1.

The new phonetic science is incorporated rst in teaching

practice and methods in the XIXth

The Reform Movemen

2. One of the following sets includes a non-inductive method.

CLL – Interlinear Method – Integrative Metho

3. The audio-lingual method establishes the following order in

teaching the four skills.

Listening – Speaking – Reading – Writin

4. The selection of teaching materials (syllabus) in the Silent Way

Method is based on:

Situational adequac

5. The unit of a speci c textbook consists of the following sections:

1. Dialogue 2. Repetitive practice 3. Some grammatical points
illustrated through diagrams 4. Transfer exercises. This scheme is
to be found in the

Integrative Metho

6. Inductive methods in LT

Take practice as a means to reach learnin

d

fi
 

fi
 

7. “Learners are viewed as organism that can be directed by skilled

training techniques to produce correct responses. In accordance
with behaviourist learning theory. Teaching focuses on the external
manifestation of learning rather than in the internal processes.
Learners play a reactive role by responding to stimuli, and thus
have little control over the continent, pace or style of learning”. The
views here stated are in accordance with the

Audio-lingual Metho

8. It is typical of Direct Metho

The loose and open syllabus submitted to the teache

9. The leadership of the teacher should not be obvious, felt or

visible in one of the following

Interlinear translatio

10. Motivation is most likely to be triggered by activities which

includes

Variety of materials of activitie

11. The Grammar – Translation and Audio-lingual methods agree on

one of the following features

The material offered in the syllabus are rather a closed se

 

 12. The Total Physical Response method takes advantage, as a

major activity in the classroom, o

Imperative drill

13. The book by Skinner Verbal behaviour is at the basis of

designing a speci c type of activities in th

Audio - lingual Metho

14. The “reform movement” in Germany ts into one of the following

methodological approache

Natural way of learnin

15. “The learning material derived from a notional syllabus will

almost inevitably be linguistically heterogeneous and there will be
no ordered exposure to the grammar of the language”, the reason
lies on

The semantic nature of the syllabu

 

fi
d

fi
e

 16. “The natural development of the man, of the animal, of the

plant, of the elements, can be conceived as a series of diverse
ends, realised or ariained by a certain number of means. There are,
therefore, two series of verb in the language, and this language is
not and cannot be other than the expression of this development.
Some verbs there are which express ends, other verbs express
means”. This paragraph was written b

Goui

17. The “Trace Theory” in psychology is the support of one of the

following methods

TPh

18. Humanistic methods advocate for a holistic approach to LT,

because human learning i

both cognitive and affectiv

19. The decline of audiolingualism, among others and principally, is

triggered by

Chomskian linguistic

20. The so called "affective lter" might be associated to one of the

following methods

Suggestopedi
R

fi
y

 21. (The teacher enters in the classroom with a bag full of various
objects). “Teacher: Look. This is a watch. This is a clock. See? This
is a watch and this is a clock. And this is a pencil. Good. This is a
pencil. Now. Listen: This is a watch. Now you say it.
St: This is a watch
T: This is a clock and this, this...
T: This is a pencil and this, this...
T: What is this? This is a book, this is...
T: Is this a watch? Yes, this is...”
The class outlined in this example follows th

Direct Metho

22. Which of the following methods would share the implications of

this learning scheme
i. Reinforcement (If positive, it will become a habit)
ii. Stimulus – Respons
iii. No reinforcement/ negative reinforcement (behaviour will
probably never occur again)

Tph

23. Within the structurally based methods, one of these emphasises

the use of audiovisual materials more than the others

Structuro Global Metho

R

 24. One of the basic differences between the Silent Way and the
Natural Approach relates to learning and language acquisition a

A conscious and subconscious process vs. a fully unconscious proces

25. Humanistic approaches to LT emphasize, more than anything

else:

Learning the language engaging the whole perso

26. The teacher should act rather as a counsellor in the

Communicative Metho

27. The active role of the learner is better safeguarded in one of the
following methods:

Communicativ

28. The teacher in the classroom is supposed to intervene and

interfere as little as possible in one of the following method

Silent wa

29. Audio-lingualism is to be related to

Bloom el
 

fi
y

 30. Conversational materials and dialogues for language teaching

have been used all along the history of LT. They become most
popular through the

XVI C

31. Audiolingualism adopted ve principles on which language

teaching should be based. One of them was exactly

Language, is speech, not writin

32. Which of the following series would match Gouin’s method?

I turn the handle · I open the door · The door moves · The door turns on its
hinge

33. An inductive approach to the teaching of grammar is favoured

by the following set of method

Direct M. · Audio-lingual M. · Communicative M

34. One of the following options contains the most favourable

components for desuggestion applied to LT

Infantilization · Authority · Intonation · Rhyth

s

fi
s

35. “Walk to the door and top on it.

Now run to the table and take the book.
Go to the chair on your left
Sit on it...”
This extract for materials for EFL belongs to the

Total Physical Response Metho

36. Rods, colours and charts for identifying structures and sounds
are used in

SIlent Wa

37. Building con dence and eliminating stress in learners is an

outstanding feature of the

Suggestopedic Metho

38. You want to teach English to business students. Before you lake
any relevant methodological decision you must, rst

Conduct a survey on linguistic needs of the student

39. Words, as they appear in nature, describe the sequence of

actions and therefore follow the logic sequence of cause-effect. This
is representative of the natural relationship between facts and the
causes that make them take place” This statement explains one of
the principles that sustains (the)

TPhR Metho
y

fi
d

fi
 

 40. “Needs analysis” is for the rst time introduced in LT with the

Integrative Metho

41. Natural learning emphasizes ________________ and school

emphasized ________________

acquisition · learnin

42. “Language is a set of rules with which sentences can be

generated” this statement would possibly issue into the following
methodology in the eld of LT.

Traditiona

43. The author of the method “vla media” was

Bath

44. The teacher enters the classroom and informs the students that
they are going to learn a FL following the TPhR method. Therefore,
he will ofte

Ask the students to act and spea

45. The following learning material, in Unit nr. 5 of a textbook,

belongs to one of the following methods: “Going to the supermarket.
I take the umbrella. I open the door. I go down to the parking place.
I enter the car. I take the car out of the garage. I cross the city with
my car. I take a trolley. I enter the supermarket.”

Gouin’s Metho
e

fi
k

fi
 

 46. The following guidelines/ principles are typical of... “Never

translate: demonstrate. Never explain: act. Never imitate mistakes:
correct. Never use the book: use your lesson plan. Never use
abstract concepts: use objects.

Direct Metho

47. Montaigne is very often quoted in the history of teaching foreign

languages as a paradigm of how languages might be learnt
following the

Natural metho

48. Gouin based his approach to LT in

Observation of child language acquisitio

49. Inductive Method in LT

Take practice as a means to reach learnin

50. A method is made out of the following structural and key

components

Theoretical foundations · Content Selected · Techniques · Practical

exercise

51. The scienti c elaboration of materials and the scienti c roots of

the method are particularly emphasised in one of those methods

Audio-lingua
s

fi
 

fi
 

 52. The active role and responsibility of the learner is emphasised in

the

Communicative Metho

53. The following technique is typical of the audiolingual method

Drillin

54. Cognitive activities are to be avoided in all but one of the

following methods

suggestiopedi

55. Choose a skill-based approach for the organization and

sequencing of teaching materials is more likely depend on

The kind of grammatical goals previously de ne

56. Ascham, in his The Schoolmaster (1570), gives an explanation

of what is the

double translation metho

57. The school of Port-Royal applied its own linguistic theory to LT

in the so called

Rationalistic Metho
 

fi
d

 58. One of the following names is associated to the shaping of the

traditional or grammar translation method

Ollendorf

59. “Notional syllabuses” are to be considered

List of functional communicative topics and register

60. The “Treshold Level” is the basis for

Notional-functional Syllabu

61. The “biological programming” of our brain is taken as a basis for

de ning the method in the

Total Physical Response Metho

62. Activities, as basic units of action in the classroom are made out
of the following essential elements

goal(s) + procedur

63. One of the following elements is not considered relevant for

motivating students

Deductive character of tas

64. A “Task oriented syllabus is

A syllabus based on for

65. “Linguistic context” is a based requirement and has been

explicitly claimed so in the

Communicative Metho
fi
f

66. One of these methods does not favour students’ leading role in
the classroom

Audio-lingual Metho

67. “Books and dialogues” for teaching languages are to be placed

within the materials based on

An inductive approac

68. One of the following methods is not considered a natural

method

Silent Wa

69. “Eliminating the barriers hindering learning inside our brain is

one of the main purposes of

The Suggestopedic Metho

70. “Listen rst, speak later” is the “golden principle” of

Method based on the learning of linguistic structure

71. As a whole we can safely state that

The goal of an activity is conditioned by the strategy applie

72. Mark the so called “classical sequencing of activities” in the

classroom or textbook materials

Presentation · Practice · Production · Transfe

 

fi
 

 73. Mark the correct statement

The Reform Movement emphasised that speech, rather than the written
word, was the primary form of languag

74. The rst and most outstanding dependence of the discipline

Language Teaching Methodology on linguistics is illustrated by the

Audio-lingual Metho

75. One of the following features constitutes an essential element of

a “communicative activity”

Relevant meaning-implie

76. Mark the correct statement

The more linguistic the nature of an activity, the less communicative it i

77. “An interactive activity developed in the target language, aiming

at the achievement of a teleologic goal, and comprising several
subactivities” that is the de nition of

A tas

78. Sequencing of activities

Affects the structure of a uni

79. “The Fidels”, used by Gattegno, serve the purpose of

illustrating the phonological system of a languag

k

fi
d

fi
 

 80. The “school model” in the sequencing of activities in textbooks

and classrooms is referred to as the ______________________
model

P·P·

81. Motivation is one of the key components in the process of

language learning. Such a component is assumed to made out of

Many complex element

82. The rst textbook for teaching languages with help of pictures
was written by

Commeniu

83. “There are not and cannot be two teaching methods. There is
only one, the one that rests upon the everlasting laws of nature”.
This statement, applied to the teaching of languages was made by

Pestalozz

84. “Errors should be immediately corrected” this is a principle in

the

Audio-lingual metho

85. One of these pair of statements is wrong

Via-Media – teach spoken language alon

86. If you are Spanish and go to Leeds to learn English, what is the
status of English

Second Languag
 

fi
i

 87. Which three dimensions are distinguished in Sánchez’s (1997)

construct of “method” in Language Teaching

The Why, the What and the Ho

88. Which term is NOT an element of the “method” concept in

Language Teaching?

Curriculu

89. Please choose which concept(s) refer(s) to the deductive

method

From generalization to speci c instances or subsuming facts that are

inferred or deduced from a general principle

90. One of the components of the "method" concept is the Why,

which refers to

A set of principles and belief

91. In Language Teaching, which of the following types of methods

entails focusing on both form and content rather than content
alone

Deductive + inductive (weak version of CLT

92. Hermeneumata were instructional manuals to teach

Greek to Latin-speaking people in the Roman Empir

93. Who learned languages by learning phrases or sayings as their

principal technique (at least, that we are aware of)?

The Egyptian
?

fi
w

 94. Which one of the following principles does NOT belong to

Comenius’ tenets of teaching according to Celce-Murcia (2001)

Helping your students practice reading and writing

95. Which of the following sentences best describes Comenius’

tenets

Every language should be learned by practice, rather than by rules

96. Which of the following statements is one of the goals of the G-

T

The individual learning of the foreign language as an academic subject

97. Which of the following goals does NOT correspond to the G-T

To repeat oral language so as to acquire it

98. Which of the following goals of the G-T is NOT correct

To learn the correct pronunciation of the foreign language

99. Which one of the following procedures is NOT followed to learn

an L2 in a natural environment according to the Natural Approach?

Establishing an indirect association between words and concepts by

means of object

100. Which of the following principles is NOT associated with

Du ef

Emphasis on writing repetition

?

fi
?

 101. Which one of the following statements corresponds to one of

Marcel’s pedagogical principles

Reading should be taught before the other skills

102. Which skills are emphasized in Gouin’s Series Method

Listening and speakin

103. Which of the following series best exempli es Gouin’s

method?

I turn the handle-I open the door-the door moves-the door turns on its
hinges

104. Please mark the false statement

The Reform Movement emphasizes that the written word is the primary
form of language

105. Who were the predecessors of the DM

A and B are correct

106. Please choose the correct answer

A and B are correct

107. The of cial goal of the DM

…has to do with thinking in the foreign language to learn how to speak it

108. Please choose the slogan which was NOT formulated by

William Moulton concerning the ALM

Languages are quite similar

.

fi
.

fi
?

 109: Please choose the incorrect statement about the ALM

Students absorb their own knowledge

110. “Language is a set of norms” is a statement that is associated

with

Prescriptivis

111. The de nition of a drill is

An exercise used primarily for practicing sounds or sentence patterns in a

language based on guided repetition or practice

112. In ALM, which of these types of drill is not a recognised one

Contradiction dril

113. SLT places emphasis on

Listening and speakin

114. Which is the goal of ALM

To enable students to communicate mainly orally in a foreign language

115. Which of the following elements does NOT belong to

instructional materials in ALM

Written materials at the beginning of the lesso

116. Which of the following statements about roles of instructional

materials in SLT is true?

Written materials delayed from the beginning of classroom instruction

:

fi
l

 117. The goal of SLT is:

To communicate mainly orally in the foreign languag

118. When it comes to error correction in SLT

It is compulsory and immediate

119. Which of the following is NOT considered a structural method

120. The goal of TPR is

To attain oral pro ciency at an elementary level

121. Which is the goal of TPR?

To attain oral pro ciency at an elementary level

122. Which of the following is NOT considered a Humanistic

Method

123. Which of the following activities is NOT typically implemented

in CL

Mechanical drill

124. Which of the following is the main novelty in N-F Syllabuses

The emphasis on notions and speech acts

L

fi
fi
:

 125. Which of the following statements corresponds to a major

distinctive feature of CLT

Drilling may occur, but peripherally

126. Who is the author of the Output Hypothesis?

Swai

127. Which of the following statements does NOT belong to the

weak version of CLT

The main focus lies on communication

128. Which one of the following aspects is NOT favoured by CLT in

its late period

Focus on structural meaning

129. Which of the following disciplines was NOT involved in the

origins of CLT

American Functional Linguistic

130. Which activity is NOT a staple type of activity in CLT

Translatio

131. How is Willis’ TBLT framework structured

Pre-task, task cycle, and language focus

n

 132. Which one of the following de nitions of tasks does NOT

correspond to Ellis’ own de nition (2003, 2009)?

A task is an activity which requires learners to manipulate language forms

133. Which type of primary emphasis had the initial conceptions of

TBLT?

Fluenc

134. Which of the following statements is NOT true about TBLT

It is a humanistic method

135. Within the Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis, which of the

following principles does NOT belong to the process of learning

It results in implicit knowledge

136. Which of the following is NOT one of Krashen’s hypotheses

The Output Hypothesis

137. Which statement does NOT belong to Krashen’s Input

Hypothesis

We acquire language solely by negotiating for meaning in communicative

interactions

138. Which one of the following statements related to Krashen and

Terrell’s Natural Approach is false

Emphasis on repetitive learning to acquire knowledge and develop

linguistic paradigms
y

fi
.

fi
 

 139. What does CLIL stand for?

Content and Learning Integrated Language

140. What is the goal of CLIL

To develop language and content knowledge

141. According to Lyster’s (2007) instructional options for

counterbalancing in CBI, which of the following statements is a
content-based option

Content-based tasks for production

142. Which of the following methods/approaches is most closely

related to CLIL

The Natural Approach

143. G-T is mainly _____ focused and thus emphasises the

development of _____ knowledge

Form/declarative knowledg

144. All the following methods but for one are explicitly targeted at
reducing students stress in FLL.

TP

145. One of the following statements is not a principle of CLT as

established by Morrow (1981)

Activities should operate below the sentence leve

R

 146. The interactional support given to learners that enables them

to communicate successfully at a level beyond their current
competence is called _____

scaffoldin

147. Task-based teaching, as opposed to task - supported teaching,

mostly relies on

unfocused task

148. The term "method" in Anthony (1963) refers to the following

elements of the methodology construct

The What and the Ho

149. The advocators of the natural approach to learning languages

were fond of Ollendorff because of his

Emphasis on oral practic

150. Krashen coined and designed his theory of "comprehensible

imput", according to which imput is made comprehensible to the
learner thanks to all the following aspects except for one. Which
one

Translatio
?

 151. A picture-strip story (without a dialogue) is cut up into its

separate pictures. One picture is handed to each member of a
group. Without seeing each other's pictures, the learners in the
group must decide on the original sequence and reconstruct the
story. This is an example of

a tas

152. Ascham's imitation stage in his Double Translation Method

refers t

reproducing the L

153. The state of "concert pseudo-passiveness" is favoured by the

following method

Suggestopedi

154. Mark the correct statement

The Reform Movement emphasised that speech, rather than the written
word, was the primary form of languag

155. The AVSG does not allow the use of the textbook at the initial
stage of FLL becaus

the printed words deviated attention from the aural impu

156. "Analysis is rejected in favour of analogy (which involves

generalisation and discrimination)". This statement belongs to

AL
M

 157. One of the following sets include an approach/method where

deductive learning is activated. Which one

G-T - C

158. You have learned a language when you learned the rules
governing the linguistic system

G-

159. Behaviourist habit-learning theory is, by de nition

inductiv

160. The use of realia for language teaching purposes was rst
claimed by

161. The "Input Hypothesis" was rst formulated by

Krashe

162. The leadership of the teacher should not be obvious, felt or

visible in one of the following methods

Interlinear Translation Metho

163. The DM and the AVSG share the following negative criticism

Their practical dif culties in conveying meaning in a visual wa

M

fi
d

fi
:

fi
:

fi
:

 164. In the procedural syllabus, the emphasis is on

Task

165. For the most optimal transmission of high-pitched sounds,

Guberina advocated

Passing them through a discontinuous frequency ban

166. "Teaching of grammay by examples and ocular

demonstration". This is key principle of

167. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, what was the main
pedagogical purpose of the books of dialogues in formal context

To learn everyday sentences

168. Regarding the linguistic theory, the ALM is to be related to one

of these linguistics

Bloom el

169. Conversational materials and dialogues for language teaching

have been used all throughout the history of Language Teaching.
They became most popular for the rst time in th

16th centur

170. The author who coined the phrase and concept of "arithmetical
fallacy" as applied to the language content of the G-T was

Swee
M

fi
d

fi
:

 171. In his implementation of TBLT, Prabhu addressed error

correction

Incidentalll

172. In which type of CLIL model is the teacher going to be a

language specialist rather than a content specialist

theme based instructio

173. One of the following pairs is closely related to each other in

terms of learning content and historical period

N-F Syllabuses - The Threshold Leve

174. The rst list of vocabulary based on frequency and extracted

from a corpus of spoken daily language was incorported as a tool
for syllabus design in the..

AVS

175. Learning language inductively by using the language you need

are features that de ne the communicating in

Natural curren

176. The following guidelines/principles, never translate:

demonstrate. Never explain: act. Never imitate mistakes: correct.
Never use the book: use your lesson plan. Never use abstract
concept: use objects, were recommended by __

Berlitz School
G

fi
y

fi
n

 177. Task-based Language Teaching pursues to foster the

development of ____ knowledge. It is mainly ____-focuse

procedural/messag

178. Which of the following authors does not follow the 'silent
period' principle

Berlit

179. Students listen or watch the task being performed by experts -

this is one of the possible pedagogical options belonging to the
following part of TBLT

Pre-tas

180. In which of the following methods or approaches is the form of

error correction called 'recasts' most likely to be used

CL

181. "Grammar rules should be followed by illustrative examples".

This principle is characteristic of

Ollendorf's Metho

182. Only one of the following methods does not forbid the use of
the students' L1 in the classroom but even encourages it. Which
one

C
L

 183. Oral pro ciency is equated with accurate pronunciation and

grammar and the ability to respond quickly and accurately in
speech situations. This pedagogical objective applies to the
following method/approach

Krashen's natural approac

184. All of the following classroom activities would be consistent

with the Monitor Model except

students' creating dialogue

185. The socio-constructivist learning theory was put forward by the

following autho

Vygotsk

186. One of the following characteristics does not pertain to

activities fostering ' uency', which one

practising isolated samples of languag

187. Gouin based the design of his method for Language Teaching
on

the observation of child language acquisition in natural environment

188. All of the following hypotheses are part of Krashens Monitor

Model except

connectionist hypothesi
:

fi
:

fl
s

 189. N-F Syllabuses are more precisely considere

a list of communicative functions and notion

190. "Books of dialogues" for teaching languages are to be placed

within the materials based on

an inductive approac

191. "Eliminating the barriers hindering learning inside our brain" is

one of the main purposes o

Suggestopedi

192. Identify the "classical sequencing of activities" that is typically

found in classroom or textbook materials

Presentation-Practice-Productio

193. Inductive methods in LT

Use practice as a means to reach learnin

194. The G-T and the ALM share one of the following features

The materials offered in the syllabus form a rather closed se

195. Which one of the following methods or approaches best

supports active learner participation

CL
T

 196. Which one of the following series would match Gouin's

method

I turn the handle - I open the door - The door moves - The door turns on
its hinge

197. Humanistic methods emphasise

Engaging the whole person in learning a languag

198. A textbook presents the following feaatures: Strong teacher

control over the timing of written material presentation || Visual
elements as the central focus in the classroom || Emphasis on
global understanding of situational dialogues before structural
practice || Introduction of vocabulary based on high frequency of
use

199. What does the CEFR offer

Broad methodological guideline

200. The sequence to follow in a task-based language teaching

lesson is

Pre-task, task cycle and language focus

201. TBLT is considered to be a spin-off of

CL
V

 202. Which of the following statements regarding TBLT is NOT

true

Written skills are prioritised but oral skills are catered for to

203. Which of the following types of task was NOT proposed by

Prabhu

Grammatical-gap tas

204. Which type of task was NOT used in the Bangalore Project

Question-gap tas

205. Which is the most content-based model in CBL

Immersion programme

206. One of the language teaching instruments in the Middle Ages

was the catechistic technique. It drew on the question-and-answer
technique, whose predecessor(s) was/were

Hermeneumat

207. "Every language must be learned by practice rather than by

rules, especially by reading, repeating, copying and by written and
oral attempts at imitation" (Comenius). What approach to learning a
language did Comenius make explicit for the rst time

Interactiv

208. Krashen's notion of the "silent period" was preceded by that of

the "incubation period", which was proposed by

Rosentha
?

fi
:

 209. Gouin's method is considered to be similar to the DM in so as

far as both may be classi ed as "natural methods". They do not
share, however, one of the following features

L1 us

210. Coehlo (1992) acounts for three main kinds of cooperative

learning tasks in CLL. Which ones

Team practice from common input, jigsaw and cooperative project

211. Which of the following statements about CLL is false

Group-based learning is thought to be an impediment to acquire language

knowledg

212. Which of the following options is NOT a premise of language in

CLL

Individual L2 acquisition is hihgly encourage

213. According to Richards and Rodgers (2014), which of the

following premises does NOT belong to CLL

Maxims are practised in individually structured activitie

214. Which of the folllowing bene ts potentially corresponds to

CLIL

All of the above are correc

215. Who was the director of the Modern Languages Project or

Threshold Level

John Tri
?

fi
fi
?

 216. What are the main differences between the ALM and CL

In the ALM, students are expected to interact within teh language system
which the teacher has previously introduced them to / In CLT, student-
student interaction and the teaching activities are related to students'
interests

217. Which of the following activities are the most distinctive ones in
CLT

All the previous one

218. Which attitude towards errors does CLT have

Errors are a sign of the learners' internal syllabu

219. Which of the following elements is NOT mentioned by Farrell

and Jacobs (2010) and Jacobs and Farrell (2003) in their
conceptualisation of the last period of CLT

Students' capacity to meet one anothe

220. Which of the following sentences is correct about the

"Aquisition- Learning Hypothesis" of Krashen and Terrell's Natural
Approach

Acquisition is an unconscious and learning is a conscious proces

221. Which of the following pedagogical principles is NOT a

characteristic of the TPR

L1 use in the classroo

?

 222. What are the main activities through which the selected
content is transmitted in TPR

Imperative drills requiring non-verbal answers, conversational dialogues,

and role plays around everyday-life situations

223. Which of the following activities is representative of the TPR

Asking students to act out a sequence of commands in response to the

teacher's verbal prompts

224. Which type of activity is NOT frequently implemented in TPR

Writing at the end of the clas

225. Which supporting materials are considered "direct" in

Suggestopedia

Both a) and c) are correc

226. Choose the right option to complete the following statement:

The Council of Europe, founded in 1949, had the aim of: __

Protecting human rights, pluralist democracy, and the rule of law

227. In N-F Syllabuses, languages are always used with a

communicative context

Tru

228. The rst author who explicitly distinguished between modern

receptive skills ("Impression") and productive ones ("expression")
was

Marce
e

fi
?

 229. The following quotations is taken from a teacher's textbook:

"The learner is expected to deduce the meaning of a particular
structure or vocabulary item from the situation in which it is
presented. Extending structures and vocabulary to new situations
takes place by generalization. The learner is expected to apply the
language learned in a classroom to situations outside the
classroom." Which of the following methods fully complies with
these learning principles

SL

230. The following type of activity is idiosyncratic of the ALM

Dril

231. What is the most noticeable pedagogical innovation of CLT

regarding N-F Syllabuses

The variety in the typology of activitie

232. Learners should learn to see that falled communication is a

joint responsibility and not the fault of the speaker or listener. This
view of errors pertains to

CL
T