a ee “ution 2 Windows XP - Manage Files and Folders es two tools for managing your folders and files My Computer Windows provide quick access to your disks and and Windows Explorer. My Computer provides folders, displaying icons for all the disks on your computer. Windows Explorer is ‘a better tool for copying and moving files and managing your folders. 2.1_ The File System Microsoft Windows has a very efficient file management system that allows you to keep your computer organized. The smallest component of this system is file. Note : File is defined as “A collection of related data stored into one group on a disk." | The files are kept in a folder. A folder is similar to a drawer in which you keep all files. Note : A folder is defined as ‘A collection of files and subfolders organized by the user’ in folders or subfolders, and subfolders belong in folder. But where do Folders belong in any removable or Permanent storage device, like‘i 's Views ; 2.2.1 The Windows ead abe the folders information in = Windows explorer allows pect sesci: ae different ways or Views 10 fa I gion, Ae ies | ityou click on the arrow of the [Gi Re scure 23 tend with the following options will apPeAr lareese | | Details Ld FIGURE 2.3 1. Tiles The files and folders are shown with larg size in KB. The elements are. organized one next to the other from left to right. With this view, it is easier to see the name of the elements, and to select them as shown in figure 2.4 2. Icons The files are Tepresented with an icon smaller than a tile. The only information shown ig the name ofthe file as _ shown in figure 2.5 ¢ images with the name, file type and Qu OF Powe ore (GE Mime Om: OB ipas ons Fe4, Click Windows Explorer. Windows Explorer displays two columns as shown in figure 2.2 The left-hand side in umn is a list ofall the folders available on your computer. The right hand column col displays the contents of the currently selected folder. Folders List Contents of the Currently Selected folder FIGURE 2.2 Windows Explorer can be used for {@) Viewing the Files of a Specified Folder. (b) Creating and Deleting Folders (c) Deleting Files. (@) Copying Files or Folders. ) Moving Files or Folders. Changing the name of a File or Folder. Showing Hidden Files or Folders, Arranging Folders.m, storage devices are represented by disk. In file syst disk is designated a5 k is designated as then it is ) is designated as F? A\drive, hard dis! yy disk, CD oF hard also desingated as D:\drive, a flopP) drives, for example, fOPPY Caldrive (if hard disk is par E:drive and so on.) and CD (or i) windows file structure is shown in fig titioned, \ drive. So, the basis highest level of the hierarchy. You can From, figure 2.1, it is clear that drive iS the but as the number of eating any folders, put all of your files on the drive without or find a file. So we create folders and files increases, then it becomes very difficult tO put related material together in a folder. Drive C (Root Directory) Click on Start Button, Select All Programs, ~ Select Accessories,nd Folder Commands ae sh yaa Moving Ge Pigsspod 1 (TO move a file or folder) +. InMy Computer or Winclows Explorer, Sel F you want to move. 2, Onthe Edit menus 3, Open the folder or disk, where you want to place the files or folders, On the Edit menu, click Paste. To select more than one files or folders, hold down the CTRL key and then click the items you want. To select the continuous files or folders, click the first le or folder, hold down the Shift key and then click the last file or folder. e Shortcut key for Cut is CTRL + X Shortcut key for Paste is CTRL + V 2 Koy2.3 jon of the = =——_ nail representatl mage’ as jpg.ipea bmp. aitetc 2.3.1 FIGURE 2.8 6. Filmstrip You can use the filmstrip toolbar buttons to select the previous and next pictures in the filmstrip or work with the selected lure. You can view your pictures 8 a filmstrip in any My Pictures subfolder or any folder customized as a Pictures folder as shown in figure 2.9 = DF Powe (1mOn thi by dragging them to the desired loc ion. 3. List Shows small icons, ‘one below the other, so it's easier to search by name. On this view, only the name of the file or folder appears as shown in figure 2.6 4. Details is view, as welll as on the tiles, we can c nge the folde 3 objects position FIGURE 2.6 Icons are shown one below the other, with some of their properties. This type is used when we want to find an element with certain characteristics, 2, file type, date of modification as shown in figure 2.7 an 610 on aman 80h ens wae Poe 99 1:0 stor Folders Js petere Fl etnod t A o 6) you want odeite windows EXPO‘ ick the file(s) OF folder(s) ¥ ter or WIP ee nyooree on the Fil tok Date 2 g Shorteut Menu) Jelete Method 2 (usin 4. Select the 2. Right click on th 3, Click Delete. Note : in Windows XP, | My Computer, then left panel. We can also like Move, Copy, Rename, Tasks. you want 10 4 ears. jes or folders or folder, @ Sho! rtcut menu apP' 19 selected file file(s) or folder(s) using ‘asks also appears on the and folder command ile and Folder it we select the le and Folder Te perform various file delete etc. using 2.3.6 Properties To change file or folder properties. 4. In My Com; i puter or Windows Explo' rer, properties you want to change. ee lle or folder whose 2 On the File menu, click Properties. 3, Enter an y change in the pro 2. Finally, Click OK. erties dialog box.ag and Moving the File Using Drag an 3 copyins '& Drag and Drop Metho, a steps are gelect the file(s) you want to copy or move. | sta down one of he following keys ctrl to copy the files. shift to move the files prag the selected files towards the destination folder. 3 Move the mouse over the destination folder, release the mouse button and windows Clipboard the Windows Clipboard is a temporary storage area in the Computer's memory that is used to store the last item cut or copied when you use the Cut or Copy Commands in any application ant 3) 23.4 Rename a File or Folder Method 1 ime file or folder ‘My Computer or Windows Explorer, click the file or folder you want to rename File menu, click Rename. mew name and then press Enter Key. Shortcut Menu) ‘or folders you want to move rename. selected file or folder. A shortcut menu appears as shown in fig 2.9 and press Enter Key. 7oe 3.3 ¢ < es (or folders) ou want to piace 2 files ( i as menu appears it, whe! Ider, $I shortcut ne sotocted 1 open the i jick on the blank ¢ 5, Right c min fig" again as show! Click Paste- 2.3.2 Copying Method 1 copy the files or folders are ws Expl ‘Steps to 1 file(s) OF folder(s) you wan i lick th 1. InMy Computer or Windo Jorer, C! to copy. 2 Onthe Edit menu, click Copy: disk, where you want to put the COPY of file(s) or folder(s, 3. Open the folder or 4, Onthe Edit menu, click Paste. Note; © — Selectmore then one files or folders, holddownthe CTRL => 3 keys then click the items you want. be Shortcut key for Copy is CTRL + C. Method 2 (Using Shortcut Menu) 1. Select the files (or folders) you want to Copy. 2, — Right click on the last selected file. Shortcut figure 2.9 menu appears as shown in %gai peated Sonne Bee = Biv omnee en 1 Zoweronees Suerte Sanne FIGURE 2.12 3, Select Sent To option. Click on Desktop (create shortcut) to create a shortcut on the desktop. The shortcut icon appears on the desktop. You can simply double - click the shorteut icon to open the file from Desktop.nit. jo-click to ope! want to open viles And Folders 2.3.9 Working With Frequently used File ee ts and progral fou can quickly open docume’ Youcenini st recently, 0 that ur desktop is 2 & ms that you use often. Te Start menu you can quickly ¥ onvenient place for eopen them. The 4s the douments used MO: you to store My Documents folder on YO frequently used files and folders. 2.4 To Create A Shortcut To A File For easy access oa ile hat you use frequently, you can also create a shortcut to it. A shorteut doesn't change the location of afile. The shortcut is just a pointer or link that lets you open the fle quickly. If you delete the shortcut, the original file isn't deleted. <=> a) Note : A shortcuts a link to a file or a folder, (or an application) from a | convenient location, such as the desktop. if you create a file sh jortcut on the Deskto P, you can Shortcut icon to open the file right from there oe tr Method 1 Steps to Create a fi : le shortcut on the 4 desktop a re: Open the location ere file is store elect the desire e. Where fi Stored and select the q fi i d file. 40(On the File menu, poi ick Folder. 3% 4. Typea folder name, and then Enter Key. The new folder appears in the Method 2 iternatively 4. Right click on the blank area of the desktop or folder in which you want to create a new folder. 2 ADialog box appears as shown in figure 2.11 3. Choose the option New then Folder. 4, Type a folder name and press Enter Key. a Shorteut B Briefcase [8] corel PHOTO-PAINT 5.0 Image [®) coreipRaw 5.0 Graphic H CorlRAV.E, 2.0 {B) microsoft Word Document $B Pecetaker 6.5 Publeation BB Pacettaker 6,0 Pubkcation BB Pogetater 7.0 Pubteation @) Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation BE Adobe Photoshop image BD) Text Document $B) microsoft Excel Worksheot DB wiz Fie FIGURE 2.11 39FIGURE 2.16 3. Select the typeof file, we are searching for. For example, click the Documents (word processing, spreadsheet, etc.) hyperlink. A new dialog box will open as shown in figure 2.17 44‘Anew dialog box appear as show name of Shortout. ick Next to Enter the jn figure 2.15 ee Type aname for tis shortcut Gk rish to create the shorteut FIGURE 2.15 Enter the name for the Shortcut and Click Finish. 8 _ Theshoricut icon appears at the desired location Double click on the shortcut icon to open it. hing (or finding) Files and Folder h Companion is an application introduced in Windows XP to help you locate folders on your computer. You can search for any type of files from your ras well as a computer from the network. Steps to search for a particular Start button. fo open search companion as shown in figure 2.16The 4 Create ShortcutDrag these from File Browser pane desired folder oF file on left side as show! elect the 1s to ISO1_DVD pane that i 4 selected files oF fo1de" geass AO FIGURE 2.21 5. Glick on Burn button. Burn Compliation dialog box appears as shown in figure 2.22 | | Cite mercer | Dopwayna tele boven L FIGURE 2.22 =!and Click or FIGURE 2.19 3, Click on New button. IS01_DVD - Nero Burning ROM dialog box appears ‘as shown in figure 2.20Enter the necessary information for a file soarch, Type the full oF partial fil name in the text box. For example type student.dos. Click the Search button. rch results in the control (The right pane 6 Windows will display the s or side of the search results window) as shown in figure 2.18. This is exactly the files, we were looking for. FIGURE 2.18 7. Tofinish searching, click on Yes, finished searching hyperlink = Burning CD or DVD b ming a CD means storing data on a blank CD. That data could be music, photos, ‘Or computer files. You must have a CD-ROM drive in your computer that is k le of burning CD's. Note ; Blank CD's come in two different flavors. The first one is called CD-R (CD Recordable). The other one is called CD-RW (CD Re-Writeable). Therefore, CD-RW is reusable, just like the old floppy disks.ped under the geners vt the computer more FUN ang ries, tat wil sats because mey are small a heading of Access oe ae some basic Accessories: specialized proat | 3.2_ Paint into pictures. You can create You can use Paint to transform your mental image’ beautitl and colourtl drawing by using Paint. Youcan create logos for your busines; laters, ereate you own clip art, and even paint pictures for You home or office. And if you have kids, they wil spend hours playing with Paint and using it to create illustration for their class-room reports. How to Start the Paint? Tie 8 1. Click on Start i Button. 2. Point to All a Programs, le 3. Pointto pa) Accessories. 4, Click on Paint sat You will see the screen as ‘shown in figure 3.1 s e tools.nin figure Exercise short Answer Type Questions Define File. Define a Folder. tate the steps to move a File or Folder state the steps to copy a File or Folder State the steps to delete a File or Folder state the steps to rename a File or Folder state the steps to open a File or Folder Write the steps to create a Shortcut to a file Waite the steps to create a Folder. 40. What are the purposes of the Window Explorer? Long Answer Type Questions os 4. Explain the purpose of Window Explorer. 2, _Exlain the following File Commands. © PNPM SHH (a) Moving (b) Copying (c) Properties Rename Explain the steps to move a file using drag and drop method. can you Locate a File or Folder from the Computer ? [rite the Steps to Create a Shortcut to a File. lain various Views of Windows Explorer. various steps to Burn a CD or DVD. goa 49FIGURE 2.23 ing dialog box appears as ion of the process, We get the following 7. _ After completion of shown in figure 2.24 sets a [mT ev | cc7:200 caching oes started ‘7:30 M Caching of Fles completed (7:30PM Burn process started at 16x (22,160 KBs) 6:07:52 PM Wing short lead-out FIGURE 2.24 Finally, Click OK.3.2 ‘as shown below in figure ‘you will see the screen stion, rea, peat FIGURE 3.2 3.3.1 Components of Word Pad 1, Title Bar Menu Bar wy Standard Toolbar INext to menu bar you will see a bar with some buttons, which are shortcuts to menu options. This bar is called Standard toolbar. nat Toolbar buttons for formatting text. ‘@ measuring tool. To toggle the display of the ruler ON and OFF, ick RULER. ition relevant to the task in progress.as magnification ness. sto draw in the document area n 4 the selected tool. Repesy Choosing a Too! ‘on the tool to select i are lour in the colour box. To choose the foreground c und colour, right ‘olour, click on a col a colour in the colour box. lick on 2 Tocchoose a backgrot 33 Word Pad [4 Word Pad is a Word Processor. Word Pad is used to process the textual information including typing, editing, formatting and printing. Word Pad is more powerful than Notepad and less powerful than MS Word. Words are processed and the sp: are corrected and the words are made to look beautiful. You all are fami lar Process of opening Paint. Similarly you can open Word Pad, th the How to Start Word Pad? 1. Click on Start Button 2. Point to All Programs, 3 Point to Accessories, Click on Word Pag,—— CO cription to cut an object or portion of an object. \\ to cut the object in a rectangle. to erase the extra lines. | to fill the colour in the object. Pickup a colour on your painting, | to make the object look bigger when placedonit. | to drawn free hand drawing. | to paint the object you want. It works like a spraying brush. to write any text like heading of your drawing, to draw a straight line. to draw curve. to draw rectangle. to draw many sided figure. to draw an egg shaped object. to draw a rectangle with rounded corners.bar, @ fe sia i yyed, buttons with numbers displa perform calculations wt Calculator? How to Stat 4. Click on Start Button 2. Point io All Programs. 3. Point to Accessories. 4. Click on Calculator. Z Types of Calculator There are two types of Calculator (a) Standard : Used to perform simple calculations. FIGURE 3.6 (6) Scientific : Used to perform scientific calculations. Choose the option Standard or Scientific from View menu of the calculator. Steps to perform a Simple Calculation 1. Enter the first ‘number in the calculation, 2. Click +to add, - to Subtract, * to Multiply, or / to divide, 3. Enter the next number in the Calculation, f 4. Enter any remaining Operators FS and numb, 5. To See the result, Click = button, 4the line i Click selects the paragraph Double-click Hold down Ctrl and click _ selects the whole document To cancel a selection, click outside it. cc. Applying styles to characters 4, Select the text which needs formatting. 2 Display the Format toolbar, ifitis not already visible (View - Format Bar). 3, Glick the buttons corresponding to the style you want to apply (or remove) available on format toolbar. p. changing the font/size 4, Select the text concerned. 2, _Openthe Font drop-down list in format toolbar, and select the font to apply: TimesNewRomanPS Tms Amn ord rd fp Transits21 BT (Turkish) Ip Transit621 BT (Western) Ip Trebuchet MS (Central European) Ip Trebuchet MS (Turkish) Trebuchet MS Tiideve : Tw Cen MT (Central European) FIGURE 3.5 lect the size. colour to characters the characters concerned. lour button then select the colour of your choice.invarion PON! ‘cursor : FIGURE 3.3 3.3.2 Basic Operations A. Entering text 1. Put the insertion point where you want to start typing. 2. Enter the text. There is no need to worry about ends of lines, the wor Processor moves the insertion point to a new line every time the wo; YoU are typing go beyond the right margin. 3 Atthe end of the paragraph, press Enter. B. Selecting text ) and continue as 2 Entertheten. Th ‘Osta typing the insertion point t¢ 2 M2 988d to wor about magn, "POM NOW Tin every tara ert 28 the word proces ‘ : 91 are typing go bey; ph, prdows Media Player? How to Start Win steps are 1, Glick on Start button 2, Point to All Programs 3. Point to Accessories 4, Point to Entertainment 5, Glick on Windows Media Player Glick on the Windows Media Player. ‘The Windows Media Player appears as shown in figure 3.9 Move Forward or Move backward in a song Skips back t previous song Skips to the next song or video FIGURE 3.9 a CD or songs that are saved to the hard drive are : playing. ile menu and select Open option.(a) To Record a Sound Steps are : lick on File menu, select New option. To begin recording, cick on Record EI button. 2 3, Tostop recording, click stop [f=] button. 4, To save the recorded sound, Select Save option from File menu. Save dialog box appears. 5. Type the name of File and press Enter Key. (6) To Play a Sound Steps are : 1. Select Open option from the File menu. Open dialog box wi appear . 2. Double click on the desired ‘sound file. 3. Glick play [55] button t to st f tart playing the sound Click ste top [3 button to stop playig the ‘sound. ue Windows Media Player5 Note Pad 2 Note Pad is a small text editor for reading and writing short length text file. You can use Note Pad to create or edit text files that do not require formatting and are smaller than 64 k. ‘These files cannot contain pictures or other objects. Notepad is also used as a = source code editor for creating HTML files. 2 How to Start Note Pad ? ill be pres er to 1, Glick on Start Button. roy con ute Notepad fo creat or edt fet fles that do ot require formatting and are smaller. 2, Point to All Programs. 3 Point to Accessories. 4, Click on Note Pad. FIGURE 3.7 You can type the text and save the file similar to WordPad. Entertainment Tools on Start Button. to All Programs. [to Accessories. Sound Recorder.System Tools k using a 41 Introduction This category of accessories are there to enhance the working of the computer with diferent tools which not only speed up the computer but also keeps the system clean of any unwanted elements. How to start System Tools : 1. Click on Start button 2 Point to All Programs 3. Point to Accessories 4. Point to System Tools Disk Cleanup etc. Nn, we will discuss some major System Tools Glick any desired system tool like Character Map, r Ma Map is useful to Insert Symbols that you do not have on the keyboard. character Map you need to Click Start and Select All Programs. Accessories and then System Tools. Finally, Select Character r Map dialog box appears as shown in figure 4.1FIGURE 3.10 owadust the volume accordingly to your requirement. pyere9@ ‘Short Answer Type Questions 4, What is the purpose of Paint? White the steps to start the Paint. the components of Paint Window. at is the purpose of Word Pad? components of Word Pad Window.” ou select a line in Word Pad? s to change the Font of a text in Word Pad. 2 purpose of Calculator? perform a simple calculation using calculator. pose of Note Pad? impose of Sound Recorder? of Volumne Control Tool.I. SONGS Use, to sel yf the window in list form. fe of ple-cick itand tw! be: ince the media We menu sin . the Fi video being played eerie list For example to the previous Ie 2, The (BEAL button skips back from song 7 to song 6- 3, The JEG button is used to skip to e by dragging ideo on our play! the next song OF V! bar. 4. You can also control the Volum the volume | 3.6.3 Volume Control {A tool for setting the volume of speakers, microphon es, and other audio input and output devices. How to Start Volume Control ? 1. Click on Start Button. 2. Point to All Programs. 3. — Point to Accessories. Click on Volume Contro}, Master Vol it lume Window appears 8 shown in fi igure 3.10,Cries con 5812 be9 0008197 Cee nt FIGURE 4.4 on the right side the information of th tion window you can see .g on [Gj each category is displayed. P (On System Informati ide. By Clickin: selected element on the left si displays current system information on th orrect you computer. |i This System tool 1e monitor. This comman ily used by the people who are supposed t0 o n he is troubleshooting you is mi the specific information about your computer whe! configuration. It quickly finds the data that is needed to resolve your system problem 45 The Scandisk This too! is used to Search Errors in the System's units and to tepair those en TOTS Normally, when the com ? iputer is turned on afte ler being turned off abruptly (withou Using the option Shuts down from the Start mi lenu) the Scandisk ch : leck the system and repair any error that it mea is launched ind. This tool is usually used when you hi lave 6you want to free spac: from Click OK Select the desired drive from whi 2 shown in figure 4.3 Disk cleanup dialog box appears Omnnom) ‘isk Geanap | More Optons

| None {Ee FIGURE (3) Enter the name of favorite “ (4) Click ox.FIGURE 4.24 @)_ Select the desired folder or name of webpage @) Click Save wld Saving an image from the web Steps are : (i) Move your cursor over the desired image or graphic. (2) Click the right mouse button. A pop-up box appears as shown in figure 4.25. ‘Open Link (Open Link in New Window Save Target As... Print Target Open this fink in a new tab [> Bookmark this ink IM this ink to Friend ~} BB email this ink to Friend FIGURE 4.25ure 4.23 ext Sit ean cHansin’ oe wu appears opt OS rat ale? click Vi a) Too vpowee OM cero Goro stop S refresh 5 Google Encodeo FIGURE 4.23 (2) Select the desired text size from this submenu. 4117 Printing a Webpage Steps are : (1) Select the portion of webpage. There is no need to select the text, if you w to print complete document. (2) Click at Print button on toolbar or click File Print. (3) _ Print dialog box appears. Click Print button to Print. 411.8 Saving a Webpage Steps are : (1) Click on File > Save As . Save dialoy 1g box appears asFirst ‘Vacuum tubes; electromagnetic relay Machine and assembly languages: | Bulky in size; ENIAC, EY) (1942-1955) _} memory: punched cards secondary "| stored program concept; mostly highly unreliable; EDSAC, UNIVAC I, BM torage ‘scientific applications limited commercial use; commercial 701 3 production difficult and costly; difficult 1 use Second Transistors; magnetic core memory; | Batch operati neywel : e mory; | Batch operating sysiems; high-level | | Faster, smaller, more reliable and easier to, | HegeYwell 400, [BM (1955-1964) | magnetic tapes and disks secondary | programming language program than previous generation systems; CDC 1604, storage scientific and commercial commercial production was still difficult and /|'UNIVAC LARC applications contly Third ICs with SStand MSt technologies; | Timesharing operating system: Faster, smaller, more reliable, easier and | IBM 360/370, PDP-8, (1964-1975) | larger magnetic core memory; larger | standardization of high-level ‘cheaper to produce commercially, easier to | PDP-11, CDC 6600 ‘capacity magnetic disks and tapes secondary storage; minicomputers programming languages; ‘unbundling of software from hardware use, and easier to upgrade than previous ‘Beneration systems; scientific, commercial and interactive on-line applications Fourth (1975-1989) ICs with VLSI technology; microprocessors; semiconductor in-built secondary storage; magnetic tapes and floppy disks as portable storage media; personal computers; spread of high-speed computer networks memory; larger capacity hard disks as. Operating systems for PCs; GUI; multiple windows on a single terminal screen; multiprocessor operating systems and concurrent programming languages; UNIX ‘operating system; Cand C++ programming languages; PC-based applications; network- based applications; object-oriented software design Small, affordable, reliable, and easy to use PCs; ‘more powerful and reliable mainframe systems; IBM PC and its clones, Apple Il, TRS-80, VAX 9000, CRAY-1, CRAY-2, CRAY-X/MP ‘general purpose machines; easier to produce ‘commercially Fifth (1989-Present) ICs with ULSI technology; multicore processor chips; larger capacity main ‘memory; larger capacity hard disks; optical disks as portable read-only storage media; notebook computers; powerful desktop PCs and workstation: very powerful mainframes; supercomputers based on parallel processing; the Intemet ———— World Wide Web; multimedia applications; Internet-based applications; Microkernel, multithreading, and multicore ‘operating systems; JAVA programming language; MPI and PYM libraries for parallel programming Portable computers; more powerful, cheaper, reliable, and easier to use desktop machines; very powerful mainframes; very high uptime due to hot-pluggable components; general purpose machines; easier to produce ‘commercially IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs, SUN Workstations, IBM SP/2, SGI Origin 2000, PARAM, supercomputers Figure 1.5. Computer generations — A summary.galog BOX aPPeArs wat is the purpose of Disk Ci what is the purpose of System what is the purpose of Scandisk Toot? What is the purpose of Disk Defragmenter Tool? What is the purpose of Clipbook Viewer? What is the purpose of Drive Space? What do you mean by web browser? Give any four names of web browser. = | What do you mean by Microsoft Internet Explorer? What is the purpose of title bar of Internet explorer. je and click Q What are the various option of control box of internet explorer? } 12. Long Answer Type Questions 4, Explain various System Tools in brief. 2 Explain various steps to Scan a disk using Scandisk Tool. Explain various steps to take the backup of important data it later. Steps "Explain various components of Microsoft Internet Explorer Window Wiite the various steps of set up the homepage of Internet Explorer. ite the steps of change the history days of Internet explorer. in the steps to search a website using web browser. the steps to save an image from the web. in the steps to add a favourite in internet explorer.