TENSES ( Active – Passive )

7.  The Perfect PresentTense 

 Usages :હમણા થોડા સમય પેહલા કોઈ ક્રિયા પ ૂરી થઇ ચુકી છે પરં ત ુ તેની અસર હજી ચાલુ છે એવુ ં
દર્ાાવવા માટે પ ૂણા વતામાન કાળ વપરાય છે . .

 Indicators: just(હમણાજ) already(કયારનુ),ં often(અવારનવાર), ever(કયારે ક), never(કદીનક્રહ),

always(હમેર્ા ), sometimes(કયારે ક ), recently(તાજેતરમાં ), completely(સંપ ૂણાપણે ), yet(હજુ સુધી), so
far(હજુ સુધી), since/lately(મોડેથી), for just now(હમણાજ ), since when(કયારથી ), how long(કેટલા
સમયથી )

 Since ચોક્કસ સમય, ઘટના કે પ્રસંગ દર્ાાવવા વપરાય છે

 For ચોક્કસ સમયગાળો દર્ાાવવા વપરાય છે
 Since પછી સાદા ભુતકાળનું વાક્ય આવી ર્કે છે
 આ ઉપરાંત કેટલીકવાર so,because,as etc જેવા સંયોજક થી જોડાયેલા સાદા
વતામાનકાળ કે ચાલુ વતામાનકાળ પણ આવી ર્કે છે .
 Example: (1) She has lost her purse so she is crying.
(2) Maulik has met with an accident and he is in the hospital.
 કેટલીક વખત let’s વાળં કે Model Aux. નં વાક્ય પણ આવી ર્કે છે .
 Example: (1) The sun has already risen.Let’s start our journey.
(2) I have repaired your scooter. You may take it your home.

Affirmative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + have / has + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy has played Tennis recently.

(2) I have just read an English.
(3) Arav has already written a letter.
(4) Sheela has just bought ten pens.
(5) Meera has told a story recently.
 Affirmative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + have / has + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words

Example (1) Tennis has played by Stephy recently.

(2) An English has just read by me .
(3) A letter has already written by Arav .
(4) Ten pens have just bought by Sheela .
(5) A story has told recently by Meera.

Negative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + have / has + not + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy has not played Tennis recently.

(2) I have just not read an English.
(3) Arav has already not written a letter.
(4) Sheela has just not bought ten pens.
(5) Meera has not told a story recently.

Negative - Active
Negative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + have / has + not + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words

Example (1) Tennis has not been played by Stephy recently.

(2) An English has just not been read by me .
(3) A letter has already not been written by Arav .
(4) Ten pens have just not been bought by Sheela .
(5) A story has not been told recently by Meera.
 Interrogative - Active
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Have / Has + Subject + V3 + object + other words + ?

Example (1) Has Stephy played Tennis recently ?

(2) Have I just read an English ?
(3) Has Arav already written a letter ?
(4) Has Sheela just bought ten pens ?
(5) Has Meera told a story recently ?

Interrogative - Passive
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Have / Has + Object + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words + ?

Example (1) Has Tennis has been played by Stephy recently.

(2) Has An English has just been read by me .
(3) Has A letter has already been written by Arav .
(4) Have Ten pens have just been bought by Sheela .
(5) Has A story has been told recently by Meera.

8.  The Perfect Past Tense 

 Usages :જયારે ભ ૂતકાળમાં અનુિમે બનેલી બે ઘટનાઓ દર્ાાવવી હોઈ ત્યારે પ ૂણા
ભુતકાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય .પ્રથમ બની હોઈ તેના માટે પ ૂણા ભુતકાળ અને ત્યારબાદ માટે
સાદાભ ૂતકાળનું વાક્ય આવે.
 આ કાળનું વાક્ય સ્વતંત્ર મુકાત ું નથી. સંયોજક તરીકે after,before,when આવે.
 When, Before પછી હમેર્ા સાદો ભ ૂતકાળ આવે.
 Since,For પણ વપરાય છે .પરત ું આવા સમય દર્ાક ર્બ્દો આવેલા હોય ટીજ આગળ કે
પાછળ નું વાક્ય સાદો ભ ૂતકાળમાં હોય તો જ પ ૂણા ભ ૂતકાળ આવી ર્કે છે .
 Before + વતામાન કૃદંત, પ ૂણા ભ ૂતકાળ
 After + વતામાન કૃદંત, સાદો ભ ૂતકાળ
  Indicators: When, Before, just, already , ever , etc. જેવા પુર વતામાન કાળમાં આવતા
ર્બ્દો પ ૂણા ભ ૂતકાળ માં પણ આવી ર્કે છે

Affirmative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + had + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy had played Tennis .

(2) I had read an English.
(3) Arav had written a letter.
(4) Sheela had bought ten pens.
(5) Meera had told a story.

Affirmative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words

Example (1) Tennis had played by Stephy.

(2) An English had read by me .
(3) A letter had written by Arav .
(4) Ten pens had bought by Sheela .
(5) A story had told by Meera.

Negative - Active
  Syntax : Subject + had + not + V3 + object + other words
Example (1) Stephy had not played Tennis.
(2) I had not read an English.
(3) Arav had not written a letter.
(4) Sheela had not bought ten pens.
(5) Meera had not told a story.

Negative - Active
Negative - PASSIVE

 Syntax : Object + had + not + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words

Example (1) Tennis had not been played by Stephy.

(2) An English had not been read by me .
(3) A letter had not been written by Arav .
(4) Ten pens had not been bought by Sheela .
(5) A story had not been told by Meera.

Interrogative - Active
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Had + Subject + V3 + object + other words + ?

Example (1) Had Stephy played Tennis ?

(2) Had I read an English ?
(3) Had Arav written a letter ?
(4) Had Sheela bought ten pens ?
(5) Had Meera told a story ?

Interrogative - Passive
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Had + Object + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words + ?

Example (1) Had Tennis has been played by Stephy ?

(2) Had An English has been read by me ?
 (3) Had A letter has been written by Arav ?
(4) Had Ten pens have been bought by Sheela ?
(5) Had A story has been told by Meera ?

9.  The Perfect Future Tense 

 Usages :ભવવષ્યમાં કોઈ ચોક્કસ સમયે કોઈ ક્રિયા પ ૂણા થઇ ચુકી હર્ે તે દર્ાાવવા .
 પ ૂણા ભવવષ્યકાળના વાક્ય ની સાથે સાદો વતામાનકાળ ,સાદો ભવવષ્યકાળ કે M.A ની રચના આવી ર્કે
છે . આ વાક્યને જોડવા til until ,before after , when જેવા સયોજકોનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે .

 પુ.ભ.કા. till/until સા.ભ.કા./M.A.રચના

 પુ.ભ.કા. WHEN /BEFORE સા.વ.કા. / સા.ભ.કા. / M.A.
 પુ.ભ.કા. અફ્તેર સ.વ.કા./ સા.ભ.કા / M.A
Indicators: by tomorrow evening /morning /year , by the next week /month

Affirmative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + shall /will + have + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy will have played Tennis by tomorrow evening .

(2) I will have read an English by tomorrow evening .
(3) Arav will have written a letter by tomorrow evening .
(4) Sheela will have bought ten pens by tomorrow evening .
(5) Meera will have told a story by tomorrow evening .

Affirmative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + shall /will+ have + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words

Example (1) Tennis will have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening.
 (2) An English will have been read by me by tomorrow evening.
(3) A letter will have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening.
(4) Ten pens will have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening.
(5) A story will have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening.

Negative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + shall /will + not + have + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy will not have played Tennis by tomorrow evening.
(2) I will not have read an English by tomorrow evening.
(3) Arav will not have written a lette by tomorrow evening r.
(4) Sheela will not have bought ten pens by tomorrow evening.
(5) Meera will not have told a story by tomorrow evening.

Negative - Active
Negative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + shall /will + not + have + been + V3 + by + Subject + other

words

Example (1) Tennis will not have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening.
(2) An English will not have been read by me by tomorrow evening.
(3) A letter will not have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening.
(4) Ten pens will not have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening.
(5) A story will not have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening.

Interrogative - Active
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Shall /Will + Subject + have + V3 + object + other words + ?
Example (1) Will Stephy have played Tennis by tomorrow evening?
(2) Will I have read an English by tomorrow evening ?
(3) Will Arav have written a letter by tomorrow evening ?
 (4) Will Sheela hae bought ten pens by tomorrow evening?
(5) Will Meera have told a story by tomorrow evening?

Interrogative - Passive
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Shall /Will + Object + have + been + V3 + by + Subject + other words + ?

Example (1) Will Tennis have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening?
(2) Will An English have been read by me by tomorrow evening?
(3) Will A letter have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening?
(4) Will Ten pens have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening?
(5) Will A story have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening?

Going to Construction

Affirmative - Active
 Syntax : Subject + am /is /are + going to + have + V3 + object + other words

Example (1) Stephy is going to have played Tennis by tomorrow evening.

(2) I am going to have read an English by tomorrow evening.
(3) Arav is going to have written a letter by tomorrow evening.
(4) Sheela is going to have bought ten pens by tomorrow evening.
(5) Meera is going to have told a story by tomorrow evening.

Affirmative - Passive

 Syntax : Object + am/is/are + going to + + have + been + V3 + by + Subject +

other words

Example (1) Tennis is going to have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening.
(2) An English is going have been read by me by tomorrow evening.
(3) A Letter is going have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening.
 (4) Ten pens are going have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening.
(5) A Story is going have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening.

Negative - Active

 Syntax : Subject + am /is /are+ not + going to + have + V3 + object + other

words
Example (1) Stephy is not going to have played Tennis by tomorrow evening.
(2) I am not going to have read an English by tomorrow evening.
(3) Arav is not going to have written a letter by tomorrow evening.
(4) Sheela is not going to have bought ten pens by tomorrow evening.
(5) Meera is not going to have told a story by tomorrow evening.

Negative- Active
Negative - Passive
 Syntax : Object + am/is/are+ not + going to + have + been + V3 + by + Subject
+ other words

Example (1) Tennis is not going to have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening.
(2) An English is not going to have been read by me by tomorrow evening.
(3) A Letter is not going have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening.
(4) Ten pens are not going have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening.
(5) A Story is not going have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening.

Interrogative - Active
 Syntax
PppppPassivePassive
: Am /Is /Are + Subject + going to + have + V3 + object + other words + ?
Example (1) Is Stephy going to have played Tennis by tomorrow evening?
(2) Am I going to have read an English by tomorrow evening?
(3) Is Arav going to have written a letter by tomorrow evening?
(4) Is Sheela going to have bought ten pens by tomorrow evening?
(5) Is Meera going to have told a story by tomorrow evening?
 Interrogative - Passive
PppppPassivePassive
 Syntax : Am/Is/Are + Object + going to + have + been + V3 + by + Subject +
other words + ?

Example (1) Is Tennis is going to have been played by Stephy by tomorrow evening?
(2) Is An English is going have been read by me by tomorrow evening?
(3) Is A Letter is going have been written by Arav by tomorrow evening?
(4) Are Ten pens are going have been bought by Sheela by tomorrow evening?
(5) Is A Story is going have been told by Meera by tomorrow evening?