Literature h.
Anecdotes – These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim
is to bring out lessons to the readers.
- A latin word ‘litera’ which means letter. Ex. The Moth and the Lamp – Dr. Jose Rizal
- Literature is a group of works of art that are made of words. Most are written, but i. Essay – This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular
some are shared by word of mouth. problem or event. The best example of this is Editorial page of a newspaper.
- any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings Ex. Of Studies – Francis Bacon and On Doors by Christopher Morley.
specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction,drama, and poetry. j. Biography – this deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his
autobiography or that of others.
PROSE POETRY Ex. Island Grown: The Life of a Filipino Immigrant Angela Berry
is a form of literature that uses the language is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
in its original and natural form. rhythmic qualities of language to evoke
k. News – This is a report of everyday events in society, government, science and
meaning.
industry, accidents, etc. happening nationally or not.
Does not pay attention to rhyme and rhythm Pays attention to rhyme and rhythm
l. Oration – This is a formal treatment of subject and is intended to be spoken in
Writer does not have a word limit Use a limited number of words
public. It appeals to the intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the audience.
Ideas are written in sentences; sentences are Ideas are written in lines; lines are grouped
grouped into paragraphs. into stanzas. Ex. I have A Dream – Martin Luther King
Language is more natural grammatical Language is figurative and rhythmical
Can be understood by reading once More than one reading may be needed to 2. Poetry
understood the meaning – it is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound,
and rhythmic languages choices as to evoke emotional response. Poetry is a type of
literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated,
2 Major Types of Literature lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be structured, with rhyming lines and
meter, the rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllabic beats. Poems can also be
1. Prose freeform, which follows no formal structure.
- ‘prosa’ which means straightforward. It consists of written words within the
common flow of conversation presented in a straightforward manner. The basic building block of a poem is a verse known as a stanza. A stanza is a
Types of Prose grouping of lines related to the same thought or topic, similar to a paragraph in
prose. A stanza can be subdivided based on the number of lines it contains. For
a. Novel – This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events may be taken from example, a couplet is a stanza with two lines.
the true-to-life stories and spans for a long time. There are many characters
involved. Types of Poetry
Ex. El Filibusterismo, Wattpad Novels A. Narrative Poetry
b. Short Story – This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot, and one - It is a type of poetry that describes personal experiences, feel. and thoughts. It tells
single impression. important details in the life of the poet or by in subject chosen.
Ex. My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken, How My Brother brought Home a Wife
c. Plays – This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each has many scenes. Classification of 'Narrative Poetry
d. Legends – These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins. It provides historical a. Ballad: A simple narrative poem that tells about emotion happenings.
information regarding the culture and views of particular group of people of country.
Ex. Legend of Maria Makiling, Legend of Makahiya, Legend of Pineapple b. Epic: A long narrative poem about personal heroic act.
e. Folktales – a traditional narrative, usually anonymous, and handed down orally.
Ex. The Adventures of Juan, The Hawk and the Hen, Ang Pambihirang Buhok ni c. Metrical tale: A narrative poem written in verse that tells a story created by
Lola
d. Romance Metrical: A type of poetry that expresses love and admiration. It was known as
f. Fables (special type of folk tale) – These are fictitious and they deal with animals
the expression of love of chivalry and knights.
and inanimate things who speak and act like people. Their purpose is to enlighten
the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes. B. Lyric Poetry - A short poem intended to be sung. It was originally composed to
Ex. The Monkey and the Turtle, The Lion and the Mouse be accompanied by a lyre.
g. Myths – A traditional sacred story, typically revolving around the activities of gods
and heroes, which aim to explain a natural phenomenon or cultural practice.
Ex. The Story of Cupid and Psyche, The Fall of Troy, The Myth about Creation
Classification of Lyric Poetry
a. Elegy: A lyric poem that deals with. the life and death.
b. Haiku: A Japanese poem consisting of 17 syllables which is written in 5-7-5 syllables in
three lines.
c. Ode: A lyric poem that can be rhymed or unrhymed which usually address to a person, a
high place or things characterized with high emotions.
d. Sonnet: A poem which consists of 14 lines and rhyme and unrhymed.
C. Dramatic Poetry - A poem that tells a story intended to be performed. Has
elements related closely to the drama. It uses a dramatic technique and may
unfold a story. It emphasizes the character rather than the narrative.
a. Dramatic Monologue – means self-conversation, speech or talks which includes interlocutor
presented dramatically. It means a person, who is speaking to himself or someone else speaks
to reveal specific intentions of his actions. However, in literature, it is a poetic form or a poem
that presents the speech conversation of a person in dramatic manner.
b. Soliloquy – is a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts
of a character. It is a great technique used to convey the progress of action of the play, by
means of expressing a character’s thoughts about a certain character or past, present, or
upcoming event, while talking to himself without acknowledging the presence of another
person.
c. Melodrama – this is usually seen in musical play with the opera. Today, this is related to
tragedy just as the farce to comedy. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually
sad but there is a happy ending for the principal character.
d. Tragedy – This involves the hero struggling mightily against a dynamic force; he meets
death or ruin without success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist in a comedy.
Ex. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet
e. Farce – this is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by laughable lines; situations
are too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the motives undignified
and absurd.
