CENTRE FOR SKILL AND

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT

IIOT - BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY PARTNER HOSTING PARTNER

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 CSED WHAT IS BLUETOOTH ?

• Bluetooth is a wireless standard that devices use to

exchange data between one another: it's how your
smartphone transmits audio to your favorite wireless
headphones for playback.

• Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest

Group (SIG), which has more than 35,000 member
companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing,
networking, and consumer electronics. The IEEE standardized
Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, but no longer maintains the
standard. The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the
specification, manages the qualification program, and
protects the trademarks

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 CSED BLUETOOTH RANGE

1. Bluetooth is a standardized protocol for sending and receiving data via a

2.4GHz wireless link. It's a secure protocol, and it's perfect for short-range,
low-power, low-cost, wireless transmissions between electronic devices.
2. Bluetooth operates at frequencies between 2.402 and 2.480 GHz, or 2.400
and 2.4835 GHz including guard bands 2 MHz wide at the bottom end and
3.5 MHz wide at the top.[18] This is in the globally unlicensed (but not
unregulated) industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range
radio frequency band.
3. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread
spectrum. Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets, and transmits
each packet on one of 79 designated Bluetooth channels. Each channel has
a bandwidth of 1 MHz. It usually performs 1600 hops per second,
with adaptive frequency-hopping (AFH) enabled.[18] Bluetooth Low
Energy uses 2 MHz spacing, which accommodates 40 channels

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 CSED WHY BLUETOOTH IS REQUIRED

Bluetooth is a wireless technology that uses low-energy radio waves to

send wireless data between Bluetooth-enabled devices. It's similar to
Wi-Fi in that it operates over radio waves. However, Bluetooth can work
between any two enabled devices and does not require additional
network equipment such as routers or modems, making it a popular
choice for sending data between mobile electronics over close ranges.
Bluetooth works over a maximum distance of 164 feet between
devices, but that range is more than enough for many home, car,
health and consumer electronics applications.

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CSED

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 CSED HOW BLUETOOTH WORKS ?

1. Bluetooth networks (commonly referred to as piconets) use a master/slave model to control when and where
devices can send data. In this model, a single master device can be connected to up to seven different slave
devices. Any slave device in the piconet can only be connected to a single master.

Bluetooth master/slave piconet topologies.

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CSED HOW BLUETOOTH WORKS ?

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 CSED BLUETOOTH ADDRESSES AND NAMES

1. There are two types of Bluetooth Device Addresses, which are

called Public Device Address and Random Device Address.
A Public Device Address is a globally unique 48-bit identifier, which
consists of two fields:
• The 24 most significant bits are called the Organizational Unique
Identifier, and its purpose is to identify each company. It is
administered by the IEEE Registration Authority.
• The 24 least significant bits are assigned by the company, and
they serve the purpose of identifying each device.
2. A Random Device Address is a privacy feature of the BLE
protocol, and it helps to prevent tracking of a device. BLE
provides a resolution mechanism so that only a device which
holds the connection link key can identify the device.
3. This address should be visible on most Bluetooth devices. For
example, on this RN-42 Bluetooth Module, the address printed
next to "MAC NO." is 000666422152:

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 CSED SETTING THE DEVICE NAME

• Since it would be quite difficult for a user to

• /// Device name
identify a device using only its BD Address,
BLE provides the Device Name property, • #define USER_DEVICE_NAME "DLG-BRBN"
which is a human-friendly name used to tag
a device. This is assigned with the
USER_DEVICE_NAME macro, which can be
customized in user_config.h. • /// Device name length

• #define USER_DEVICE_NAME_LEN (sizeof(USER_DEVICE_NAME)-1)

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 CSED Bluetooth

1. Bluetooth is a standardized protocol for

sending and receiving data via a 2.4GHz
wireless link. It's a secure protocol, and it's
perfect for short-range, low-power, low-cost,
wireless transmissions between electronic
devices.

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 CSED Connection Process

Inquiry -- If two Bluetooth devices know absolutely nothing about each other, one must run an inquiry to try to discover the other. One
device sends out the inquiry request, and any device listening for such a request will respond with its address, and possibly its name
and other information.
Paging (Connecting) -- Paging is the process of forming a connection between two Bluetooth devices. Before this connection can be
initiated, each device needs to know the address of the other (found in the inquiry process).
Connection -- After a device has completed the paging process, it enters the connection state. While connected, a device can either
be actively participating or it can be put into a low power sleep mode.
Active Mode -- This is the regular connected mode, where the device is actively transmitting or receiving data.
Sniff Mode -- This is a power-saving mode, where the device is less active. It'll sleep and only listen for transmissions at a set
interval (e.g. every 100ms).
Hold Mode -- Hold mode is a temporary, power-saving mode where a device sleeps for a defined period and then returns back
to active mode when that interval has passed. The master can command a slave device to hold.
Park Mode -- Park is the deepest of sleep modes. A master can command a slave to "park", and that slave will become inactive
until the master tells it to wake back up.

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 CSED Power Classes

Class Number Max Output Power (dBm) Max Output Power (mW) Max Range

Class 1 20 dBm 100 mW 100 m

Class 2 4 dBm 2.5 mW 10 m

Class 3 0 dBm 1 mW 10 cm

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 CSED Bluetooth - Serial Port Profile (SPP)

1. If you're replacing a serial communication

interface (like RS-232 or a UART) with Bluetooth, SPP

is the profile for you. SPP is great for sending bursts

of data between two devices

2. Using SPP, each connected device can send and

receive data just as if there were RX and TX lines

connected between them. Two Arduinos, for example,

could converse with each other from across rooms,

instead of from across the desk

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 CSED Human Interface Device (HID)

1. HID is the go-to profile for Bluetooth-enabled user-input devices like mice, keyboards, and joysticks. It's

also used for a lot of modern video game controllers, like WiiMotes or PS3 controllers.

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 CSED Bluetooth - Common Versions

• Bluetooth v1.2
The v1.x releases laid the groundwork for the protocols and specifications future versions would build upon. Bluetooth v1.2 was the
latest and most stable 1.x version.
• Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR
The 2.x versions of Bluetooth introduced enhanced data rate (EDR), which increased the data rate potential up to 3 Mbps (closer to
2.1 Mbps in practice). Bluetooth v2.1, released in 2007, introduced secure simple pairing (SSP), which overhauled the pairing
process.
• Bluetooth v3.0 + HS
You thought 3 Mbps was fast? Multiply that by eight and you have Bluetooth v3.0's optimum speed -- 24 Mbps.
That speed can be a little deceiving though, because the data is actually transmitted over a WiFi ( 802.11) connection. Bluetooth is
only used to establish and manage a connection.
Bluetooth v4.0 and Bluetooth Low Energy
Bluetooth 4.0 split the Bluetooth specification into three categories: classic, high-speed, and low-energy. Classic and high speed call
back to Bluetooth versions v2.1+EDR and v3.0+HS respectively. The real standout of Bluetooth v4.0 is Bluetooth low energy (BLE).

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 CSED Bluetooth - Wireless Comparison

Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy

Name Bluetooth Classic ZigBee WiFi
(BLE)

IEEE Standard 802.15.1 802.15.1 802.15.4 802.11 (a, b, g, n)

Frequency (GHz) 2.4 2.4 0.868, 0.915, 2.4 2.4 and 5

Maximum raw bit rate (Mbps) 1-3 1 0.250 11 (b), 54 (g), 600 (n)

Typical data throughput (Mbps) 0.7-2.1 0.27 0.2 7 (b), 25 (g), 150 (n)

Maximum (Outdoor) Range (Meters) 10 (class 2), 100 (class 1) 50 10-100 100-250

Relative Power Consumption Medium Very low Very low High

Example Battery Life Days Months to years Months to years Hours

Network Size 7 Undefined 64,000+ 255

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CSED
THANK YOU

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