VIOLET 9. #70DB93
12. BRASS 10. #5C3317
13. COPPER 11. #9F5F9F
14. PINK 12. #B5A642
15. ORANGE 13. #B87333
14. #FF6EC7
15. #FF7F00
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 17
Color Codes

▪ If you require more information about color values, there is an


excellent site entitled “VGDesign’s Interactive Color Cube”
that displays the background color code when you put your
cursor over a small color sample. The Web address is :
http://www.vgdesign.com/color.html

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 18


The Body Element
• The BODY element of a web page is an important
element in regards to the page’s appearance. Here
are the attributes of the BODY tag to control all the
levels:
TEXT="#RRGGBB" to change the color of all the
text on the page (full page text color.)
▪ This element contains information about the page’s
background color, the background image, as well as
the text and link colors.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 19
Background Color

▪ It is very common to see web pages with their background


color set to white or some other colors.
▪ To set your document’s background color, you need to edit the
<BODY> element by adding the BGCOLOR attribute. The
following example will display a document with a white
background color:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 20


TEXT Color

▪ The TEXT attribute is used to control the color of all the


normal text in the document. The default color for text is
black. The TEXT attribute would be added as follows:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000”></BODY>
In this example the document’s page
color is white and the text would be red.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 21


LINK,
These attributes controlVLINK,
the colors and
of theALINK
different link
states:
1. LINK – initial appearance – default = Blue.
2. VLINK – visited link – default = Purple.
3. ALINK –active link being clicked–default= Yellow.
The Format for setting these attributes is:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF” TEXT=“#FF0000”
LINK=“#0000FF”
VLINK=“#FF00FF”
ALINK=“FFFF00”> </BODY>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 22
Using Image Background

▪ The BODY element also gives you ability of setting an image


as the document’s background.
▪ An example of a background image’s HTML code is as follows:

<BODY BACKGROUND=“hi.gif”
BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 23


Previewing Your Work
▪ Once you have created your basic starting
document and set your document properties it is a
good idea to save your file.
▪ To save a file, in NotePad, follow these steps:
1. Locate and click on the menu called “File”.
2. Select the option under File Menu labeled “Save
As”.
3. In the “File Name” text box, type in the entire
name of your file (including the extension name
.html).

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 24


Edit, Save and View Cycle

▪ To preview Your Work, open a web browser and do the


following:
1. Click on the menu labeled “File”.
2. Locate the menu option, “Open”.

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Edit, Save and View Cycle
3. In the “Open” dialog box, click on the “Browse”
button and locate your web document.
4. Click “OK” once you have selected your file.

▪ The web browser will load the same document


but with the new revisions. This process is the
Edit, Save and View Cycle.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 26


Headings, Paragraphs, Breaks & Horizontal Rules

In this chapter you will add headings to your page, insert


paragraphs, add some breaks, and add horizontal rules.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. List and describe the different Heading elements.
2. Use Paragraphs to add text to a document.
3. Insert breaks where necessary.
4. Add a Horizontal Rule.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 27
Headings, <Hx> </Hx>

▪ Inside the BODY element, heading elements H1


through H6 are generally used for major divisions
of the document. Headings are permitted to
appear in any order, but you will obtain the best
results when your documents are displayed in a
browser if you follow these guidelines:
1. H1: should be used as the highest level of heading, H2 as
the next highest, and so forth.
2. You should not skip heading levels: e.g., an H3 should not
appear after an H1, unless there is an H2 between them.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 28


Headings, <Hx> </Hx>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Heading 1
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> Heading 2 </H2> Heading 2
<H3> Heading 3 </H3>
Heading 3
<H4> Heading 4 </H4>
Heading 4
<H5> Heading 5 </H5>
Heading 5
<H6> Heading 6 </H6>
Heading 6
</BODY>
</HTML>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 29


Paragraphs, <P> </P>

▪ Paragraphs allow you to add text to a document in such a


way that it will automatically adjust the end of line to
suite the window size of the browser in which it is being
displayed. Each line of text will stretch the entire length
of the window.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 30


<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD> Paragraphs, <P>
Heading 1 </P>
<BODY></H1> Heading 1 </H1> Paragraph 1,….
<P> Paragraph 1, ….</P>
<H2> Heading 2 </H2> Heading 2
<P> Paragraph 2, ….</P> Paragraph 2,….
<H3> Heading 3 </H3>
<P> Paragraph 3, ….</P>
Heading 3
<H4> Heading 4 </H4> Paragraph 3,….

<P> Paragraph 4, ….</P> Heading 4


<H5> Heading 5 </H5> Paragraph 4,….
<P> Paragraph 5, ….</P>
Heading 5
<H6> Heading 6</H6>
Paragraph 5,….
<P> Paragraph 6, ….</P>
</BODY></HTML> Heading 6
Paragraph 6,….

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 31


Break, <BR>

▪ Line breaks allow you to decide where the text


will break on a line or continue to the end of the
window.
▪ A <BR> is an empty Element, meaning that it
may contain attributes but it does not contain
content.
▪ The <BR> element does not have a closing tag.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 32
<HTML>
<HEAD> Break, <BR>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
Heading 1
<BODY> Paragraph 1,….
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Line 2
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 3
Line 2 <BR> Line 3 <BR>….
</P> ….
</BODY>
</HTML>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 33


Horizontal Rule, <HR>

▪The <HR> element causes the


browser to display a horizontal
line (rule) in your document.
▪<HR> does not use a closing tag,
</HR>.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 34
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
Attribute Description Default Value
Height of the rule in
SIZE 2 pixels
pixels
Width of the rule in
WIDTH pixels or percentage 100%
of screen width
Draw the rule with a Not set
NOSHADE flat look instead of a
3D look (3D look)

Aligns the line (Left,


ALIGN Center
Center, Right)
Sets a color for the
COLOR Not set
rule (IE 3.0 or later)

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 35


<HTML> Horizontal Rule, <HR>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
Heading 1
</HEAD> Paragraph 1,….
<BODY>
Line 2
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
___________________________
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR> Line 3
<HR>Line 3 <BR>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 36


Character Formatting
In this chapter you will learn how to enhance your page with
Bold, Italics, and other character formatting options.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Change the color and size of your text.
2. Use Common Character Formatting Elements.
3. Align your text.
4. Add special characters.
5. Use other character formatting elements.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 37


Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
▪ <FONT SIZE=“+2”> Two sizes bigger</FONT>
▪ The size attribute can be set as an absolute value from 1 to 7 or as a
relative value using the “+” or “-” sign. Normal text size is 3 (from -2
to +4).
▪ <B> Bold </B>
▪ <I> Italic </I>
▪ <U> Underline </U>
▪ Color = “#RRGGBB” The COLOR attribute of the FONT element.
E.g., <FONT COLOR=“#RRGGBB”>this text has color</FONT>
▪ <PRE> Preformatted </PRE> Text enclosed by PRE tags is
displayed inMADE
a mono-spaced
BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI font. Spaces and line breaks are 38

supported without additional elements or special characters.


Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
▪ <EM> Emphasis </EM> Browsers usually display this
as italics.
▪ <STRONG> STRONG </STRONG> Browsers display
this as bold.
▪ <TT> TELETYPE </TT> Text is displayed in a mono-
spaced font. A typewriter text, e.g. fixed-width font.
▪ <CITE> Citation </CITE> represents a document
citation (italics). For titles of books, films, etc.
Typically displayed in italics. (A Beginner's Guide to
HTML)

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 39


Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
<P> <FONT SIZE=“+1”> One Size
Larger </FONT> - Normal –
<FONT SIZE=“-1”> One Size Smaller
</FONT> <BR>
One Size Larger - Normal – One Size
<B> Bold</B> - <I> italics</I> - <U> Smaller
Underlined </U> - Bold - italics - Underlined -
<FONT COLOR=“#FF0000”> Colored
Colored </FONT> <BR> Emphasized - Strong - Tele Type
<EM> Emphasized</EM> -
<STRONG> Strong </STRONG> -
<TT> Tele Type </TT> <BR>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 40


Alignment

▪ Some elements have attributes for alignment (ALIGN)


e.g. Headings, Paragraphs and Horizontal Rules.
▪ The Three alignment values are : LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER.
▪ <CENTER></CENTER> Will center elements.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 41


Alignment

▪ <DIV ALIGN=“value”></DIV> Represents a division in the


document and can contain most other element type. The
alignment attribute of the DIV element is well supported.
▪ <TABLE></TABLE> Inside a TABLE, alignment can be set for
each individual cell.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 42


Special Characters & Symbols
▪ These Characters are recognized in HTML as they
begin with an ampersand and end with with a semi-
colon e.g. &value; The value will either be an entity
name or a standard ASCII character number. They
are called escape sequences.
▪ The next table represents some of the more
commonly used special characters. For a
comprehensive listing, visit the W3C’s section on
special characters at:
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/HTMLPlus/htmlplus_13.html
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 43
Special Characters & Symbols
Special Entity Special Entity
Character Name Character Name
Ampersand &amp; & Greater-than &gt; >
sign
Asterisk &lowast; Less-than sign &lt; <
∗∗
Cent sign &cent; ¢ Non-breaking &nbsp;
space
Copyright &copy; © Quotation mark &quot; "
Fraction one &frac14; Registration &reg; ®
qtr ¼ mark
Fraction one &frac12; Trademark sign &trade;
44
™
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI
half ½
Special Characters & Symbols
• Additional escape sequences support accented
characters, such as:
• &ouml;
• a lowercase o with an umlaut: ö
• &ntilde;
• a lowercase n with a tilde: ñ
• &Egrave;
• an uppercase E with a grave accent: È
NOTE: Unlike the rest of HTML, the escape sequences
are case sensitive. You cannot, for instance, use &LT;
instead of &lt;.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 45
Additional Character Formatting Elements

▪ <STRIKE> strike-through text</STRIKE>


DEL is used for STRIKE at the latest browsers
▪ <BIG> places text in a big font</BIG>
▪ <SMALL> places text in a small font</SMALL>
▪ <SUB> places text in subscript position </SUB>
▪ <SUP> places text in superscript style position </SUP>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 46
Example
<P><STRIKE> strike-through text </STRIKE></BR>

<BIG>places text in a big font </BIG><BR>

<SMALL> places text in a small font</SMALL><BR>

<SUB> places text in subscript position </SUB>


Normal
<SUP> places text in superscript style position </SUP><BR> </P>

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 47


Lists

In this chapter you will learn how to create a variety of lists.


Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create an unordered list.
2. Create an ordered list.
3. Create a defined list.
4. Nest Lists.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 48


List Elements
▪ HTML supplies several list elements. Most list elements are
composed of one or more <LI> (List Item) elements.
▪ UL : Unordered List. Items in this list start with a list mark
such as a bullet. Browsers will usually change the list mark in
nested lists.
<UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
• List item …MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 49

• List item …
List Elements

▪ You have the choice of three bullet types: disc(default), circle,


square.
▪ These are controlled in Netscape Navigator by the “TYPE” attribute
for the <UL> element.
<UL TYPE=“square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
▪ List item …
▪ List item …
▪ List item …MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 50
List Elements
▪ OL: Ordered List. Items in this list are numbered automatically
by the browser.
<OL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item
▪ You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute to one of five
numbering styles.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 51
List Elements

TYPE Numbering Styles


1 Arabic numbers 1,2,3, ……
a Lower alpha a, b, c, ……
A Upper alpha A, B, C, ……
i Lower roman i, ii, iii, ……
I Upper roman I, II, III, ……

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 52


List Elements

▪ You can specify a starting number for an ordered list.


<OL TYPE =“i”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL> MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 53
List Elements

i. List item …
ii. List item …

Text ….

iii. List item …

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 54


List Elements

▪ DL: Definition List. This kind of list is different from the


others. Each item in a DL consists of one or more Definition
Terms (DT elements), followed by one or more Definition
Description (DD elements).
<DL>
<DT> HTML </DT>
<DD> Hyper Text Markup Language </DD>
<DT> DOG </DT>
<DD> A human’s best friend!</DD>
</DL>

HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
DOG MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 55

A human’s best friend!


Nesting Lists
▪ You can nest lists by inserting a UL, OL, etc., inside a list item (LI).
EXample
<UL TYPE = “square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 56

</UL>
What will be the output?

<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR CANOEISTS</H1>


<OL TYPE=“a” START=“2”>
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support and </LI>
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 57
The output….

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 58


<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR
CANOEISTS</H1>
<OL TYPE="a" START="2">
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support What
<OL type="I" start="4">
<LI> Be careful </LI>
will
<LI> Do not look around</LI> be the
</LI> </OL> output?
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bowMADE
light at night </LI>
BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 59
</OL>
The output….

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 60


Images

In this chapter you will learn about images and how to place
images in your pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Add images to your pages.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 61


Images

▪ <IMG>This
page.
element defines a graphic image on the
▪ Image File (SRC:source): This value will be a URL
(location of the image) E.g.
http://www.domain.com/dir/file.ext or /dir/file.txt.
▪ Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field that
describes an image or acts as a label. It is displayed
when they position the cursor over a graphic image.
▪ Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to align the
image on your page.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 62
Images

▪ Width (WIDTH): is the width of the image in pixels.


▪ Height (HEIGHT): is the height of the image in pixels.
▪ Border (BORDER): is for a border around the image,
specified in pixels.
▪ HSPACE: is for Horizontal Space on both sides of the
image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put 5 pixels of
invisible space on both sides of the image.
▪ VSPACE: is for Vertical Space on top and bottom of the
image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put 5 pixels of
invisible space above and bellow the image.
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 63
Some Examples on images
1) <IMG SRC=“jordan.gif“ border=4>
2) <IMG SRC=" jordan.gif" width="60" height="60">
3) <IMG SRC=“jordan.gif" ALT="This is a text that goes with
the image">
4) <IMG SRC=" jordan.gif “ Hspace="30" Vspace="10"
border=20>
5) < IMG SRC =" jordan.gif“ align="left">
blast blast blast blast blast

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 64


Anchors, URLs and Image Maps

In this chapter you will learn about Uniform Resource Locator, and how
to add them as Anchor or Links inside your web pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Insert links into documents.
2. Define Link Types.
3. Define URL.
4. List some commonly used URLs.
5. Plan an Image Map.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 65


HOW TO MAKE A LINK
1) The tags used to produce links are the <A>
and </A>. The <A> tells where the link should start and
the </A> indicates where the link ends. Everything between
these two will work as a link.

2) The example below shows how to make the word


Here work as a link to yahoo.

Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">here</A> to


go to yahoo.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 66


More on LINKs
<body LINK="#C0C0C0" VLINK="#808080"
ALINK="#FF0000">
• LINK - standard link - to a page the visitor hasn't been to
yet. (standard color is blue - #0000FF).
VLINK - visited link - to a page the visitor has been to
before. (standard color is purple - #800080).
ALINK - active link - the color of the link when the mouse is
on it. (standard color is red - #FF0000).
If the programmer what to change the color
• Click <a href="http://www.yahoo.com"><font
color="FF00CC">here</font></a>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI
to go to yahoo. 67
Internal Links

▪ Internal Links : Links can also be created inside large documents to


simplify navigation. Today’s world wants to be able to get the
information quickly. Internal links can help you meet these goals.
1. Select some text at a place in the document that you would like to
create a link to, then add an anchor to link to like this:
<A NAME=“bookmark_name”></A>
The Name attribute of an anchor element specifies a location in
the document that we link to shortly. All NAME attributes in a
document must be unique.
2. Next select the text that you would like to create as a link to the
location created above.
<A HREF=“#bookmark_name”>Go To Book Mark</A>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 68
E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
E.g. mailto:kmf@yahoo.com
▪ The type of service is identified as the mail client
program. This type of link will launch the users mail
client.
▪ The recipient of the message is kmf@yahoo.com
<A HREF=“mailto:kmf@yahoo.com”>Send me
More Information </A>
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Image Maps

▪ Image maps are images, usually in gif format that have


been divided into regions; clicking in a region of the image
cause the web surfer to be connected to a new URL. Image
maps are graphical form of creating links between pages.
▪ There are two type of image maps:
Client side and server side
Both types of image maps involve a listing of co-ordinates
that define the mapping regions and which URLs those
coordinates are associated with. This is known as the map
file. MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 70
Area Shapes Used

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Client-Side Image Maps
▪ Client-side image maps (USEMAP) use a map file that is part of the
HTML document (in an element called MAP), and is linked to the
image by the Web browser.

<IMG SRC="note.GIF" Width=200 Height=200


border="5" USEMAP="#map1">
<MAP NAME="map1">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0,0,90,90"
HREF="hi.html" ALT="see me…">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="100,100,160,160"
HREF="divPara.html" ALT="see him…" >
<AREA SHAPE="CIRCLE" COORDS="150,50,20"
HREF="house.html" ALT="see it…" >
</MAP>
72
We can use Poly as well as Rect……
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Shapes, Coords
• Types of Shapes
• Rect → used for squares and ordered shapes.
• Circle → used for circles.
• Poly → used for unordered shapes.
• Number of coordenations for each shape:
• Rect →4 numbers for two corners
• Circle →3 numbers for the center & R
• Poly → depends on the number of corners of the shape( 2 numbers for
each corner)

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Tables

In this chapter you will learn that tables have many uses in
HTML.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
1. Insert a table.
2. Explain a table’s attributes.
3. Edit a table.
4. Add a table header.
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Tables

▪ The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four sub-


elements:
1. Table Row<TR></TR>.
2. Table Header <TH></TH>.
3. Table Data <TD></TD>.
4. Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>.
▪ The table row elements usually contain table
header elements or table data elements.
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Tables
<table border=“1”>
<tr>
<th> Column 1 header </th>
<th> Column 2 header </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row1, Col1 </td>
<td> Row1, Col2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row2, Col1 </td>
<td> Row2, Col2 </td>
</tr>
</table>
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Tables

Column 1 Header Column 2 Header

Row1, Col1 Row1, Col2

Row2, Col1 Row2, Col2

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Tables Attributes

▪ BGColor: Some browsers support background colors


in a table.
▪ Width: you can specify the table width as an
absolute number of pixels or a percentage of the
document width. You can set the width for the table
cells as well.
▪ Border: You can choose a numerical value for the
border width, which specifies the border in pixels.
▪ CellSpacing: Cell Spacing represents the space
between cells and is specified in pixels.
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Table Attributes

▪ CellPadding: Cell Padding is the space between the cell


border and the cell contents and is specified in pixels.
▪ Align: tables can have left, right, or center alignment.
▪ Background: Background Image, will be titled in IE3.0 and
above.
▪ BorderColor, BorderColorDark.

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Table Caption
▪ A table caption allows you to specify a line of text
that will appear centered above or bellow the table.
<TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2>
<CAPTION ALIGN=“BOTTOM”> Label For My Table
</CAPTION>

▪ The Caption element has one attribute ALIGN that


can be either TOP (Above the table) or BOTTOM
(below the table).
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Table Header

▪ Table Data cells are represented by the TD element. Cells can


also be TH (Table Header) elements which results in the
contents of the table header cells appearing centered and in
bold text.

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Table Data and Table Header Attributes

▪ Colspan: Specifies how many cell columns of the table this cell
should span.
▪ Rowspan: Specifies how many cell rows of the table this cell
should span.
▪ Align: cell data can have left, right, or center alignment.
▪ Valign: cell data can have top, middle, or bottom alignment.
▪ Width: you can specify the width as an absolute number of
pixels or a percentage of the document width.
▪ Height:You can specify the height as an absolute number of
pixels or a percentage of the document height.
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Basic Table Code
<TABLE BORDER=1 width=50%>
<CAPTION> <h1>Spare Parts <h1> </Caption>
<TR><TH>Stock Number</TH><TH>Description</TH><TH>List Price</TH></TR>
<TR><TD bgcolor=red>3476-AB</TD><TD>76mm
Socket</TD><TD>45.00</TD></TR>
<TR><TD >3478-AB</TD><TD><font color=blue>78mm Socket</font>
</TD><TD>47.50</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>3480-AB</TD><TD>80mm Socket</TD><TD>50.00</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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Table Data and Table Header Attributes

<Table border=1 cellpadding =2>


<tr> <th> Column 1 Header</th> <th> Column 2 Header</th> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan=2> Row 1 Col 1</td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan=2>Row 2 Col 1</td>
<td> Row 2 Col2</td> </tr>
<tr> <td> Row 3 Col2</td> </tr>
</table>

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Table Data and Table Header Attributes

Column 1 Header Column 2 Header

Row 1 Col 1

Row 2 Col 2
Row 2 Col 1
Row 3 Col 2

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Special Things to Note

• TH, TD and TR should always have end tags.


Although the end tags are formally optional, many browsers will mess
up the formatting of the table if you omit the end tags. In particular,
you should always use end tags if you have a TABLE within a TABLE --
in this situation, the table parser gets hopelessly confused if you don't
close your TH, TD and TR elements.
• A default TABLE has no borders
By default, tables are drawn without border lines. You need the
BORDER attribute to draw the lines.
• By default, a table is flush with the left margin
TABLEs are plopped over on the left margin. If you want centered
tables, You can either: place the table inside a DIV element with
attribute ALIGN="center".
Most current browsers also supports table alignment, using the ALIGN
attribute. Allowed values are "left", "right", or "center", for example:
<TABLE ALIGN="left">. The values "left" and "right" float the table to
the left or right of the page, with text flow allowed around the table.
86
This is entirely equivalent to IMG alignment
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI
What will be the output?

<TABLE BORDER width=“750”>


<TR> <TD colspan=“4” align=“center”>Page Banner</TD></TR>

<TR> <TD rowspan=“2” width=“25%”>Nav Links</TD><TD


colspan=“2”>Feature Article</TD> <TD rowspan=“2”
width=“25%”>Linked Ads</TD></TR>

<TR><TD width=“25%”>News Column 1 </TD> <TD


width=“25%”><News Column 2 </TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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The Output

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Frames
▪ Frames are a relatively new addition to the HTML
standard. First introduced in Netscape Navigator 2.0.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
▪ Create a Frame based page.
▪ Work with the Frameset, Frame, and Noframes
elements.
▪ Use the attributes of the Frames elements to control
the display.
▪ Set Targets appropriately.
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Frames
▪ A framed page is actually made up of multiple
HTML pages. There is one HTML document that
describes how to break up the single browser
window into multiple windowpanes. Each
windowpane is filled with an HTML document.

▪ For Example to make a framed page with a


windowpane on the left and one on the right
requires three HTML pages. Doc1.html and
Doc2.html are the pages that contain content.
Frames.html is the page that describes the
division of the single browser window into two
windowpanes.
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Frames

Doc1.html Doc2.html

Doc1.html Doc2.html

Frames.html
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Frame Page Architecture
▪ A <FRAMESET> element is placed in the html
document before the <BODY> element. The
<FRAMESET> describes the amount of screen real
estate given to each windowpane by dividing the screen
into ROWS or COLS.
▪ The <FRAMESET> will then contain <FRAME>
elements, one per division of the browser window.
▪ Note: Because there is no BODY container, FRAMESET
pages can't have background images and background
colors associated with them.
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Frame Page Architecture
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Framed Page </TITLE>
<FRAMeSET COLS=“23%,77%”>
<FRAME SRC=“Doc1.html”>
<FRAME SRC=“Doc2.html”>
</FRAMeSET >
</HEAD>

</HTML>
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The Diagram below is a graphical view of the
document described above

FRAMESET COLS=”23%, 77%”


FRAME FRAME

NAME= NAME=right_pane
left_pane SRC= Doc2.html
SRC=Doc1.h
tml

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<FRAMESET> Container
<FRAMESET> : The FRAMESET element creates divisions in
the browser window in a single direction. This allows you
to define divisions as either rows or columns.
▪ ROWS : Determines the size and number of rectangular
rows within a <FRAMESET>. They are set from top of the
display area to the bottom.
Possible values are:
▪ Absolute pixel units, I.e. “360,120”.
▪ A percentage of screen height, e.g. “75%,25%”.
▪ Proportional values using the asterisk (*). This is often
combined with a value in pixels , e.g. “360,*”.
▪ <Frameset cols=“200,20%,*,2*”>
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Creating a Frames Page
▪ COLS: Determines the size and number of
rectangular columns within a <FRAMESET>. They
are set from left to right of the display area.

Possible values are:


▪ Absolute pixel units, I.e. “480,160”.
▪ A percentage of screen width, e.g. “75%,25%”.
▪ Proportional values using the asterisk (*). This is
often combined with a value in pixels , e.g. “480,*”.

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Creating a Frames Page

▪ FRAMEBORDER : Possible values 0, 1, YES, NO. A


setting of zero will create a borderless frame.
▪ FRAMESPACING: This attribute is specified in pixels. If
you go to borderless frames you will need to set this value
to zero as well, or you will have a gap between your
frames where the border used to be.
▪ BORDER(thickness of the Frame): This attribute
specified in pixels. A setting of zero will create a
borderless frame. Default value is 5.
▪ BORDERCOLOR: This attribute is allows you choose a
color for your border. This attribute is rarely used.
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<FRAME>

<FRAME>: This element defines a single frame within a


frameset. There will be a FRAME element for each division
created by the FRAMESET element. This tag has the
following attributes:
▪ SRC: Required, as it provides the URL for the page that will be
displayed in the frame.
▪ NAME: Required for frames that will allow targeting by other
HTML documents. Works in conjunction with the target
attribute of the <A>, <AREA>, <BASE>, and <FORM> tags.

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<FRAME>
▪ MARGINWIDTH: Optional attribute stated in pixels.
Determines horizontal space between the <FRAME>
contents and the frame’s borders.
▪ MARGINHEIGHT: Optional attribute stated in pixels.
Determines vertical space between the <FRAME>
contents and the frame’s borders.
▪ SCROLLING: Displays a scroll bar(s) in the frame.
Possible values are:
1. Yes – always display scroll bar(s).
2. No – never display scroll bar(s).
3. Auto – browser will decide based on frame contents.
By default:MADE
scrolling is auto.
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<FRAME>

▪ NORESIZE: Optional – prevents viewers from resizing the


frame. By default the user can stretch or shrink the frame’s
display by selecting the frame’s border and moving it up,
down, left, or right.

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<NOFRAMES>
▪ <NOFRAMES>: Frame – capable browsers ignore all HTML within
this tag including the contents of the BODY element. This element
does not have any attributes.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Framed Page </TITLE>
</HEAD>

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<NOFRAMES>

<FRAMESET COLS="23%,77%">
<FRAME SRC="" NAME="left_pane“>
<FRAME SRC="" NAME="right_pane">
<NOFRAMES>
<P> This is a Framed Page. Upgrade your browser to support
frames.</P>
</NOFRAMES></FRAMESET>

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Compound FRAMESET Divisions

▪ In this case a second FRAMESET element will be


inserted in the place of the FRAME element that
would describe the second row.
▪ The second FRAMESET element will divide the
remaining screen real estate into 2 columns.
▪ This nested FRAMESET will then be followed by 2
FRAME elements to describe each of the subsequent
frame divisions created.
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Compound FRAMESET Divisions
<noframes>
<html>
<p>
<head>
<title> Compound Frames Page</title> Default
</head>
message
<frameset rows=“120,*”> </p>
<frame src=“banner_file.html” </noframes>
name”banner”>
<frameset cols=“120,*”> </frameset>
<frame src=“links_file.html” </frameset>
name=“links”>
<frame src=“content_file.html” </head>
name=“content”>
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Compound FRAMESET Divisions
You may want to create a frames design with a
combination of rows and columns.

Banner File

Links
File Contents File

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Compound FRAMESET Divisions Example

<HEAD>
<FRAMESET ROWS="25%,50%,25%”
<FRAME SRC="">
<FRAMESET COLS="25%,*">
<FRAME SRC="">
<FRAME SRC="">
</FRAMESET>
<FRAME SRC="">
</FRAMESET>
</HEAD>MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 107
Output

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Frame Formatting
• Example:

<frameset rows=“20%, *, 20%”>


<frame src=“header.html” noresize
scrolling=no>
<frame src=“body.html”>
<frame src=“navigationbar.html” noresize
scrolling=no>
</frameset>

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What do the following mean?

1) <FRAMESET COLS="2*, 3*, 5*">


2) <FRAMESET COLS="150, 20%, *, 3*">
So what are the space-allocation priorities? Absolute pixel
values are always assigned space first, in order from
left to right. These are followed by percentage values
of the total space. Finally, proportional values are
divided based upon what space is left.

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 115


Generic Frame Formula

• The <FRAME> tag has six associated attributes: SRC, NAME,


MARGINWIDTH, MARGINHEIGHT, SCROLLING, and NORESIZE.
Here's a complete generic FRAME:
• <FRAME SRC="url" NAME="window_name"
SCROLLING=YES|NO|AUTO MARGINWIDTH="value"
MARGINHEIGHT="value"
NORESIZE>

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What will be the Output?

<FRAMESET ROWS="*, 2*, *" COLS="2*, *">


<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
</FRAMESET>
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Targets

▪ When you use links for use in a frames environment you will
need to specify an additional attribute called TARGET.
▪ The TARGET attribute uses the NAME attribute of the FRAME
element.
▪ If we were to place a link in doc1.html that linked to doc3.html
and we wanted doc3.html to be displayed in the right
windowpane; the HTML code would appear in doc1.html as
follows:

<A HREF=“doc3.html” TARGET=“right_pane”>Link to Document


3 </A>
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Special Targets
• There are 4 special target names that cannot be assigned by the
NAME attribute of the FRAME tag.
1. TARGET=“_top” : This loads the linked document into the full
browser window with the URL specified by the HREF attribute. All
frames disappear, leaving the new linked page to occupy the entire
window. The back is turned on.
2. TARGET=“_blank” : Opens an unnamed new browser window and
loads the document specified in the URL attribute into the new
window (and your old window stays open). The back is turned off.
Other windows remains on.

3. TARGET=“_self” : Loads the document in the same window where


the anchor was {Clicked}. This is the default setting for linking
elements.

4. TARGET=“_parent” : the _parent frame is a prior frameset that the


current frameset was “spawned” from. If there isn’t one it is the
browser window. The document is loaded into the area occupied by
the columns
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DR. NEHAL frameset containing the frame that contains 119
SABRI

the link. The back is turned on. All windows disappear.


If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link launches a
new, unnamed browser display window that contains the content
defined in stuff.HTM. This can be a simple HTML document, or an
entirely new FRAMESET definition.
1. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_blank">
If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link will simply
cause the frame which contains the link to clear, and its content will be
replaced with whatever is in stuff.htm.
2. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_self">
If a frame contains the following link, the frameset that contains the
frame that contains this link will be replaced by stuff.HTM.
3. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_parent">
Finally, if a frame contains the following link, clicking the link replaces
the entire browser window with the contents of stuff.HTM.
4. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_top">
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 120
Targeting links to frames
The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a page is to
be loaded into in a frames setting.

<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_self”> [Chapter 1]</A>


<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_parent”> [Chapter 2]</A>

Parent window chap1.html Learning HTML


[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]

chap2.html

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Targeting links to frames

The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a page is to
be loaded into in a frames setting.

<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 1]</A>


<A HREF=“chap2.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 2]</A>
<A HREF=“chap3.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 3]</A>

chap1.html Learning HTML


[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]

chap2.html

chap3.html

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Forms
▪ Forms add the ability to web pages to not only provide the person
viewing the document with dynamic information but also to obtain
information from the person viewing it, and process the
information.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create a FORM.
2. Add elements to a FORM.
3. Define CGI (Common Gateway Interface).
4. Describe the purpose of a CGI Application.
5. Specify an action for the FORM.
▪ Forms work in all browsers.
▪ Forms MADE
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Platform Independent. 123
Forms
▪ To insert a form we use the <FORM></FORM> tags. The rest of the form
elements must be inserted in between the form tags.
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> Sample Form</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“FFFFFF”>
<FORM ACTION = http://www.xnu.com/formtest.asp>
<P> First Name: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” NAME=“fname” MAXLENGTH=“50”>
</P>
<P> <INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT” NAME=“fsubmit1” VALUE=“Send Info”> </P>
</FORM>
</BODY> </HTML>
MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 124
<FORM> element attributes
▪ ACTION: is the URL of the CGI (Common
Gateway Interface) program that is going to
accept the data from the form, process it, and
send a response back to the browser.
▪ METHOD: GET (default) or POST specifies which
HTTP method will be used to send the form’s
contents to the web server. The CGI application
should be written to accept the data from either
method.
▪ NAME: is a form name used by VBScript or
JavaScripts.
▪ TARGET: is the target frame where the response
page will show up.
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Form Elements

▪ Form elements have properties: Text boxes, Password


boxes, Checkboxes, Option(Radio) buttons, Submit, Reset,
File, Hidden and Image.
▪ The properties are specified in the TYPE Attribute of the
HTML element <INPUT></INPUT>.

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Sami Ali

Al al-Bayt University

MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI 127


Form Elements
<INPUT> Element’s Properties
TYPE= Type of INPUT entry field.
NAME = Variable name passed to CGI application
VALUE= The data associated with the variable
name to be passed to the CGI application
CHECKED= Button/box checked
SIZE= Number of visible characters in text field
MAXLENGHT= Maximum number of characters
accepted.

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Text Box
▪ Text boxes: Used to provide input fields for text, phone
numbers, dates, etc.
<INPUT TYPE= " TEXT " >
Browser will display
Textboxes use the following attributes:
▪ TYPE: text.
▪ SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in characters.
Default=20 characters.
▪ MAXLENGHT : determines the maximum number of
characters that the field will accept.
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the CGI
application.
129

▪ VALUE: will display its contents as the default value.


MADE BY- DR. NEHAL SABRI
Example on Text Box
<TITLE>Form_Text_Type</TITLE>
</HEAD> <BODY>
<h1> <font color=blue>Please enter the following bioData</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome1" Method= " get " Action= " URL " >
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="FName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="LName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Nationality: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Country"
SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
The Phone Number: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Phone"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="12"><BR>
</FORM> </BODY> </HTML>
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Output

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Password
▪ Password: Used to allow entry of passwords.
<INPUT TYPE= " PASSWORD " >
Browser will display
Text typed in a password box is starred out in the browser
display.
Password boxes use the following attributes:
▪ TYPE: password.
▪ SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in characters.
▪ MAXLENGHT: determines the maximum size of the password in
characters.
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the CGI application.
▪ VALUE: is usually blank.
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Example on Password Box
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>Form_Password_Type</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=red>To Access, Please
enter:</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome2" Action="url" method="get">
User Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Name="FName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Password: <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD"
NAME="PWord" value="" SIZE="15”
MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
</FORM></BODY> </HTML>
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Output

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Hidden
▪ Hidden: Used to send data to the CGI application that
you don’t want the web surfer to see, change or have
to enter but is necessary for the application to process
the form correctly.
<INPUT TYPE=“HIDDEN”>
Nothing is displayed in the browser.
Hidden inputs have the following attributes:
▪ TYPE: hidden.
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
▪ VALUE: is usually set a value expected by the CGI
application.
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Check Box
▪ Check Box: Check boxes allow the users to select more than one
option.
<INPUT TYPE=“CHECKBOX”>
Browser will display

Checkboxes have the following attributes:


▪ TYPE: checkbox.
▪ CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status.
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
▪ VALUE: is usually set to a value.
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<HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>CheckBoxType</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=green>Please check one of the
following</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome3" Action="url" method="get">
<font color=red> Select Country: </font><BR>
jordan:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"
CHECKED><BR>
Yemen<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"><BR>
Qatar:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="country"><BR> <BR>
<font color=blue>Select Language:</font><BR>
Arabic:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="language"
CHECKED><BR> English:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox"
Name="language"><BR>
French:<INPUT TYPE="CheckBox" Name="language">
<BR></FORM> </BODY></HTML>
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Output

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Radio Button
▪ Radio Button: Radio buttons allow the users to select
only one option.
<INPUT TYPE=“RADIO”>
Browser will display

Radio buttons have the following attributes:


▪ TYPE: radio.
▪ CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status. Only one radio button can be
checked
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
▪ VALUE: usually has a set value.
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<HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>CheckBoxType</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> <font color=green>Please check one of the
following</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome3" Action="url" method="get">
<font color=red> Select Country: </font><BR>
jordan:<INPUT TYPE= "RADIO" Name="country"
CHECKED><BR>
Yemen<INPUT TYPE="RADIO " Name="country"><BR>
Qatar:<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" Name="country"><BR> <BR>
<font color=blue>Select Language:</font><BR>
Arabic:<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" Name="language"
CHECKED><BR> English:<INPUT TYPE=" RADIO "
Name="language"><BR>
French:<INPUT TYPE=" RADIO " Name="language">
<BR></FORM> </BODY></HTML>
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<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>RADIOBox</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
Form #1:
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="one"> Yes.
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="two"> No.
</FORM>
<HR color=red size="10" >
Form #2:
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="three"
CHECKED> Yes.
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="choice" VALUE="four"> No.
</FORM>
</BODY></HTML>
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Output

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Push Button
▪ Push Button: This element would be used with
JavaScript to cause an action to take place.
<INPUT TYPE=“BUTTON”>
Browser will display

Push Button has the following attributes:


▪ TYPE: button.
▪ NAME: is the name of the button to be used
in scripting.
▪ VALUE: determines the text label on the button.
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<DIV align=center><BR><BR>
<FORM>
<FONT Color=red>
<h1>Press Here to see a baby crying:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="PressMe"><BR><BR>
<FONT Color=blue>
Click Here to see a baby shouting:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="ClickMe" > <BR><BR>
<FONT Color=green>
Hit Here to see a baby eating:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="HitME" > <BR><BR>
<FONT Color=yellow>
</FORM></DIV>
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Submit Button

▪ Submit: Every set of Form tags requires a Submit


button. This is the element causes the browser to send the
names and values of the other elements to the CGI
Application specified by the ACTION attribute of the
FORM element.
<INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT”>
The browser will display
Submit has the following attributes:
▪ TYPE: submit.
▪ NAME: value used by the CGI script for processing.
▪ VALUE: determines the text label on the button, usually
Submit Query.
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<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"><BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color=red>
Press Here to submit the data:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData " >
</FORM>

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Reset Button

• Reset: It is a good idea to include one of these for


each form where users are entering data. It allows
the surfer to clear all the input in the form.

• <INPUT TYPE=“RESET”>
• Browser will display
•
• Reset buttons have the following attributes:
• TYPE: reset.
• VALUE: determines the text label on the button,
usually Reset.
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<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"> <BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color = red>
<STRONG><font size=5>Press Here to submit the
data:</font></STRONG><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData">
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset">
</FORM>

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Image Submit Button

▪ Image Submit Button: Allows you to substitute an


image for the standard submit button.

<INPUT TYPE=“IMAGE” SRC=“jordan.gif”>

Image submit button has the following attributes:


▪ TYPE: Image.
▪ NAME: is the name of the button to be used in scripting.
▪ SRC: URL of the Image file.
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<form>
<H1><font color=blue>
Click to go Jordan’s Map:
<INPUT TYPE="IMAGE" SRC="jordan.gif">
</form>

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File
• File Upload:You can use a file upload to allow surfers to
upload files to your web server.
• <INPUT TYPE=“FILE”>
• Browser will display

• File Upload has the following attributes:


• TYPE: file.
• SIZE: is the size of the text box in characters.
• NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
• MAXLENGHT: is the maximum size of the input in the
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textbox in characters.
<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
<H3><font color=forestgreen>
Please attach your file here to for uploading to
My <font color =red>SERVER...<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="File" name="myFile" size="30">

<INPUT TYPE="Submit" value="SubmitFile">


</form>
</BODY>
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Other Elements used in Forms

▪ <TEXTAREA></TEXTAREA>: is an element that


allows for free form text entry.

Browser will display

Textarea has the following attributes:


▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
▪ ROWS: the number of rows to the textbox.
▪ COLS: the number of columns to the textbox.
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<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
<TEXTAREA COLS=40 ROWS=20 Name="comments" >
From observing the apathy of those
about me during flag raising I
concluded that patriotism if not
actually on the decline is at least
in a state of dormancy.
Written by Khaled Al-Fagih
</TEXTAREA>:
</form>
</BODY>

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Other Elements used in Forms
▪ The two following examples are
<SELECT></SELECT> elements, where the
attributes are set differently.
The Select elements attributes are:
▪ NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to
the CGI application.
▪ SIZE: this sets the number of visible choices.
▪ MULTIPLE: the presence of this attribute signifies
that the user can make multiple selections. By
default only one selection is allowed.
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<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
Select the cities you have visited:
<SELECT name=“list” size=5>
<option> London</option>
<option> Tokyo</option>
<option> Paris</option>
<option> New York</option>
<option> LA</option>
<option> KL</option>
</SELECT>
</form>
</BODY>
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Other Elements used in Forms
▪ Drop Down List:

▪ Name: is the name of the variable to be sent to the


CGI application.
▪ Size: 1.

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Other Elements used in Forms

▪ List Box:

▪ Name: is the name of the variable to be sent to the


CGI application.
▪ SIZE: is greater than one.
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Other Elements used in Forms

▪ Option
The list items are added to the <SELECT> element
by inserting <OPTION></OPTION> elements.
The Option Element’s attributes are:
▪ SELECTED: When this attribute is present, the
option is selected when the document is initially
loaded. It is an error for more than one option
to be selected.
▪ VALUE: Specifies the value the variable named in
the select element.
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</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h2><font color=blue>What type of Computer do you
have?</font><h2>
<FORM>
<SELECT NAME="ComputerType" size=4>
<OPTION value="IBM" SELECTED> IBM</OPTION>
<OPTION value="INTEL"> INTEL</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" Apple"> Apple</OPTION>
<OPTION value="Compaq"> Compaq</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</FORM></BODY></HTML>
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<HEAD> <TITLE>SELECT with Mutiple </TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<h2><font color=blue>What type of Computer do you
have?</font><h2>
<FORM>
<SELECT NAME="ComputerType" size=5 multiple>
<OPTION value="IBM" > IBM</OPTION>
<OPTION value="INTEL"> INTEL</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" Apple"> Apple</OPTION>
<OPTION value="Compaq" SELECTED> Compaq</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" other"> Other</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</FORM></BODY></HTML>
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