Page |1

PROJECT NAME

The role of NGO for educational upliftment (a special

reference to Jhinuk foundation at Radhanagar in
Paschim Bardhaman)
 Page |2

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that, the project work entitled "The role of NGO for
educational upliftment" submitted to the department of law for the
degree of law has been composed entirely by myself under the guidance
of Dr. Debjani Chakraborty (Som), been Solely the result of my own work
and not been submitted for any other degree or professional
qualification.

AFRUL ISLAM
5years B.A.LL.B.(H) 7th sem.
 Page |3

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my gratitude to my guide and supervision Dr.

Debjani Chakraborty (som) ma'am for assisting me in the development
of my project.

I am extremely obliged to the General secretary and Members of the

Jhinuk foundation for assisting me in every respect of my needs towards
my projects of the "Role of NGO for educational upliftment (a special
reference to Jhinuk foundation at Radhanagar in Paschim Bardhaman).

I am really grateful to my parents for their constant encouragement and

support and also those members who actively participated in the co-
operation for collection of data and fulfillment of my project work. I am
highly obliged to my department of law at Law College Durgapur, gave
me such opportunities for doing such research on this important topic.

AFRUL ISLAM
5 years BALLB (H), 7th sem.
 Page |4

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Afrul Islam student of Law College Durgapur has
been carried out his research work independently under my supervision
and guidance and written the project entitled "The role of NGO for
educational upliftment (a special reference to Jhinuk foundation at
Radhanagar in Paschim Bardhaman)". The research work embodied in
the project in his own efforts and to the best of my knowledge it has
neither being submitted earlier anywhere for any other department not
published fully or in part in a journal.

Radhanagar, Paschim Bardhaman

West Bengal
Date: -
Dr. Debjani Chakraborty (Som)
(Supervising guide)
 Page |5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.
Topics Page number
Number
INTRODUCTION
1 a) Objective 6-7
b) Rational thinking

2 CONCEPTUALIZATION 8-11

3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12-13

4 METHODOLOGY 14-15

5 DATA ANALYSIS 16-18

6 MAJOR FINDINGS 19

7 RECOMMENDATION 20

8 CONCLUSION 21

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 22

10 ANNEXURE 23-25
 Page |6

INTRODUCTION

NGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization. It's a group of

individuals or organizations that work independently of government to
address social, political, or environmental issues. It is an Independent
and Not controlled by the government. Primarily focused on achieving a
goal rather than making money (non-profit organization). In fact, it plays
a crucial role in addressing global challenges and providing services from
small local groups to large international organizations. Civil Society
Organizations (CSOs), also referred to as NGOs, are crucial participants
in the development sector. The promotion of education and literacy in
India is significantly dependent on the critical role played by NGOs
operating in the country.

Education is the foundation upon which every individual builds up his

right. In spite of that, hundreds and millions of Indian children still do not
get the chance to receive quality education because of many socio-
economic reasons. Education and literature did push the people, and it
is where the NGOs will lead the community in this endeavor. This project
work is going to discuss the role that non-governmental organizations
play in education in India and their effect on society.

A) OBJECTIVES: -

1. To determine the status of education in India

2. To identify the need of NGOs with special reference to education in
our society.
3. To outline the role played by NGOs in involving community
participation for education development.
4. How the NGOs are served the country.
5. To assess the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs.
 Page |7

B) RATIONAL THINKING: -

Education is something very crucial for a better life. Providing education

to all its children should be India’s top priority. India is a vast country,
both geographically and demographically, the government alone cannot
bring all children into the fold of education. In such a scenario, the role
of civil society becomes even more important in ensuring that the
benefits of education reach the lower strata of society.

Several Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been working at

the grassroots level to extend education to disadvantaged children in
India. Since independence, Education NGOs have strived to strengthen
the country’s existing educational system and network so that more and
more children have the opportunity to go and stay in school. The best
thing about NGOs is that they work at the grassroots level, connecting
with the masses and raising awareness about the importance of having
a good education to get ahead in life.
 Page |8

CONCEPTUALIZATION

NGOs are associations with a non-profit nature and work on their goals
without government control. The non-profit agencies source to raise
public awareness and solve problems that are related to social,
ecological, and some other domains. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs),
or NGOs as they are often referred to, are the key players in the
development arena. The promotion of education and literacy in India is,
in fact, a result of the significant contribution of the NGOs working in the
country. I have been discussed in this section about the role of NGO in
inclusive education.

NGOs and Education:

NGOs are non-profit organizations that work towards social welfare. In

the education sector, NGOs work towards improving access to
education, promoting quality education, and addressing issues related to
education. They often work in partnership with the government and
other stakeholders to achieve their objectives.

Improving Access to Education:

One of the primary roles of NGOs in education is to improve access to

education. NGOs work towards ensuring that children from marginalized
communities, especially those living in rural areas, have access to
education. They often set up schools in these areas and provide free
education and other necessary resources to students.

Promoting Quality Education:

Another important role of NGOs in education is to promote quality

education. NGOs work towards improving the quality of education in
schools by providing teacher training, developing teaching materials,
 Page |9

and improving infrastructure. They also work towards promoting

inclusive education and ensuring that every child receives a quality
education.

Addressing Issues Related to Education:

NGOs also play a crucial role in addressing issues related to education.

They work towards improving the educational outcomes of students by
addressing issues such as low enrollment, high dropout rates, and poor
academic performance. They also work towards promoting education for
girls and ensuring that they have equal access to education.

Bridging the Gender Gap

Education has gender equality as one of its top objectives for NGOs. They
engage in breaking the gender stereotypes in the area of educational
access, equipping girls and women with equal educational opportunities
similar to their counterparts and proactively supporting programs that
support gender-specific learning environments.

Supporting Marginalized Communities

NGOs provide priority educational opportunities for underprivileged

communities, which might include people like refugees, ethnic
minorities and poor and disadvantaged individuals. They provide
community learning Centers, scholarships, and vocational training to lift
up these communities to create educational opportunities that were not
common.

Promoting Life Skills and Values

NGOs understand the significance of comprehensive development and

employ p r o g r a m s that intimate life skills, values, and character
 P a g e | 10

education along with academic studies. These courses help students

identify their unique skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving,
communication, and empathy, and prepare them for their future by
being successful in school and professionally.

NGOs and Government Partnership:

NGOs often work in partnership with the government to achieve their

objectives in the education sector. They collaborate with government
agencies to implement programs and policies aimed at improving
education outcomes. NGOs also provide feedback and suggestions to the
government on how to improve the education system.

NGOs and Community Engagement:

NGOs also work towards engaging with communities to promote

education. They work with parents and community members to raise
awareness about the importance of education and encourage them to
send their children to school. NGOs also work towards developing
community-based education programs that are tailored to the needs of
specific communities.

Challenges Faced by NGOs in promoting education in India

NGOs face several challenges in promoting education in India. The

primary challenge is the lack of funds. NGOs rely on donations and grants
from various sources, which are often insufficient to meet their
requirements. The lack of funds restricts their ability to reach out to
more children and provide them with quality education.

Another challenge faced by NGOs is the lack of infrastructure in remote

and underdeveloped areas. NGOs have to bear the cost of building
 P a g e | 11

schools and providing other infrastructure, which can be a significant

financial burden.

In spite of all they face some opposition from the parents and local
people due lack of awareness.

In this project work I specially refer Radhanagar Jhinuk foundation which

is established in 2021 at Radhanagar near A.G. Church School, sodepur,
Post - Sunderchak, Dist- Paschim Bardhaman, PIN- 713360. This
foundation has been opened five study centre in different area to
operate it's work i.e. Poidhi Gram centre, Das para centre, MECL centre,
Jasidihi centre, Sitalpur centre.
 P a g e | 12

REVIEW OF LITERATURE: -

1. According to Rao (2010), many Indian NGOs have worked to provide

access to education where state interventions have been limited or
ineffective. Their initiatives often target out-of-school children,
especially girls, tribal communities, and economically disadvantaged
groups. NGOs such as Pratham, Akshaya Patra, and Eklavya have
introduced community-based educational initiatives that have
improved both enrollment and retention rates in rural schools. (Rao,
N. (2010). NGOs and their role in education in rural India: A case
study of select states. Indian Journal of Social Work, 71(2), 177-194.)

2. Ghosh (2012), have discussed how NGOs have played a critical role
in the implementation of the RTE Act. NGOs have supported the
government by ensuring that marginalized children are enrolled in
schools, raising awareness about the RTE provisions, and monitoring
the Act's implementation. Organizations such as Pratham and Save
the Children have been actively involved in the collection of data on
out-of-school children and have played a watchdog role in ensuring
that the law is properly enforced. (Ghosh, S. (2012). Role of NGOs in
implementing the Right to Education Act in India. Social Change,
42(1), 23-40.)

3. According to a study by Soni & Raza (2014), limited funding, political

interference, and lack of proper monitoring and evaluation
frameworks hinder the effectiveness of NGOs in delivering
education. Many NGOs rely on international donors, leading to
fluctuating funding levels and a lack of sustainability. Additionally,
their programs may not always align with national education
policies, causing friction with local governments. (Soni, S., & Raza,
S. (2014). The challenges faced by NGOs in education: A case study
 P a g e | 13

of Pakistan. Journal of International Development Studies, 23(2),

233-245.)

4. According to Agarwal (2014), many Indian states have partnered

with NGOs to run schools or to support specific educational
interventions, such as teacher training, curriculum development,
and school management committees. The involvement of NGOs in
PPPs has often resulted in improved school management, higher
student engagement, and better learning outcomes in comparison
to purely government-run schools. (Agarwal, P. (2014). Public-
private partnerships and the role of NGOs in Indian education.
International Journal of Educational Development, 39(2), 48-56.)

5. According to the study by Vaid (2011), these challenges include a

lack of consistent funding, bureaucratic hurdles in government- NGO
collaborations, and difficulties in scaling successful programs across
larger geographic regions. Many NGOs are dependent on donor
funding, which can be inconsistent, leading to the discontinuation of
projects. Moreover, the lack of proper monitoring and evaluation
frameworks hampers their ability to track the long-term impacts of
their initiatives. (Vaid, D. (2011). The role and challenges of NGOs in
India’s education sector: A critical analysis. Development in Practice,
21(3), 448-456.)
 P a g e | 14

METHODOLOGY

Definition: - In its most common sense, methodology is the study of

research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods
themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background
assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a
certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledge claims. This
normally involves various steps, like choosing a sample, collecting data
from this sample, and interpreting the data. The study of methods
concerns a detailed description and analysis of these processes. It
includes evaluative aspects by comparing different methods. This way, it
is assessed what advantages and disadvantages they have and for what
research goals they may be used. These descriptions and evaluations
depend on philosophical background assumptions. Examples are how to
conceptualize the studied phenomena and what constitutes evidence for
or against them. When understood in the widest sense, methodology
also includes the discussion of these more abstract issues.

Types: - Methodologies are traditionally divided into quantitative and

qualitative research.

Quantitative research: - Quantitative research is the main methodology

of the natural sciences. It uses precise numerical measurements. Its goal
is usually to find universal laws used to make predictions about future
events. The dominant methodology in the natural sciences is called the
scientific method. It includes steps like observation and the formulation
of a hypothesis. Further steps are to test the hypothesis using an
experiment, to compare the measurements to the expected results, and
to publish the findings.

Qualitative research: - Qualitative research is more characteristic of the

social sciences and gives less prominence to exact numerical
measurements. It aims more at an in-depth understanding of the
 P a g e | 15

meaning of the studied phenomena and less at universal and predictive

laws. Common methods found in the social sciences are surveys,
interviews, focus groups, and the nominal group technique. They differ
from each other concerning their sample size, the types of questions
asked, and the general setting.
In recent decades, many social scientists have started using mixed-
methods research, which combines quantitative and qualitative
methodologies.

This project work I have been completed by using a qualitative and

quantitative study/research method which was utilized to explore the
role of NGO (as special reference to Jhinuk Foundation which is situated
in our district) in promoting education, the successes, and challenges
that they face.

Interviews has also been conducted to collect data with General

Secretary of this foundation at a time that was convenient for him.

And after that, I also met the beneficiaries and their parents to gather the
outcomes. They said, "We are very thankful to the NGO for supporting us
not only in the field of education but also in addressing health concerns.
Through their regular awareness campaigns, we have come to understand
the importance of education in our lives, especially for the betterment of
our children's future. They also captured our attention by organizing
various cultural activities. Before receiving support from the NGO, we had
not thought about these things."
 P a g e | 16

DATA ANALYSIS

This foundation has five study Centre (as mentioned earlier) out of which
I selected/choose 1 study Centre for data representation i.e. Das para
Centre which is situated near Radhanagar cinema hall.

• Increasing number of study Centre

Year Number of study Centre

2021 1
2024 5
 P a g e | 17

• Increasing number of beneficiaries (dropout students)

Year Boys Girls Total

2021 10 8 18
2024 29 57 86
 P a g e | 18

• Students number based on class (at present)

Class Number of Total

students
Primary 30
5 to 9 40 86
10th 16
 P a g e | 19

MAJOR FINDINGS

The constantly work of this NGO on specially education for the

underprivileged child has affected most, in fact the aims and objects of
this NGO is education and health of the underprivileged children. Since
when the foundation had created, the beneficiaries’ rate is increased and
the student also maintain regularity. And the Volunteers and staff
members also conducts PTM with parents as awareness that they will
concern about their children regarding education, as in the present day,
they can understand that what is the importance of the education. For
the NGO's hard work many students take readmission in school those
who are dropped out for any reason and this year seven students
reached at matric level out of which five students got passed the
examination. And for the healthcare this foundation organizes eye camp
for aged people, in which operation has been performed and also
provide eyeglasses to them by this organization.

In spite of all, the NGO also provide books, copies, pen and pencil, and
drawing classes at free of cost.
 P a g e | 20

SUGGESTION & RECOMMENDATION

Based on the result of this study, the following recommendations and

suggestions are made so that government, decision makers and other
relevant stakeholders can take appropriate actions. :-
1. Most importantly financial support, that they can creates better
infrastructure, provide all accessories for education, conduct
different competition by which encourages the beneficiaries and so
on.
2. Organizing some awareness campaign for education to the
underprivileged dropped out students and their families.
3. Support by volunteers that maintain the availability of volunteers
and provide some stipend to them that they engage with NGO to
implement as well as organize the planning.
4. Collaborate with NGOs to implement programs under government
schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
5. Develop public-private partnership models for education.

And under these following recommendations focus on enhancing the

effectiveness of NGOs in their educational initiatives:
1. NGOs should actively partner with government educational
programs to avoid duplication of efforts and maximize impact.
2. Use low-cost technological tools (e.g., tablets, mobile apps) to
provide access to digital education
3. Create e-learning modules in regional languages.
4. Organize regular teacher training programs to enhance the quality
of teaching.
5. Train community members to take leadership roles in educational
projects for better sustainability.
6. Build programs that can eventually run without continuous NGO
support, such as self-help groups for parents.
7. Set up community libraries and digital learning hubs.
 P a g e | 21

CONCLUSION

NGO’s play a significant role in promoting education in developing

countries and can successfully reach many children who would not have
received any education without their efforts. However, they also face
challenges to effectively implement educational reforms.

This qualitative study explored the roles of NGO’s in promoting

education within our area they operate in and examined the successes
they have achieved and the challenges that they face. Study participants
shared several effective and sustainable solutions that they have
implemented with their organization to promote education in the face
of limited funds. The challenges faced by these NGO’s are also shared to
create greater awareness and possible solutions to their issues.

Although the findings of the study cannot be generalized due to the

limited sample set, the researcher included thick descriptions that
explored how the NGO promotes education in their respective area to
facilitate transferability and external validity. Future studies using mixed
method or quantitative methodologies should be conducted to
complement the study findings.
 P a g e | 22

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https://www.ngofeed.com on 10.11.24(Sunday) at 9:30 a.m.

• https://www.jetir.org/Yasmin Sonia on the role of NGO's and
government in education system in India on 12.11.24(Tuesday) at
10:00 a.m.
• https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki on 15.11.24(Friday) at 6.00 p.m.
 P a g e | 23

ANNEXURE

1) Basic Information

a) Name of the NGO

b) Location
c) Primary areas of operation
d) Year of establishment
e) Mission and vision statements

2) Target Audience and Beneficiaries

a) What age groups or communities does the NGO target?

b) How many children/students benefit from the NGO’s programs each
c) year?
d) Does the NGO focus on a particular community?

3) Programs and Initiatives

a) What specific programs does the NGO run to promote

educational upliftment?
b) How are these programs structured?

4) Impact Measurement

a) How does the NGO measure the success or impact of its

educational programs?
b) Have there been any significant achievements or positive
outcomes as a result of the NGO's efforts?

5) Funding and Resource

 P a g e | 24

a) What are the primary sources of funding for educational initiatives?

b) Are there any partnerships or collaborations with other
NGOs, government agencies, or private companies?

6) Challenges and Limitations

a) What are the biggest challenges the NGO faces in

promoting educational upliftment?
b) How does the NGO address issues such as dropout rates, lack
of resources, or limited access to educational tools?

7) Volunteering and Human Resources

a) How many volunteers or staff members are involved in

educational programs?
b) What are the qualifications or training processes for
volunteers/staff in educational roles?
c) How does the NGO recruit, train, and retain staff or volunteers
for educational initiatives?

8) Community Engagement and Awareness

a) How does the NGO involve the local community in its

educational programs?
b) Are there awareness programs to encourage parents and
guardians to prioritize education?
c) How does the NGO address any social or cultural barriers
to education?

9) Future Plans and Goals

a) What are the NGO’s future goals for expanding educational

 P a g e | 25

b) upliftment initiatives?
c) Are there any upcoming programs or partnerships?
d) How does the NGO plan to adapt to future educational needs
or trends?

10) Feedback and Suggestions

a) How does the NGO gather feedback from beneficiaries

and communities?
b) What does the NGO think government and society could do
to further support educational upliftment?