311/2 HISTORY PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME

1. State two limitations of using electronic as a 8. Identify two cultural consequences of Meroe’s
source of information on History and growth as an early urban centre
Government i) Meroitic language was developed
i) They may contain biased information ii) Hieroglyphics were used by the meroe’s
ii) It exaggerates some information in some acted iii) New architectural designs introduced
films which may not be accurate to the learner iv) Development of art in the temple
iii) Sometimes electronic sources are in accurate as 2x1=2mks
they are censured as they may leave out vital 9. Name one symbol of unity in Shona kingdom in
information the 19th century
2x1=2mks i) The Royal fire
2. Identify two ancestors of man associated with ii) The king-Mwene Mutapa
the making of old owan tools 1x1=1mk
i) Australopithecus 10. Name two strategic factors that led to the
ii) Homo Habilis scramble for colonies in Africa in the 19 th
2mks century
3. Mention one socio-economic impact of early i) The Egyptian question /control of the suez
agriculture in the Nile valley canal
i) Rise of trade ii) The Congo crisis/French activities in the Congo
ii) Development of job specialization and division iii) King Leopold of Belgium ambitious activities
of labour iv) East African Coast had deep harbours.
iii) Permanent human settlement 2x1=2mks
iv) Rise of religion 11. Identify the main reason why European nations
v) Rise of social classes used company rule
vi) Growth of urban centres Cost effectiveness
vii) Emergence of formal education i.e. Egyptian 1x1=1mk
form of writing – hieroglyphics 12. Mention one role of Nelson Mandela during the
1x1=1mark struggle for independence in South Africa
4. State two ways in which Agrarian revolution in before 1961.
Britain affected the peasants i) Headed the ANC youth League in 1943
i) Their parcels of land were taken away from ii) In 1952, elected the deputy president general of
them ANC
ii) They were made to offer labour in the firms iii) Formulated and issued the freedom charter in
2x1=2mks 1955, demanded equal rights for all races in the
5. Name the main role of the Berbers during the country.
Trans-Saharan trade 1x1=1mk
They financed the trade caravans 13. State one reason why Adolf Hitler of Germany
1x1=1mks was interested in Russia at the beginning of the
6. Identify two forms of messages that could be Second World War.
relayed by use of drum beats in ancient times. i) He wanted Russia’s rich natural resources such
i) Announcements of ceremonies or festivals as oil, coal iron ore
ii) Announcement of death or mourning ii) Russia provide a space for Germany Expansion
iii) Declaration of war iii) To conquer Russia for prestige
iv) Arrival of stranger iv) Hitler had underrated Russians Red army and
v) Impending people
2x1=2marks v) Hitler wanted Russian’s rich grains
7. In what way does brain drain undermine 1x1=1mk
scientific revolution in Africa 14. Mention two places in Africa where the cold
It has deprived African countries of trained war was witnessed
personnel. 1x1=1mk i) Angola

The Examiner 1 SET 9

 ii) Ethiopia 6x2=12mks
iii) DRC 19.
2x1=2mks a) State three factors that undermined the trans-
15. Identify one autonomous institution of the Saharan trade. (3mks)
revived East African community i) The mine fields got exhausted e.g. gold
i) East African development bank ii) political instability in the region brought by
ii) Lake Victoria fisheries organization anarchy, insecurity
iii) Inter-university council of East Africa iii) Tuaregs started attacking and robbing traders
16. Mention two ways in which Mobutu Seseko iv) Morocco invaded western Sudan causing
displayed dictatorship in Zaire insecurity
i) Made Congo one party state v) Invasion of North Africa by the Turks created
ii) Controlled the economy of the government insecurity along the trade routes
iii) He stripped the parliament of its powers vi) Development of Trans-Atlantic trade
iv) Changed the constitution to suit him e.g. vii) Decline of Mali and Songhai kingdom left a
abolishing the federal system leadership vacuum in trade
2x1=2mks viii) Colonization of West Africa by Europeans who
17. Give one condition that one must fulfill to took over resources in west Africa
become a senator in the united states of 3x1=3mks
America (USA) b) Explain six economic results of the Trans-
i) Must be at least 30 years old Saharan trade
ii) Must have been an American citizen for at least i) The people of West Africa were able to get
one year essential commodities like clothes
1x1=1mk ii) Towns developed along the trade routes
iii) It led to expansion of local trade
SECTION B (45 MARKS) iv) it brought a lot of wealth to those who
18. participated
a) Outline three physical characteristics of the v) led to development of empires e.g. Mali from the
Egyptian ape wealth acquired
i) stereoscopic vision/deep set eye sockets vi) development of transport e.g. trade routes and use
ii) hand/front legs enabled him to jump skillfully of camel
from one tree to another vii) There was over-exploitation of natural resources
iii) quadruped/walked on fours in West Africa e.g. gold
iv) Had 32 teeth. 6x2=12mks
v) Was small/weighed about 4kgs 20.
3x1=3mks a) State five factors that contributed to the rise
b) Describe the culture of the early man during and expansion of the Asante Kingdom by the
the Old Stone Age 19th century
i) He made oldowan tools in the 1st half of the i) Unity- Several city states emerged around Kumasi
period and Supported each other
ii) Acheulian/pebble tools were made in the 2nd half ii) Trade-Trans-Atlantic slave trade brought a lot of
iii) Communicated using gestures and whistling wealth; many trade routes converged at Kumasi.
iv) Used stone tools for many purposes like skinning iii) Good leadership-Had good and courageous
animals leaders e.g. Obiri Ye boa, Opoku Ware, Osei Tutu
v) Lived in small groups to assist each other e.t.c
vi) He obtained food through hunting and gathering iv) The golden stool brought unity to the kingdom
vii) He used simple hunting methods like traps v) Strong economic base; Fertile land and ideal
climate ensured adequate food and wealth from
viii) He had no clothes, but the hairy bodies kept them
Kola nuts and wild game from the forested region
warm vi) Odwira festival made the state more cohesive
ix) Climbed on trees and hide in caves for protection vii) Strong standing army which was large and used
from predators modern arms acquired from trade
x) Lived near lakes and rivers viii) Mineral wealth especially from gold
The Examiner 2 SET 9
ix) Centralized political system under Asante here a) Identify three types of Nationali
provided security Africa (3mks)
x) The Asante were brave and proud people who i) British nationalism
desired to free themselves from the oppressive ii) Afrikaner nationalism
Denklyrian role iii) African nationalism
5x1=5mks 3x1=3mks
b) Describe the political organization of the b) Explain six factors that favo
Asante Empire in the pre-colonial period. FRELIMO in their war against the colonial
i) The Asante had a centralized political system government in Mozambique (12mks)
ii) Ruled by a king-Asante-hene whose office was i) RELIMO received a lot of support from women
hereditary as Militias or Combatants and in mobilizing the
iii) The king ruled with the help of confederacy or Africans to support the struggle
union council consisting of state king’s Oman- ii) The region was ideal for guerilla warfare applied
here by the FRELIMO fighters.
iv) The state kings swore an oath of allegiance iii) FRELIMO got support from OAU and the
v) The empire consisted of three administrative independent African states inform of training,
divisions finances and weapons. This was because the OAU
a) Metropolitan Asante/Kumasi-which lay within had its liberation committee HQ at Dar-es-salaam.
a radius of 30-40 miles of Kumasi and was the iv) FRELIMO was joined by many African trained
nuclear of the empire directly under Asante soldiers and many civilians from the liberated
here/Kumasi here. areas by 1967
b) Amatoo states outside Kumasi about 80 km v) FRELIMO were familiar with topography while
radius of Kumasi and originally part of the the Portuguese did not.
original union, governed by Omanheres vi) FRELIMO grew their own food to relieve the
c) Provincial states-Conquered states loosely local population of the burden of supplying the
bound to Kumasi and ruled by consuls forces with food
appointed by Asante here vii) FRELIMO forces were friendly to the local
vi) Asante people were bound together by the golden people hence got some support from them e.g.
stool symbol of authority of Asante here information on the Portuguese moves.
vii) State kings/oman hene had black stools as viii) FRELIMO got support from the communist’s
symbols of authority in the area of jurisdiction countries including china, former USSR e.t.c in
viii) There was an annual Odwira festival where state terms of training, of guerilla, food, medicine,
kings assembled at Kumasi to pay allegiance to weapons e.t.c.
the king, honour the dead and settle any dispute. ix) FRELIMO collaborated with freedom fighters
ix) Asante had a strong standing army. from S. Rhodesia and fought together against the
x) There was the high court of the union based at Portuguese in Mozambique
Kumasi where state citizens could appeal x) FRELIMO abolished all forms of exploitation
xi) There was a bureau-cracy where people were taxes, forced labour etc and established schools,
appointed on merit. Asante here could appoint, hospitals, cooperatives which made it popular
transfer and dismiss officers at will. especially in the liberated areas.
xii) By 19th century there were three departments to xi) FRELIMO attacked Portuguese troops randomly
improve administrative efficiently. at different points which made the Portuguese to
 Anokobia stool-Min of home affairs be fragmented as they were spread.
 Gyasewa stool-Min of Economic affairs xii) FRELIMO united various ethnic communities
 Record keeping where Muslim scholars through traditional songs and dances, thus
were employed. eliminating ethnicity among fighters as well as
xiii) The overall leaders of the army was Asante here Portuguese languages.
and he had a deputy who would lead the army 6x2=12mks
when the king was un-available
Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10mks)
21.

The Examiner 3 SET 9

 SECTION C (30 marks) i) In 1981 ECOWAS adopted the defence act which
22. implied that member states support each other
a) Give three reasons why the united states
incaseofof external aggression e.g. ECOMOG as a
America joined the first World War (3mks) peace enforcement force.
i) The zimmerann letter by the Germans which ii) Head of states meet regularly to tackle problems
incited the Mexicans to battle USA. facing the region e.g. in 1999, they signed a
ii) German’s declaration of unrestricted submarine protocol establishing a mechanism for conflict
warfare and thus sinking of the USA ships resolution.
iii) Public pressure on USA to support the allies iii) Economically, ECOWAS has provided a wider
iv) She was protecting her business empire that is market for goods.
Britain and France iv) Tariff barriers have been removed for member
3x1=3mks states e.g. Nigeria provided member states with
b) Highlight six political results of the First subsidized oil.
World War. (12mks) v) Has stimulated the expansion of transport,
i) Creation of new nations in Europe such as economy and infrastructure e.g. linking up roads,
Hungary. railway and telephone connections with member
ii) Promoted nationalism and revolutionary ideas states/neighbours
among the colonized nations/people the Indians vi) Socio-cultural exchange takes place under the
and Africans. umbrella of ECOWAS, promoting good relations
iii) Led to emergence and rise of dictators in Europe among member states.
e.g. Benito Mesolini. vii) ECOWAS enables citizens of member states to
iv) It led to emergence of communism in Russia move freely within their countries i.e. the waiver
which enhanced the collapse of Tsarist regime. on visa requirements.
v) Creation of the League of Nations to maintain viii) Member states have made progress in the field of
world peace and security. education i.e. A joint examination syllabus for
vi) Germany was cut in size with France regaining west African states has been established to ensure
Alsace and Lorraine while African Germany standardization of the education system in the
region
colonies were put under the mandate of the
5x2=10mks
League of Nations. 24.
vii) Turkey was weakened and her boundaries a) Identify three categories of persons who are
reduced not eligible to contest for constituency seats in
viii) USA acquired a say in post war European affairs Britain
and began its rise as a world power. i) Clergy men of the churches of England
6x2=12mks ii) Holders of certain offices e.g. judges, civil
23. servants, armed forces, police officers
a) State five objectives of the Economic iii) Aliens
community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) iv) Members of the House of Lords.
i) To liberalize trade between members countries 3x1=3mks
ii) To foster cooperation in specialized fields e.g. b) Explain the functions of the prime minister in
Transport, communication trade etc Britain
iii) Improve relations among member states. i) Appointing and dismissing ministers but with the
iv) To create a customs union in the region. consent of Monarchy
v) To improve the Living standards of people in the ii) Recommending to the monarchy the names of
member states candidates for appointment of senior judicial
vi) To improve the living standards of people in the officers
member states. iii) Presiding over the meetings of the cabinet
vii) To promote industrial development among iv) Settling disputes between various departments
member states v) Controlling the cabinet secretariat and overseeing
5x1=5mks the execution of cabinet decisions by various
b) Describe five achievements ECOWAS has departments.
made since its formation in 1975 vi) Leader of the house of commons

The Examiner 4 SET 9

vii) Leader of the party that nominated him/her
viii) Changing laws since he/she has the backing of the
majority in parliament
6x2=12mks

The Examiner 5 SET 9