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Motivation

The document discusses various aspects of motivation, including self-motivation strategies and several motivation theories such as McGregor's Theory X and Y, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. It emphasizes the importance of setting goals, developing expertise, and understanding different motivational factors that influence behavior. Additionally, it covers concepts like the Expectancy Theory, Equity Theory, and Reinforcement Theory, highlighting how these theories can be applied to enhance motivation in individuals.

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Akmal Raza Ali
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6 views11 pages

Motivation

The document discusses various aspects of motivation, including self-motivation strategies and several motivation theories such as McGregor's Theory X and Y, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. It emphasizes the importance of setting goals, developing expertise, and understanding different motivational factors that influence behavior. Additionally, it covers concepts like the Expectancy Theory, Equity Theory, and Reinforcement Theory, highlighting how these theories can be applied to enhance motivation in individuals.

Uploaded by

Akmal Raza Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motivation

Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs,
wishes and similar forces

Self Motivation

1. Set a goal for yourself and do not lose sight of it.


2. Supplement your long term objectives with short term goals and specific actions.
3. Learn a challenging new task each year.
4. Make your job a different one. Set improvement objectives for your position.
5. Develop an area of expertise. Build on your strengths or develop one of your weaknesses
into strength.
6. Give your feedback and reward yourself.
Motivation Theories
Theory X and Theory Y: McGregor

Theory X Theory Y
Traditional Self direction, self controll
Inherent dislike of work
Coerced, controlled, directed,
threatened, punishment
Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs

Self
Actualization

Esteem Need

Affiliation or Acceptance
need

Security or safety need

Physiological need
Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Growth

Relatedness

Existence
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Motivators
Challenging work,
Achievements, Growth in job,
Responsibility, Advancement,
Recognition

Maintenance or Hygiene factor


Interpersonal relations,
company policy, working
condition, job security, salary
Motivators Self Growth
Actualiz
ation

Esteem
Need

Hygiene/ Affiliation or Relatedness


Maintenance Acceptance
need

Security or safety Existence


need

Physiological need
The Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Victor H. Vroom

Force= Valence × Expectancy


Force= Strength of person’s motivation
Valence= Strength of individuals preference for an outcome
Expectancy= Probability that a particular action will lead to a desired outcome
Equity Theory of Motivation: J. Stacy Adams

Dissatisfaction,
Inequitable Reduced
reward output

Continuation
Balance or
Equitable at same level
imbalance of
reward of output
rewards

More than Harder work


equitable Reward
reward discounted
Goal Setting Theory of Motivation

Planning Objectives must be


Actions •Meaningful
•Clear
•Attainable
•verifiable

Setting Implemen
Objectives MBO tations

Control
and
appraisal
Reinforcement Theory: B. F. Skinner

Individuals can be motivated by proper design of their work


environment and by praise of their performance, while
punishment for poor performance produces negative results.
McClelland’s Needs Theory of Motivation

Need for achievement


Set moderate difficult goal,
realistic approach,
Need for affiliation
Social relationship, intimacy,
understanding

Need for power


Influence, control, seek
positions, forceful, demanding

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