MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

WEEK 1 The Power of Media and Information

OPPORTUNITY
With the advancement of technology,
● Job Hiring
people have become “super humans.”
● Freedom of Expression
● Informing and Keeping the mass up to date
AREA OF MEDIA ● Inspire
● Empower Citizen
I. ECONOMIC AREA
CHALLENGE
- Business firms utilize automated systems to
● How to feed information and distribute it
expedite transactions.
● Often challenged by political problems of
- Records and Data are maintained in a more
traditional realm
efficient way

POWER
II. EDUCATIONAL AREA
● Influence
- A teacher becomes a more effective ● Distribution of Information
facilitator of teaching and learning, if she is ● Avail names
computer literate and knows how to access
WEEK 2 CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS
different software that can be utilized in the
classroom.
10 NEW PARADIGMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE
DIGITAL AGE
III. EDUCATIONAL AREA
PARADIGM 1: FROM AUDIENCE TO USER
- Government leaders should practice
➢ The communication process in the actual
effective information dissemination to be
scenario is user-centered
able to reach all the members of the
PARADIGM 2: FROM MEDIA TO CONTENT
community.
➢ The media convergence has reset media
identity
IV. CITIZEN JOURNALISM
PARADIGM 3: FROM MONOMEDIA TO MULTIMEDIA
- Mare, Keith, Marimbe and Mukundu (2018) ➢ Online media are multimedia, and
gathered various definitions of citizen multimedia is a new language
journalism. These are: PARADIGM 4: FROM PERIODICITY TO REAL-TIME
➢ Sharing news and opinions with the ability to
1. HERMANS, VERGEER AND D’HAENENS, 2009 interact in real-time are the seeds of
- The gathering and reporting of news by people cybercommunities
who are not trained as professional journalists PARADIGM 5: FROM SCARCITY TO ABUNDANCE
2. ROSEN, 2008 ➢ Space for the print media and time for
- The instance when the people, otherwise broadcast media ceased to be the limit to
known as the audience, employ the press tools content and now the time of the user is the
they have in their possession to inform one new scarce resource.
another PARADIGM 6: FROM EDITOR-MEDIATED TO NON-MEDIATED
3. BROWMAN AND WILLIS, 2003 ➢ Worldwide publishing without editors, but
- The act in which a citizen, or group of citizens with a close peer review daily process and in
play an active role in the process of collecting, most cases open to comments from readers
reporting, analyzing and disseminating news is the nature of social web publishing.
and information in an independent, reliable, PARADIGM 7: FROM DISTRIBUTION TO ACCESS
accurate, wide-ranging, and relevant ➢ The access paradigm is complementary
information required for democracy and with the user center paradigm and both
development explain the strong interactive nature of the
4. LIEVROUW, 2013 new environment.
- Alternative and activist form of news gathering PARADIGM 8: FROM ONE WAY TO INTERACTIVITY
and reporting that functions outside ➢ First level: users choose the format of
mainstream media institutions which uses information display
similar journalistic practices but is driven by ➢ Second level: users produce input for a
different objectives and ideals and relies on system
alternative sources of legitimacy than ➢ Third level: the possibility for the user to
traditional or mainstream journalism communicate with other users
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

PARADIGM 9: FROM LINEAR TO HYPERTEXT INTERNET GLASSES

➢ Hypertext becomes the grammar of the - Technology that can display images directly
digital world. The pathways of the onto our retinas while not blocking our sight
info-spaces are built on links. is being developed.
PARADIGM 10: FROM DATA TO KNOWLEDGE - This technology can be used in eyeglasses
➢ Today, the strategic mission of media is the and have uses ranging from e-gaming to
information about the information: military defense.
information intelligence, interpretation,
filtering and searching combined with the
challenge of new interactive multimedia
narratives and delivered by a wide range of
channels.

TRENDS IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

HAPTICS TECHNOLOGY
- a feedback technology (using computer
applications) that takes advantage of the WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY
user’s sense of touch by applying force, - A new trend where people have the
vibrations and/or motions to the user. convenience of wearing their gadgets for
multiple purposes.

1. GOOGLE GLASS
- It displayed information in a
smartphone-like, hands-free format.
- Wearers communicated with the Internet via
natural language voice commands.

2. IPHONE WATCH
- The Apple Watch Series 4 is water-resistant
CONTEXTUAL AWARENESS up to 50 meters under the ISO 22810:2010
- Future devices will combine data from hard standard. It can be used for activities like
sensors (like your location and swimming in pools or the ocean.
surroundings) and soft sensors (like your - However, it’s not designed for high-impact
calendar, social media, and habits). By water sports like waterskiing, scuba diving,
learning about your daily life, these devices or deep-water submersion.
can predict your needs and offer help before
you even ask. 3. FITBIT CHARGE 2 “FITNESS WRISTBAND”
- Continuous, Automatic Wrist-based Heart
VOICE AND TONE RECOGNITION Rate Tracking
- It does not only confirm a person’s identity - Call, Text & Calendar Notifications
but it is also used to detect their health or - Personalized Cardio Fitness Score
emotional state. - Multi-sport Tracking & Connected GPS

INTELLIGENT ROUTING TO DEVICES 4. HTC VIVE VR HEADSET “VIRTUAL REALITY”

- Smartphones and mobile devices that can - The VR headset with a 110-degree field of
take photos and have GPS (Global view and front-facing camera enhances
Positioning System) support. Intelligent visuals by blending virtual and real
routing will then alert the responsible team surroundings.
to action. - This HTC Vive VR system includes two base
stations and wireless controllers for a
EYE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY game-ready setup.
- This measures eye positions and
movements which are analyzed through 5. MICROSOFT HOLOLENS “AUGMENTED REALITY”
computer applications - The first self-contained holographic
computer combines multiple sensors,
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

advanced optics, and a custom holographic DISTANCE EDUCATION

processing unit. It means learning without being physically
- It allows you to go beyond traditional screen present with the teacher. Other means were used to
content and engage with holograms in the transmit the message.
world around you, creating an interactive
digital experience. UBIQUITOUS LEARNING

BENEFITS OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

➢ Physical activity and fitness monitoring
➢ Enhanced social networking
➢ Personal safety
➢ Healthcare monitoring
➢ General increased wireless connectivity

3D TECHNOLOGY
According to Business Dictionary, 3D or three - It is an everyday learning environment that
dimensional model displays a picture or item in a is supported by mobile devices, computers,
form that appears to be physically present with a wireless networks in our everyday life (Ogata
designated structure. The representations are more et al., 2009).
inclined to reality through stereoscopic - It is the real-life experience augmented with
photography. virtual information adapted to the learner
and their environment
SOME KINDS OF 3D TECHNOLOGY - It simply means, “…learning at any time,
➢ 3D DISPLAY any place”
➢ 3D PRINTING
➢ 3D PENS WHAT IS MOOC?

● 3D PRINTER
- 3D printing is any of various processes in
which material is joined or solidified under
computer control to create a
three-dimensional object, with material
being added together (such as liquid
molecules or powder grains being fused
together).

MEDIA AND INFORMATION IN EDUCATION IMPLICATIONS OF MOOC

MOOC is a model for delivering learning
content online to any person who wants to take a
course, with no limit on attendance.
The implications:
➢ By taking learning into virtual space,
attendance is no longer a determining
factor in one’s education.
➢ Managing MOOC is relatively cheaper than
running educational institutions.
➢ Analytic provides information about the
learning process of the students.
➢ Since it focuses on connectedness, it allows
education to take place on a global scale to
IMPORTANT INFO ! ! ! maximize education.
The media and information are in a constant
change, and its development is a continuous PURPOSE OF MOOC
process. This development is highly dependent on ➢ Higher education
how connected entities are. In fact, while some ➢ Workplace connection
would refer to this as Age of Information, others ➢ Lifelong learning
would fittingly call this time as the “Connected Age.”
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

WEEKs IMPLICATIONS OF MEDIA AND FORMAL

3-5 INFORMATION - text-based materials are created and
distributed by established institutions and
go through a rigorous process of editing or
MEDIA LITERACY
evaluation and are usually governed by
- Empowerment tool that facilitates the active
censorship of the state.
participation of citizens in the political
process of contemporary societies (UNAOC,
INFORMAL
2010).
- text-based materials come from personal
opinions or views on different issues,
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL)
processes, etc.
- Platform for social inclusion where the youth
who are becoming more and more exposed
TEXT AS VISUAL
to social media, are challenged to become
more involved participants in their - Typeface font is the representation or style
communities (UNAOC, 2010) of a text. A typeface is usually composed of
- “Participatory Culture" that empowers alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks,
individuals to get actively involved in symbols and other special characters.
democratic societies, thus enabling them to - Fonts in digital format are installed in forms
participate in social discourse and deeper such as True Type Font (.ttf), Open Type
dialogue with their communities Font (.otf), etc.
- Essential competency and skills that enables
people to engage with media and other PRINCIPLES IN DESIGNING TEXT ELEMENTS
information providers effectively and
develop critical thinking and life-long 1. EMPHASIS
learning skills to socialize and become - Importance or value given to a part of
active citizens. text-based content.
- Highlighting a message; bold, italicized,
IMPLICATIONS OF MIL have a heavier weight, darkened or
➢ MEDIA AND INFORMATION.. lightened or enlarged.
○ IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE 2. APPROPRIATENESS
○ FOSTER GREATER POLITICAL - Refers to how fitting or suitable the text is
PARTCIPATION used for a specific audience, purpose, or
○ PROMOTE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES event.
○ IMPROVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT - Tone, Style, Purpose, Clarity – criteria is
○ DEVELOP MORE COHESIVE SOCIAL followed.
UNITS
3. PROXIMITY
MEDIA AND INFORMATION DIMENSIONS - Refers to how near or how far are the text
➢ TEXT elements from each other.
➢ VISUAL
➢ AUDIO 4. ALIGNMENT
➢ MOTION - Refers to how the text is positioned in the
➢ MANIPULATIVE page.
➢ MULTIMEDIA - Center, Left, Right, Justified

WEEKs TEXT AND VISUAL DIMENSIONS OF

5. ORGANIZATION
3-5 INFORMATION AND MEDIA
- Refers to a conscious effort to organize the
different text elements in a page.
TEXT DIMENSION
- Text may be defined as a simple and flexible 6. REPETITION
format of presenting information or - Refers to the consistency of elements and
conveying ideas whether hand-written, the unity of the entire
printed or displayed on-screen.
- It is very powerful in disseminating 7. CONTRAST
information, providing direction and giving
- Achieved when two elements are different
suggestions.
from each other.
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

VISUAL DIMENSION - Media communication that uses audio or

- Are materials, programs, applications that recordings to deliver and transfer
the teac-hers and students use to formulate information through the means of sound
new information to aid learning through the - May refer to audio formats
use, analysis, evaluation and production of
visual images. IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING AUDIO
INFORMATION AND MEDIA
TYPES OF VISUAL MEDIA ● Understanding audio information and
1. PHOTOGRAPHY media is important as earphones,
2. VIDEO headphones, and gadgets are widely used.
3. SCREENSHOT ● Audio media and information is the "now"
4. INFOGRAPHIC thing, making it wise to use this trend for
5. COMIC STRIP/CARTOON learning.
6. MEME ● Audio media is needed for recording distinct
7. GRAPH CHART characteristics, such as vocal works where
8. VISUAL NOTE TAKING vocal quality, dynamics, intensity,
expression, inflections, stops, slides, etc., are
VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS crucial.
1. LINE ● Audio media captures the setting, such as a
2. SHAPE countryside interview or news from a
3. VALUE warzone, which is hard to include in text.
4. TEXTURE
5. COLOR TYPES OF AUDIO MEDIA
6. FORM 1. MUSIC
- Often elicits emotions and arousal
VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES from listeners Calvert (2014).
1. CONSISTENCY - It is effective in mood setting and
2. CENTER OF INTEREST stimulates listeners in performing
3. BALANCE various personal tasks such as
4. HARMONY studying and meditating, as well as
5. CONTRAST social functions like for courtship
6. DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT rituals, for the creation and
maintenance of friendships, as a
TYPES OF SHOTS topic of conversation, and as a way
1. EXTREME WIDE SHOT to encourage dancing (Roberts &
Christenson, 2001 on Calvert 2014).
2. LONG SHOT
2. SOUND EFFECTS
3. FULL SHOT
- makes specific points, provides hint
4. MEDIUM SHOT
5. MEDIUM CLOSE-UP to the setting in the absence of
6. CLOSE-UP visuals (e.g., squeaky doors,
7. – EXTREME CLOSE-UP explosions, rustling leaves, etc.)
- sound effects are grouped into four
(Schneider, 2009)
CAMERA ANGLES AND POINT OF VIEWS
A. HARD SOUND - Those that appear
1. BIRD’S EYE VIEW
on screen and are synchronized to
2. HIGH ANGLE
the picture, recorded directly as
3. EYE LEVEL
what they are.
4. LOW ANGLE
B. FOLEY SOUNDS - Equally
5. WORM’S EYE VIEW
synchronized on screen but are not
6. OVER THE SHOULDER SHOT
the original sound as what they
7. DUTCH ANGLE
appear to be. That means that they
WEEKs DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION AND are recorded and mixed to appear
6-8 MEDIA as another sound on screen.
C. BACKGROUND SOUND - All sounds
that indicate ambience settings.
AUDIO DIMENSION
They do not need to be synchronized
- Audio media is a kind of media resource
to the picture. Ambience sounds are
which uses recorded audio materials for
usually recorded in real life
communicating and delivering information.
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

application in nature and then 3. Go for original music, otherwise, search for
mixed. Common background effects royalty free music.
include weather ambience and 4. Eliminate unnecessary noise as much as
forest ambience, traffic sounds, etc. possible.
D. DESIGN SOUND - Describes a palette 5. Be careful with your voice recordings.
of sounds that usually do not occur 6. Balance layers of sound.
in nature (laser weapon). They may
be created from scratch with MOTION DIMENSION
various audio editing tools and with - Motion media is a form of media that has
the help of effect processors. the appearance of moving text and
3. NARRATION graphics on a display, with a purpose of
- is spoken message that often gives disseminating information to an audience.
the most direct information. This is
the most essential content in some IMPORTANCE UNDERSTANDING MOTION
media formats, such as audiobooks INFORMATION AND MEDIA
designed for the visually-impaired ● Motion media is popular, accessible, and
people or for those who want an available to the public.
alternative listening experience in ● It is misused, abused (pirated), and lacks
novels and other traditional reading enough original quality work for public
content. Henriques (2018) says that viewing.
there are four types of narration: ● It's time to bring back its worth and redeem
a. FULLY-VOICED READING (Solo its influence.
Narration) - Probably the most
recognized style of reading. All of BASIC CAMERA MOVEMENT
the characters are vocalized in a
1. DOLLY
dramatic fashion or in a way that
- The name comes from the tracks be
makes the characters
laid down for the heavy camera to
distinguishable from one another,
move along.
maintained throughout the entire - The phrase dolly-in means step
audiobook, and usually all done by towards the subject with the
one voice actor/narrator.
camera, while dolly-out means to
b. UNVOICED READINGS (Solo
step backwards with the camera,
Narration) - The narrator reads the
keeping the zoom the same.
story in a natural, more
- This type of camera movement is
straightforward tone. There are no often used to focus on a character
changes in voice for different when they’re lost in thought or when
characters. The story is told in the
they’ve come to a sudden
narrator’s voice and the whole book
realization. (NFI, 2020)
is usually voiced by one voice actor.
2. PEDESTAL
c. MULTICAST READINGS / FULL CAST
- Moving the camera up or down
READINGS - There is more than one without changing its vertical or
voice actor hired to read the horizontal axis.
audiobook. This can range from two
- A camera operator can do two
characters (duet narration) or more.
types of pedestals: pedestal up
means “move the camera up;”
AUDIO FILE FORMATS pedestal down means “move the
1. M4A camera down.”
2. FLAC (FREE LOSSLESS AUDIO CODEC) - This movement is best used to shoot
3. MP3 a tall character or subject.
4. MP4 - To use it effectively, move the entire
5. WAV camera up or down on a tripod with
6. WMA (WINDOWS MEDIA AUDIO) respect to the subject. (NFI, 2020)
7. AAC (ADVANCED AUDIO CODING) 3. TRUCK
- It is like dollying, but it involves
SOME TIPS FOR LOW-COST SOUND DESIGNING motion left or right.
1. Never underestimate the power of natural - Truck left means “move the camera
sound. physically to the left while
2. Create your own sound bank.
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

maintaining its perpendicular MANIPULATIVE DIMENSION

relationship.” - Manipulative media are tools that are used
- Trucking is often used during action to aid in hands-on learning.
sequences when you want to keep - They can be physical objects or computer
the camera on a moving character. programs which learners can manipulate in
(NFI, 2020) order to grasp an idea, and gain
4. PAN understanding or mastery of given
- Moving the camera lens to one side concepts.
or another, as if you are looking - These tools assist students to advance their
from left to right or vice versa. knowledge through their visual and
- Panning can help establish the kinesthetic senses.
location of a scene, follow a moving
character, and reveal things that IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING
were previously off-screen (NFI, MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND MEDIA
2020). ● We count with our fingers and use hand
5. TILT signs like thumbs up, ok, quit, etc.
- Moving the cameras lens up or ● The "basics" of manipulative media and
down while keeping its horizontal information is innate in us.
axis constant, as if you are nodding. ● Learning through this medium is natural,
- Tilting the camera can also help you engaging, and affective.
reveal an object or person that was
not on screen before and add an CLASSIFICATION OF MANIPULATIVES
element of surprise to the scene 1. TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVES - does not
you’re setting. (NFI, 2020) require any digital component to function
6. ROLL
2. DIGITAL MANIPULATIVES - are
- Moving the camera onto its side is a
computationally enhanced version of
roll, the way a dog does when he
traditional manipulatives. It is also classified
doesn't understand.
into two: CONCRETE and VIRTUAL
- This is a very rare movement, and a. CONCRETE MANIPULATIVES - allow
one you should only use for very
actual hands-on manipulation
specific purposes
b. VIRTUAL MANIPULATIVES ARE -
7. ZOOM
interactive, web-based, visual
- This technique allows you to move
representation of a dynamic object
closer (zoom in) or farther an object that provides opportunities for
(zoom out) without physically constructing mathematical
moving the camera (Leu, 2020).
knowledge
- Instead, the camera’s lens does the
job. This might lessen the image’s
MULTIMEDIA DIMENSION
quality, that is why the dolly
- Multimedia is a combination of two or more
becomes a better option.
different types of media. There should be a
8. FOLLOWING SHOT
wise mix of various mass media such as
- This is a type of tracking shot in
print, audio and video. With the use of
which the camera continuously
computer technology, integration of video,
follows the subject’s action. (Leu,
animation, audio, graphics, and text
2020).
resources take place and are used to
- Following shots using handheld
develop effective presentations.
camera results to bumpy or shaky
- Multimedia content are multiple streams or
video, which may convey a realistic
aggregation of multimedia objects, possibly
sense.
comprising audio, video, images, text, and
- Steadicams and gimbals may be
various other modalities.
used to create smoother following
shots, but if you do not have this, you
IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING MULTIMEDIA
can still opt for the hand-held style,
INFORMATION AND MEDIA
but stay relaxed to avoid the shakes.
● Multimedia and information education
- To execute this, I normally bend my
encompass all learning styles.
knees a bit to lessen the impact of
● This makes it the most suitable medium for
walking.
the teaching and learning process.
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER | DEC. 05

8. Think of what others can GIVE back

- This is not about getting paid for
your work; this is all about the effect
on your work
- Audience upon viewing your
content. Consider this: netizens will
not shower
- You with emojis just because there is
a button available to react.

STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN MULTIMEDIA

● PRE-PRODUCTION STAGE
PRODUCING MULTIMEDIA CONTENT 1. PLANNING MEETING - the goal of this is to
Factors to consider in producing a good unify the project team members in a
content: common vision and lay out lines of action
1. Establish your THESIS STATEMENT each member must do
- Establishing the thesis statement is 2. CREATIVE BRIEF AND SCRIPT WRITING - short
the first concern of any storyteller. but detailed summary of a company’s
Every content has a story, even if it is background and the campaign goals it aims
not text based. to achieve. This may serve as a blueprint.
2. Know your AUDIENCE 3. STORYBOARDING TO TIE THE ELEMENTS
- The people you are conversing with TOGETHER - visual representation of a film
through your work. Identify their sequence and breaks down the action into
preferences, their level of individual panels.
understanding, their biases, their ● PRODUCTION STAGE
manner of thinking. 4. PRODUCTION AND DESIGNING THE VISUAL
3. Determine your PURPOSE ASPECTS - this is the visual aspects of the
- After identifying the audience, project. This determines how it will look and
determine the purpose why you are feels. Design is always done with an eye
producing a content. Do you want to toward the audience (Smith, 2019).
entertain, teach, correct wrong ● POST-PRODUCTION STAGE
perceptions, call somebody’s
5. REVIEW AND EDITING - also called
attention, advertise, make an post-production stage, the most complex
appeal, etc. of the multimedia development process.
4. Choose your STYLE
Sound, visual are all combined in a
- Definitely, you must be guided by
sequence.
the profile of your audience and the
6. USER TESTING - test members of the
nature of your platform. Decide on
audience use the multimedia piece while
the genre that you will employ. team members observe. After user testing,
5. Think of an INNOVATION there are usually further adjustments to the
- Today’s generation is always project. Once the team and clients are
iordinary production number right
satisfied, the project goes out for
on top of the Sydney Opera House.
distribution.
6. Decide your LANGUAGE
- A person’s foreign language hits the
‘Wag tamadin, reviewhin ang reviewers.
mind; his or her native language hits
the heart. Would you rather
Goodluck sa atin !
stimulate the thinking of your – T.C. ౨ৎ
audience, or would you want your
content to be heartfelt?
7. Explore other OPTIONS
- a single medium enough for you to
inform, or would multimedia help in
gaining wide audience? Remember
that media convergence is a trend.