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24java Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a fundamental OOP concept that involves making class fields private and providing public methods for access, thus hiding the internal data. This technique allows for controlled access to data, enhancing maintainability, flexibility, and extensibility of code. The document includes an example demonstrating how to implement encapsulation in Java using getter and setter methods.

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18 views2 pages

24java Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a fundamental OOP concept that involves making class fields private and providing public methods for access, thus hiding the internal data. This technique allows for controlled access to data, enhancing maintainability, flexibility, and extensibility of code. The document includes an example demonstrating how to implement encapsulation in Java using getter and setter methods.

Uploaded by

pyvbvaraprasad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JAVA - ENCAPSULATION

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_encapsulation.htm Copyright © tutorials point.com

Encapsulat ion is one of t he four fundament al OOP concept s. The ot her t hree are inherit ance,
polymorphism, and abst ract ion.

Encapsulat ion is t he t echnique of making t he fields in a class privat e and providing access t o t he
fields via public met hods. If a field is declared privat e, it cannot be accessed by anyone out side t he
class, t hereby hiding t he fields wit hin t he class. For t his reason, encapsulat ion is also referred t o as
dat a hiding.

Encapsulat ion can be described as a prot ect ive barrier t hat prevent s t he code and dat a being
randomly accessed by ot her code defined out side t he class. Access t o t he dat a and code is t ight ly
cont rolled by an int erface.

The main benefit of encapsulat ion is t he abilit y t o modify our implement ed code wit hout breaking
t he code of ot hers who use our code. Wit h t his feat ure Encapsulat ion gives maint ainabilit y, flexibilit y
and ext ensibilit y t o our code.

Example:
Let us look at an example t hat depict s encapsulat ion:

/* File name : EncapTest.java */


public class EncapTest{

private String name;


private String idNum;
private int age;

public int getAge(){


return age;
}

public String getName(){


return name;
}

public String getIdNum(){


return idNum;
}

public void setAge( int newAge){


age = newAge;
}

public void setName(String newName){


name = newName;
}

public void setIdNum( String newId){


idNum = newId;
}
}

The public met hods are t he access point s t o t his class' fields from t he out side java world. Normally,
t hese met hods are referred as get t ers and set t ers. Therefore any class t hat want s t o access t he
variables should access t hem t hrough t hese get t ers and set t ers.

The variables of t he EncapTest class can be access as below::

/* File name : RunEncap.java */


public class RunEncap{

public static void main(String args[]){


EncapTest encap = new EncapTest();
encap.setName("James");
encap.setAge(20);
encap.setIdNum("12343ms");

System.out.print("Name : " + encap.getName()+


" Age : "+ encap.getAge());
}
}

This would produce t he following result :

Name : James Age : 20

Benefit s of Encapsulat ion:


The fields of a class can be made read-only or writ e-only.

A class can have t ot al cont rol over what is st ored in it s fields.

The users of a class do not know how t he class st ores it s dat a. A class can change t he dat a
t ype of a field and users of t he class do not need t o change any of t heir code.

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