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Biological Classification QA

The document outlines key characteristics and classifications within biological taxonomy, focusing on Kingdom Monera, archaebacteria, cyanobacteria, Protista, fungi, lichens, viruses, viroids, and prions. It details differences between archaebacteria and eubacteria, the nature of slime molds, and the distinctions between fungi and plants. Additionally, it highlights the significance of lichens and the role of viruses as a link between living and non-living entities.

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15 views2 pages

Biological Classification QA

The document outlines key characteristics and classifications within biological taxonomy, focusing on Kingdom Monera, archaebacteria, cyanobacteria, Protista, fungi, lichens, viruses, viroids, and prions. It details differences between archaebacteria and eubacteria, the nature of slime molds, and the distinctions between fungi and plants. Additionally, it highlights the significance of lichens and the role of viruses as a link between living and non-living entities.

Uploaded by

kumarrohit67381
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biological Classification – Questions and

Answers
1. 1. What are the main characteristics of Kingdom Monera?

- Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms.


- No membrane-bound organelles.
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan (except in archaebacteria).
- May be autotrophic (chemo- or photo-) or heterotrophic.
- Reproduce mostly by binary fission.

2. 2. What are archaebacteria? How are they different from eubacteria?

Archaebacteria are primitive bacteria that live in extreme environments.


Differences:
- Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan in archaebacteria.
- Archaebacteria can live in extreme conditions (e.g., hot springs, salt lakes).
- Eubacteria are found in normal environments.

3. 3. What are cyanobacteria?

- Also called blue-green algae.


- Photosynthetic prokaryotes.
- Have chlorophyll-a like plants.
- Often form colonies and may fix nitrogen (e.g., Nostoc, Anabaena).

4. 4. Define Protista. What are its key features?

- Kingdom of unicellular eukaryotes.


- Have membrane-bound organelles.
- Autotrophs (like algae) or heterotrophs (like protozoa).
- Reproduce sexually and asexually.
- Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium, Euglena.

5. 5. What are slime moulds?

- Protists with fungal-like characteristics.


- Live in moist soil and decaying matter.
- Feed on microorganisms by phagocytosis.
- Plasmodial stage is multinucleate and creeps over surfaces.

6. 6. What is the difference between fungi and plants?


- Fungi lack chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis.
- Cell wall of fungi is made of chitin, not cellulose.
- Fungi are heterotrophic (saprophytic, parasitic, or symbiotic).

7. 7. Name the four main groups of fungi with examples.

1. Phycomycetes – Rhizopus, Albugo


2. Ascomycetes – Saccharomyces, Penicillium
3. Basidiomycetes – Agaricus, Puccinia
4. Deuteromycetes – Alternaria, Trichoderma

8. 8. What are lichens?

- Symbiotic association between algae and fungi.


- Algae perform photosynthesis; fungi provide protection and moisture.
- Indicators of pollution.

9. 9. What are viruses? Why are they considered link between living and non-living?

- Viruses are acellular particles with DNA or RNA and a protein coat.
- Non-living outside host, do not show metabolism.
- Living inside host – replicate, mutate, and evolve.
- Hence, considered a link between living and non-living.

10. 10. What are viroids and prions?

- Viroids: Infectious RNA particles without protein coat (e.g., Potato spindle tuber disease).
- Prions: Infectious proteins causing neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Mad Cow Disease).

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