GE Power & Water powergen.gepower.

com

2015

POWER GENERATION
PRODUCTS CATALOG
 POWERing 2015

Power Generation Products

Building on a rich history of innovation and technology leadership, GE
Power Generation Products is the global industry leader in efficient, clean,
and cost effective conversion of fuels to power. For over a century, GE has
invested in the research and development of gas turbine, steam turbine,
generator, and controls technology. GE power generation products serve
in applications ranging from small, industrial cogeneration to highly
efficient, utility scale power plants. With an installed base of more than
10,000 gas turbine and steam turbine generating units, representing
over a million megawatts (MW) of installed capacity in more than 120
countries, our products demonstrate reliability and performance our
customers depend on for their success.

Register your catalog at gepower.com/pgcatalog to receive

updates throughout the year.

Copyright 2015 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical,
manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the General Electric Company. All comparative statements are with respect to GE technology unless otherwise stated.
2
CONTENTS
POWERing the World … an Industry Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

GE Power Generation Technology Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Power Plant Excellence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Topping Cycle Offerings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

50 Hz Heavy Duty Gas Turbines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
60 Hz Heavy Duty Gas Turbines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fuels and Combustion Technology Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Bottoming Cycle Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

HRSG Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Non-Reheat Steam Turbines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Reheat Steam Turbines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Heat Rejection System Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Electrical Conversion Offerings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Air Cooled Generators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Hydrogen Cooled Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Water Cooled Generators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Plant Integration and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Controls and Software Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Electrical Protection and Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Power Generation Validation Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

3
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I POWERing the World … an Industry Overview

POWERing the World …

An Industry Overview

Growth in Power Demand

Power demand is growing globally, and access to reliable, Today’s electricity generation is provided through a global
affordable electricity is a critical enabler for economic growth installed base of 5,800 GW of power generation capacity. Due
and quality of life. Drivers for this include annual population to environmental and regulatory changes as well as aging and
growth of 1.3%, global annual GDP growth of 3.0%, and a partial changing economics of existing assets, 500 GW are expected
offsetting effect of increasing demand-side energy efficiencies to retire over the next decade. New power plants totaling 2,800
that could reduce energy demand by as much as 4,000 TWh/y GW are forecasted to be added to power grids, growing at 4.3%
by 2023. Net of these efficiency savings, global electrical energy CAGR globally over the decade, bringing the installed capacity
demand is forecasted to grow by 3.0% CAGR over the decade to 8,100 GW by 2023.
from 23,000 to 31,000 TWh/y.

Energy (TWh/y) Drivers

Additional Energy Efficiency Energy:
4,000
Energy Demand • Economic Growth (GDP)
31,000
•P
 opulation Growth
23,000
3.0% CAGR •D
 emand-Side Efficiency
Net of
Efficiency Capacity:
• Environmental Policy
•E
 conomic Displacement
2013 2023
•P
 eak Demand Growth
Capacity (GW) •F
 uel Availability and Price
600 8,100
Non-Grid Connected
2,800
Grid Connected Capacity
5,800
5,300

-500
4.3% CAGR
with
Retirements

2013 RETIRED ADDITIONS 2023

Sources: World Bank, IEA, IHS, EIA, EPRI, Navigant, Brattle, GE Marketing.

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 POWER ing 2015

Natural Gas Leading in Capacity and Generation Growth

For the first time in history, more gas-fired power generation capacity is forecasted to be added
over the next decade than from any other fuel source, including coal. One quarter of all capacity
additions forecasted over the decade will be gas generation. And by 2023, one quarter of the
electrical energy produced will come from natural gas, a 50 percent increase, and the largest
increase of any power generation fuel source compared with 2013.
31,000 TWh
500
Renewables 3,300 11%
23,000 TWh Oil 2%
Geothermal + Biomass
1,300 1,000 Hydro 1% Nuclear 3,700 12%

Renewables 6% Nuclear 5%
Oil 4% 6% Coal
Hydro 4,200 14%
23%
Nuclear 2,600 11% Solar
9%
Hydro 3,600 16%
Gas 7,600 25%
(∆ +2,500)
Gas 5,100 22%
Wind
13%

Coal 11,700 38%

Coal 9,800 42% Gas
25%
Oil
18%

Energy 2013 3,400 GW Capacity Additions Energy 2023

(includes 600 GW of non-grid connected capacity orders)

Sources: IEA, IHS, EIA, EPRI, Navigant, Brattle, GE Marketing.

Advantages of Gas Generation …

Efficient Use of Land Efficient Use of Capital Efficient Use of Fuel

80 MW/ACRE $500-$1000/kW
Highest in the Industry Lowest in Industry-Size Economies
1 pt of efficiency =
$50MM
• Nuclear. . . ~30 MW/acre • Solar. . . . . . . ~$1500/kW of fuel savings
• Coal. . . . . . . . . ~2 MW/acre
• Solar. . . . . . . ~1 MW/acre
• Wind. . . . . . . <1 MW/acre
• Wind. . . . . . . ~$1600/kW
• Coal. . . . . . . . . ~$2500/kW
• Nuclear. . . ~$5000/kW
over
10 YEARS
Fast Power Cleaner There when you need it
Online as fast as
6 MONTHS Half the CO2 of Coal DISPATCHABLE
Simple Cycle Gas
Lower Environmental Impact FLEXIBLE POWER
• Wind. . . . . . . 48% capacity factor
Fastest in the Industry • Solar. . . . . . . 16% capacity factor
• Nuclear. . . ~6 years
• Coal. . . . . . . . . ~4 years
• Wind. . . . . . . ~6 months
• Solar. . . . . . . ~6 months

5
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Power Generation Technology Leadership

POWER GENERATION
Technology Leadership
GE’s 125 year technology heritage steeped in research, development and technological innovation is
unequaled in the power generation industry. The vast experience gained from an installed base of over
1000 GW of power generation equipment, combined with innovations from GE’s Global Research Center
(GRC), drive advancements in materials, aerodynamics, combustion, and cooling technology to continually
enhance the performance of GE’s power generation offerings. As a result, GE has led the industry by
incorporating these technologies to deliver higher efficiency, improved capital cost through economy of
scale, and operational flexibility while maintaining GE’s high standard for reliability and availability. This
ultimately provides a lower cost of electricity with fewer emissions.

Technology Enablement GE Leadership Latest Advancements

Digital Controls • Reduced trips, fewer unplanned outages • Most reliable turbine fleet • Valve electrification
Technology • Low total installed cost with fewer •G  reatest smart instrumentation • Smart instrumentation
wiring and fewer terminations across power plant (FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus)
• Faster commissioning with a shorter • Fully electric valves eliminate gas • Smart motor control centers (MCCs)
install cycle turbine’s hydraulic system • Diagnostic and prognostic
• Greater diagnostic coverage across development
valves and instrumentation • New customer experience
• Preventative maintenance

Combustion • Higher firing temperatures with • First to introduce Dry Low NOx • A xial Fuel Staging (AFS) for lower
lower emissions (NOx, CO) (DLN) combustion NOx and improved load turndown
• Greater turndown while maintaining • Led the industry with combustors • F-class operation on Arabian
emissions compliance capable of single digit NOx Superlight (ASL) crude oil
• Flexibility to utilize a wide range of • More DLN units in service than all • OpFlex* all-load auto tune
available fuels other OEMs combined
• Extended parts lives and intervals • Widest range of demonstrated fuels

Next Generation • Higher firing temperatures with • First to introduce single crystal • Introduction of ceramic matrix
Materials less cooling air materials for power generation use composite (CMC) components for
• Higher steam temperatures • Largest wrought and powder pilot retrofits
• Extended parts lives superalloy wheels in the industry • Advanced thermal barrier coatings
• Introduction of titanium in (TBC) enables a 300°F surface
• Improved reliability temperature increase
compressor for advanced IGTs
• Gas turbine last stage bucket
length increased by 30%

Advanced Aero/ • Increased efficiency of compressors • Full-speed, full-load validation of new • 14-stage compressor for 7F.05 and
Fluid Dynamics and turbines (gas and steam) compressor and gas turbines HA gas turbines
• Enhanced generator cooling with • Unsteady analysis tools and • New state-of-the-art 4-stage turbine
reduced losses computational capability with highly 3D configuration
• Reduced cooling flow requirements (durability and performance) • New low pressure steam turbine
• Strong technology synergy with with advanced last stage bucket
GE Aviation and diffuser

Advanced • Additive technology enables new • Manufacturing of high temperature • Advanced manufacturing center
Manufacturing configurations for higher performance materials and advanced composites in Greenville, SC helps GE focus on
• Increased speed of new technology • High energy joining and material innovation
introduction through rapid prototyping methodologies • Additive manufacturing for
• Advanced Repair Technologies & next generation combustion
Repair Development Center components

6
 POWER ing 2015

Electricity Authority of Cyprus, Vasilikos Power Station, Mari, Cyprus

7
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Power Plant Excellence

POWER PLANT EXCELLENCE

Peak-Performing Products for Optimal Power Plant Systems

GE’s power generation customers power the world. and integrated water and power production
Whether it’s generating electricity for consumers or (IWPP). So, whether the need is for a large
powering industrial growth, the value they deliver baseload, high efficiency plant with fast starting
comes from building and operating the most cost and ramping, or an industrial cogeneration plant
effective and reliable power plants. And that is GE’s that uses nonstandard fuels, GE can create a
mission when it comes to power generation—to solution to fit your needs.
offer peak-performing products and to create the
Power plant configurations are specific to each
best performing power plant systems in the world.
customer’s needs and economic criteria, as well
GE’s gas turbine power plants draw upon a legacy as operating and installation limitations. The right
of more than 60 years of experience. Over that power plant balances the following considerations:
time, heavy duty gas turbines have evolved from Requirements and constraints capture the plant
relatively small, simple peaking machines to much mission and goals, the interface of the plant to
larger engines used in both simple and combined infrastructure, and location-based constraints. They
cycle applications. As gas turbine output, firing are broken down into six major categories: operations,
temperature, and efficiency have increased, so too site, fuel, grid, environmental, and schedule.
have the size, efficiency, and versatility of the power
Physical implementation considers how
plant system. GE continues to develop materials,
the plant is built, operated, and maintained.
cooling, aerodynamics, combustion, and controls
The implementation methods must consider
technologies to advance the very products that
the functional needs of the plant while also
serve as the foundation of these applications.
considering the plant requirements and
GE’s comprehensive and integrated plant constraints, such as logistics.
approach includes a customized power system Function refers to the operation and interaction
with gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, of the five major plant subsystems, which are
controls, HRSGs and accessory systems. This discussed later in this document: the topping
enables GE to meet a diverse range of customer cycle, the bottoming cycle, heat rejection,
operational needs and applications—from electrical conversion, and plant integration.
industrial and utility scale power, to combined Segmenting the plant system in this way helps
heat and power (CHP), district heating (DH), drive performance and cost.
integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC),

8
 POWER ing 2015

While every power plant is unique, there are three categories of plant configuration:

Simple Cycle Single Shaft Multi-Shaft

Applications •P
 eaking power •M
 id-merit to baseload •M
 id-merit to baseload
•E
 mergent power demands •G
 rid connected, utility scale •G
 rid connected, utility scale
(can later be converted to •C
 ombined heat and power •C
 ombined heat and power
combined cycle) (CHP) (CHP)
•M
 echanical drive

Advantages • L owest CAPEX •S

 mallest footprint/highest •H
 ighest efficiency entitlement
•S
 hortest construction cycle power density (MW/m2) •B
 etter part load efficiency
•E
 asily scalable for growth •E
 asily scalable to future •R
 edundancy
required output
•P
 hased construction flexibility
• L ower CAPEX and lower $/kW
compared to multi-shaft •C
 an accommodate large steam
extractions

Disadvantages • L ower efficiency compared • L onger construction cycle •H

 igher CAPEX and higher $/kW
to combined cycle than simple cycle compared to single shaft plant
•H
 igher specific emissions

9
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Power Plant Excellence

PLANT INTEGRATION
Breaking the Plant Down
to Five Parent Systems
CONTROLS

TOPPING CYCLE
GE’s simple and combined cycle power plants are flexible
in their operation and include features such as fast starting
and load ramping, low turndown, and high full- and part-load
ELECTRICAL
efficiencies. This flexibility delivers improved plant
CONVERSION
economics, including:
• Reduced capital costs.
• Reduced operation and maintenance costs.
BOTTOMING CYCLE • Shorter installation times to reduce installation costs and
HEAT REJECTION
produce revenue faster.
• Improved reliability and availability.

Plant Offerings As an example, the auxiliary systems for GE’s HA plants are
largely pre-configured modules that are factory tested, fully
In addition to typical power plant features, the following
assembled, drop-in enclosures that lower field connections,
are options customers commonly choose. GE’s application
piping, and valves. This translates to a simpler installation
engineering teams can configure these and other options to
that reduces field schedule and installation quality risks
accommodate most any requirement:
while improving overall installation times—up to 25% quicker
• Power augmentation through supplemental firing in the HRSG. compared to lesser F-class plants.
• Power augmentation through air inlet cooling.
GE’s integrated systems approach includes analysis and
• Nonstandard fuel capability, including heavy fuel oil. development of not only the power generation equipment
• Indoor, outdoor, or semi-outdoor installation. components but also the balance of plant systems.
Performance and cost are measured at both the component
• Phased combined cycle power plant construction, with or and plant level to increase customer value. GE accomplishes
without a bypass exhaust stack. this by segmenting the plant into five major systems. At the
• Customized installation scope (from equipment, to heart of each system is GE’s power generation offerings:
engineered equipment package, to turnkey). gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, and controls. Each
• Single or multi-pressure steam cycles, both reheat system, and GE’s associated power generation offerings, will
and non-reheat. be discussed in the subsequent sections of this catalog.

• Axial, downward, or side steam exhaust. • Topping cycle – The gas turbine and its dedicated systems.
• Bottoming cycle – The steam turbine, HRSG, condensate,
feed water and associated systems.
• Heat rejection – The systems that reject heat to the
environment.
• Electrical – The systems that produce and export power
to the grid or supply power to plant equipment.
• Plant integration – The systems that support the main
plant equipment in converting fuel to electrical power.

10
 POWER ing 2015

Luojing Baosteel Group LTD., Industrial Steel Mill, Shanghai, China

11
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

TOPPING CYCLE
OFFERINGS
Overview of Scope and Considerations

Comprised of the gas turbine and supporting

accessory systems, the topping cycle is the most
significant and technologically challenging step
in the conversion of fuel to electrical power.
The topping cycle contributes to more than two
thirds of a power plant’s total output and defines
combined cycle efficiency entitlement based on
operating temperature capability.

GE maintains a plant-level view while focusing

on the key considerations for topping cycle
development: performance, emissions, reliability,
and cost. Each of GE’s topping cycle configurations
strike a balance between pressure ratio, firing
temperature, and airflow to achieve optimum
plant performance at world-class emissions levels.
“The heart of a
Most importantly, GE recognizes that these
factors, much like plant requirements and
combined cycle
operating circumstances, vary greatly from power plant is the
customer to customer. As such, GE engages the topping cycle.”
customer early on in the development process
to gain an intimate understanding of needs
and wants. This ensures that the topping cycle
delivered will provide value to the customer, no
matter what the application.

12
 POWER ing 2015

Gas Natural SDG, SA, Plana del Vent Power Plant, Vandellos, Spain
13
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

GAS TURBINE
Portfolio and Overview
Efficient, Flexible, Reliable Power
GE offers the world’s largest range of heavy duty gas turbines—from 44 to 510 MW. Whether for consumer
electrical generation, industrial cogeneration, or mechanical drive applications, GE’s gas turbines bring
proven experience and capability to any power plant. On the cutting edge of gas turbine technology, GE’s
wide array of equipment options can meet even the most challenging power requirements.

Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

.02 510 MW
9HA .01 397 MW
.05 299 MW
9F .04 280 MW
.03 265 MW
.04 143 MW
9E .03 132 MW

.02 337 MW
7HA .01 275 MW
.05 231 MW
7F .04 198 MW

7E .03 91 MW
.03 80 MW
6F .01 51 MW
50 Hz Gas Turbines
60 Hz Gas Turbines
6B .03 44 MW Geared for 50 Hz or 60 Hz

14
 POWER ing 2015

Pioneer in Gas Turbine Technology

Materials Advantage from our Aviation Expertise
GE takes advantage of more than 60 years of material science from our aviation heritage to increase performance at high firing
temperatures. GE was the first to introduce single crystal alloys and devoted 15 years to developing CMCs. These materials provide
longer parts life for lower life cycle costs and higher efficiencies, leading to a cost effective conversion of fuel to electricity.

Half Century of Fuel Research and Testing

GE is the industry leader in burning unconventional gas. We introduced the first F-class gas turbine to use Arabian super light
crude and invented the DLN combustion system more than 30 years ago to reduce emissions.

Validation That Demonstrates Performance

GE built the world’s largest, most powerful off-grid gas turbine testing facility to demonstrate gas turbine operability and
performance before first fire in the field.

44–510 MW … broadest heavy duty gas turbine portfolio in the industry.

GE Introduced E-Class, F-Class, 65

Y
and H-Class Technology to the Industry LOG
N O
CH
Combined Cycle Efficiency %

High-Efficiency H-Class TE
G
•M
 ost cost-effective conversion of natural gas to electricity 60 L IN
in the H-class industry. OO
dC
an H-Class
• I ncludes the world’s largest high efficiency turbine: 510 MW. N
TIO
INTRODUCED

US 2014
•F
 irst H-class gas turbine fleet to reach 220,000 MB
AIR COOLED
55 O
operating hours. ,C INTRODUCED

ALS F-Class 2003

RI STEAM COOLED
Industry-Leading F-Class TE
INTRODUCED
1986
MA E-Class
• I ntroduced F-class technology nearly 30 years ago. INTRODUCED
50 1972
•W
 orld’s largest fleet, with more than 1,100 installed units
2000/1093 2300/1260 2600/1427 2900/1593
and 50 million fired hours in service.
Gas Turbine Firing Temperature °F/°C
• I ndustry’s best reliability at 99.4%.

Reliable B- and E-Class

•R
 ugged and available in the most arduous climates.
• I ndustry-leading fuel flexibility, burning more
than 50 gases and liquids.
•Q
 uick installation for fast-track projects.
•O
 ver 3000 units installed.
•M
 ore than 143 million operating hours.

15
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

HA Gas Turbines
“Toshiba receives combined cycle
“EDF, GE join forces to develop most project order from Hokkaido
flexible and efficient gas-fired Electric Power Co., Inc. powered by
power plant in France.” GE/Toshiba alliance.”

“Toshiba partners
“GE inks more than $500 million power with GE to
“GE power system to Russia.”
equipment order with Exelon.” create a power
generation force.”

First 9H Gas Turbine Enters Commercial Operation First 7H Gas Turbine Enters Commercial Operation

GE Launches the FlexEfficiency 50* Combined Cycle

Full Speed, No Load Testing of the 7H Gas Turbine
Power Plant for 50 Hz Regions that Can Provide More
than 61% Combined Cycle Efficiency

GE Launches the FlexEfficiency 60* Combined

Full Speed, No Load Testing of the 9H Gas Turbine
Cycle Power Plant for 60 Hz Regions that Can
Provide More than 61% Combined Cycle Efficiency

GE Introduces 7HA/9HA Next-Generation

H System* Technology Introduced
of H-Class Machines
2000 2003 2008 2011
GE Begins Development 1998 2012 GE’s H-Class Gas Turbines Achieve
of the H System 1995 200,000 Operating Hours
2014
1992 2014 GE’s Fleet of Heavy Duty Gas
F-Class Technology First
Turbines Achieve 173 Million
Introduced by GE 1990 2014 Operating Hours

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 POWER ing 2015

Platform Product Evolution

Evolutionary Method Reduces Time to Product Introduction

50 Hz
62% 9HA.02
9HA.01

60%
Combined Cycle Net Efficiency (% LHV)

9F.05
9F.04 9H (2007)

9F.03
58%

56%
9F.01 9F.02

54%

52%

9F (1987)

50%
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Gas Turbine Net Output (MW)

60 Hz
62%
7HA.02
7HA.01
60%
Combined Cycle Net Efficiency (% LHV)

7F.05
7H (2007)
7F.04
58%
7FB
7F.03
56%

7F.01
54%

52%

7F (1986)
50%
100 150 200 250 300 350
Gas Turbine Net Output (MW)

17
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

9HA.01/.02 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

The World’s Largest and Most Efficient Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

The 9HA high efficiency, air cooled gas turbine is the industry leader among H-class
offerings. With two available models—the 9HA.01 at 397 MW and the 9HA.02 at
510 MW—customers can select the right capacity to meet their generation needs.
Thanks to a simplified air cooled architecture, advanced materials, and proven
operability and reliability, the 9HA delivers the lowest life cycle cost per MW. The
economies of scale created by this high power density gas turbine, combined with its
more than 61% combined cycle efficiency, enables the most cost effective conversion
of fuel to electricity to help operators meet increasingly dynamic power demands.

Industry-Leading Least Complex Full-Load Validation

Operational Flexibility for H-Class Offering • At the heart of GE’s heavy duty gas
Increased Dispatch and • A simpler configuration than GE’s turbine validation program is the
advanced full-scale, full-load test
Ancillary Revenue previous H-class fleet and one that
facility in Greenville, SC.
does not require a separate cooling
• Fast 10-minute ramp-up from start
air system. •G
 E’s 9HA gas turbine has been fully
command to gas turbine full load.
•M
 odular systems ease installation validated in its full speed, full-load test
•U
 p to 70 MW/minute ramping facility over an operating envelope
and reduce on-site labor requirements.
capability within emissions larger than the variances an entire
compliance. •S
 treamlined maintenance with quick- fleet of turbines would experience in
removal turbine roof, field-replaceable the field, an approach that is superior
•R
 eaches turndown as low as 40% of
blades, and 100% borescope to operating a field prototype for
gas turbine baseload output within
inspection coverage for all blades. 8,000 hours.
emissions compliance.
•F
 uel flexible to accommodate gas and
liquid fuels with wide gas variability,
including high ethane (shale) gas and
liquefied natural gas.

397-510 MW Simple Cycle Output

>61% COMBINED CYCLE EFFICIENCY

Customer Success Story

GE technology is helping Électricité de France (EDF) move down the path to reducing emissions and
improving efficiency in line with their goals. EDF and GE are jointly building the 9HA fleet leader combined
cycle power plant in Bouchain, France. The plant’s turndown ability will be 20 points better than its nearest
competitor, allowing EDF to more efficiently balance its generating capability with renewables while meeting customer needs for
electricity. GE and EDF intend to extend their experience in Bouchain to support their development outside France.

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 POWER ing 2015

9HA.01 9HA.02
Frequency 50 50
SC Net Output (MW) 397 510
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,220 8,170
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 8,673 8,620
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 41.5% 41.8%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,906 2,430
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 2,011 2,564
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 40% 40%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 60 70
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 25 25
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +/-10% +/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 SS 9HA.01 1x1 SS 9HA.02

CC Net Output (MW) 592 755
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,540 5,517
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,845 5,821
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 61.6% 61.8%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 47% 47%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 60 70
Startup Time (Hot , Minutes) <30 <30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 9HA.01 2x1 MS 9HA.02

CC Net Output (MW) 1,181 1,515
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,540 5,495
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,845 5,798
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 61.6% 62.1%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 24% 24%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 120 140
Startup Time (Hot , Minutes) <30 <30

19
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

9F.05 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

GE’s Highest F-Class Combined Cycle Efficiency
Meeting the demand for cleaner, reliable, cost-effective power, the 9F.05 heavy duty gas
turbine provides GE’s most advanced F-class technology for 50 Hz applications. With
combined cycle efficiency of more than 60% and running reliability in excess of 99%,
this turbine is well suited for baseload, cogeneration and cycling applications.

Enhanced Architecture
for Performance and Reliability 299 MW Simple Cycle
Output
• Well suited for combined cycle applications, with 99.8%
average reliability and 95.1% average availability.1
>60% COMBINED
• Mark* VIe Control System real-time, physics-based modeling
CYCLE EFFICIENCY
increases overall performance, operability, and reliability.
• OpFlex AutoTune improves DLN operability, increasing the
range of natural gas compositions that can be used.

Source: ORAP SPS, 2011-2013.

1

20
 POWER ing 2015

9F.05
Frequency 50
SC Net Output (MW) 299
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,810
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,295
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 38.7%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,593
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 1,681
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 38%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 24
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 25
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 10
Wobbe Variation (%) +/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 SS 9F.05

CC Net Output (MW) 460
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,670
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,982
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 60.2%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 46%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 24
Startup Time (Hot , Minutes) 38

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 9F.05

CC Net Output (MW) 923
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,650
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,961
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 60.4%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 23%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 48
Startup Time (Hot , Minutes) 38
Customer Success Story

The 1,430 MW Datang Gaojing combined cycle cogeneration power plant, owned and operated by China Datang
Corporation, serves the surging electricity demand in the Chinese capital of Beijing while also helping the region
meet the ambitious environmental targets of China’s Five Year Plan. Commissioned in 2014, the plant features
three highly efficient GE 9F.05 gas turbines, air cooled generators, and a district heating solution for winter
operation from Harbin Electric Corporation, GE’s business partner and licensing associate. It is one of the most
fuel efficient Chinese power plants to date. Along with its high-efficiency performance, the reliability of the 9F.05 helps ensure
that the Datang Gaojing plant will serve as a dependable source of heat and power.

21
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

9F.03/.04 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

Quick and Efficient Solution for Growing Grids
The rugged 9F.03 heavy duty gas turbine delivers efficiency, flexible operation, and
reliability in one proven solution. With greater than 99% reliability and broad fuel flexibility,
the 9F.03 delivers consistent performance in a multitude of diverse applications, ranging
from industrial cogeneration to aluminum smelting. With a demonstrated cycle as short as
eight months from order to operation, the 9F.03/.04 gets applications up and running fast,
while its extended inspection intervals and robust hot gas path parts keep it online longer.

Built to Respond Quickly and Efficiently 9F.04 … Lowest Life Cycle Cost in Its Class
when Needs or Conditions Change • Advanced Gas Path (AGP) in the 9F.04 provides enhanced
• Faster start times can speed the entire start sequence—up to performance with reliable, cost-effective operation.
15 minutes in simple cycle and 20 minutes in combined cycle. • Delivers 15 MW of additional output and 0.8% points of
• Better availability with closed-loop, real-time combustion improved efficiency in simple cycle.
system tuning. • AGP utilizes improved materials, cooling, and sealing and
• High fuel flexibility, up to more than 15% Modified Wobbe is retrofitable to 9F.03 units to enable commonality across
Index variation in natural gas. installed units.

• OpFlex AutoTune improves DLN operability and eliminates • Builds upon over 140 F-class AGP installations and over
firing temperature suppression. 500,000 operating hours.

• Mark VIe Control Platform real-time physics-based modeling • Extended 32,000-hour combustion and hot gas path
increases overall performance, operability, and reliability. inspection intervals, with most parts lasting multiple cycles.

265-280 MW Simple Cycle

Output
>59% COMBINED CYCLE EFFICIENCY
22
 POWER ing 2015

9F.03 9F.04
Frequency 50 50
SC Net Output (MW) 265 280
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 9,020 8,840
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,517 9,327
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 37.8% 38.6%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,458 1,496
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 1,538 1,579
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 35% 35%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22 23
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 15 15
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 24 24
Wobbe Variation (%) +25%/-10% +25%/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 9F.03 1x1 MS 9F.04

CC Net Output (MW) 404 426
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,860 5,770
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,183 6,088
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 58.2% 59.1%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 46% 45%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22 22
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 38 38

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 9F.03 2x1 MS 9F.04

CC Net Output (MW) 811 855
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,840 5,750
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,162 6,067
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 58.4% 59.3%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 23% 22%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 44 44
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 38 38
Customer Success Story

As Algeria quickly progresses with building its infrastructure, GE is proud to be the country’s growth partner.
Société Algérienne de Production de l’Electricité (SPE S.p.a.), part of the Sonelgaz Group, selected GE to
provide power generation equipment and services for six new combined cycle power plants. These plants
will produce enough power to help meet the needs of 8 million Algerian households, increasing the country’s
energy capacity by nearly 70%. For the six new plants, GE is supplying 9F.03 gas turbines, proven reliable
with more than 200 installed units worldwide and more than 12 million operating hours. Using natural gas
from local Algerian gas fields, the turbines will be equipped with GE’s latest DLN dual-fuel combustion technology to reduce
emissions, extend maintenance intervals and enable greater flexibility.

23
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

9E.03/.04 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

Flexible, Adaptable Performance
From desert climates to the tropics, to the arctic cold, the rugged 9E.03 heavy duty gas
turbine provides essential power and performs in a vast number of duty cycles and
applications. It is one of the most fuel-flexible products in the industry, capability of using
more than 52 types of fuel—almost the entire fuel spectrum. The 9E.04 heavy duty gas
turbine provides increased power and performance while maintaining the simplicity and
operational strengths of the 9E.03 gas turbine. The result is a platform that delivers high
availability, reliability, and durability while lowering the overall cost per kilowatt.

Rapidly Getting You from 9E.04 Offers Enhanced

Decision to Power Delivery Power and Performance
• Demonstrated order to operation in less than six months. • Reduced fuel costs and increased revenue
• Modular architecture and prepackaged components make — 143 MW output and 37% efficiency simple cycle
for quick installation in challenging environments. — 208 MW output and more than 53% efficiency in a
1x1 MS 9E.04 combined cycle power plant.
• Simple cycle, combined cycle, and various industrial
• A nearly five percent reduction in installed $/kW price,
applications in a broad range of industries, including
translating to a quicker return on investment.
electrical utilities/independent power producers,
industrial oil and gas refineries, IWPP, aluminum • New 4-stage turbine module fits within the same footprint
industry for smelting, steel mills, and LNG. as an already installed 9E gas turbine unit.
• Fast-start and fast-load capabilities provide • Utilizes proven E- and F-class materials, fired at lower
operational flexibility. E-class temperatures for hot gas path, with cooling and
sealing improvements, improved clearances and optimized
• Longest maintenance intervals without reduced
work splits between stages.
performance—32,000 hours for combustion and
hot gas inspections.

132-143 MW Simple Cycle

Output
>54% COMBINED CYCLE EFFICIENCY
24
 POWER ing 2015

9E.03 9E.04
Frequency 50 50
SC Net Output (MW) 132 143
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 9,860 9,250
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 10,403 9,759
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 34.6% 36.9%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 828 814
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 874 858
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 35% 35%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11 12
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 5 5
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 25 25
Wobbe Variation (%) >+/-30% >+/-30%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 9E.03 1x1 MS 9E.04

CC Net Output (MW) 199 208
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,530 6,360
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,890 6,710
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 52.3% 53.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 72% 70%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11 12
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 38 38

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 9E.03 2x1 MS 9E.04

CC Net Output (MW) 401 420
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,460 6,300
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,816 6,647
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 52.8% 54.2%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 36% 35%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22 25
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 38 38
Customer Success Story

Relationships matter. For more than 15 years, GE has supported Tunisia’s energy
development, with GE machines generating over 1.3 GW of power. During that time,
the Société Tunisienne de l’Electricité et du Gaz (STEG) and GE have developed strong
ties. Their shared history allowed GE to respond rapidly in 2012 to meet Tunisia’s changing electricity needs—consumption
was growing by about 6% per year. GE proposed and executed an extension to the Bir M’Cherga plant within six months
from order, one of the fastest projects ever. The two 9E.03 gas turbines at the Bir M’Cherga plant now supply an additional
240 MW to the Tunisian national power grid, allowing the country to better manage the summer peak.

25
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6F.03 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

Advanced Technology for Decentralized Power
Whether you need to generate power on-site or produce steam for petrochemical or
DH operations, the 6F.03 heavy duty combined cycle gas turbine delivers high levels of
efficiency, availability, flexibility, and reliability. Its high exhaust energy makes the 6F.03
gas turbine ideal for 50 or 60 Hz midsize combined cycle, industrial cogeneration, DH,
and remote-processing applications.

Durable, Compact Configuration

for Diverse Applications
• Flexible layout, including lateral or axial air inlet and
indoor or outdoor acoustic enclosures overcomes
space constraints.
• Built to perform in harsh and remote environments.
• Robust DLN 2.6 combustion system enables lower
emissions—less than 15 ppm NOx or 9 ppm CO—and
32,000-hour combustion inspection intervals.
• Turndown to 52% turbine load with DLN 2.6 combustion
results in fewer starts and lower fuel costs.
• Online transfer from natural gas to light distillate
improves uptime.
• Multi-Nozzle Quiet Combustor (MNQC) accommodates
syngas from 20 to 90% hydrogen; MNQC employing steam
or nitrogen injection achieves less than 25 ppm NOx
emissions on syngas.

80 MW Simple Cycle
Output
>55% COMBINED
CYCLE EFFICIENCY

Customer Success Story

Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is coupling exploration of new fields of

unconventional gases with enhanced oil recovery techniques in existing fields such as
Rabab Harweel. PDO selected GE’s 6F.03 gas turbine to provide power and steam to
the enhanced oil recovery operations because of its proven robust design, high availability and reliability. Flexibility also played a role:
The 6F.03 can perform in extreme ambient conditions and with a wide range of fuels. In addition, the turbine improves operational
efficiency and its 32,000 hour interval parts and inspections schedule supports a maintenance plan that synchronizes with other
machinery, minimizing downtime.

26
 POWER ing 2015

6F.03
Frequency 50
SC Net Output (MW) 80
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 9,470
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,991
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 36.0%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 472
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 498
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 52%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 15
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +20%/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6F.03

CC Net Output (MW) 123
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,170
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,510
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.3%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 59%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 45

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6F.03

CC Net Output (MW) 245
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,130
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,467
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 30%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 13
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 45

27
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6F.01 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

Gas Turbine for the Most Efficient
Combined Cycle/Cogeneration Below 100 MW
The 6F.01 gas turbine achieves nearly 56% efficiency in 2x1 combined cycle arrangement, and
more than 80% efficiency in cogeneration operation. Its 600°C exhaust temperature enables
up to 140 bar high pressure steam for combined cycle power generation or cogeneration.

Proven Experience with

High Reliability and Availability
• 110,000 hours and 2,250 starts of operating experience on fleet • Combustion and hot gas path maintenance intervals
leaders in Turkey with 99.2% reliability over past four years. of 32,000 hours and 900 starts.
• Proven hot gas path and combustion materials featured • Field replaceable compressor airfoils capable of wet
on 7F.05, 9F.05 and H-class turbines supports higher compression power augmentation.
temperatures. • Compact cold end drive configuration for new plants with
• Proven DLN 2.5 combustion system with over a decade hot end drive option for 6B flange-to-flange replacement
of operating experience. solution brings more than 5 pts in efficiency improvement.

51 MW Simple Cycle
Output
>55% COMBINED
CYCLE EFFICIENCY

28
 POWER ing 2015

6F.01
Frequency 50
SC Net Output (MW) 51
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,980
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,474
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 38.0%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 277
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 292
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 40%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 12
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 25
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +/- 10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6F.01

CC Net Output (MW) 75
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,120
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,457
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.8%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 53%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 12
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6F.01

CC Net Output (MW) 150
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,100
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,436
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.9%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 27%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 24
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30
Customer Success Story

When Huaneng Power Inc. (HPI) needed a proven, high-efficiency solution for its first distributed power project
in the Guangxi region of China, GE’s 6F.01 was their clear choice. With its unique combination of high efficiency
and low emissions, this gas turbine is a reliable, environmentally friendly choice, ready to bring needed power
and steam generation capability to the heart of the Guilin World Resort power plant. Having collaborated with
GE on many projects over the years, HPI has confidence in GE’s ability to bring the Guilin power plant online quickly to meet the
growing energy needs of this popular tourist destination.

29
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6B.03 GAS TURBINE (50 Hz)

Industrial-Strength, Field-Proven Reliability
The rugged, reliable 6B.03 heavy duty gas turbine is a popular choice for refineries,
natural gas liquefaction power, CHP applications, and industrial power. Its ability to
operate in island mode, coupled with its 94.6% availability, make the 6B.03 an ideal
solution for remote installations and extreme operating conditions far from the grid.
With 99% reliability, proven and tested with more than 55 million operating hours, the
6B.03 provides cost-effective power you can count on.

Dependable, Cost-Effective Solution

• Can accommodate the multiple start-ups required for 44 MW Simple Cycle
Output
seasonal CHP.
• Black start capability for volatile grid environments.
>51% COMBINED
• Built to stay online in extreme and remote conditions.
CYCLE EFFICIENCY
• DLN combustion supports low-cost gas and liquid fuels,
including process gases, low calorific gases, and up to 30%
hydrogen, 100% ethane, 100% propane, and 50% nitrogen;
standard combustion supports heavy oils, naphtha,
bioethanol, methanol, synthetic gases, and steel
mill gases.
• Pre-assembled gas turbine package with accessories
for easier transport and faster site installation;
as low as six months from order to operation.

30
 POWER ing 2015

6B.03
Frequency 50
SC Net Output (MW) 44
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 10,180
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 10,740
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 33.5%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 289
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 305
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 50%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 4
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 25
Wobbe Variation (%) >+/-30%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6B.03

CC Net Output (MW) 67
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,630
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,995
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.5%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 57%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6B.03

CC Net Output (MW) 135
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,600
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,963
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 29%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30
Customer Success Story

After 20 years of reliable service with a GE 6B gas turbine, Compañía Española de Petróleos
†
(Cepsa) needed to enhance operations at its San Roque refinery in Spain and reduce the facility’s
environmental impact. Cepsa had first chosen the 6B as a reliable, fuel flexible solution with
high exhaust energy and standard combustion features. The 6B could support production of process steam and electricity while
utilizing both natural and process gas. In 2013, GE supplied two new 6B.03 gas turbines with enhanced performance and DLN
combustion system to improve efficiency with reduced emissions. One of the 6B gas turbines has been operating successfully
with up to 40% hydrogen since mid-2013, a first-of-its-kind accomplishment for DLN combustion.

†C
 EPSA and CEPSA logo are Trademarks registered in Spain and in other countries owned by Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A.U. (CEPSA). All rights reserved.
31
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

7HA.01/.02 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

The World’s Largest and Most Efficient Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

GE’s 7HA high efficiency, air cooled gas turbine is the industry leader among H-class
offerings and is available in two models—the 7HA.01 at 275 MW and the 7HA.02 at 337 MW.
Thanks to a simplified air cooled architecture, advanced materials, and proven operability
and reliability, the 7HA delivers the lowest life cycle cost per MW for 60 Hz applications. The
economies of scale created by this high power density gas turbine, combined with its more
than 61% combined cycle efficiency, enable the most cost effective conversion of fuel to
electricity to help operators meet increasingly dynamic power demands.

Industry-Leading Least Complex Full-Load Validation

Operational Flexibility for H-Class Offering • At the heart of GE’s heavy duty gas
Increased Dispatch and • A simpler configuration than GE’s turbine validation program is the
advanced full-scale, full-load test
Ancillary Revenue previous H-class fleet and one that
facility in Greenville, SC.
does not require a separate cooling
• Fast 10-minute ramp-up from start
air system. • Test stand enables GE to validate the
command to gas turbine full load.
• The 7HA is now available with an 7HA gas turbine over an operating
• 50 MW/minute ramping capability envelope larger than the variances
air cooled generator for simplified
within emissions compliance. an entire fleet of turbines would
installation and maintainability.
• Reaches turndown as low as 25% of experience in the field, an approach
• Modular systems ease installation that is superior to operating a field
gas turbine baseload output within
with 10,000 fewer man-hours than prototype for 8,000 hours.
emissions compliance.
GE’s 7F.03 gas turbine.
• Fuel flexible to accommodate gas and
• Streamlined maintenance with quick-
liquid fuels with wide gas variability,
removal turbine roof, field-replaceable
including high ethane (shale) gas and
blades, and 100% borescope
liquefied natural gas.
inspection coverage for all blades.
• Simplified dual fuel system uses less
water, eliminates recirculation, and
utilizes enhanced liquid purge for
improved reliability and dependability.

275-337 MW Simple Cycle

Output
>61% COMBINED CYCLE EFFICIENCY
Customer Success Story

Exelon, one of the largest competitive power generators in the U.S., chose GE’s 7HA.02
technology, the world’s largest and most efficient gas turbine in its class, to deliver additional
power for two of its planned combined cycle projects in the U.S. GE’s 7HA.02 gas turbines will
provide Exelon with a combination of the most output, highest efficiency, and best operational flexibility in its class, helping
Exelon provide additional capacity, competitively priced, to the expanding Texas energy grid. Compared with F-class technology,
fuel savings will exceed $8 million annually per gas turbine. The 7HA gas turbine also features modular construction for a
shorter installation, a real benefit in Texas, given concerns about the availability of skilled manpower.

32
 POWER ing 2015

7HA.01 7HA.02
Frequency 60 60
SC Net Output (MW) 275 337
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,240 8,210
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 8,694 8,662
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 41.4% 41.6%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,330 1,620
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 1,403 1,709
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 25% 40%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 50 50
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 25 25
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +/-10% +/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 7HA.01 1x1 SS 7HA.02

CC Net Output (MW) 406 501
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,570 5,530
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,877 5,834
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 61.3% 61.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 33% 47%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 50 50
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) <30 <30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 7HA.01 2x1 MS 7HA.02

CC Net Output (MW) 817 1,005
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,540 5,510
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 5,845 5,813
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 61.6% 61.9%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 16% 23%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 100 100
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) <30 <30

33
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

7F.05 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Next Generation, F-Class Flexibility and Efficiency
GE understands the challenges of today’s power generation industry: lower cost of
electricity, dispatch and fuel volatility, as well as increased efficiency, reliability, and asset
availability. GE created the 7F.05 gas turbine to be highly efficient, agile, and simple to
maintain. With combined cycle efficiency greater than 59.9%, and a 40 MW per minute
ramp rate, the 7F.05 helps operators capture more ancillary revenue. In simple cycle
the 7F.05 gas turbine is extremely responsive with a start capacity of 200 megawatts
in ten minutes, 5 ppm NOx and grid stability logic, making the 7F.05 ideal for supporting
renewable energy growth.

Reliable and Efficient

• Combustion systems accommodate a wide range of fuels,
including natural gas, distillate oil, lean methane, pure
ethane, hydrogen, syngas, and light crude oils. They also
224-231 MW Simple Cycle
Output
enable low NOx emissions, as low as 5 ppm, at rated
output levels.
>59% COMBINED CYCLE
• 98.5% reliability leads F-class offerings.1
EFFICIENCY
• Maintainability features support increased availability:
— Field replaceable compressor airfoils reduce downtime.
— Superfinish 3D airfoils reduce degradation.
— 100% borescope inspection reduces overall inspection time.
• Performance packages support most customer demands
across the ambient spectrum, including wet compression
for enhanced hot day performance.
• The 7F.05 is now available with an air cooled generator
for simplified installation and maintainability.

Source: ORAP Simple cycle equipment, 12 month

1

average, April ’13 through March ‘14.

34
 POWER ing 2015

7F.05 @ 5 ppm NOx 7F.05 @ 9 ppm NOx

Frequency 60 60
SC Net Output (MW) 224 231
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,670 8,640
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,147 9,116
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 39.4% 39.5%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,176 1,207
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 1,241 1,273
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 38% 38%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 40 40
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 5 9
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +/-7.5% +/-7.5%

1x1 MS 7F.05
Power Plant Configuration @ 12 ppm NOx
CC Net Output (MW) 359
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,740
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,056
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 59.4%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 48%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 40
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 25

2x1 MS 7F.05
Power Plant Configuration @ 12 ppm NOx
CC Net Output (MW) 723
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,700
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,014
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 59.9%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 24%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 80
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 25
Customer Success Story

With a partnership that spans over four decades and 40 Saudi Electricity Company (SEC)
power plants, GE assists in the generation of over half of Saudi Arabia’s power supply. The
company has more than 500 gas turbines installed in the Kingdom, and that number will
grow when SEC’s Riyadh Power Plant 12 (PP12) enters commercial operation in early 2015.
PP12 utilizes 8 GE 7F.05 gas turbines and is the first installation of the new product in the region; it will add nearly 2,000 megawatts
of power, helping SEC meet future electricity demands. The 7F.05 gas turbines provide SEC with significant fuel savings and lower
emissions, along with the operating flexibility needed to respond to a wide range of generation conditions, from base load to cyclic
duty. Fuel flexibility is also a significant advantage. The 7F.05 turbines can operate on natural gas, distillate fuel or Arabian Super
Light (ASL) crude. GE’s F-class gas turbines are the first to offer customers the ability to operate on crude oil.
35
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

7F.04 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Setting the Industry Standard for F-Class Power
GE introduced the world to F-class gas turbine technology in 1989. Today, GE powers the
globe with more than 1,100 installed F-class units, producing 260 GW of power in 58
countries. With 99% reliability, customers receive five to six more days of operation per
year than the industry average. A 10-minute fast start enables increased revenue and
dispatchability during peak demand.

Customer Value with the

Lowest Life Cycle Cost in Its Class
• Enhanced compressor and hot gas path cooling and sealing • Industry-leading DLN 2.6 combustion system lowers
technologies to improve performance and durability. emissions across a wide range of natural gas and distillate
• Single crystal materials and directionally solidified blades fuel compositions.
for extended maintenance intervals and lengthened • Widest fuel flexibility; only manufacturer to offer an F-class
component life. heavy duty gas turbine that burns Arabian super light; also
• Low fuel pressure requirements reduce the need for an offers 15% C2, +20%/-10% Modified Wobbe Index,
on-site fuel compressor. 5% hydrogen.

198 MW Simple Cycle

Output
>59% COMBINED
CYCLE EFFICIENCY

36
 POWER ing 2015

7F.04
Frequency 60
SC Net Output (MW) 198
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,840
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,327
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 38.6%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 1,056
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 1,114
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 48%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 30
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 9
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +20%/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 7F.04

CC Net Output (MW) 292
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,800
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,119
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 58.8%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 58%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 30
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 28

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 7F.04

CC Net Output (MW) 588
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 5,760
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,077
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 59.2%
Bottoming Cycle Type 3PRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 29%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 60
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 28

Customer Success Story

In the western portion of PJM, an Independent System Operator in the United States, regional supplies
of ethane are plentiful. Yet, until now, no one has used ethane as a reliable, lower-cost fuel source for
generating electricity. That’s about to change. The proposed 565 MW Moundsville Power combined cycle
plant in West Virginia will be the first to utilize locally generated unconventional gas from new shale wells
with high contents of ethane. The empowering technology is GE’s 7F.04 gas turbine. Using GE’s DLN 2.6+ combustion system,
the turbine can operate on gas fuel with up to 25% ethane content. “The use of ethane-blended fuel at Moundsville Power could
herald a new series of plants utilizing GE’s 7F.04 gas turbines and unconventional, blended fuels,” said Andrew Dorn Jr., a Managing
Member of Moundsville Power. “By allowing us to use lower-cost ethane-blended fuel, the turbine design and performance are
crucial to the plant’s financial and operational success.”
37
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

7E.03 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Versatility for Extreme Operating Environments
The 7E.03 gas turbine is recognized as the industry leader for 60 Hz industrial power
applications where reliability and availability are the most critical attributes. Its robust
architecture and operational flexibility make it well suited for a variety of peaking, cyclic,
and baseload applications. With state-of-the-art fuel handling equipment, multi-fuel
combustion system options, and advanced gas path features, the 7E.03 gas turbine
can accommodate a full range of fuel alternatives while delivering better efficiency
and lower emissions than other technologies in its class. Whether providing raw
horsepower to drive industrial and petrochemical processes or steady, reliable output
for CHP operation, the 7E.03 keeps your operation running.

Proven Performance
• 98.3% reliability—more than 0.2% higher than the industry • Optional DLN 1+ combustion technology achieves
average—equates to an additional 1,500+ MWh per year. industry-leading sub-3 ppm NOx without selective
• 32,000-hour inspection intervals provides more than two catalytic reduction (SCR) and meets the toughest
extra days of operation per year. emissions regulations.

• Exhaust energy profile and high mass flow enhance steam

production in cogeneration applications.
• Millions of hours of operational experience on crude and
residual oils. 91 MW Simple Cycle
Output
• Tri- or dual-fuel capability for switching fuels, while
running under load or during shutdown.
>51% COMBINED
CYCLE EFFICIENCY

38
 POWER ing 2015

7E.03
Frequency 60
SC Net Output (MW) 91
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 10,060
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 10,614
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 33.9%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 584
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 616
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 35%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 4
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 25
Wobbe Variation (%) >+/- 30%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 7E.03

CC Net Output (MW) 139
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,640
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 7,006
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.4%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 67%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 35

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 7E.03

CC Net Output (MW) 281
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,580
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,942
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.9%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 33%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 15
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 35

Customer Success Story

Increased natural gas production in the United States has producers looking for ways
to get their natural gas to global markets. To serve this need, Dominion’s Cove Point
Liquefaction Project in Maryland, U.S.A. is modifying the existing liquefied natural gas
(LNG) import terminal to become the first on the U.S. East Coast capable of importing and
exporting LNG. At the heart of the liquefaction process will be two GE 7E.03 gas turbines driving the refrigeration compressors
supplied by GE Oil & Gas. This single-train design will have the capacity to procure approximately 5.25 million metric tons per
annum of LNG. With an installed fleet of over 800 units, the 7E.03 equipped with the DLN combustion system for reduced
emissions is a proven, reliable performer.

39
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6F.03 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Advanced Technology for Decentralized Power
Whether you need to generate power on-site or produce steam for petrochemical or
DH operations, the 6F.03 heavy duty combined cycle gas turbine delivers high levels of
efficiency, availability, flexibility, and reliability. Its high exhaust energy makes the 6F.03
gas turbine ideal for 50 or 60 Hz midsize combined cycle, industrial cogeneration, DH,
and remote-processing applications.

Durable, Compact Configuration

for Diverse Applications
• Flexible layout, including lateral or axial air inlet and
indoor or outdoor acoustic enclosures overcomes
space constraints.
• Architected to perform in harsh and remote environments.
• Robust DLN 2.6 combustion system enables lower
emissions—less than 15 ppm NOx or 9 ppm CO—and
32,000-hour combustion inspection intervals.
• Turndown to 52% turbine load with DLN 2.6 combustion
results in fewer starts and lower fuel costs.
• Online transfer from natural gas to light distillate
improves uptime.
• Multi-Nozzle Quiet Combustor (MNQC) accommodates
syngas from 20 to 90% hydrogen; MNQC employing
steam or nitrogen injection achieves less than 25 ppm
NOx emissions on syngas.

80 MW Simple Cycle
Output
>55% COMBINED
CYCLE EFFICIENCY

Customer Success Story

Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) is coupling exploration of new fields of

unconventional gases with enhanced oil recovery techniques in existing fields such
as Rabab Harweel. PDO selected GE’s 6F.03 gas turbine to provide power and steam
to the enhanced oil recovery operations because of its proven robust engineering, high availability and reliability. Flexibility also
played a role: The 6F.03 can perform in extreme ambient conditions and with a wide range of fuels. In addition, the turbine improves
operational efficiency and its 32,000 hour interval parts and inspections schedule supports a maintenance plan that synchronizes
with other machinery, minimizing downtime.

40
 POWER ing 2015

6F.03
Frequency 60
SC Net Output (MW) 80
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 9,470
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,991
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 36.0%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 472
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 498
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 52%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 15
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +20%/-10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6F.03

CC Net Output (MW) 123
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,170
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,510
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.3%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 59%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 7
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 45

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6F.03

CC Net Output (MW) 245
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,130
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,467
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 30%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 13
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 45

41
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6F.01 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Gas Turbine for the Most Efficient
Combined Cycle/Cogeneration Below 100 MW
The 6F.01 gas turbine achieves nearly 56% efficiency in 2x1 combined cycle arrangement,
and more than 80% efficiency in cogeneration operation. Its 600°C exhaust temperature
enables up to 140 bar high pressure steam for combined cycle power generation
or cogeneration.

Proven Experience with

High Reliability and Availability
• 110,000 hours of operating experience on fleet leaders in
Turkey with 99.2% reliability over past four years. 51 MW Simple Cycle
Output
• Proven hot gas path and combustion materials featured
on 7F.05, 9F.05 and H-class turbines supports higher
>55% COMBINED
temperatures. CYCLE EFFICIENCY
• Proven DLN 2.5 combustion system with over a decade
of operating experience.
• 16,000 hours CI/32,000 hours HGP/64,000 hours MI
scheduled maintenance intervals.
• On-site removable compressor blade for increased reliability.
• Compact cold end drive configuration for new plants
with hot end drive option for 6B flange-to-flange
replacement solution brings more than 5 pts in
efficiency improvement.

42
 POWER ing 2015

6F.01
Frequency 60
SC Net Output (MW) 51
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 8,980
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 9,474
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 38.0%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 277
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 292
GT Min. Turndown Load (%) 40%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 12
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 25
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 9
Wobbe Variation (%) +/- 10%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6F.01

CC Net Output (MW) 75
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,120
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,457
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.8%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 53%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 12
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6F.01

CC Net Output (MW) 150
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,100
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,436
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 55.9%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 27%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 24
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30
Customer Success Story

When Huaneng Power Inc. (HPI) needed a proven, high-efficiency solution for its first distributed power project
in the Guangxi region of China, GE’s 6F.01 was their clear choice. With its unique combination of high efficiency
and low emissions, this gas turbine is a reliable, environmentally friendly choice, ready to bring needed power
and steam generation capability to the heart of the Guilin World Resort power plant. Having collaborated with
GE on many projects over the years, HPI has confidence in GE’s ability to bring the Guilin power plant online quickly to meet the
growing energy needs of this popular tourist destination.

43
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

6B.03 GAS TURBINE (60 Hz)

Industrial-Strength, Field-Proven Reliability
The rugged, reliable 6B.03 heavy duty gas turbine is a popular choice for refineries,
natural gas liquefaction power, CHP applications, and industrial power. Its ability to
operate in island mode, coupled with its 94.6% availability, make the 6B.03 an ideal
solution for remote installations and extreme operating conditions far from the grid.
With 99% reliability, proven and tested with more than 55 million operating hours, the
6B.03 provides cost-effective power you can count on.

Dependable, Cost-Effective Solution

• Can accommodate the multiple start-ups required
for seasonal CHP.
• Black start capability for volatile grid environments.
• Built to stay online in extreme and remote conditions.

44 MW
• DLN combustion supports low-cost gas and liquid fuels,
including process gases, low calorific gases, and up to
Simple Cycle
30% hydrogen, 100% ethane, 100% propane, and 50% Output
nitrogen; standard combustion supports heavy oils,
naphtha, bioethanol, methanol, synthetic gases, and
>51% COMBINED
steel mill gases. CYCLE EFFICIENCY
• Pre-assembled gas turbine package with accessories
for easier transport and faster site installation;
10 months from contract signature to
commercial operation.

44
 POWER ing 2015

6B.03
Frequency 60
SC Net Output (MW) 44
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 10,180
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 10,740
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 33.5%
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 289
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 305
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 50%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 4
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 25
Wobbe Variation (%) >+/-30%

Power Plant Configuration 1x1 MS 6B.03

CC Net Output (MW) 67
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,630
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,995
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.5%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 57%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30

Power Plant Configuration 2x1 MS 6B.03

CC Net Output (MW) 135
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,600
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,963
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.7%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 29%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30
Customer Success Story

After 20 years of reliable service with a GE 6B gas turbine, Compañía Española de Petróleos
†
(Cepsa) needed to enhance operations at its San Roque refinery in Spain and reduce the facility’s
environmental impact. Cepsa had first chosen the 6B as a reliable, fuel flexible solution with
high exhaust energy and standard combustion features. The 6B could support production of process steam and electricity while
utilizing both natural and process gas. In 2013, GE supplied two new 6B.03 gas turbines with enhanced performance and DLN
combustion system to improve efficiency with reduced emissions. One of the 6B gas turbines has been operating successfully
with up to 40% hydrogen since mid-2013, a first-of-its-kind accomplishment for DLN combustion.

†C
 EPSA and CEPSA logo are Trademarks registered in Spain and in other countries owned by Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A.U. (CEPSA). All rights reserved.
45
 POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

FUELS AND COMBUSTION

Technology Leadership
With more than 4,500 heavy duty gas turbines installed around the world, GE knows the challenges
faced by operators—volatile fuel prices, variability in fuel sources, increasingly strict environmental
regulations, and the need for more power generation flexibility. GE continually evolves its proven
combustion systems, including the related accessory system hardware, to help customers enhance fuel
utilization, reduce fuel costs, and enhance revenues.

As a result, GE’s versatile gas turbines operate on a variety of fuels, including gases with a wide range of
heating values, like steel mill gases, syngas, lean methane fuels, natural gas, higher order hydrocarbons,
and high hydrogen fuels. They also accommodate liquid fuels, including refined products, such as
distillate and naphtha, and a range of ash bearing fuels, including light, medium, and heavy crude
oils, as well as HFO. Utilization of a these fuels is important for a wide range of applications, including
refineries, petrochemical plants, oil and gas production, and steel mills.

Combustion System Fundamentals

Modern gas turbines that utilize a wide variety of gaseous and the resulting lean mixture will burn with a lower flame
liquid fuels must operate within a series of constraints, with temperature and the reaction will generate significantly less
NOx and CO emissions being the most recognizable. NOx. This is known as lean combustion.
The formation of NOx compounds is dependent on the In addition to developing combustion technologies that
temperature of the reaction in the combustor. If fuel and air reduce emissions, GE’s advanced gas turbine combustion
are allowed to mix in a stoichiometric proportion (a balanced systems mitigate the potential risk of combustion dynamics
chemical reaction), they will burn in a diffusion flame, while simultaneously meeting other key operability
similar to the flame of a candle, near the highest possible requirements. The overall system configuration is a balance
temperature of the reaction. A consequence of burning fuel at of parameters that require a deep domain expertise in fuel
a high flame temperature is the production of a large amount and combustion technology.
of NOx. However, if extra air is introduced into the reaction,

Hydrogen (100%)

Natural Gas Methane

Sour Gas LNG
PERCENT HYDROGEN (BY MASS)

Coke Oven Gas Refinery Offgas

NGL
LPG Ethane
Butane Propane
Crude Oils
Ethanol ASL and Naphtha
Condensate
Kerosene
Methanol
Biodiesels
DME (B100) Distillate #2
Heavy Distillates

SynGas – O2 Blown Weak Natural Gas Residual Fuel

Blast Furnace Gas

= Liquid Fuels
SynGas – Airblown = Gaseous Fuels

SPECIFIC ENERGY (BY MASS)

46
 POWER ing 2015

Gas Turbine Combustion Systems

GE has multiple combustion systems that can be applied GE’s diffusion flame combustion systems have been installed
across its gas turbine portfolio. Since the 1970s and 80s when on more than 1,700 gas turbines, providing robust power
GE introduced DLN, development programs have focused on generation solutions using a variety of non-traditional fuels for
evolutionary systems capable of meeting the extremely low more than 30 years. Applications include refineries, steel mills,
NOx levels required to meet current and future regulations, petrochemical plants, IGCC power plants, as well as power in a
while providing customers with a range of operational and variety of oil and gas settings.
fuel flexibility options. GE has DLN combustion systems • More than 270 E-class gas turbines configured with the
available for all heavy duty gas turbines: single nozzle combustor operating on HFO.
• The DLN1 and DLN1+ combustion systems are available on
•S
 ingle nozzle and multi-nozzle combustors have been installed
B- and E-class gas turbines.
on more than 50 B-, E-, and F-class gas turbines in low calorific
• The DLN2 family of combustion systems (DLN2.5, DLN2.6, gas applications, such as syngas, blast furnace gas, coke oven
DLN2.6+, DLN2.6+AFS) is available on F- and HA-class gas, and other process gases. These units have accumulated
gas turbines. more than 2.1 million operating hours, with the fleet leader in
this application space having more than 100,000 fired hours.
DLN1/DLN1+
The DLN1 and DLN1+ combustion systems are proven
technology platforms that help power plant operators meet
increasingly strict environmental standards, while providing
operational and fuel flexibility.
• Installed on more than 870 B- and E-class gas turbines globally.
• More than 28 million operating hours, including more than
730,000 fired hours on the DLN1+ combustion system.
• DLN 1+ system guarantees NOx emissions of 5 ppm or less DLN1/DLN1+ DLN2.6+ Diffusion Flame Combustors
for GE’s 6B, 7E and 9E gas turbines.
• Highly fuel flexible and capable of operating on a wide variety
of gas fuels, including gases with high ethane and propane
content, as well as distillate oil and other liquid fuels.
Fuel Handling Systems
As a world leader in the development of gas turbine combustion
• Available in a gas only or dual fuel configuration.
system technology, GE is not only focused on delivering quality
DLN2 system hardware, but also on systems and components for
The DLN2 family of combustion systems enables GE’s F- and cleaning and conditioning fuel prior to combustion in the gas
HA-class gas turbines to reduce NOx emissions while extending turbine. With the largest fleet of gas turbines operating on
outage intervals. GE’s DLN2.6+ combustion system, which non-traditional fuels, GE’s “flexible fuel” solutions outperform
is the base combustion configuration on the 7F, 9F and HA comparable technologies in both efficiency and reliability.
gas turbines, has been installed globally on more than 75 gas •H
 eating – Maintain desired viscosity, keep waxes in
turbines and has accumulated over 1.4 million fired hours. solution, and provide performance heating.
• Installed on more than 1,150 gas turbines globally. •C
 leaning – Remove harmful contaminants and entrained
•O
 ver 26 million operating hours; proven operational experience particulates.
in providing customers with a multitude of benefits, including •D
 rying – Remove entrained moisture and condensates.
increased operational and fuel flexibility, reduced emissions,
extended intervals, and higher performance while maintaining •B
 lending – Mix fuel streams to precondition alternative fuels
life cycle costs. for combustion and to maintain consistent Wobbe value.
• Can operate on a wide variety of gas and liquid fuels. •A
 dditives – Apply to ash-bearing liquid fuels to inhibit or
• Available in gas only and dual fuel configurations. mitigate the corrosive effects of vanadium, or to liquid fuels
low in natural lubricity.
Diffusion Flame
In addition to the DLN combustion systems, GE offers two
diffusion flame combustion systems for use in non-traditional
fuel applications:
• Single nozzle.
• Multi-nozzle quiet combustors (MNQC).

47
 POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Topping Cycle Offerings

Fuel Flexibility
For more than 50 years, GE has developed close collaborative • GE gas turbines have operated on more than 52 different
relationships with owners, operators, and fuel suppliers, fuel types.
with the goals of understanding new fuel trends, expanding • Over 7,000,000 operating hours on heavy fuels, more than
fuel flex capabilities for existing fuels, qualifying new fuels, 25 combined cycle plants operating with crude/residual.
and actively investing in new combustion technologies. This
legacy of fuel flexibility has led to GE having the broadest •M
 ore than 140 GE gas turbines operating on various alternative
experience in the industry to reliably convert the full gases (refinery off-gases and industrial by-product gases,
spectrum of fuels to mechanical, electrical, and thermal syngas), and almost 400 GE gas turbines are burning liquids
energy. GE’s model-based gas turbine control systems other than diesel oil, such as crude oil, residual fuels, or naphtha.
provide real time, closed-loop tuning of the combustion • More than 50 GE gas turbines operating on low-BTU fuels
system, which allows for stable operation even as gaseous and these turbines have accumulated more than 2.1 million
fuel energy content varies. Liquid fuels include refined operating hours, including over 400,000 fired hours on
products, such as distillate and naphtha, and a range of ash F-class units.
bearing fuels, including light, medium, and heavy crude oils,
• GE is the only gas turbine manufacturer running F-class
as well as HFO.
machines on Arabian Super Light (ASL) crude oil.

Fuel Flex Matrix

6B 7E/9E 6F.01 6F.03 7F.04 7F.05 9F 7HA 9HA
(.03/.04/.05) (.01/.02) (.01/.02)

High C2+ (Ethane, etc.)

LPG
Natural Gas
LNG
H2 Blends
GASSES

Lean Methane (weak NG)

High H2
Syngas (O2 blown)
Blast Furnace Gas (BFG)
Coke Oven Gas (COG)
Sour Gas

Distillate Oil (#2)

Naphtha
Condensate (NGL)
Biodiesel (GE DO#2 spec)
Alcohols (i.e. Ethanol)
LIQUIDS

Kerosene
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Light Crude Oil (ASL)
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Crude Oil
Heavy Fuel Oil (residual)

48
 POWER ing 2015

Combustor installation, GE’s Greenville Manufacturing Facility, Greenville, SC, U.S.A.

49
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

BOTTOMING CYCLE
OFFERINGS
Overview of Scope and Considerations

GE’s bottoming cycles convert gas turbine Each gas turbine exhausts to a dedicated HRSG
exhaust energy to electrical power and heat that meets specific combined cycle system
energy (in CHP application) in the most cost operating requirements that are defined by
conscious and economical ways. Understanding GE’s rigorous specification.
that the bottoming cycle represents about 70% of
GE’s broad product line of steam turbines
the plant cost however only provides about 33%
complements the gas turbine offerings and
of the plant power output, GE’s configurations
provides flexibility to deliver world-class
consider a multitude of operating conditions to
performance and value for almost every
provide the highest customer value in terms of
bottoming cycle. This is accomplished through
performance and cost.
use of pre-engineered long-lead modules that
Major bottoming cycle system components include fit a large application space of customized steam
the HRSG and steam turbine. These components paths. Most steam paths use High Efficiency
can be arranged in an array of configurations to Advanced Technology (HEAT*) features and
provide a system that balances fuel cost, duty cycle, accommodate up to 2,465 psi (170 bar)/1,112°F
and other economic and operability requirements. (600°C) inlet steam. GE’s large family of modern
System configurations include single pressure, last stage buckets allow performance alignment
multiple pressure, reheat and non-reheat cycles, to the site specific cooling/heat rejection systems.
as well as single and multiple shaft arrangements
with the gas turbine. “GE’s configurations
GE’s bottoming cycles typically utilize unfired, drum consider a multitude of
type HRSGs that feature modular construction operating conditions
with a finned-tube heat transfer surface and
natural circulation evaporators. Options for power
to provide the highest
augmentation with supplemental firing, post gas customer value in terms
turbine emissions reduction, and simple cycle bypass of performance and cost.”
operation are also available within the HRSG.

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 POWER ing 2015

Duke Energy, V.H. Braunig Power Station, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.
51
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

Luojing Baosteel Group LTD., Industrial Steel Mill, Shanghai, China

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 POWER ing 2015

HRSG CONSIDERATIONS
The HRSG is a critical component in the bottoming cycle of a combined cycle power plant,
providing the thermodynamic link between GE’s gas turbines and steam turbines.
GE’s combined cycle power plants utilize HRSGs with small diameter, high fin density heat
transfer sections matched to the fuels and emissions equipment requirements. HRSGs
operating in the sub-critical pressure range utilize a drum-type, natural circulation evaporator
with a long established pedigree for reliable operation. For those configurations operating
in the super-critical pressure range, GE will utilize either forced circulation or once-through
steam generator sections. Regardless of the HRSG configuration, the proper engineering is
required to assure desired operating flexibility and capability.
Since the HRSG is configured based on bottoming cycle application, there are numerous
options that can be incorporated to meet project specific requirements such as
supplementary firing, SCR for NOx abatement, CO catalyst for emissions reduction,
and exhaust gas bypass systems for applications that require simple cycle gas turbine
operation in a combined cycle installation.

GE’S HRSG Configuration Includes:

• Flexible tube support systems to enable fast startup and load
following capabilities. Geometry, wall thickness, and materials
are carefully selected with a particular focus on high-pressure
superheaters and reheaters.
• High grade steels reduce drum wall thickness.
• Multiple drum penetrations in lieu of single penetrations
decrease thermal stress in critical connections.
• Liberally sized steam drums for operating conditions, startup
and shutdown transients, and low pressure drums for an
operational buffer in the event of a boiler feed pump trip.
• Fuel flexibility features such as economizer bypass, pressure
controls, and economizer recirculation systems enable
management of component temperatures above water
and exhaust gas dewpoint.
• Stack closure dampers retain heat to facilitate rapid
restart following overnight and weekend shutdowns.

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

STEAM TURBINE
Portfolio and Overview
Power and Performance
A world leader in the development and application of steam turbine technology, GE has shipped
more than 10,000 units totaling over 600 GW since 1901. Our combined cycle steam turbines are
specifically configured to contribute to highly efficient and cost effective applications when paired
with GE gas turbines.

Solutions to Meet Your Power Needs

GE’s combined cycle steam turbines accommodate a broad range of site conditions and operational
needs while providing the performance needed in today’s demanding energy environment. GE works
with customers from the earliest stages of the project, through construction, commissioning, and
operation to provide a highly efficient and cost effective turbine that integrates smoothly with the gas
turbine and overall plant operations.

Experience, Strength, and Stability

Built upon more than a century of steam turbine experience, GE’s steam turbines are manufactured
with high quality materials and craftsmanship. Modular product configurations deliver customization
options with reliable, proven components.

Combined Cycle Steam Turbines

PRODUCT
Up to
GE ST-D650 42.5%
Efficiency
REHEAT
Up to
Up to 2,400 psi/165 bar GE ST-D600 42.0%
Up to 1,112°F/600°C Efficiency
Up to
GE ST-A650 41.5%
Efficiency
Up to
REHEAT GE ST-D400 40.0%
Efficiency
Up to 1,800 psi/124 bar
Up to 1,112°F/600°C Up to
GE ST-A450 39.5%
Efficiency
Up to
GE ST-D200 37.0%
NON-REHEAT Efficiency
Up to 1,800 psi/103 bar
Up to
Up to 1,000°F/538°C
GE ST-A200 36.2%
Efficiency

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Output (MW)

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 POWER ing 2015

Advanced Technology Features

High Efficiency Steam Paths Broad Family of Highly Efficient Last Stage Blades
• High reaction and impulse steam path technology allows for • Full tip shroud with integral sealing features reduce
the proper high efficiency technology for steam conditions. leakage loss.
• High reaction 3D airfoils in both buckets and nozzles • Enhanced tip section with low shock loss.
increase efficiency; free vortex flow improves aerodynamics. • Aerodynamic part span connector.
• Integral cover buckets with continuous contacting surfaces • Increased root reaction improves off-design performance.
provide superior damping.
• Advanced radial vortexing improves performance and hood
• Blinglet nozzle constructions provide individually adjustable integration over a range of loads.
radial clearances as well as predictable and controllable
throat area. Low Pressure (LP) Section
• Side exhaust configuration lowers turbine centerline
Advanced Sealing Features to about 16 feet.
• Shaft and tip brush seals improve leakage control.
• Shortened hood and inner casing developed through a
• Abradable coatings on stationary seals enable radial comprehensive testing program.
clearance reduction, which reduces long-term degradation.

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

A200 STEAM TURBINE (Non-Reheat)

Axial Exhaust, Combined Cycle Steam Turbine
GE’s A200 steam turbine is a compact, single casing turbine for 50 and 60 Hz non-reheat
steam cycle applications. Its opposed flow high pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP)
sections reduce the required thrust bearing size and associated performance losses.
Both the HP and LP sections utilize high reaction steam path technology for increased
efficiency and single shaft configurations incorporate a clutch that enables operational
flexibility. For two-pressure non-reheat cycles, the A200 steam turbine has available
flow admission capability at the exit of the HP flow path. The A200 steam turbine is
also capable of multiple flow extractions if required for process applications.

Compact and Robust;

Ideal for Bottoming Cycle Add-Ons
• Main steam inlet pressure up to 1600 psi (110 bar) and
temperature up to 1,050°F (565°C).
• Ships fully assembled, enabling a four-month installation
cycle from arrival on-site to turning gear.
• Standard axial exhaust enables a lower equipment
foundation height; downward facing exhaust is available
as an option.
• LP section utilizes moisture removal features to protect the
last stage buckets from erosion and to improve LP section
efficiency. Features include moisture removal grooves along
the leading edge of the LP blades and moisture extraction
slots in the LP casing.

70-220 MW Output
UP TO 36.2% EFFICIENCY

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 POWER ing 2015

D200 STEAM TURBINE (Non-Reheat)

Double-Flow LP Section, Combined Cycle Steam Turbine
GE’s D200 steam turbine is a two casing turbine for 50 and 60 Hz non-reheat steam cycle
applications. Employed in both multi-shaft and single-shaft applications, single-shaft
configurations incorporate a clutch that enables operational flexibility. Both HP and
LP sections utilize high reaction steam path technology for increased efficiency. For
two-pressure non-reheat cycles, the D200 steam turbine has available flow admission
at the exit of the HP section. The D200 steam turbine is also capable of multiple flow
extractions if required for process applications.

Delivering Cost Effective Performance

• Main steam inlet pressure up to 1,800 psi (124 bar) and
temperature up to 1,050°F (565°C).
• HP section is shipped fully assembled, enabling a five-month
installation cycle from start to finish.
• Standard double-flow LP section side exhaust saves on
plant cost by enabling a lower equipment foundation height
when compared to downward facing exhaust configuration;
downward facing exhaust is also available as an option.
• L P section utilizes moisture removal features, such as
moisture removal grooves along the leading
edge of the LP blades and moisture
extraction slots in the LP casing.
These features protect the last
stage buckets from erosion, as well
as improve LP section efficiency.

200-340 MW Output
UP TO 37.0% EFFICIENCY

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

A450/A650 STEAM TURBINES (Reheat)

Axial Exhaust, High Efficiency, Combined Cycle Steam Turbines
GE’s A450 and A650 combined cycle steam turbines deliver performance, reliability, and
up to 41.5% shaft efficiency for today’s 50 and 60 Hz applications. They can be applied in
both single-shaft and multi-shaft combined cycle plants, and the single-shaft configuration
incorporates a clutch that enables operational flexibility. These turbines consist of a
separate HP section and combined intermediate pressure (IP) and LP sections.

Meeting your Needs

•M
 ain steam inlet pressures up to 2,400 psi (165 bar) with main
steam inlet (and reheat temperatures) up to 1,112°F (600°C).
• Compact, cost effective configurations in both single-shaft
and multi-shaft configurations.
• Fully assembled HP and IP/LP sections reduce installation
time by up to three months.
• Wide range of last stage bucket sizes—up to 45 inch
(1,143 mm) for 60 Hz, and 55 inch (1,397 mm) for 50 Hz;
these sizes enable the application of GE’s A450 and A650
turbines over a wide range of condenser pressures for any
plant cooling configuration.

85-300 MW Output
UP TO 41.5% EFFICIENCY

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 POWER ing 2015

D400/D600 STEAM TURBINES (Reheat)

Double-Flow LP Section, Combined Cycle Steam Turbine
GE’s D400 and D600 steam turbines primarily support F-class and H-class gas turbine
combined cycle plants. They were developed for high efficiency power generation in
large single-shaft or multi-shaft plants, and for sites with low condenser pressure. GE’s
D-type steam turbines feature a combined HP and IP section and either one or two
double-flow LP sections.

Architecture for Reliable Performance

•M
 ain steam inlet pressures up to 2,400 psi (165 bar) with main
steam inlet (and reheat temperatures) up to 1,112°F (600°C).
• Combined HP/IP section for a compact footprint and high 180-700 MW Output
UP TO 42% EFFICIENCY
power density.
• One or two LP, double-flow modules for sites with low
condenser pressure allows the steam turbine to meet site
specific conditions for enhanced performance.
• Side-flow or down-flow exhaust LP section configurations
provide plant layout flexibility.
•W
 ide range of last stage bucket sizes—up to 45 inch (1,143 mm)
for 60 Hz, and 55 inch (1,397 mm) for 50 Hz; these sizes enable
the application of GE’s D400 and D600 steam turbines over a
wide range of condenser pressures.
• Compact and cost effective single-shaft and multi-shaft
configurations, and the single-shaft configuration
incorporating a clutch that enables plant operational
flexibility and maintainability.

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Bottoming Cycle Offerings

D650 STEAM TURBINE (Reheat)

Three Casing, Double-Flow LP Section, Combined Cycle Steam Turbine
GE’s highest-performing combined cycle steam turbine, the D650, is ideally suited for
50 and 60 Hz F-class and H-class gas turbine power plants that have high fuel costs and
high annual hours of operation. It delivers top performance, reliability, and availability in
today’s demanding energy environment. The D650 is available in both single-shaft and
multi-shaft configurations, with the single-shaft configuration incorporating a clutch
that enables operational flexibility. The D650 turbine consists of separate HP, IP, and
either one or two double-flow LP sections.

Configured for High Fuel Hour Applications

•M
 ain steam inlet pressures up to 2,400 psi (165 bar) with main • L P section shares the same hood and bearing span for a
steam inlet (and reheat temperatures) up to 1,112°F (600°C). wide range of condenser pressures. This allows for one
• Reduced bearing spans enable tighter clearances and common plant shaft line length and supports a standard
sealing control between turbine sections to lower leakage plant arrangement, reducing foundation and plant
flows, thereby improving efficiency. construction costs.

• Drum rotor construction features stationary nozzles called • L ast stage buckets up to 45 inch (1,143mm) for 60 Hz,
blinglets, that improve aerodynamics and nozzle area and 55 inch (1,397 mm) for 50 Hz, with enhanced dovetail
control for increased efficiency. configuration improve bucket aerodynamics.

• The two-flow, single-side exhaust configuration allows for • Integration of a self-synchronizing clutch improves operational
ground-level connections of the LP hood into the lateral flexibility by reducing auxiliary steam requirements during
condenser, reduces the center-line height of the plant, and start-up cycles, with the gas turbine reaching 85% load in less
enables the balance of plant equipment to be positioned on than 20 minutes under hot start conditions.
one side for ease of maintenance.

150-500 MW Output
UP TO 42.5% EFFICIENCY

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POWER ing 2015

61
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Heat Rejection Considerations

HEAT REJECTION SYSTEM

CONSIDERATIONS
Overview and Comparison

The heat rejection system is a major consideration the HRSG. A colder cooling fluid creates a better
for the engineering of the bottoming cycle and vacuum allowing more steam expansion through
has a significant impact on overall plant efficiency. the turbine which delivers increased power
The site characteristics determine what type of output. Condensers can be water or air cooled.
condenser and heat rejection system is employed. Water cooled condensers are further divided
Condensers are heat exchangers that operate at into those served directly with once through sea,
sub-atmospheric pressures (vacuum) to condense river, or lake water and those cooled with water in
steam turbine exhaust back into feedwater for mechanical or natural draft cooling towers.

Once-Through Cooling Tower Air Cooled

Applications Coastal or waterside Locations where sufficient Locations where water access is
locations without access make-up water is available prohibited or uneconomical
restrictions

Advantages •E
 nables highest plant •P
 lant location not limited to •U
 se of air eliminates the
efficiency waterside sites corrosion, filtration, treatment
•E
 nables lowest condenser •B
 etter performance than and other burdens associated
pressures air cooled with water
•S
 mallest footprint • L ower cost than air cooled •F
 ewest siting and regulatory
restrictions
• L owest cost

Disadvantages •R
 equires direct access to a •R  equires significant amounts • L east efficient
body of water of make-up water •A  mbient conditions impact size
•H
 ighest regulatory burdens • L arge footprint and effectiveness
• L argest footprint
•H
 ighest cost

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 POWER ing 2015

Lakeland Electric, McIntosh Power Plant, Lakeland, FL, U.S.A.

63
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Electrical Conversion Offerings

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 POWER ing 2015

ELECTRICAL CONVERSION
OFFERINGS
Overview of Scope and Considerations

GE’s combined cycle power plant approach ensures When considering generator performance it
that plant systems and major equipment selections is important to look at how reactances handle
are customized for a cost effective application. system transients and protect plant equipment.
In the case of the electrical conversion system, To do this, accessories are configured to meet
this includes generators, electrical performance, plant performance while reducing the size of these
output, cooling medium, mechanical configuration, components. Regional considerations, including
installation, and maintenance. fuel costs, local environmental conditions or lack
of hydrogen availability, will drive generator cooling
The GE generator product line is divided into
medium decisions. Interconnect agreements and
three classifications based on the cooling
grid characteristics and the connection point must
method: water, hydrogen, and air. Air cooling is
also be considered. Plant configurations such as
the least complex method of cooling for lower
steam turbine exhaust direction will establish
output ratings and has the added benefit of
power train centerline heights and decisions on
ease of maintenance. The hydrogen cooled
the most appropriate configuration. All of the
generator is completely sealed for operation with
combined cycle integration decisions also take into
hydrogen gas as the cooling medium. The water
account ease of installation and maintainability of
cooled generator combines the architecture of
the equipment to provide a healthy return to the
a hydrogen cooled unit with direct armature
customer throughout the plant’s entire life cycle.
winding cooling via deionized water passed
through the stator bars. This enhances power
density, which provides higher output and
“The GE generator product
industry-leading efficiency in a smaller package. line is divided into three
Most GE generators can be configured for multi-shaft classifications based on
or single-shaft operation with line side terminals the cooling method: water,
exiting the machine in either top or bottom
hydrogen, and air.”
arrangements, depending on what best suits
plant configuration and layout. All combined cycle
generators applied to gas turbine prime movers
have provisions to accommodate static start
features to achieve plant startup rates.

65
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Electrical Conversion Offerings

GENERATOR
Portfolio and Overview
GE takes generator performance seriously and builds machines to demanding specifications that keep
customers on the leading edge of efficient, reliable output. Systems install fast, integrate easily, and
deliver the power needed with more uptime. With more than 10,000 generators shipped around the
world serving diverse applications, GE understands the operational challenges and offers a complete

Cooling Technologies Innovation and Proven Technology

• GE GEN-A (air cooled) generators are an ideal choice for for Reliable Operation
power system applications that demand simple, flexible Stator
operation. 1 One-piece stator frame configuration eases installation
• GE GEN-H (hydrogen cooled) generators, with low gas and alignment while high-strength isolation system
density, high specific heat, and high thermal conductivity, construction promotes low structural vibration.
are excellent for high efficiency applications. 2 GE’s Tetraloc* end-winding technology helps maintain
• GE GEN-W (water cooled) generators are efficient, operate mechanical integrity throughout the generator’s
within a small footprint when high output requirements operating life.
exceed the cooling capabilities of air cooled or conventional Rotor
hydrogen cooled generators. 3 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses improve
overall performance in a simplified radially cooled field
winding configuration.
60 Hz 800 MVA
GE GEN-W Armature Insulation System
50 Hz 890 MVA 4 Micapal III* stator bar insulation technology enables
higher power density with advanced voltage stress and
60 Hz 630 MVA thermal conductivity capabilities for greater armature
GE GEN-H
50 Hz 590 MVA performance.
Flexible Terminal Lead Arrangements
60 Hz 335 MVA 5 All generator models are available with either leads-up
GE GEN-A
50 Hz 220 MVA or leads-down arrangement to complement GE steam
turbines with axial or side exhausts and capture the value
of reduced centerline height foundations.

4 2

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 POWER ing 2015

range of configurations and cooling technologies to help meet unique performance specs. GE fully
integrates our engineering with manufacturing and life cycle services solutions, to keep customers’
operations reliable and available.

H8 MODEL Modular Generator Architecture

• Constant cross-section core segments achieve higher
product ratings.
• Each additional step is run through comprehensive model
engineering rigor to ensure all electrical and mechanical
specifications are met.
• Common end components drive greater spare parts
efficiency, interchangeability, and maintenance familiarity.

H81 370 MW

H82 394 MW

H83 418 MW

H84 442 MW

H85 465 MW
(50 Hz)

67
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Electrical Conversion Offerings

Cooling Type Frequency Generator Model Output (MVA) Voltage (kV)

GE GEN-A32 57.8 11.5
GE GEN-A33 104.3 11.5
50 Hz
GE GEN-A39 178.0 15.0
GE GEN-A53 212.5 15.8

GE GEN-A32 54.3 13.8

Air GE GEN-A33 98.5 13.8
GE GEN-A35 112.0 13.8
GE GEN-A37 156.9 13.8
60 Hz
GE GEN-A39 198.0 17.0
GE GEN-A61 276.5 16.0
GE GEN-A62 305.0 17.5
GE GEN-A63 334.2 19.0

GE GEN-H53 351.0 15.8

GE GEN-H61 326.3 17.0
GE GEN-H62 348.8 18.5
GE GEN-H63 371.2 19.5
GE GEN-H64 392.5 20.5
GE GEN-H65 415.0 22.0
50 Hz
GE GEN-H66 437.5 23.0
GE GEN-H81 462.5 16.5
GE GEN-H82 492.5 17.5
GE GEN-H83 522.5 18.5
GE GEN-H84 552.5 20.0
GE GEN-H85 581.3 21.0

Hydrogen GE GEN-H33 252.0 18.0

GE GEN-H35 282.6 18.0
GE GEN-H53 408.0 18.0
GE GEN-H61 343.6 19.5
GE GEN-H62 367.0 21.0
GE GEN-H63 390.6 22.5
GE GEN-H64 414.1 23.5
60 Hz
GE GEN-H65 437.6 25.0
GE GEN-H66 461.2 26.0
GE GEN-H81 501.2 19.5
GE GEN-H82 533.0 21.0
GE GEN-H83 564.7 22.5
GE GEN-H84 596.5 23.5
GE GEN-H85 629.5 25.0

GE GEN-W81 593.8 16.5

GE GEN-W82 631.3 17.5
GE GEN-W83 668.8 18.5
50 Hz
GE GEN-W84 706.3 19.5
GE GEN-W85 743.8 21.0
GE GEN-W86 885.2 22.0
Water
GE GEN-W81 632.9 19.0
GE GEN-W82 672.9 20.5
60 Hz GE GEN-W83 712.9 21.5
GE GEN-W84 754.1 23.0
GE GEN-W85 794.2 24.0

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 POWER ing 2015

AIR COOLED GENERATOR

Increased Performance
GE’s air cooled generators are an ideal choice for power system applications that require
efficiency, simplicity, and flexibility in operation. Built on a heritage of more than 100 years
of operational experience, GE’s air cooled generators accommodate up to 335 MVA and
feature compact modular architectures with totally enclosed water to air (TEWAC) or open
ventilated (OV) cooling configurations for up to 98.7% efficiency.

Easy Installation and Maintenance Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz

• Option to ship fully assembled for ease of handling and
Power Factor 0.80 0.85
installation.
Apparent Power 50 MVA to 220 MVA 50 MVA to 335 MVA
• Continuously adjustable alignment without shims and with
a fixator system for ease of installation and maintenance. Efficiency Up to 98.7% Up to 98.7%

• Robust configuration handles a full range of environmental Terminal Voltage 11.5 kV to 15.8 kV 13.8 kV to 19.0 kV
conditions, including weather extremes and environmental
contaminants.

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Electrical Conversion Offerings

HYDROGEN COOLED GENERATOR

Highly Efficient
Hydrogen’s low gas density, high specific heat, and high thermal conductivity enable the
highest efficiency generators in GE’s portfolio. Hydrogen cooled generators use proven
technologies and advanced materials to deliver over 98.9% efficiency. They are well suited
for combined cycle or simple cycle applications on both steam and gas turbines.

Advanced Technology for

Reliability and Performance Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
• Automated hydrogen gas control and sealing, enabled by the
Power Factor 0.80 0.85
Mark VIe Control System, which also reduces the need for
manual intervention in efficient accessories operation. Apparent Power 300 MVA to 590 MVA 240 MVA to 630 MVA
• Upgraded end shield reduces deflection for improved seal Efficiency Up to 99% Up to 99%
system performance; accommodates increased drive train Terminal Voltage 15.8 kV to 21.0 kV 18.0 kV to 25.0 kV
axial expansion and improves access to seal casing and
bearing housing for ease of maintenance.
• Parts commonality applied to both the gas and steam
turbines lowers inventory carrying costs and enables more
efficient outage management.

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 POWER ing 2015

WATER COOLED GENERATOR

Tailored to Individual Applications
GE’s water cooled generators are exceptionally well suited to large power station applications
where output requirements exceed the cooling capabilities of air cooled or conventional
hydrogen cooled options. This reliable generator incorporates the most advanced technology
and robust construction for enhanced operability and ease of maintenance.

Advanced Technology for

Reliability and Performance Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz
• GE’s advanced brazing technology provides the most
Power Factor 0.80 0.85
reliable water cooled bar in the industry.
Apparent Power 590 MVA to 890 MVA 630 MVA to 800 MVA
• Automated hydrogen gas control and sealing, enabled by the
Mark VIe Control System, which also reduces the need for Efficiency Up to 99% Up to 99%
manual intervention in efficient accessories operation. Terminal Voltage 16.5 kV to 22.0 kV 19.0 kV to 24.0 kV
• Parts commonality applied to both the gas and steam
turbines lowers inventory carrying costs and enables more
efficient outage management.

71
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Plant Integration and Controls

PLANT INTEGRATION
Application Capability and Modeling

As a manufacturer of gas turbines, steam turbines, and generators, GE brings unique insight into
system integration through domain expertise and knowledge of how to best take advantage of
application flexibility in major power generation equipment.

Quantitative analysis using steady-state mass and heat balance models provides the basis for
determining power plant system output and heat rate. GE uses a combination of in-house and
customized third party software, modified with proprietary GE methods that are based on decades
of combined cycle experience and performance testing data. For situations involving challenging
transient behavior, GE can perform dynamic simulation studies as part of an extended scope plant
project. These studies aid in defining complex controls and automated sequences while reducing
the time spent on debugging during plant commissioning. The result is combined cycle systems with
“bankable” performance, and system and equipment configurations that best meet customer needs by
incorporating component sizing and characterization appropriate for expected operating conditions.

GE offers customers pre-order support, including plant emissions estimates for permitting purposes.
Startup curves with key plant and unit parameters are available for combined cycle plants in various
configurations.

FUELS POWER

Gases Capacity (MW) Peaking

Natural gas Energy (MWh) Mid Merit
blast furnace Electrical Ancillary Services Base Load
gases to
hydrogen
Compressor Drive (hp)
Mechanical
Oil
Light
distillates Heat to Industrial Process
to heavy District Heating
residuals Thermal Thermal Desalination

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 POWER ing 2015

In addition to performing equipment application and system optimization for traditional power
generation only projects, GE also has a wealth of experience with process integrated power plant
equipment and systems such as gas turbine mechanical drive applications and a variety of
CHP/cogeneration applications.

Applications Primary Considerations

Electrical Power Generation • Optimal output and heat rate
• Most competitive cost of electricity
• Fuel flexibility
Mechanical Drive • Shaft horsepower fit for process
• High reliability
• Extended maintenance intervals
CHP/District Heating • Net heat to process for steam generation
• High reliability
• Condensing and non-condensing steam turbines
• Steam turbines with controlled and uncontrolled extractions
• Integrated system controls
Integrated plants (IWPP, IGCC, and ISCC) • Net heat to process for steam generation
• Combustion system compatibility
• HRSG/process steam integration
• Condensing and non-condensing steam turbines
• Steam turbines with controlled and uncontrolled extractions
• Integrated system controls

73
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Plant Integration and Controls

GE CONTROLS AND
SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
Overview of Control System Architecture
Modern power plants provide far more data and create far more actionable information, making
them much more efficient than in the past. Advanced sensors and smarter instrumentation provide
additional opportunities to utilize “big data” in the form of informational and actionable analytics.
Leveraging and driving these trends, GE has grown its portfolio of controls, software, and analytics
offerings to meet the needs of the digital power plants of the future.

GE has been making control systems for more than 100 years and has been providing integrated
plant controls for a broad range of applications since 2001. The industry continues to demand higher
plant-level performance and operator efficiency. To support these needs, the modular architecture of
the Mark VIe Control System allows for mission-specific turbine control within the same environment
as an open plant control. The single platform enables comprehensive, integrated automation for
improved performance and reliability.

As illustrated below, there are various elements throughout the power plant that make up the control
system infrastructure. These elements work together to create the central nervous system of the
power plant. GE focuses on intuitiveness, simplicity, and efficiency, offering everything from HMIs to
mobile apps to make controls easier and more convenient.

Control System Components 8

Mobile Devices Wearables

Mobile Use
Customer LAN
Firewall/Router

Plant Data Highway

4
8

8
Software
Applications
6 EWS Historian Gateway 5
Engineering
Security ST
Control Room
OSM & OnSite Gateway Unit Data Highway

3
7 6 7 1 7
LS2100e Bently EX2100e Mark VIe EX2100e Mark VIe Mark VIe Mark VIe
Static Nevada Excitation ST Excitation HRSG Utilities EDS
Starter Controls Controls Controls

8 1 2 7 8 7
Mark VIe SIL Generator Generator Mark VIe Water
GT Panel Protection Protection BOP Treatment CEMS T&D
Controls Panel Panel Controls
TC HMI TC HMI

Gas Turbines Steam Turbines Balance of Plant

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 POWER ing 2015

1 Turbine Control Panel

GE provides turbine control panels for all gas turbines and steam turbines as part of the standard offering. The brains of the
turbine control are the CPU modules, while the turbine control connects to the rest of the plant instrumentation through its I/O
interface modules. The Mark VIe Control System includes modular components with an Ethernet backbone, which allows for a
long life cycle; technology is infused into the platform as needed.

Turbine control panels are customized to meet the specific needs of each application, particularly controller redundancy and
I/O type. GE has developed an “intelligent dual” control architecture to replace triple modular redundant (TMR) on specific
gas turbine frame sizes and, where applicable, on associated steam turbines. The philosophy of intelligent dual is to use dual
CPUs and dual I/O networks, and to let sensor and device redundancy be determined by application needs. For protection and
safety systems, sensor redundancy remains triplicated to enhance tripping reliability. For many other instruments in the power
plant, sensor redundancy can be reduced with the inclusion of a surrogate model and soft fault detection in software without
impacting reliability. Some of the benefits of an intelligent dual system are lower installed cost, lower maintenance cost (less
equipment to calibrate and maintain), improved running reliability, lower failure rate, I/O density reduction in the control
panels, and overall simplification of firmware related to controlling dual platforms.

6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02 9E.03 9E.04 9F.03 9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02
TMR X X X X X O O O X X X X X O
Dual X X X X
X Standard offering
O Optional offering

Traditionally, all instruments in the power plant were hard-wired back to the control panel. As more smart devices and
instrumentation became available, digital bus interfaces were incorporated. These interfaces provide a lower overall installed
cost due to the significant reduction of wires and terminations; they also simplify the commissioning process. All of the below
listed digital bus protocols provide significantly more diagnostics directly to the controller, allowing for faster troubleshooting
and preventative maintenance.

•C
 ANopen® is a fast digital bus protocol used when electrically actuated valves are included in the power plant configuration.

•P
 rofibus™ DP is a digital bus protocol that GE uses for electrical integration when Smart MCC’s are included in the
power plant design

•F
 OUNDATION™ Fieldbus is a digital bus protocol for process control instruments.

6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02 9E.03 9E.04 9F.03 9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02
Hard-wired X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CANopen X X X X X
Profibus X X X X
FFB X X X X

2 Mark VIeS Safety Controller

In addition to the turbine control panel, a Mark VIeS Safety controller can be provided. This is not a turbine control on its own,
however, it can be applied for SIL certification of specific safety-critical protection loops within a turbine control or burner
management, emergency shutdown, and fire and gas applications in the balance of plant. The Mark VIeS Safety Controller is
essentially a locked configuration that does not permit changes to the safety-certified hardware or software, while the main
Mark VIe turbine control can be reprogrammed and configured as needed for each site.

Mark VIeS Safety Controller and Mark VIe Control Systems share a common architecture and software tools to simplify
plant operations and maintenance.

75
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Plant Integration and Controls

3 Plant Controls
The Mark VIe Plant Control System (DCS) is offered when GE provides an extended scope plant package beyond the gas turbine
or steam turbine. The system is based on the Mark VIe platform and takes advantage of remote I/O and controllers for the
HRSG and other balance of plant mechanical and electrical equipment. It integrates the gas turbine, steam turbine, HRSG and
balance of plant, providing a seamless operator interface, alarm management, data archiving, automatic startup and shutdown
control, plant load control, data reporting and communication to other plant-level applications. A full complement of control
room equipment creates an effective operator environment and a one system approach reduces multi-system complexities.
The Mark VIe Plant Control System is easy to install, commission, operate, and maintain.

4 Control Software Applications

The combination of GE’s controls hardware architecture and software applications enables the performance, operability, and
availability of the plant’s turbine, generator, and power plant equipment. The control system delivers GE’s OEM expertise in
the form of advanced control and protection algorithms that allow the equipment to run closer to design basis and thereby
improve efficiency, emissions, turndown capability, fuel flexibility, grid transient response, and more.

Each gas turbine, steam turbine, and plant controller has core controls software that operates the power plant, provides
protection for the power plant equipment, and enables supervisory monitoring and analytics.

In addition to core functionality, GE has developed advanced software applications to improve overall operability, and adapt to
changing needs. These advanced applications form GE’s OpFlex technology portfolio, and provide the following benefits:
•Q
 uick power delivery in response to changing grid demands.
•A
 voidance of equipment limitations that prevent power plants from capitalizing on emerging opportunities.
•E
 limination of slow, inefficient startups and their associated costs.
•C
 ost effective means of staying online.
•A
 bility to meet more demand and to generate revenue through ancillary services.
•R
 eduction of emissions “events” and potentially costly compliance penalties that can result.
•E
 xpansion of plant operating window.

The below table includes all of the additional software features that are either standard or provided as options. Detailed
descriptions of each software feature are included in the Appendix.

6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02 9E.03/.04 9F.03/.04 9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02
OpFlex Startup Agility Solutions
GT Fast Start O – – O O O O O O – – O O
GT Purge Credit N/A O – N/A O O X X N/A O O O O
GT Variable Load Path N/A – – N/A – – – – N/A O – – –
OpFlex Combustion Versatility Solutions
Grid: Enhanced Transient Stability – X X – X X X X – X X X X
Tuning: AutoTune LT O – – O N/A N/A N/A N/A O – – N/A N/A
Tuning: AutoTune DX O O O O X X X X O O O X X
Tuning: AutoTune MX – – – – – – – – – O – – –
OpFlex Load Flexibility Solutions
Output: Variable Airflow – – O – O O O O – O O O O
Output: Variable Peak Fire O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Output: Cold Day Performance – – O – X X X X – O O X X
Responsiveness: Fast Ramp – O – – O O O O – O – O O
Responsiveness: Grid Services Package O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Turndown: Extended Turndown – – – – O X X X – – – X X
Efficiency: Variable Inlet Bleed Heat – – – – – X X X – O O X X
OpFlex System Reliability Solutions
Fuels: HFO Availability Package O N/A N/A O N/A N/A N/A N/A O N/A N/A N/A N/A
Systems Reliability: AutoRecover (for DLN) X N/A N/A X N/A N/A N/A N/A X N/A N/A N/A N/A
X Standard offering
O Optional offering
– Not developed to date
N/A Not applicable

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 POWER ing 2015

The steam turbine controls software also has additional features to enhance steam turbine and plant operability. These
features are applied under the OpFlex Steam Turbine Agility offering, which includes the below list. Detailed descriptions of
each feature are included in the Appendix.
•O
 pFlex Steam Turbine Agility
— Enhanced automatic turbine startup with rotor stress control
— Modified reverse flow
— Improved acceleration control
— Inlet pressure control set point tracking
The following plant control software features are available to enhance plant operability whenever a GE HRSG or plant control is
provided. Detailed descriptions of each feature are included in the Appendix.
•H
 RSG OpFlex Startup Solutions
— Advanced attemperator control
— Advanced SCR ammonia control
•P
 lant Operability Solutions
— Rapid Response
— Plant one button start

5 Network Security
GE’s cyber security management system provides protection by using a defense in depth approach. The first layer of defense is
the Mark VIe Control System itself, which is cyber hardened. The system includes an Achilles-certified CPU module along with
hardened network switches and HMI’s within a segmented network.

The second layer of defense is an optional IT security appliance, a server called SecurityST*, which provides the following functionality:
•P
 atch management.
•A
 nti-virus/malware signature updates.
•B
 ackup and recovery.
• I ntrusion detection.
•C
 entralized access and account management.
•S
 ecurity information event management (SIEM).

The third layer of defense is a security patching service provided by the GE Measurement &Control business that provides the
following to keep the cyber security management system up to date:
•O
 S updates, security patches.
•A
 nti-virus/malware prevention.
• T hird party software security patches.

6 Monitoring Systems
GE offers several monitoring systems that can be tailored to specific customer needs. The primary monitoring system is the
GE On-Site Monitor (OSM), which provides connectivity from the GE control system to the GE Remote Monitoring & Diagnostic
Center in Atlanta, GA.

Other optional monitoring systems that utilize advanced sensor technology include:
•V
 ibration.
•C
 ombustion dynamics.
•B
 lade health.
•P
 lant thermal performance.
•H
 RSG stress.
•R
 emote Services Gateway (RSG).

77
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Plant Integration and Controls

7 Electrical Protection and Control

Excitation
Exciters are classified according to the source of their input power (potential source or compound source), by how the output
power is developed (static or rotating exciters), and by the level of redundancy provided in the system (simplex, dual, or n+1).

The EX2100e generator excitation control is a highly reliable control, protection, and monitoring system. Its flexible
architecture, modern networks, and versatile software suite simplify operation and integration with plant-level controls.
Advanced algorithms incorporate decades of fleet experience and the latest controls technology to deliver the performance
needed in today’s power generation industry.

Steam Turbine System Type Redundancy

Large Systems Reliability: AutoRecover Systems Reliability: AutoRecover
Medium and Small Systems Reliability: AutoRecover Systems Reliability: AutoRecover

Gas Turbine System Type Redundancy

9HA.01/.02 Potential source static exciter Multi-bridge
7HA.01/.02
9F.03/.05
7F.04/.05
9E.03/.04 Brushless regulator (typical) Simplex* and warm backup option
7E.03
6F.03
6F.01
6B.03

Generator Protection System

The GE generator protection system provides comprehensive primary and backup protection for medium and large generators.
It includes automation and communication capabilities, I/O options, and fault recording to simplify postmortem analysis and
reduce generator downtime. GE’s generator and transformer protection systems use the GE Multilin* family of protective relays,
which also provides power quality instrumentation, a motor protection system, and related solutions.

Static Starter
The LS2100e static starter for GE’s heavy duty gas turbines is more economical than a motor, diesel engine, or torque
converter. The static starter is an AC drive known as a load-commutated inverter or static-frequency converter. As a member
of the Mark VIe control product family, it communicates peer-to-peer with other controls on the same network. This reduces
field wiring and eliminates the need for multiple controllers, simplifying operations and maintenance. The static starter
controls the generator as a synchronous motor, providing high accelerating torque from turning gear speed without the
need for auxiliaries, saving space at the turbine base.

Static starters are offered in the following configurations:

•A
 static starter for each gas turbine.
•A
 static starter for multiple gas turbines (up to four).
• T wo static starters cross-linked to multiple turbines (up to eight).

8 User Experience
A critical part of GE’s controls architecture is the user experience. Today’s users are busier and have more responsibility than
ever. GE understands that customers need human-machine interfaces, apps, and other tools that are useful and intuitive. From
observing users in natural settings to creating configurations and evaluating them, GE delivers user experiences that promote
productivity and informed decision making. Benefits include:
•E
 ase of use for better decision making and effectiveness.
•P
 ersistent visibility of key data for situational awareness.
•Q
 uick access to key functionality.
•M
 inimal task completion steps.

78
 POWER ing 2015

•E
 fficient maintenance and troubleshooting.
•R
 educed workforce skills needed.
•M
 obile apps for on-the-go functionality.
•C
 onsistent look-and-feel across applications to increase efficiency.
Human-Machine Interfaces
Operators experience the plant equipment through the control system, therefore the interface and user experience are
important. Research shows that poorly designed human-machine interfaces contribute to operator errors and even lost
revenue. GE’s answer is an operator-centered human-machine interface that is simple, intuitive, and efficient.

The interface enhances operator efficiency and improves alarm management through:
•C
 onformance to ISA 18.2, The High Performance HMI Handbook (PAS), and other industry guidelines.
• I mproved situational awareness and anomaly detection.
•R
 educed information and cognitive overload.
•A
 utomated startup and shutdown of plants with clear status indication.
•8
 0% fewer actionable alarms than past systems.
•A
 larms that are rationalized and prioritized by severity.
Mobile Apps and Wearables
In today’s operating environment, users are increasingly on the go. GE’s mobile apps enable customers to take key functionality
with them. For example, mobile maintenance workers can analyze gas combustion dynamics from anywhere to prioritize plant
visits. Using Predix*, GE’s software platform for the Industrial Internet, GE provides mobile solutions for asset and operations
optimization. Most importantly, GE apps provide the following benefits:
•S
 ecure connection to machine data via GE Remote Monitoring & Diagnostics Center, OSM or historian.
•P
 rivate or public cloud use.
•D
 ata synchronization for offline use.
•C
 ollaboration across platforms and experts.
Web Portals
Customers need efficient access to the information they need when they need it. That’s what GE’s Power Generation portal
does for operators. From learning the latest about GE’s offerings to accessing custom dashboards, GE’s portal is a user’s
gateway to information. Benefits include:
•C
 entralized access to relevant information.
•S
 upport for the entire plant life cycle.
•C
 ollaboration tools to connect with GE.
•C
 onsistent look-and-feel across applications to increase efficiency.
Tools
GE gives customers the tools they need to maintain and/or increase the value of their plant assets. My Dashboard connects
customers to the technical information they need, keeps them updated about the latest events and news and allows them to
connect with product support. Tools like Asset Evaluator* and MyFleet* assess operational situations and benchmark assets
to identify ways to improve performance. The My Power & Water Store connects customers to the parts they need. With an
eye toward convenience, customers can count on GE’s tools for:
•R
 esources to support the entire plant life cycle.
•Q
 uick access to parts and orders.
• I n-depth relevant technical information.
•C
 ase management and other collaboration tools to obtain GE support.

79
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Power Generation Development and Validation Facilities

POWER GENERATION DEVELOPMENT

AND VALIDATION FACILITIES
Being a technology leader and innovator in the power generation industry requires a relentless drive
to expand engineering capabilities and domain expertise. In order to bring new technological advances
to the industry and have them reliably deliver value to customers, GE relies upon its rigorous and
methodical validation philosophy, a process at the heart of GE’s engineering practices.

The physical evidence of this commitment, one GE takes pride in sharing with its customers, is the
broad suite of development and validation facilities utilized by GE’s Power Generation technology
teams. These laboratories and test stands serve all of the major products and enable validation of new
technology throughout the product life cycle—everything from characterization of new materials and
manufacturing methods to the validation of a complete gas turbine system. They even consider new
tooling and processes for the most efficient servicing of products in the field.

As a result of its investment in these capabilities, GE is accelerating the pace at which new technology
and products are being introduced into an increasingly demanding industry, and doing so with proven,
validated products to give customers confidence in making GE their power generation solution provider.

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 POWER ing 2015

Gas Turbines Advantages of GE’s Test Stands

The world’s largest and most powerful variable speed, Compared to On-Grid Testing
variable load, non-grid connected gas turbine test facility Testing Capability
Located in Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.A., this $200 million • Flexibility – no frequency, speed or load restrictions.
facility includes variable speed, variable load, off-grid testing to • Instrumentation to investigate critical interactions.
fully validate GE’s gas turbines at and above full load conditions.
• Timely learning – prompt post-test teardown inspection
Capable of replicating a real-world grid environment at full
and implementation of product enhancements.
capacity, the facility tests 50 and 60 Hz gas turbines well beyond
normal power plant conditions seen in the field. The test facility Operability
includes control room, data center, and nerve center areas, • Map combustion operability beyond what’s possible in field.
all connected by an advanced communication system that
• Complete compressor mapping, including identification of
facilitates thorough data collection during each test. The Mark
the surge line.
VIe Control System operates the gas turbine throughout testing
to validate and refine the control logic and advanced models. • Verification of machine capability and durability from
extreme grid events.
Equally important as the system level results, the validation
Performance
facility data collection system enables the recording of a
• Ability to tune part load performance and turndown through
tremendous amount of part-specific temperature information enhanced measurement of boundary conditions.
on casing structures, rotor, and hot gas path components
• Optimization of compressor variable vane position.
throughout the transient and steady state loaded conditions.
This provides GE with an unrivaled understanding of actual • Enhance load path using expanded knowledge of
compressor/combustion boundaries.
component temperatures, which is crucial in confirming
the thermal strain on the parts for accurate component • Optimization of tip clearances utilizing data collected during
life analyses. extreme event testing.

Durability
This level of testing prepares these turbines for nearly any
• Data collected calibrates analysis to confirm part
condition they may experience once installed and operating, and strains and vibrational stresses enabling optimization of
provides GE with invaluable knowledge of turbine performance component life, cooling, and performance.
under the most demanding conditions. New gas turbine models
are then proven in their operability, performance, and durability
prior to entering commercial service. GE’s Test Stand …
Unmatched Capabilities Compared to On-Grid Testing
• More than 8,000 data streams captured continuously GE Test On-Grid
during testing. Validation Area Impact Facility Prototype
• Ability to run natural gas and liquid distillate fuels. Fully Grid
Performance MW/HR Mapped Limited
• Capable of testing multiple gas turbine models.
Fully Not
Fleet Risk RAM/Operability Mapped Quantified
• Full-scale compressor mapping and validation.
• Over 800 test hours planned for HA gas turbines Pressure Ratio Fully Not
MW/HR/RAM
Surge Risk Mapped Quantified
CORRECTED FLOW

through 2017.
Exhaust Limits Site
BOP Interface
Characteristics Validated Limited
Comparison to Fleet Results Hot/Cold MW/HR/RAM Fully Site
Flexibility Mapped Limited
Load Following Ramp Rate/RAM Fully Site
Capability Quantified Limited

PRESSURE RATIOGrid Code Limits Grid

CORRECTED FLOW

RAM/Dispatch
Compliance Validated Limited
7F.05 Validation (1 Unit)
7F.03/.04 Fleet Data (534 Units) Rotor
Dynamics/ Fully Site
RAM/Operability
Vibration Quantified Limited

Combustor Fully Site

RAM/Operability
Tones/Dynamics Mapped Limited
Fully Site
PRESSURE RATIO Clearances Performance Mapped Limited
7F.05 Validation (1 Unit)
Stresses
7F.03/.04 Fleet Data (534 Units) Erosion/Wear/ Site
MW/HR/RAM and Temps
Degradation Limited
Mapped

81
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Power Generation Development and Validation Facilities

Combustion Lab Steam Turbines

The world’s largest and most flexible Power generation equipment must perform when required
combustor module test facility and as expected for customers to maximize earnings. To
Also located in Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.A., this 575,000 support that requirement, GE has invested in significant
square-foot facility includes laboratory and office space for validation capability enhancements over the past decade.
the air cooled gas turbine design team. The facility includes The validation process includes technology, component,
subsystem and system testing. World-class SOA and GE
five independent test cells, housing 10 full-scale, single-can
developed and maintained data acquisition systems allow
test stands that can evaluate the full range of GE combustors
for real-time monitoring of massive quantities of high-speed
installed in the world’s fleets. This provides the capability to
data, concurrent real-time data calculations, and in test
run eight different fired tests per week and up to 342 fired
processing for engineering decision making. They also allow
tests in one year. The facility is capable of replicating real-world
for real-time data streaming to dedicated data servers.
fuel compositions at full-scale flow conditions to determine the
combustor’s complete operability and fuel flexibility envelope. Low Pressure Development Turbine – Schenectady, NY
In addition to housing the fired test stands, the facility includes The low pressure development turbine provides best-in-class
a control room, data center, emissions measurement center, aeromechanics and performance testing of last stage blades
instrumentation shop, and fabrication shop. The facilities and steam paths. The rig provides section or stage-by-stage
are capable of performing component-level flow testing, as performance and can simulate fossil or combined cycle
well as ping testing and accelerated life testing to provide an applications. It is equipped with advanced data systems,
overall system-level architecture for operability and durability including non-contact blade vibration detection and unique
requirements. This level of testing prepares GE’s combustors for inner stage, exhaust, and hood measurement capabilities
any condition they may experience once installed and operating with state-of-the-art traversing probes. Advanced turbine
around the globe at customer sites. path component technologies are tested, including 3D
aerodynamics and seal architecture.
• Up to 1,000 data streams captured continuously for every test.
High Pressure Test Vehicle – Lynn, MA
• Ability to run natural gas, propane, butane, ethane, nitrogen,
The multistage high pressure test vehicle steam turbine rig has
hydrogen, CO, and CO2, as well as multiple liquid fuel-types.
similar capabilities and data acquisition technologies as the
• Capable of testing all current GE fleet configurations at low pressure development turbine and provides best-in-class
full-scale conditions, as well as develop new combustion aero performance test capability of HP and IP steam turbine
systems for customer needs. blades and steam paths.
• Full-scale combustor development before installation into
Wheel Box Test Facility – Schenectady, NY
a gas turbine for on-site full-speed, full-load, off-grid
system validation. The wheel box test facility collects aero-mechanical data
on single or multi-stage gas or steam turbine products. The
rig can operate at variable speed in a deep vacuum and vary
excitation to simulate a variety of operating conditions.
Validating airfoil vibration characteristics is critical to
ensuring part life and product operational capabilities.

Subsonic Air Turbine – Schenectady, NY

The subsonic air turbine utilizes compressed air in lieu of
steam for testing. The rig can provide section or stage-by-
stage performance of up to two stages of steam or gas
turbine airfoils. It provides key data needed to validate
improvements obtained using 3D aerodynamics in the turbine
airfoils by allowing for rapid DOE’s critical to the development
of advanced airfoil configuration tools.

Stationary Air Cells Test Facilities – Schenectady, NY

The stationary air cells provide flexibility to flow test a variety
of components in both full and part scale configurations. The
cells allow for varying flow, velocity, and back pressure to
acquire data for use in gas and steam turbine inlets, exhausts,
diffusers, seals, flow guides, and hoods.

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 POWER ing 2015

Generators Control Simulation and Virtualization

Continued investment in product development and validation New Product Development
enables the progression of highly reliable and efficient Simulation is an integral part of manufacturing at GE. Before a
technology. Since 2009, the generator development and new product or plant is built, a virtual version is created using
validation facility in Schenectady, NY has been testing GE virtual controller technology and process models. The
components, subsystems, systems, and complete generators, product/plant is then operated in various modes to validate
and has made great contributions to the overall evolution of performance. Customers are invited to witness their entire
generator technology. system operate in a simulated environment.
Non-Metallic Materials Lab Project Simulation
World-class development and test facility enables insulation Control system acceptance tests use GE’s scalable simulation
systems development and non-metallic component testing. platform. Virtual simulators on a desktop or in the cloud are
used to validate quality and completeness for a smooth install.
Rotor Torsional Testing
GE’s passion for simulation, virtual simulator technology, and
The Schenectady balance bunker performs torsional vibration scalable testing platform promotes quality and complete
tests on generator fields. Data from individual rotors is used control solutions.
to validate full-train torsional models and mitigate risk of
torsional resonance. Customer Simulation and Training
GE simulator technology has been provided to customers in
Field Ventilation Lab
training simulators. Saudi Electric Company (SEC) purchased
This stationary test rig validates new ventilation schemes for a GE simulator that accurately represented their combined
generator fields. DC current is passed through copper field cycle power plant. SEC identified operation and control issues
turns while ventilation gas cools the turns. This capability during simulator development and before plant startup; those
allows for the testing of new ventilation patterns to potentially issues were corrected without a delay in plant commissioning.
allow uprates to both new and existing units with field rewinds.

Armature End Winding Lab

Thermal and mechanical cycling of full scale end winding
support systems provide the opportunity to evaluate new
materials, support systems, and configurations.

Armature Development Lab

This lab tests new armature bar and slot support systems
at current levels up to 17,000 amps or bar forces upwards of
200 lbf per inch of stator bar length.

Generator Thermal Cycling and Endurance Test Stand

A $14 million upgrade to the existing generator test stand has
added the capability for full-scale rapid, thermal cyclic duty and
endurance testing with capabilities including, but not limited
to, open circuit, short circuit, and sudden short circuit. This
capability delivers proven operability and performance of new
generator models—including the latest structured product
line series of generators—before they enter commercial
service. In addition to housing the drive train, the test facility
includes control room and data centers, as well as an onsite
remote nerve center area, all connected by an advanced
communication system that facilitates thorough data
collection during each test.

83
POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Technical Data

APPENDIX
Technical Data 50/60 Hz (Geared) 50 Hz
6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 9E.03 9E.04 9F.03 9F.04
SC Net Output (MW) 44 51 80 132 143 265 280
SC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 10,180 8,980 9,470 9,860 9,250 9,020 8,840
SC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 10,740 9,474 9,991 10,403 9,759 9,517 9,327
SC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 33.5% 38.0% 36.0% 34.6% 36.9% 37.8% 38.6%

GT Parameters
Compression Pressure Ratio (X:1) 12.7 21.2 16.0 13.0 13.2 16.8 16.8
Generator Configuration (Type) GEN-A31 GEN-A32 GEN-A33 GEN-A39 GEN-A39 GEN-H53 GEN-H53
Number of Combustor Cans 10 6 6 14 14 18 18
Number of Compressor Stages 17 12 18 17 17 18 18
Number of Turbine Stages 3 3 3 3 4 3 3
ExhaustTemperature (°F/°C) 1,019/549 1,106/597 1,113/601 1,012/544 1,004/540 1,104/595 1,125/607
Exhaust Energy (MM Btu/hr) 289 277 472 828 814 1,458 1,496
Exhaust Energy (MM kJ/hr) 305 292 498 874 858 1,538 1,579
GT Turndown Minimum Load (%) 50% 40% 52% 35% 35% 35% 35%
GT Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11 12 7 11 12 22 23
NOx (ppmvd) at Baseload (@15% O2) 4 25 15 5 5 15 15
CO (ppm) at Min. Turndown w/o Abatement 25 9 9 25 25 24 24
Wobbe Variation (%) >+/-30 >+/-10 +20, -10 >+/-30 >+/-30 +25, -10 +25, -10
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 12 12 29 10 10 15 15

1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS

Power Plant Configuration 6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 9E.03 9E.04 9F.03 9F.04
CC Net Output (MW) 67 75 123 199 208 404 426
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,630 6,120 6,170 6,530 6,360 5,860 5,770
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,995 6,457 6,510 6,890 6,710 6,183 6,088
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.5% 55.8% 55.3% 52.3% 53.7% 58.2% 59.1%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 3PRH 3PRH
Condenser Type Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru
Condenser Pressure (in.Hga) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
HP Throttle Press. (psia/bar) 1,900/131 1,900/131 2,000/138 1,500/103 1,500/103 2,400/165 2,400/165
HP Throttle Temp. (°F/°C) 1,000/538 1,050/566 1,050/566 980/527 975/524 1,050/566 1,050/566
Reheat Temp. (°F/°C) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,050/566 1,050/566
ST Configuration (Type) ST-A250 ST-A250 ST-A250 ST-A200 ST-A200 ST-A650 ST-A650
GT Generator Type (Cooling) Air Air Air Air Air Hydrogen Hydrogen
ST Generator Type (Cooling) Air Air Air Air Air Hydrogen Hydrogen
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 57% 53% 59% 72% 70% 46% 45%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 11 12 7 11 12 22 22
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30 30 45 38 38 38 38

2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS

Power Plant Configuration 6B.03 6F.01 6F.03 9E.03 9E.04 9F.03 9F.04
CC Net Output (MW) 135 150 245 401 420 811 855
CC Net Heat Rate (Btu/kWh, LHV) 6,600 6,100 6,130 6,460 6,300 5,840 5,750
CC Net Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, LHV) 6,963 6,436 6,467 6,816 6,647 6,162 6,067
CC Net Efficiency (%, LHV) 51.7% 55.9% 55.7% 52.8% 54.2% 58.4% 59.3%
Bottoming Cycle Type 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 2PNRH 3PRH 3PRH
Condensor Type Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru
Condenser Pressure (in.Hga) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
HP Throttle Press. (psia/bar) 1,900/131 1,900/131 1,500/103 1,500/103 1,500/103 2,400/165 2,400/165
HP Throttle Temp. (°F/°C) 1,000/538 1,050/566 1,050/566 980/527 975/524 1,050/566 1,050/566
Reheat Temp. (°F/°C) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,050/566 1,050/566
ST Configuration (Type) ST-A250 ST-A250 ST-D200 ST-D200 ST-D200 ST-D650 ST-D650
GT Generator Type (Cooling) Air Air Air Air Air Hydrogen Hydrogen
ST Generator Type (Cooling) Air Air Air Air Air Hydrogen Hydrogen
Plant Turndown – Minimum Load (%) 29% 27% 30% 36% 35% 23% 22%
Ramp Rate (MW/min) 22 24 13 22 25 44 44
Startup Time (Hot, Minutes) 30 30 45 38 38 38 38

NOTE: All ratings are net plant based on ISO conditions and natural gas fuel. Actual performance will vary with project specific conditions and fuel.
2PNRH = Two Pressure, Non-Reheat; 3PRH = Three Pressure, Reheat

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50 Hz 60 Hz
9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7F.05 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02
299 397 510 91 198 224 231 275 337
8,810 8,220 8,170 10,060 8,840 8,670 8,640 8,240 8,210
9,295 8,673 8,620 10,614 9,327 9,147 9,116 8,694 8,662
38.7% 41.5% 41.8% 33.9% 38.6% 39.4% 39.5% 41.4% 41.6%

18.3 21.8 23.5 12.8 16.2 18.4 18.2 18.4 21.5 22.9
GEN-H55 GEN-H84 GEN-H85 GEN-A35 GEN-H33 GEN-H35 GEN-H35 GEN-H35 GEN-H53 GEN-H65
18 16 16 10 14 14 14 14 12 12
18 14 14 17 18 14 14 14 14 14
3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
1,187/642 1,150/621 1,206/652 1,022/550 1,149/620 1,099/593 1,136/613 1,142/617 1,164/629 1,166/630
1,593 1,906 2,430 584 1,056 1,176 1,207 1,212 1,330 1,620
1,681 2,011 2,564 616 1,114 1,241 1,273 1,279 1,403 1,709
38% 40% 40% 35% 48% 38% 38% 45% 25% 40%
24 60 70 7 30 40 40 40 50 50
25 25 25 4 9 5 9 12 25 25
10 9 9 25 9 9 9 9 9 9
+/-10 +/-10 +/-10 >+/-30 +20, -10 +/-7.5 +/-7.5 +/-7.5 +/-10 +/-10
23 11 12 10 11 11 11 11 10 12

1x1 SS 1x1 SS 1x1 SS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 MS 1x1 SS

9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02
460 592 755 139 292 359 406 501
5,670 5,540 5,517 6,640 5,800 5,740 5,570 5,530
5,982 5,845 5,821 7,006 6,119 6,056 5,877 5,834
60.2% 61.6% 61.8% 51.4% 58.8% 59.4% 61.3% 61.7%
3PRH 3PRH 3PRH 2PNRH 3PRH 3PRH 3PRH 3PRH
Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
2,400/165 2,400/165 2,400/165 1,500/103 1,800/124 2,400/165 2,400/165 2,400/165
1,112/600 1,112/600 1,112/600 990/532 1,050/566 1,050/566 1,112/600 1,112/600
1,112/600 1,112/600 1,112/600 N/A 1,050/566 1,050/566 1,112/600 1,112/600
ST-D650 ST-D650 ST-D650 ST-A200 ST-A450 ST-D650 ST-D650 ST-D650
Hydrogen Hydrogen Water Air Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen
N/A N/A N/A Air Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen N/A
46% 47% 47% 67% 58% 48% 33% 47%
24 60 70 7 30 40 50 50
38 <30 <30 35 28 25 <30 <30

2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS 2x1 MS

9F.05 9HA.01 9HA.02 7E.03 7F.04 7F.05 7HA.01 7HA.02
923 1,181 1,515 281 588 723 817 1,005
5,650 5,540 5,495 6,580 5,760 5,700 5,540 5,510
5,961 5,845 5,798 6,942 6,077 6,014 5,845 5,813
60.4% 61.6% 62.1% 51.9% 59.2% 59.9% 61.6% 61.9%
3PRH 3PRH 3PRH 2PNRH 3PRH 3PRH 3PRH 3PRH
Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru Once Thru
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
2,400/165 2,400/165 2,400/165 1,500/103 2,400/165 2,400/165 2,400/165 2,400/165
1,112/600 1,112/600 1,112/600 990/532 1,050/566 1,050/566 1,112/600 1,112/600
1,112/600 1,112/600 1,112/600 N/A 1,050/566 1,050/566 1,112/600 1,112/600
ST-D600 ST-D600 ST-D600 ST-A200 ST-D650 ST-D650 ST-D650 ST-D650
Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Air Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen
Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Air Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen
23% 24% 24% 33% 29% 24% 16% 23%
48 120 140 15 60 80 100 100
38 <30 <30 35 28 25 <30 <30

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POWER GENERATION PRODUCTS CATALOG I Technical Data

Software and Technology Descriptions

Gas Turbine OpFlex Technology Descriptions
OpFlex Startup Agility Solutions
E-Class Fast Start Employs a 10 minute start to base load. shortened purge, “Fire-on-the-fly”, faster acceleration and loading, lower
maintenance factors (includes AutoRecover on DLN units).
F-Class Fast Start/Purge Credit Fast-start: employs a “purge credit” system which moves the startup purge to the prior shutdown, plus faster acceleration
and loading rates to achieve near baseload output in 10 minutes. This enables participation in Non-Spinning Reserve
Ancillary Services markets.
Variable Load Path Innovative model-based control approach utilizing AutoTune MX provides independent adjustment of gas turbine load and
exhaust temperature. Enables real time, customized gas turbine operation to better meet plant start-up and operational
objectives, while adhering to plant equipment boundaries.

OpFlex Combustion Versatility Solutions

Grid: Enhanced Transient Stability Employs multiple technologies on a Model-Based Control (MBC) software platform to improve robustness to grid
frequency transients and meet future grid code requirements to ensure a stable power grid. Modern sensor fault
detection, isolation, and accommodation (FDIA) schemes enable continued operation in conditions where traditional
control would have results in a trip, thus improving overall availability and reliability.
Tuning: AutoTune LT Provides advanced automated DLN tuning capability through continuous fuel split schedule biasing as ambient conditions
change and as turbine hardware and performance degrades over time, reducing the need for tuning at any time for
emissions compliance.
Tuning: AutoTune DX Provides GE’s most robust automated DLN combustor tuning solution by combining MBC technology and detailed,
field validated combustion models with combustion dynamics feedback. Combustor health is monitored and tuned
continuously, enabling increased gas fuel composition flexibility, avoidance of seasonal tuning for emissions compliance,
and expanded capability to handle, large rapid transients.
Tuning: AutoTune MX Builds on AutoTune DX to extend automated DLN combustor tuning to all combustion modes and across the entire gas
turbine load range down to FSNL. Further enhances gas fuel flexibility and enables customization of gas turbine exhaust
conditions at any load to provide unprecedented operational flexibility.

OpFlex Load Flexibility Solutions

Output: Variable Airflow Utilizes advanced combustor fuel scheduling to enable flexible operation at higher maximum IGV settings to provide
increased output while maintaining emissions compliance, or at lower settings to provide improved combined-cycle
efficiency.
Output: Variable Peak Fire Provides the capability to variably overfire the GT for increased output when economic conditions justify the increased
maintenance cost and increased emissions. This option includes functionality to increase output as much as possible
while automatically maintaining emissions compliance.
Output: Cold Day Performance Takes advantage of OpFlex AutoTune DX to improve DLN combustor operability in cold weather, thus allowing higher firing
temperatures and significantly higher output in cold conditions while maintaining emissions compliance.
Responsiveness: Fast Ramp Enables load ramping at up to 2.5 times the normal rate, such that the full minimum-load-to-baseload range can be
covered in less than four minutes, enabling increased participation in regulating reserve markets.
Responsiveness: Grid Services Package Provides multiple custom software packages to ensure compliance with country-specific grid codes worldwide and enable
greater participation in ancillary services markets.
Turndown: Extended Turndown Extends low emissions operation to lower load levels, enabling reduced fuel consumption at minimum loads and
improving the economics to remain online during off-peak demand periods and avoid shutdown and startup costs. This
also extends the available load range for operation, improving dispatch flexibility and enabling greater participation in
regulating reserve markets.
Efficiency: Variable Inlet Bleed Heat Replaces conservative anti-icing protection logic with a model-based control approach to reduce inefficient Inlet Bleed
Heat use, particularly in warm weather, to provide significant improvements in part load efficiency.

OpFlex System Reliability Solutions

Fuels: HFO Availability Package Utilizes a rapid cooldown, automated turbine wash cycle, and MBC to improve availability of turbines burning heavy fuel
oil (HFO), which are subject to rapid performance degradation.
Systems Reliability: AutoRecover Enables B/E-class DLN1 combustors to quickly and automatically return to low emissions premix operation following
external transients which can cause the combustor to enter high emissions, high maintenance factor operation.

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 POWER ing 2015

Steam Turbine OpFlex Technology Descriptions

OpFlex Steam Turbine Agility Startup Solutions
Enhanced Automatic Turbine Startup An Enhanced Automatic Turbine Startup (ATS) routine provides a fully automated steam turbine startup from ready
with Rotor Stress Control to start conditions, bringing the machine from turning gear operation to Inlet Pressure Control (IPC) with a push of a
single button. Temperature references are generated within the steam turbine unit controller and integrated with the
temperature matching function of the gas turbine unit controller to provide a fully automated temperature ramping
solution.
Modified Reverse Flow For opposed flow HP-IP steam turbines, Modified Reverse Flow improves the ability to avoid radial-rub-induced vibration
caused by asymmetric heating of the shell during colder starts.
Improved Acceleration Control For large steam turbines in 2x1 and 3x1 combined cycle configuration, an improved ST acceleration algorithm provides
better accommodation for low steam production starts when operating with one gas turbine.
Inlet Pressure Control Setpoint Tracking Inlet Pressure Control (IPC) Setpoint Tracking automatically adjusts the IPC setpoint to provide the correct setting as the
plant is maneuvered to meet dispatch demand, while retaining its responsiveness to pressure disturbances. The main
control valve(s) are open as far as possible to avoid unnecessary throttling, and be in a better position to respond to a
GT/HRSG trip, thereby avoiding a cascading trip of a second HRSG. Eliminating unnecessary throttling benefits the plant
through improved long-term valve reliability and greater output.

Plant Control Software Technology Descriptions

HRSG OpFlex Startup Solutions
Advanced Attemperator Control Model-based control principles enable feed-forward control loops to proactively adjust HRSG attemperator flows during
GT startup and load changes, enabling more accurate regulation of steam temperature during all modes of operation, thus
reducing instability and the risk of a plant trip. This enables shorter start times, avoids runbacks, reduces HRSG wear and
tear and allows reliable operation at higher steam temperatures to improve plant heat rate and output.
Advanced SCR Ammonia Control Advanced SCR Ammonia Control utilizes model based control with SCR inlet NOx and ammonia injection and catalyst
system models in conjunction with exhaust stack measurement and control, ensuring minimal ammonia slip, thus
reducing NOx emissions during startup and normal operation.

Plant Operability Solutions

Rapid Response Rapid Response combined cycle system engineering is a GE plant solution delivering enhanced operating flexibility while
maintaining state of the art steady state performance. Rapid Response breaks the links that cause the steam cycle to
restrict gas turbine startup in a conventional combined cycle plant. The gas turbine in a Rapid Response combined cycle
plant starts and loads rapidly to a low emissions state like a simple cycle turbine. The steam turbine and bottoming cycle
then follows to provide combined cycle output and efficiency in as little as 30 minutes.
Rapid Response combined cycle system engineering is an extended scope product, available when GE provides the
gas turbine(s), steam turbine(s), generator(s), heat recovery steam generator(s) (HRSG) with continuous emissions
measurement (CEMS), plant control system (DCS), and key enabling balance of plant (BOP) equipment. GE also provides
overall System Integration.
Plant One Button Start GE “one button” plant auto start capability is available as part of an extended scope project. Control software sequencing
of all required plant components, including GT, ST, Generator, HRSG and BOP is included. Necessary plant components
like shutoff valves are equipped with remote actuators to respond to sequencing software commands. Utilizing group
control, the plant places itself into a “ready to start” condition from a normal shutdown condition in preparation for auto
start. Although termed “one button”, the operator can elect to include breakpoints at key steps in the plant startup like
generator synchronization. The auto start completes with the plant at a selected output, available for external (e.g. load
following) control.

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 Riyadh Power Plant #12 (under construction), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
88
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We look forward to the opportunity to serve your power generation needs.
Visit us at https://powergen.gepower.com/company-info/contact.html
to send us an inquiry.

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