“super 30”

(Volume I)
Long questions
th
Class 10
Social science

Prepared by: Gurdeep

Class 10th
Social science
Q1. Describe the temperature and rainfall condition necessary for the growth of
rice.
Ans:
I. Rice is the staple crops of the majority of the Indian.
II. It is a tropical plant and kharif crops.
III. It grows well in hot and humid conditions.
IV. It requires high temperature and humidity.
V. Temperature should be more than 25 degree centigrade with minor
variation during sowing, growing and harvesting season.
VI. And annual rainfall should be more than 100 cm
VII. Alluvial soil and clay soil are good for rice cultivation.
VIII. Rice plant needs standing water in the field throughout the growing
periods.
IX. Rice is mainly grown in north and North eastern India, coastal plains
and The deltaic region.
X. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Orissa, Kerala and Punjab are the major rice producing States.
Q2. Describe the temperature and rainfall condition climatic and geographical
condition necessary for the growth of the wheat.
Ans:
1) Wheat is the second important staple food crops of Indians.
2) It is a subtropical plant and Rabi crop.
3) It needs cool and moist climatic condition during the growing season
and bright sunshine at the time of harvesting.
4) Annual rainfall should be between 50 to 75 CM annual rainfall is
good for the growth of the wheat.
5) It needs well drained fertile soil specially alluvial soil.
6) India has two major wheat growing areas Ganga satluj plains in the
north west, Black soil in Deccan.
7) Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan are the leading producer of a wheat .
Q3. What are the favourable climatic condition for rubber cultivation.
Ans:
1. Rubber is an equatorial crop.
2. it also grow in a tropical and subtropical region.
3. it needs hot and humid climate.
rainfall should be more than 200 cms.
4. temperature should be more than 25 degree CC.
Q4. Explain technology and institutional reforms in Indian agricultures.
Ans:
Institutional reforms
1) Collectivisation and consolidation of the land holding.
2) Land ceiling
3) Admission of Zamidari.
4) Land Reform and agriculture were the main focus of our first five year
plan.
5) Provision of crop insurance against droughts, floods, cyclones etc. to
protect farmers.
6) Gramin Bank cooperative societies and Bank provided loan facilities to
farmer at low in rate of interest.
 7) Kisan credit cards (KCC) and personal accident insurance scheme (PAIS)
for farmers introduced by the government.
Technological reform:
8) Special weather bulletin and agriculture program for farmers through
radio and television.
9) Green revolution based on the use of technology.
10) White revolution in the field of milk was introduced.
Q5. Highlight any differences between primitive subsistence farming,
commercial farming and intensive subsistence farming.
Ans: Primitive subsistence farming.
1) It is practiced on small patches of land.
2) This type of farming is done with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao,
and digging sticks and with the help of family members.
3) The famer depends on natural manure and monsoon and.
4) Hence production is low.
Intensive subsistence farming.
1) It is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
2) It is labour intensive farming.
3) It require high doses of biochemical input, and irrigation are used for
obtaining higher production.
Commercial farming.
1) This type of farming is done on the large patch of a land.
2) In this type of farming farmer uses high doses of modern inputs,
high yielding variety seeds HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers,
insecticide and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
3) This kind of farming is done to produce crops for selling in the
market to earn good profit.
4) This is done using capital intensive tools and waged labourers.
5) Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab.
Q6. Name the two major fibre crops grown in India describe the conditions
required for growth of these two crops with their growing areas.
Ans: Two major fibre crops:
 • Cotton
• Jute
Geographical condition required for cotton
• It requires black soil.
• it require high temperature and high rainfall or irrigation.
• it required 210 Frost free days and bright sunshine.
• it is grown in the state of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and
Karnataka.
Geographical condition required for Jute
• It requires well drained fertile soil in the flood plains where soils are
renewed every year.
• It requires a high temperature.
• it requires high rainfall.
• it requires fresh water and cheap labour.
• it grows in West Bengal, Bihar, coastal region of Odisha, Andhra
Pradesh.
Q7. Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions in India analyse
the statement.
Ans:
• Well developed irrigation facilities have reduced the dependency
of peasants on monsoon by ensuring regular supply of water
• Major shift: The development of proper irrigation facilities has
enabled peasants to grow the water intensive and commercial crops.
• The development of tube well irrigation pumps in the farming lands
has enabled peasants to irritate the large plot of field.
• It has increased productivity.
• The development of irrigation facility has resulted in changing the
cropping pattern.
• Well developed irrigation facilities have resulted the barren land
into the agriculture land.
Q8. “Print revolution in 16 century Europe transformed the lives of people”.
support the statement which suitable arguments.
Ans:
• Introduction: Print revolution was not just a new way of production of
book but it transformed the lives of people to information and
knowledge.
• It reduced the time, labour and cost of producing books.
• Books became accessible.
• People from all sphere of life began reading books.
• Now books reached a large section of people so there was a transition
from ‘hearing public’ to ‘reading public’.
• The people now look at the world with new eyes. Eyes that were
questioning and critical, applying the rule of reasons and rationality.
• People were started to think differently, it opened their mind to vast
horizon of knowledge.
• they exposed to ideas of thinkers and philosopher. They analyse the things
in their own way.
• Conclusion: a new world of debates and discussion was created they were
now aware rational and just everything with region.
Q9. How has printing press created a new culture of reading in Europe.
Or
How did the print revolution lead to the development of reading mania in
Europe.
Ans: As literacy and school spread in European countries there was virtual
reading mania that developed
• New forms of popular literature appeared to target new readers.
• Booksellers or pedlars roamed around villages carrying little book of
different interest for sale, like almanacs ballads , folktales for etc.
• There were Ritual calendar along with ballad and folk tales.
• In England penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlar, known as
Chapmen and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could by them.
• In France these low priced book were called ‘Biliotheque Bleue, as they
were bound in cheap blue cover.
• Newspaper general containing information started circulating.
• Books of various sizes serving different purposes and interests.
 • The ideas of scientist and scholarship have now become more accessible to
the common people.
• Scientist like Newton began to publish their discoveries.
• writing of thinkers like Thomas Paine, Voltaire, Rousseau also affected
the thinking of the people.
• Periodical press developed to combine information on current affair with
entertainment.
Q10. Issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many printed
tracts and essay in India in the late 19th century. support the statement with two
suitable example.
Ans:
Issues of caste discrimination begin to be written about in many tracts and essays
in India in the late 19th century.
1) The social reformer like Jyotiba fule wrote about the injustice of the caste
system in his book gulamgiri 1871.
2) In 20th century BR Ambedkar and AV Ramaswamy Naicker wrote about
casteism and their writings were read by people all over India.
3) Kashi Baba a Kanpur millworker wrote and published ‘chhote aur bade ka
sawal’ in 1938, which suggested the links between caste and class
exploitation.
4) Another Kanpur millworker Sudarshan chkr wrote poems and published
in a collection called ‘Sanchi kavitaen’
Q11. How did the large number of new readers among children women and
workers increase in the 19th century Europe explain with example.
Ans: readers increases in 19th century Europe
1) Primary education made compulsory.
2) Press devoted to children literature were established in France in 1857 to
publish new works, fairy tales and folk tales.
3) The Grimm brothers In Germany compiled traditional folk tales
collected from peasants and published them in 1812.
4) Anything unsuitable to children was deleted.
5) Women become important reader and writers.
 6) Penny magazines were especially meant for women as these were full of
essay about proper behaviour and housekeeping.
7) In late 19th century ‘lending library’ in England became instruments for
educating white collar workers, artisans and lower middle class people.
8) After the working days was shortened from the mid 19th century, workers
had some time for self improvement and self preparation.
Q12. “The Economic strength of a country is measured by the development of
manufacturing industries”. support the statement with arguments.
Ans:
1) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture, which forms the
backbone of our economy.
2) They also reduce the heavy dependency of people on agricultural income.
3) It provide job in a secondary and tertiary sector to the people.
4) Industrial Development eradicates unemployment and poverty from our
country.
5) It brings down regional disparities(inequalities) by establishing industries
in tribal and backward area.
6) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
7) It brings in much needed foreign exchange.
8) Countries that transform the raw material into wide variety of finished
goods of high value are prosperous.
9) India's prosperity lie in increasing and diversifying it's manufacturing
industries as quickly as possible.
Q13. Suggest any three steps to minimise the environment degradation caused by
the industrial development in India.
Ans:
• Water pollution
i. Minimising the use of water by reusing and recycling it in two or
more successive stage.
ii. Harvesting of rainwater can be done to meet water requirements.
iii. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and
ponds.
• Air pollution
 i. Smoke can be reduced by using oil and natural gas instead of coal in
the factories.
ii. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks
to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers
and inertial separators.
• Noise pollution
i. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be
fitted with silencer.
ii. Almost all machineries can be a redesigned to increase energy
efficiency and reduce a noise.
iii. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of
earplugs and earphones.
Q14. Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and
around Chotanagpur region.
Ans: The reasons for the concentration of iron and steel industries in and around
the Chotaagpur plateau are.
• Availability of iron ore: The region is closed to the iron mines, thus the
raw material can be easily transported to the industries and can be
available easily.
• Proximity of other raw material: Limestone and coking coal is also
readily and easily available for production.
• Good transportation system: The region is well connected through
railways and as well as roadways
• Availability of labour: Cheap and skilled labour is easily available from
the states Uttar Pradesh Bihar Jharkhand
• Port facilities: Kolkata port is nearby and facilitate the export of the
finished goods.
Q15. “Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hooghly river”. Explain
giving regions.
Ans:
i. West Bengal is the store house of jute. It produce the highest quantity of
jute.
ii. The industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the
Hooghly river.
iii. Cheap labour is easily available because of migrating labour from
neighbouring states of Bihar and Odisha.
iv. Inexpensive water transport in the river Hooghly is available.
v. A large urban sector in Kolkata provides banking, insurance and loan
facilities.
vi. Kolkata is a good harbour which can provide facilities for the export of a
jute products in various parts of the world.
Q16. Describe any three major problems faced by the jute industries in India.
Explain any two objectives of national jute policy
Ans:
I. Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitute.
II. Stiff competition from other jute producing countries like Bangladesh,
Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
Objective of national jute policy.
i. To increase the demands for jute, the government has introduced a policy
of mandatory use of jute packaging.
Q17. Explain any three problems faced by cotton textile industries in India.
Ans:
I. Power supply is erratic. Regular power supply without brakes is essential
for this industries.
II. Output of labour is low because the machinery outdated.
III. Particularly in the weaving and processing sector the machineries needed to
be upgraded.
IV. This industries face stiff competition from the synthetic fibre industries in
terms of cost and convenience of use.
Q18. “Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other”. Support your
answer by giving any three arguments.
Or
“Agriculture and industries move hand in hand”. Explain.
Ans: The role of industries in development of agriculture can be seen through
the following points
 1) Agro-based industries have given a major boost to agriculture industry by
raising productivity of those crops which are used as raw material in
industries.
2) Industries help in modernising the agriculture.
3) Agro-base industries provide industrial products such as fertilizer,
insecticide, irrigation pumps, PVC pipe, machine and tools to the farmers
to increase agriculture productivity.
4) The industrial sector provide employment to the excess labour (labours who
are actually disguised unemployed) in the agriculture sector.
5) Thus, development of manufacturing industries has not only assisted
agriculture sector in increasing their production but also made production
process very efficient.
Q19. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.
Ans: Chemical industries a very important role in our economy.
1) They contributes to 3% of our GDP.
2) India stand 3rd in producing chemical in Asia and 12th in world.
3) Indian chemical industries produce both organic and inorganic chemicals.
4) It produced inorganic chemicals like hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid,
soda ash, nitric acid etc.
5) Inorganic chemicals helps in the formation of the synthetic fibre, glass,
soaps and detergent, etc.
6) organic chemicals are actually made from petrochemicals and are used for
making synthetic fibre and glass etc.
7) These are situated near the petrochemical refineries.
8) Chemical industries are its biggest consumer chemical industries consume
other chemical to make synthetic clothes, soap and detergent.
Q20. The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy
explain.
Ans:
The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self reliant and
complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added
products.
The statement can be justified as follow:
 1) Textile industry is dependent on agriculture and provides job to farmers,
cotton ball plucker and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving,
dying, packaging, tailoring and sewing .
2) It contributes significantly to industrial production. India has world class
production in spinning and capable of using all the fibres that are produced.
3) Textile industries has been a major foreign exchange earner with increase
in foreign trade across the world.
4) It contributes significantly to National GDP.
Q21. Describe any five factors that promote the multinational corporation MNC is
to set up their production unit in the particular place.
Ans: MNCs set up production units on the basis of:
1) Proximity to the markets.
2) Availability of a raw material at low cost
3) Availability of skill and unskilled labour at a low cost.
4) Availability of other factors of production is assured.
5) Government policies that look after their interest.
6) Developed infrastructure.
7) Safety measures.
Q22. Explain by giving examples that multinational corporation are spreading their
production in different ways.
Ans:
Multinational corporation are spreading their production in different ways.
1) By setting up partnership with the local companies.
2) By placing orders with local companies for example garments, footwear,
sports items etc.
3) By closely competing with the local companies.
4) By buying local companies for example Cargill buying Parakh food in
India.
Q23. How are local companies benefited by collaborating with multinational
companies evaluate any three benefits.
Ans:
 1) MNCs can provide money for additional investments, like buying new
machines for faster production.
2) MNCs is might bring with them the latest technology for production.
3) MNCs also buy some local companies to expand production, since they
have wealth exceeding the entire budgets of some of the developing
countries.
Q24. “Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large
extent in India since 1991”. Justify the statement.
Ans:
1) Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were partially
removed.
2) Goods could be imported and exported easily.
3) Foreign companies could set up factories and offices here.
4) Opportunities for Indian producers to complete with a producers
around the globe.
Q25. “Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development”.
Assess the statement.
Ans: Cheap and affordable credit is crucial:
1) Many people want to start an enterprise by borrowing, may not do so
because of high cost of borrowing.
2) Banks and cooperative societies need to be lend more and more loans.
3) This would lead to higher income and many people could then borrow at
cheap rates for a variety of needs.
4) They could grow crops, do business or set up small scale industries.
Q26. Why had the Indian government put barrier to foreign trade and foreign
investment after independence analyse the reasons.
Ans: Indian government has put barriers to foreign trade and foreign
investment after independence because:
1) It wanted to protect the producers within the country from foreign
competition.
2) As the industries were just coming up in 1950s and 1960s the competition
at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come up.
 3) Indians allowed import of only essentials item such as machinery,
fertilizers, petroleum,etc.
Q27. Describe the impact of globalisation.
Ans:
Positive: impact
• Wide variety of goods now available to the consumers.
• New jobs are created in industries.
• Top Indian companies have benefited by successful collaboration with
the foreign companies.
• Some of local companies benefited by supplying raw materials to these
industries.
• Several top Indian companies have been benefited from the increased
competition with foreign companies.
• Lower price of commodities.
• High standard of living for people.
•

Negative: impact
Q: Describe the problems created by globalisation for small producers and
workers.
• Tough competition with the big companies.
• several small units are being shutdown.
• Insecurity of job.
• Unemployment of workers.
• Workers are hired on temporary basis.
• Worker have to put in long working hours and work night shift.
• wages are low and forced to work over time.
Q28. What is globalisation? Describe the role of multinational corporation in
promoting globalisation process.
Ans:
Globalisation:
 I. Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection
between countries.
II. Globalisation is a flow of commodities, capital, Idea and people across
the world.
MNCs play an important role in the globalisation process.
1) They compete with the local producers.
2) Their work leads to exchange of investment and products.
3) Their work leads to the interconnection between the diverse
countries.
4) MNCs control production in more than one country.
5) They collaborate with smaller industries helping them to be more
profitable.
6) Being economically rich they are able to make investments in
various country.
7) They are also technically advanced, and helping the developing
countries technologically.
8) They offer higher income, better job and better education.
9) More goods are available globally at the cheaper rate and good
quality.
10) They provide greater opportunity of choices.
11) They provide the more job opportunities.
Q29. Describe any five outcomes of democracy.
Ans:
1) The most which about comes of democracy that it is accountable to citizens.
2) Democracy is responsive to their needs and expectations.
3) Another account democracy is that it is a legitimate government it means
all decisions are taken as per the constitution only.
4) Democracy based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation, though it
results in delays.
5) It ensures that decision making is based on norms and procedure.
6) Another outcomes is transparency.
7) Democratic government setup following practices and institutions: regular
free and fair elections; open public debate on major policy and
legislation; and citizens’ right to information about the government and its
functioning.
Q30. How can you say that democracy is better than dictatorship?
Or
Which value make democracy better than any other form of a government
explain.
Ans:
1) Democracy promotes equality among citizens as it is people's own
government.
2) It enhances the dignity of the individual.
3) It also improve the quality of decision making.
4) It provides methods to resolve conflict, if any.
5) Only democracy allows room to correct mistakes.
6) It is a legitimate government.
7) Gives equal status and respect to women and weaker sections.