“Democracy, Diversity and Demography are our biggest strength”.

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 VARIOUS EXAMPLES:
1. PHOOLWALON KI SAIR: FESTIVAL FOR COMMUNAL HARMONY FROM PAST 200 YEARS.
2. Lakshmi Krishna: Project Sampoorna for fighting malnutrition in Assam’s Bongaigaon District.
3. Sanjukta Parashar dealing with Bodo militancy
4. Business-police collusion: Vikas dubey case
5. Tamboli Ayyaj(ladka hai): Hospitals for Adivasis in Mao; Villagers had to travel 160 km to
access hospital facilities. Through use of social media and efficient allocation of resources
created health hospitals/ specialist hospitals.
6. RTI: Scams exposed:including the Adarsh Housing scam, 2G, coal blocks allocations and
Commonwealth Games scandals.
7. Bureaucrats’ foreign trips: Several reports used RTI to expose huge spends of public
money on foreign visits by bureaucrats.In several circulars subsequently, the government asked
departments to put details of foreign travel by ministers and officials on their web sites.
8. Misuse- the use of the Right to Information Act (RTI) as a “weapon” to procure answer sheets
and then increase the marks of candidates to manipulate ranks in an alleged recruitment scam in
the West Bengal School Service Commission (WBSSC), according to a probe committee
headed by Justice (retired) Ranjit Bag Committee
9. Good work culture Public : SBI bank..merit based growth, employee benefits like travel
allowances, books allowances, medical benefits, + nayi disha program to ensure work life
balance: With its focus on work–life balance, the programme ensures the involvement of the
immediate family members of the employees, allowing them to inform the Bank if an employee is
unable to leave home, for work, on time.
-2. Biometric attendance is compulsory in government offices.

Private : google promotes flexibility and innovation , free food inside premises, entertainment
facilities(zumba,gym) great perks, paternity leave etc
10. Bad work culture: Gender pay gap; the laying off culture visible during COVID lockdown and
(ex apple);Byju’s mass layoff 2022; China 996 work culture (working 9am to 9pm for 6 days a
week)
Wrestling federation; wrestlers seen only as medal winning factories–no proper Grievance
redressal mechanism.
Massive Layoffs by Spotify, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta.
11. Quality of public service delivery:
1. Delhi government's mohalla clinic and improvement of govt schools.
2. Jharkhand initiative-‘Aapke Adhikar Aapki Sarkar Aapke Dwar’ Program- Under this
program, information is being given about the public welfare schemes being run by the
government by organizing camps in all the panchayats. People's problems are being solved and
they are being linked with development plans.
12. Jan sunwai portal of UP to establish conversation between citizens and govt and also to register
complaints.
13. CAG found that the Bihar government had diverted over 8000 crore rupees of SC/ST Scholarship
funds for constructing roads, govt buildings etc.
14. Bhakti sharma, sarpanch of Barkhedi Abdullah village of Madhya Pradesh transformed the
village through effective utilization of funds.
15. Daav initiative by Raj yadav(DM) for overarching development of Sikkim village by adopting
5 villages in five years.
16. Rinku Singh Rahi is an Indian whistleblower and PCS officer fighting against corruption in
sponsored welfare schemes in Uttar Pradesh (UP). He was shot six times by local gangsters,

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 damaging his jaw and the vision of one eye, for exposing corruption. He recently cleared the
UPSC exam to carry forward the crusade.
17. Manoje Nath: In the year 1980, as the Bokaro SP, he had arrested the then Bokaro Steel MD in a
corruption case, for which he was handed a transfer order within 24 hours, after only four months
in the office. For his refusal to fulfill political whims, he was transferred over 40 times in his
39-year long career and superseded at least thrice by officers much junior to him.
18. an IAS couple —Sanjeev Khirwar and Rinku Dugga—had to be punished for getting a Delhi govt
Thyagraj stadium vacated to walk their dog.
19. Lal bahadur shastri- resigning from railways after an accident during his tenure.
20. APJ Abdul Kalam- Taking his employee’s son to a fair when that employee was busy.
21. Satyendra Dubey was murdered for his anti-corruption related actions in the Golden
Quadrilateral highway construction project.
22. Bezwada Wilson runs an NGO for rights of manual scavengers.
23. kOTA DM om kasera; made sure all 50k students reach home in covid, counseling sessions for
support; Thank you DM Kota trend on twitter

24. Sunitha Krishnan NGO Prajwala; gangraped at 15 by 8 men for teaching kids in the slum
25. Oscar Schindler; WW2 helped jews escape
26. U sagayam: TN cadre IAS: Sagayam, whose office door bears a sign reading "Reject bribes,
hold your head high", repeatedly antagonized influential politicians and their supporters in
Tamil Nadu.
○ He posted details of his personal assets—a bank balance of Rs 7,172 and a house in
Madurai, jointly owned with his wife, worth Rs 9 lakh (Rs 900,000)—on the district
website.
27. Baba Amte : Leprosy patients.
28. Phillip Morris Cigarettes to 6 year olds in Indonesia(50mn$ CSR, 75 mn $ for these advt)
29. MGNREGA and Biometric LINKAGE; problems with technology.
30. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam becomes the first President to return a Bill to Parliament for reconsideration
31. Development vs Environment ethical dilemma: Char Dham Project.//Joshimath houses
developing cracks due to Auli Ropeway, Tapovan Hydropower project
32. Pooja Singhal was arrested in a money laundering case linked to alleged embezzlement of
MGNREGA funds in Khunti district
33. Yadadri tree model (urban forestry in Telangana)-- Based on Miyawaki; local adaptation in social
change
34. Treating animals(tigers) as kins: Idu Mishmi tribes
35. Section 497 is not gender-neutral and a reflection of the social dominance of men: Joseph Shine
judgment on Adultery
36. P Srinivas an Indian Forest officer in Karnataka - to curb sandalwood smuggling - used Gandhian
methods of persuasion over villagers to develop goodwill (and extract information)
[satyanveshana] ]and change hearts of criminals and reintegrate them in society. Many mafias
surrendered before him.
Murdered (beheaded) while going to negotiate a surrender with a bandit Veerappan - received
Kirti Chakra posthumously.
37. - reviving the Old Pension Scheme (OPS) will result in significant financial burden
for governments in the future. So, it is “sinful” and “immoral” poll promises says
economist Arvind Panagariya.
38. Tukaram Mundhe: Janta Darbar.

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 39. Durga Shakti Nagpal: She came into public view after launching a massive drive against
corruption and illegal sand mining within her jurisdiction of Gautam Budh Nagar
40. Passion followed by Abhishek K Singh: from IAS officer to actor
41. Raju Narayan Swamy: anti corruption drives leading to 20 transfers in 22 years.
In 2007, Narayanaswamy inquired into a proposed land deal by the son and daughter of
Kerala Public Works minister T. U. Kuruvilla; Kuruvilla was forced to resign after an
investigation.

42. British Speaker commitment to absolute neutrality. (Once a speaker always a speaker)
43. Karuna Nundy, however, is not just a lawyer but also a public activist who ably—and
bravely—uses her voice both inside and outside the courtroom to bring about change. She is
a champion of women’s rights who has advocated for the reform of antirape laws and fought
cases }relating to sexual harassment in the workplace. Most recently, she is litigating a
challenge to India’s rape law that contains a legal exemption for marital rape.
(She was included in the Time's most influential Indian person).
44. Savitri Phule: She faced abuse and humiliation from the people along the way when she
walked to the school to teach, but she braved it to persist with her vocation.
She died when she got infected with plague while caring for a patient.
45. Jyotiba Phule was not allowed to complete his schooling.
46. Funds embezzlement: ex-president Kovind’s visit to KNP.
47. Prime Minister’s oath: To faithfully and conscientiously discharge the duties of his office.
48. Utilization of Funds: Ministry of Finance has revised the rules, under which interest
accumulated on MPLADS funds will be deposited in the Consolidated Fund of India.
Earlier, interest accrued on fund used to be added to MPLADS account and could be
used for development projects.
49. Transparency in Parliament: National e-Vidhan application: NeVA system has been
developed to make all work and data related to legislative bodies available online for
use by both citizens and members of Assemblies.
50. Automatic Exchange of Information agreement between India and Swiss
government supplies information on parking of funds by Indians in swiss banks
(black money haven).
51. JOHNSON AND JOHNSON: goal of becoming completely independent of non
renewable sources by 2025. Their message is ‘a world without waste’, with the aim of
collecting and recycling every bottle, making their packaging 100% recyclable and
replacing all water used in creating their drinks back to the environment to ensure water
security.
52. For citizen charter: “A law is only as good as those who implement it”- BR Ambedkar
53. Admiral D.K. Joshi quit over submarine accidents; paved way for submarine
modernization by putting pressure on govt
54. Indira Gandhi donated her jewellery for National Defence Fund during India China
War of 1962
55. Charles Silverstein, a psychologist who helped destigmatize homosexuality via
scientific evidences; Persuasion.

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 to execute
V Alabama used
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backthe
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12. Raghvendra Singh (IAS), District Collector, Agar Malwa, Madhya

Pradesh

As the District Collector of Alirajpur, Singh introduced healthcare initiatives,

notably ‘Operation Smile’ and ‘Netrajyoti Abhiyan’. ‘Operation Smile’ revolves
around dental care , especially designed to provide dentures to elderly
people without teeth, to restore their self-confidence. This initiative not only
addresses oral health issues but also contributes to overall improvement in
health standards within these communities. 'Netrajyoti Abhiyan' focused on
performing cataract operations for the elderly population in these districts. By
ensuring timely and accessible eyecare services, the initiative has played a
crucial role in enhancing vision and significantly improving the quality of life
for senior citizens.

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 1. Charu Sinha (IPS), IGP, Southern Sector, CRPF
Shubham Gupta (IAS), Chief Executive
Officer, Zilla Parishad, Dhule,
She became the first woman officer to assume Maharashtra
leadership roles in four CRPF sectors, demonstrating
her exceptional skills.
Gupta undertook many transformative
In her role as IGP in Srinagar, she led 69 anti-insurgency initiatives, including bike ambulances,
operations and also anti-Maoist operations in the Bihar
sector. Beyond her operational achievements, Sinha mobile science laboratories, AI-based
initiated the 'Love you Zindagi' campaign, addressing nutrition monitoring, blockchain-based
mental health and gender issues. These initiatives
earned her the FICCI Smart Policing Award in 2022. caste certificates, and carbon credit-
based agroforestry.

22. Siva Gopal Reddy (IAS), SDO, Kawnpui, Kolasib,

Mizoram:
Himanshu Nagpal (IAS), Chief
Development Officer, Varanasi, Uttar
Reddy has embarked on a transformative endeavor Pradesh
aimed at reshaping the lives of young Manipuri children
residing in shelter camps in Kawnpui, Kolasib district. In
his commitment to restoring normalcy in the lives of Nagpal started a campaign called
these children, Reddy has implemented small yet
impactful measures. These include ensuring proper 'Mission Muskaan’ to identify lost
education within the camps, repurposing village council and destitute children on railway
houses and government buildings into relief facilities,
and constructing makeshift toilets. Reddy’s efforts
stations and ghats of Varanasi. With
include provision of essential resources, such as books, the help of 12 rescue teams, Nagpal
color pencils, and educational materials, coupled with
toys and games, enriching the learning environment for
has successfully reunited over 780
the children. Additionally, he has extended counseling lost children with their families. He
services to address the emotional challenges faced by
these children.
launched ‘Bulava Abhiyan’ to
address low attendance in schools.
23. Vishakha Yadav (IAS), ADC, Tirap, This significantly improved school
Arunachal Pradesh spearheaded the attendance in Varanasi, raising it
groundbreaking project "Digi-Kaksha," from below 40% to 80%, setting a
introducing a sustainable smart state record.
school - a first-of-its-kind initiative in
any government school in Arunachal
13. Manish Bansal (IAS), District
Pradesh. This project includes a 4K
Magistrate and Collector Sambhal, Uttar
HD Interactive Android teaching board
Pradesh
designed for immersive teaching and
learning experiences.
In his current role as District Magistrate
and Collector in Sambhal, Bansal
14. Sushant Gaurav (IAS), Director, initiated a unique and impactful
Sports, Jharkhand campaign against single-use plastic.
Through monthly funeral processions,
As DC Gumla, Gaurav has taken the district bids farewell to single-use
several initiatives to create livelihood plastic, symbolising a collective effort to
opportunities for people. Faced with create awareness and bring about
challenges like Naxal insurgency and behavioural change. Under his
over-dependency on Paddy crops, leadership, the district has collected 275
Gaurav initiated Mission Ragi, quintals of plastic, demonstrating a
encouraging farmers, especially commitment to environmental
women, to shift from water-intensive conservation.
paddy to Ragi cultivation.

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 56. Mati Abhiyan in Rajasthan: A unique initiative for soil health management and crop
diversification launched in Bikaner district has helped increase farmers' income by
upto 40% in 6 months. This campaign was the brainchild of Bikaner Collector
Bhagwati Prasad Kalal who encouraged farmers to adopt modern technology and
take up agriculture as an entrepreneurship.
57. Padma Vibhushan Dr. Dilip Mahalanabis popularized the use of Oral Rehydration
Solution while serving at a refugee camp during the 1971 Bangladesh War.
58. piplantri- Each girl born in Piplantri is given a lump sum and has 111 trees planted in
her honour- ecofeminism- Shyam Sunder Paliwal
59. Messi’s perseverance in becoming an ace footballer.
60. A billionaire, Savji Dholakia understands the struggles of reaching success and in 2017 had

sent his son Hitarth Dholakia to Hyderabad with only Rs 500. Dholakia wanted his son to
learn the struggles of life as a commoner would. He gives away cars as gifts to his
employees. Received Padma Vibhushan in 2022.
61. “Sheelam Param Bhushanam”
62. “Charan paduka campaign” of IAS Jitendra Soni to provide footwear to school
children to prevent them from walking barefoot to the school.
63. Care of elderly under Krishna Kutir homes.
64. Sharad Pawar lied that a bomb had blown in Muslim locality too, when 12
bombs were reported from the Hindu locality in 1992. (containing social
tensions).
65. Lal bahadur Shastri used to fast every Monday to save grains for poor people of the
country and he gave a call for the nation to follow it. (but before announcing it he
tried it on his own family).
66. The pension of India's first President, Rajendra Prasad, and the salary of late
Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri were sent to the government's calamity fund as
they refused to accept these.
67. Justice Aniruddha Bose recusing himself from a case in West Bengal when it
involved conflict of interest.
68. Rajasthan woman ASP, middleman held for demanding Rs 2 crore .
69. Asra Garg IPS of Tirunelveli district didn’t lose his cool while dealing with
communal issues in his district.
70. Wrong use of government resources: NIRBHAYA FUNDS meant for using
government money for women safety projects but in Maharashtra the SUV cars
bought with Nirbhaya fund were Diverted to protect MLAs of CM Eknath Shinde
from horse trading during the political crisis. This has resulted in controversy.
71. Roe vs Wade: overturning abortion rights for women in the USA.
72. Neeraj Gupta vs state (NCT of Delhi): The SC lowered the bar for quantum of
evidence required to convict persons charged with corruption. It debunked the myth
that absolute proof of guilt alone can help convict an offender.

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 73. Mass weddings in villages of TN-Kerala boundary sends a message of harmony.: 800
young men and women tied knot at weddings organized by Sunni Yuvajana
Sangham (SYS). 74 brides and grooms were non muslims.
74. Rajasthan's Right to Health Bill : Rajasthan residents will be entitled to free check
ups, drugs, diagnostics, emergency transport and care at all public health institutes,
along with affordable surgeries.

96. IAS officer Himanshu Nagpal spearheads Mission Muskaan to reunite lost children living in Varanasi’s ghats, railway
stations, and temples with their families across India.

Utilization of public funds and project delays: As many as 23 national highway

projects in Punjab worth Rs 31,000 crore have run into delays owing to various
reasons. Of the total, 16 projects estimated to be worth Rs 21,000 crore are facing
delay in execution despite agreements having been signed with the National Highway
Authority of India (NHAI) and concessionaires.

Digital Divide: National Family Health Survey-5 data [from 2019-2021] assessed men's
and women's internet use for the first time and found that only one in three women in
India (33%) have ever used the internet, compared to more than half (57%) of men

Quote: “A person without ethical values is like a wild beast tossed upon the world”. -ALBERT
CAMUS Our value is
determined the values we
by
have-atten
Ethics and Human Interface:
ethics and values.pdf

ENDS VS MEANS DEBATE: W

- Means and ends are not dichotomous rather they are sides of the same coin. E.g. Gandhi
used non violence and honesty (just means) to achieve independence. (just end)
- They are also supplementary in nature. E.g. Police use fake encounters (unethical means) to
give punishments to culprits but it might lead to the killing of innocent individuals. (unethical
ends).
- Both ends and means can be governed by the values of integrity, public service etc.
E.g TN Seshan electoral reforms (just means) led to strengthening of democracy. (just ends).
- It is also cyclical in nature. I.e. good means-> good ends-.> good means
E(Nelson Mandela’s focus on justice to end apartheid led people to be more empathetic towards
the cause of others).

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 --

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-
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 M

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⑳ --
-

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 v

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 Ends as moral:
- Utilitarianism. E.g. dam building displacing few people but benefitting more people by
controlling floods, providing water for irrigation.
- Social Justice e.g Reservation for equality.
- Self awareness or increasing happiness of individuals.
- Societal evolution.

Attitude
“Bad attitude is the gateway to hell”- Bhagwat Gita.

attitude.pdf

Quotes on Integrity:
- “Mansa-Vacha-Karmana”: consistency between thinking, speaking and acting-
Mahabharata

--
W The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience,
but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. – Martin Luther King, Jr.

Integrity examples:
1. Chauri Chaura: Gandhi withdrawing the struggle when turned violent shows his consistency with the
policy of non violence.
2. Raja Rammohan roy against sati even when his own mother stood against him.

Lack of integrity: Marriage of KC Sen’s daughter with Maharajah of Cooch Behar

Aptitude and Foundational values of civil services

aptitude and foundational values for civil services.pdf

1. KC Sen was criticized when he got his daughter married to the prince of Cooch Behar. His
daughter was then under 14 and the prince about 15 years of age. (Lack of integrity)
2. Tamang in Sikkim: indulged in graft case.

Quotes:
- Emotions are a critical source of information for learning.- Joseph Ledoux (American
Neuroscientist)
- “Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else: you
are the one who gets burned.”- Buddha
- “Masters of world have been masters of mind”- Marcus Aurelius

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 - >
- >

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 Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and their Utilities and Application in administration and
governance

EI-concepts, utilities and application in administration and governance.pdf

Contribution of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and World

contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from india and world.pdf

Public Services Values and Ethics in pub ad

civil services and its values.pdf

Ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions:

ethical concerns and dilemmas.pdf

Laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance

to change the
heart
"Laws are not
laws, rules regulations.pdf heartless !
the
to restrain
but -
Martin Letter

The Plain Writing Act was signed into law on October 13, 2010. This law requires that all federal
agencies use "clear government communication that the public can understand and use.

Governance, Good Governance, Ethical governance and accountability:

ethical governance and accountability.pdf

Strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance:

Value development.pdf

“Neutrality in civil services would bring about fossilization of the administration”

-Nehru
“There are only two forces in the world,
the sword and the spirit. In the long run,
Ethical issues in international relations and funding: the sword will always be conquered by
ethics in IR.pdf
the spirit.” ― Napoleon Bonaparte
through piee
"Corporate overnanceshould done
more
Corporate governance be
COPORATE GOV.pdf -

• Injeti Srinivas Committee • Improve the existing monitoring and evaluation regime — enhanced
disclosures concerning selection of projects, locations, implementing agencies, etc.; • bringing

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 People" -
⑲
Pro Planet
1

N -

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 With the co-location facilities
being extremely close to
stock exchange servers,
traders here have an

ple Netflix offers 52 weeks of paid parental leave to the birth parent and non-
advantage over other
traders due to the
improvement in latency (time
birth parent (which includes adopted children).
Nare taken for order execution).

mattMenstrat at Paternatio
~ Mar .
High fregnancy
and
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met

coverall Bio ers

without
or d need algo .

dry insurance madny

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shading
Insider & At
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pi
reducing
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&
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co-location was
C
challenges -
q - -not giving
-

before
7

Greedflation
-

jo - effect
KYC
nospitals
*

↓ Glass stiff Not Falling

Shantere 3) in prof
-.

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-

Improper formance
 CSR within the purview of statutory financial audit • mandatory independent third-party impact
assessment audit

Probity in governance,CoE, CoC, CC

coe,coc,cc.pdf

~“Democracy is good only when people are virtuous”-Aristotle

“Recognized probity is the surest of all oaths” - Suzanne cuchod (wife of french finance minister
necker)

Probity examples: I SRO

1. Manjunath (murdered for sealing a corrupt oil station)
2. Ashok Khemka (55 transfers)
3. E shreedharan (Metro man: less money=large project such as metro)
4. Kerala CM office: 24*7 cctv recording
Barranwal Case)
5. Live streaming of supreme court proceedings (Anoop
6. Lal bahadur shastri took responsibility for loss of lives under his tenure as a railway
shi
minister for an accident. He resigned from his job. · Admiral
7. Dr. Rajendra Prasad gave up his lucrative lawyer practice to take up the reforms for
farmers.
Amuddh
Bose us
~

~
Justice
What officials need to do to maintain probity? / need for officials Bengal
West
- Avoid conflict of interest. For e.g. Judges recusal (DYC recusal in kunal kamra case) use

- Officials must not accept gifts, hospitality or benefits.

- -

- Sound risk management principles must be applied.

- Value for money outcomes.
- Appropriately treating confidential outcomes.
- No misuse of official position.

PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF GOVERNANCE:

- Social Contract theory
- Paternal (schemes, programmes are decided from above: community development
programme)--Managerial (delivery of services efficiently): Trusteeship (looking after the
duties demanded by citizens like privacy, internet), it is based upon the principle that people
have certain rights naturally and the government must cater to it.
- Kautilya on Governance: “In happiness of his subjects, lies his happiness, in their welfare,his
welfare ... .whatever makes his subjects happy he shall be considered good.
It shall be the duty of the state to provide common good.
( In the happiness of the citizens lies that happiness of the state.)
- ‘Yogakshema’: Ancient concept of good governance: means safeguarding the interest of
stakeholders. (BHAGAVAD GITA)
- “Ramrajya”: from Ramayana
E.g. of transparency: Expenditure and output of schemes disclosed by the government under
Annual Financial Statement.

Code of Ethics, Code Of Conduct:

CENTRAL CIVIL SERVICES (CONDUCT) RULES, 1964:

- -

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 ⑳probl e
...
Honesty

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 Protection Bill
Data

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 Code of Conduct for Ministers: Before becoming minister, person shall disclose to the PM, OR the CM:
-

--his assets and liabilities

W-business interests of himself and of members of his family.
z- all immovable property. etc.

Ethics Committee of Parliament:

- In Lok Sabha
- Committee on Ethics Report:
1. Members must utilize their official position to advance the general well being of people.
2. In case of conflict between personal or public interests, resolution shall put private
interest subordinate to public ones
motivates and retains talented ,
Culture is what
employers
Betty
WORK CULTURE: Thomson
Work culture is regarded as a set of practices, values and shared beliefs within an organization.

For e.g.
v
Negative work culture: GIG economy, Work from home (working both inside and outside home)
Bad work culture: Gender pay gap; the laying off culture visible during COVID lockdown and (ex
apple);Byju’s mass layoff 2022; China 996 work culture (working 9am to 9pm for 6 days a week)

Positive work culture: Zomato paternity leaves and menstrual leaves

Godrej: medical insurance for all LGBTQ+ people;
ISRO work culture (efficient management of public resources). Eg) Mangalyaan
In Scandinavian countries, men who take paternity leaves are prioritized for promotion.

Govt’s role: PM Matru Vandana Yojana: partial wage compensation during pregnancy, this policy
incentivises women to come back to work.

SBI bank..merit based growth, employee benefits like travel allowances, books allowances, medical
benefits, + nayi disha program to ensure work life balance: With its focus on work–life balance, the
programme ensures the involvement of the immediate family members of the employees, allowing them
to inform the Bank if an employee is unable to leave home, for work, on time.

Biometric attendance is compulsory in government offices. The Rajasthan Platform Based Gig Workers
(Registration and Welfare) Bill extends certain
“rights” to gig workers, such as being registered
with the state, having access to general and
How to inculcate good work culture: specific social security schemes, and having an
- Workshops opportunity to be heard for any grievances,
among others.
- Proper grievance redressal
- Role of HR
- Building Empathy, trust and giving freedom to innovate
For e.g. Mental health prioritization initiatives An austere Isro managed to save Rs
Internal complaints committee 2.61 crore which it promptly returned to
Accessible India Campaign the Centre, reaffirming MOM to be the
world's cheapest mission to the red
planet,

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 Right to Information (RTI)  Colonial laws like official secret act 1923 is contrary
to the ethos of RTI act and it holds back
RTI is a fundamental right for every citizen of India. information.
Since RTI, is implicit in the Right to Freedom of Speech  Since the government does not proactively publish
and Expression under Article 19 of the Indian information in the public domain as envisaged in
Constitution, it is an implied fundamental right. the act and this leads to an increase in the number
 Right to Information: Master Key to Good of RTI applications.
Governance – 2nd ARC  There have been reports of frivolous RTI
 Right to information has been seen as the key to applications and also the information obtained
strengthening participatory democracy and have been used to blackmail the government
ushering in people centred governance. authorities.
 4 pillars of RTI:
a) Transparency The Right to Information vs Official Secrets Act (OSA)
b) Accountability Background of OSA: It was enacted in 1923 by the
c) Participation British to keep certain kinds of information
d) Predictability confidential, including, but not always limited to,
information involving the affairs of state, diplomacy,
Significance of the RTI Act national security, espionage, and other state secrets.
 The RTI Act, 2005 empowers the citizen to question  In case of conflict between RTI and OSA: Provisions
the secrecy and abuse of power practised in of the RTI Act override those of the OSA.
governance.  Section 22 of the RTI Act: It states that its
 The act also helps in containing corruption in the provisions will have effect notwithstanding
government and work for the people in a better anything that is inconsistent with them in the OSA.
way.  Section 8(2) of the RTI Act: a public authority may
 The act envisages building better-informed citizens allow access to the information covered under the
who would keep necessary vigil about the OSA, “if the public interest in disclosure outweighs
functioning of the government machinery. the harm to the protected interest”.
 RTI is a crucial pillar for the functioning of a
transparent and vibrant democracy. Recommendation as per 2nd ARC:
1] Section 12 of the Act may be amended to constitute
What is the Time Period for Supply of Information?: the Selection Committee of CIC with the Prime
Minister, Leader of the Opposition and the Chief Justice
Stages: Information to be of India.
provided: 2] The GOI should ensure the constitution of SICs in all
1st application to obtain Within 30 days in case States within 3 months.
information from PIO. life or liberty of a person, 3] The CIC should establish 4 regional offices of CIC with
it shall be supplied a Commissioner heading each.
within 48 hours. 4] At least half of the members of the Information
1st appellate authority Within 30 days Commissions should be drawn from non civil services
2nd appellate authority Within 90 days background.
5] Suo motu disclosures should also be available in the
Criticism of RTI Act form of printed, priced publication in the official
 One of the major set-back to the act is that poor language, revised periodically (at least once a year).
record-keeping within the bureaucracy results in E.g. Rajasthan can with JAN SOOCHNA POTRTAL for suo
missing files. moto disclouser of information.
 There is a lack of staffing to run the information 6] Public Records Offices should be established as an
commissions. independent authority in GOI and all States by
9

 The supplementary laws like the Whistle Blower’s

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 integrating multiple agencies currently involved in 1] The government must ensure the timely
record keeping. appointment of chiefs and members of ICs. This
7] The 2nd ARC agrees with the views of the Shourie ensures quick disposal of appeals.
Committee. The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules 2] All information commissions conduct timely and
were formulated when the RTI Act did not exist. The effective hearings and disposal of cases to ensure
spirit of these Rules is to hold back information. With people can exercise their fundamental right to
the emergence of an era of freedom of information, information.
these Rules would have to be recast so that 3] There should be a prioritization of cases dealing with
dissemination of information is the rule and holding information related to life and liberty.
back information is an exception. 4] Urgent digitization of records and proper record
management is important. Governments should put in
The Right to Information vs Right to Privacy place a mechanism for online filing of RTI applications.
In modern times when technological information
breach is very common, the right to privacy and the Conclusion:
right to information are both essential human rights. The state needs to start acknowledging the importance
 Complementarity: both complement each other in of informed public and the role that it plays in the
holding governments accountable to individuals in country’s development as a nation. In this context,
a majority of the cases. issues related to RTI Act should be resolved, so that it
 Conflicting areas: while RTI increases access to can serve the information needs of society.
information, the right to privacy protects it instead.
 When the question of harmonizing the
contradicting rights arises, it should- information commissionerE HC Sathyan, who
A] give justice to the larger public interest has created a record of sorts by pulling up
around 450 officials in the past one year for
B] advance the public morality denying information under the RTI Act. He
has slapped penalties of Rs 1 crore
15 years of RTI assessment:
Bengaluru
A report by the Satark Nagrik Sangathan has pointed
out that more than 2.2 lakh Right to information cases
are pending at the Central and State Information
Commissions (ICs), which are the final courts of appeal
under the RTI Act, 2005.

Key Observation:
1. Reduced Capacity: Of the 29 ICs, two ICs -
Jharkhand and Tripura -were found to have no
commissioners for varying lengths of time. They
were completely defunct.
2. 4 were functioning without a Chief Information
Commissioner -Bihar, Goa, Rajasthan and Uttar
Pradesh.
3. Delays and Backlogs: The assessment found that on
average, the CIC takes 388 days (more than one
year) to dispose of an appeal/complaint
4. No Penalties: The report found that the
Government officials face hardly any punishment
for violating the law. Penalties were imposed in
10

only 2.2% of cases.

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 X

Citizen charter -2

The Citizens’ Charter is an instrument which represents the commitment of the

Organisation towards standard, quality and time frame of service delivery, grievance redress
mechanism, transparency and accountability. -------as per Department of Administrative
Reforms and Public Grievances dedicated website on citizen charter

Its components ----

1. Vision Statement of the organization

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 This gives the outcomes desired

2. Mission Statement

‘mission’ statement provides the specific objectives which drive the

organization in tune with its vision.

3. Identification of Services

4. Identification of Levels

Since organisations operate at multiple levels, each with different

responsibilities and authority

5. Identification of Client Groups/ Stakeholders/users

6. Specification of time- frame for each service

7. Specification of time- frame for each level

8. responsibilities of the citizens in the context of the charter.

9. Grievance redressal mechanism

Importance of Citizen’s Charter

1. To make administration accountable and citizen friendly.

2. To ensure transparency.
3. To take measures to improve customer service.
4. To adopt a stakeholder approach.
5. To save time of both Administration and the citizen.
6. Empower citizen, create citizen- centric administration

The Report of PAC has also brought out the following general deficiencies:

a) Poor design and content:

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 “ Corruption is a cancer, a cancer that eats away at a citizen’s faith in
democracy, diminishes the instinct for innovation and creativity.” —
Joe Biden

Challenges of corruption:
corruption.pdf

Quality of service delivery, transparency and info sharing:

service delivery and info sharing.pdf

FOR CASE STUDIES:

1. Based on reservations
- Robust baseline surveys to study the social, economic and educational conditions
prescribed and eligibility criteria.
- Committee (if formed to suggest about reservation) should take an impartial and
conscientious viewpoint.
- Ethical issues involved will be following:
: Inclusion and exclusion errors.
: False documents and escaping the creamy layer exceptions.
: Presence of vacant posts and delays in promotion due to inadequate data
collection.
:”horizon problems”
: “Pandora box” of demands.
: Fear of reverse discrimination. (Compromise to meritocracy)

2. Based on Mining Issues:

- Write Data on coal etc. (~55%)
- Sustainable mining needs to be ensured.
: Safety measures.
: Social security and Insurance.
: Contractual agreement between Mining companies and Miners.
: Developing a SOP by the DG of Mine Safety.
: Better technology: Open cast mining VS Advanced Hydraulic Fracturing.
: Transparency measures and Grievance Redressal Mechanism.
: Alternative Employment.

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