Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 20, Issue No. 4, October-2023, ISSN 2230-7540
Impact of Various Concentration of Sulphur
Dioxide Pollution on Photosynthetic Pigment of
Lens Culinaris l. (LENTIL)
Alka Singh1*, Prof. Mukesh Kumar Bhardwaj2, Jogander Singh3
1
Research Scholar, D.S. College, Aligarh, 202001, U.P., India.
2
Professor, Department of Botany, D.S. College, Aligarh, 202001, U.P., India.
3
Research Scholar, D.S. College, Aligarh, 202001, U.P., India.
Abstract - The impact of SO2 pollution on agricultural as well as physiological and ecological dynamics
at both the individual and community scale. Lentil is a prominent source of protein in India. Plant species
that produces pods such as lentil and dry pea are adversely affected by the presence of Sulphur di-oxide
resulting in a reduction in their overall output. In present study chlorophyll content extracted from lentil
plant leaves treated with different concentration of SO 2 and prepared sample were exposed to a range of
light having different wavelength and analyzed using a Spectrophotometer and calculation of chlorophyll
a and b using by Arnon method (1949). It is concluded that Chlorophyll content was higher in low
concentration and reduced gradually with higher concentration.
Keywords - Sulphur dioxide, lentil and chlorophyll.
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INRTODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The air pollutants include CO, NOx and SO2. Out of Verma & Agrawal (2000) reported the interactive
these gases sulphur dioxide is a major air pollutant. It effects of SO2 and mineral nutrient supply on
is an acidic gas. It is colorless and soluble in water. photosynthetic characteristics and yield in wheat and
o
The melting point of sulphur dioxide is -72 C while the reported the decrease in photosynthetic rate,
o
boiling point is - 10 C. Sulphur dioxide has a contents of photosynthetic pigment. Govind et al.
suffocating and unpleasant smell. SO2 is an important (2002) studied the effect of SO2 exposure on
phytotoxic and it is formed by the combustion of fossil chlorophyll contents in Raphanus sativus and
fuels and oxidation of sulphur containing raw materials reported the significant reductions in chlorophyll-a
(Iqbal, M. et al., 2015). After being released in to air and b contents and chlorophyll a/b ratio. Singh L.P.
the sulphur dioxide gas absorbed on surface of leaf, (2002) recorded the effect of SO2 on growth yield
water and soil. The SO2 is easily soluble in water and and photosynthetic pigments of rice. Kumar &
due to this features it forms sulphuric acid. This Jayabalan (2003) reported the significant effects of
sulphuric acid comes on earth in the form of acid rain. SO2 on seedling growth in maize. They noticed
This acid rain is a major cause of harmful for natural significant reductions in chlorophyll a and b and total
as well as crop vegetation‘s. The sulphur dioxide chlorophyll contents, and minor variations in
present on leaf surface enters in to leaves through carotenoids were observed. Singh & Javid (2003)
stomata. When it reaches to leaf tissue it gets observed a significant decrease in chlorophyll and
- - --
converted in to HSO3 , SO3 , SO4 . These products ascorbic acid contents in Vigna mungo on exposure
affect the plant‘s metabolism leading to plant damage to 0.1 and 0.2 ppm SO2. Muriefah & Al-Jwaizea
(Priyadarshani 2016). The sulphur dioxide has (2004) studied the effect of SO2 exposure on
deleterious effects on growth, productivity, morphology wheat and barley seedlings. SO2 was applied at 3.0,
and photosynthetic pigments of plants. After entering 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 ppm for two hrs. They reported
in to leaves the sulphur dioxide accumulates in to decreased chlorophyll, carotene, carbohydrates and
mesophyll cells. This accumulation of SO 2 in proteins. Joshi & Chauhan (2009) studied the
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mesophyll cells causes acute, chronic or hidden injury. exposure of sulphur dioxide on wheat and mustard
Due to acute injury the metabolism changes occur due plant. They studied the biochemical parameter and
to which interveinal or marginal necrosis occur. The yield in both crops. They noticed a significant
chronic injury in plants is caused due to sub- lethal reduction in chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-b, Total
concentrations of SO2. chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, carotenoids and reduction
Alka Singh1*, Prof. Mukesh Kumar Bhardwaj2, Jogander Singh3 173
Impact of Various Concentration of Sulphur Dioxide Pollution on Photosynthetic Pigment of Lens
Culinaris l. (LENTIL)
in the yield of wheat and mustard. Seyyednejad and RESULTS
Koochak (2011) studied the effect of air pollution on
biological factors in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. They Data concerned to different concentration of sulphur
noticed that two biochemical parameters ie dioxide revealed that the chlorophyll content of leaves
carbohydrate and protein contents are more soluble in declined significantly with increasing concentration of
plants at polluted site. Chauhan (2010) observed SO2. Reductions in chlorophyll a content determine up
photosynthetic pigment changes in selected tree to 24.29% regarded age of 60 days of fumigation.
when they were exposed to SO2. He reported that a Lowest value being recorded at 0.1ppm. SO 2
significant decrease in chlorophyll a and b in leaves of fumigation for 4 hours a day. The reduction of
Ficus relegiosa, Mangifera indica. Irshad & Ahmad chlorophyll content increase with the age of plants.
Fayz (2011) observed the effect of sulphur dioxide on Prominent damage to the chloroplast machinery due to
the biochemical attributes of spinach and noticed a the SO2 treatment is the main cause of deplete in
significant reduction in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll content in the lentil plant leaves. The
phenols and amino acids while the carbohydrate chlorophyll content decrease with increasing SO 2
content was increased at all the test concentration. concentration and the effect is more emphasize when
Meerabai & Ramana (2012) reported the effect of air the imitation period is increased. The decrease in
pollution on Cajanus cajan and reported the decreased chlorophyll content has been ascribed to the disruption
chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, relative water of the chloroplast membrane due to phytotoxic nature
content decreased. Padhi & Dass (2013) investigated of sulphur dioxide (Winner et al. 1985). Carotenoid is
the effect of exposure of different concentrations of important pigment for photosynthesis in plants. They
sulphur dioxide on growth parameters of Lycopersicon defend the chlorophyll. The depreciation in carotenoid
esculentum. They treated the plants with varying content was reported up to 8.57% at the age of 60
levels of concentrations of sulphur dioxide (0.25 0.5 days when they exposed to 0.7 ppm of Sulphur
and 1.0 ppm) the exposure was for 1 hour, 2 hours and dioxide.
3 hours. In significant change regarding chlorophyll
content was recorded. Agabire and Akporhonor (2014) DISCUSSION
studied the effect of SO2 on some physiological and
biochemical characters of some plants. They noticed a Sulphur dioxide is a significant phytotoxicant and
sharp decrease in total chlorophyll contents relative dangerous for the plant. Sulphur dioxide affects the
water content, ascorbic acid and proline contents due plants in different manner for example variation in
to air pollution. Sharma & Sharma (2014) investigated morphological and biochemical nature. Keeping this
the effect of SO2 concentration on growth and some perspective the current work was undertaken to
biochemical parameter of Vicia faba L. they observed assess the impact of sulphur dioxide on
a negative correlation between the sulphur dioxide and photosynthetic pigments in Lens culinaris under
biomass, shoot growth, chlorophyll content of the various concentration of sulphur dioxide. When
plant. sulphur dioxide treatments in lentil were found to be
harmful even at lower concentration and duration of
MATERIAL AND METHODS exposure which increased continuously with raising
concentration and duration.
The investigation was carried out during 2020-2021 in
the D.S College Aligarh. The Lens culinaris seeds Table -1 Effect of various concentration of
were obtained from certified company. These seeds sulphur dioxide on chlorophyll content in Lens
were seeding in polythene bags of appropriate size. culinaris.
After 20 day of germination plants were fumigated with
different concentration of sulphur dioxide i.e. 0.1, 0.3,
0.5, 0.7 ppm. The fumigation of plants was carried out
in fumigation chamber made by with the help of
aluminum frame and Perspex sheet. The convenient
concentration of sulphur di oxide was made of Singh
and Rao method (1979). Sulphur di oxide was
produced by using Rao and LeBlanc Method (1966).
Chlorophyll content was estimated three times during
experimental period and absorption measured by the
using spectrophotometer at 480nm, 645nm, 663nm.
Assessment and Calculation of chlorophyll a and
chlorophyll b was calculated using Arnon method
(1949). To assessment the impact of various
concentration of sulphur dioxide five set were made
and one set kept as control set and other four set
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treated with followed concentration. The plants were
exposed 4 hours a day to respective concentration of
Sulphur dioxide and continued up to 60 days of age.
Alka Singh1*, Prof. Mukesh Kumar Bhardwaj2, Jogander Singh3 174
Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education
Vol. 20, Issue No. 4, October-2023, ISSN 2230-7540
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Cajanus cajan (L.) Fabaceae, International
Journal Of Environmental Sciences, 2, (4) Research Scholar, D.S. College, Aligarh, 202001,
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Alka Singh1*, Prof. Mukesh Kumar Bhardwaj2, Jogander Singh3
175
