WEEK 1&2 - NCM 103: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
neighborhoods we live and work in can all
contribute to health problems.
TOPIC OUTLINE
i. Concept of Man, Health and Illness
4. Social factors: Social settings, access to clean
□ Concept of Man
water and sanitation, and risks in the workplace
□ Four Major Attributes of a Human Being
can all affect health.
□ Concept of Health
5. Medical care: The quality of healthcare can affect
□ Factors and Issues Affecting Health and Illness
health
□ Health Care Delivery System
6. Lifestyle: Lifestyle habits, such as how much sleep
□ The Philippine Health Care Delivery System
you get, can affect health.
□ Healthcare levels
7. Family history: Family health history can be a
ii. Concept of Nursing
personal health risk factor.
□ As a Profession
8. Age and sex: Age and sex can be personal health
□ As a Science
risk factors
□ As an Art
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
□ Caring Practice Models
This refers to the totality of all policies, equipment,
□ Caring ad the Core of Nursing
products, human resources and services which address
□ Roles Basic to Nursing Care
the health needs of the people.
1. WHO is the global health organization formed in
CONCEPT OF MAN, HEALTH AND ILLNESS
April 1948
• Bio-psycho-socio-spiritual human being who is in
• Its objective is the attainment by all
constant contact with the environment
people of the highest possible level of
• As a biologic being, man is like other men.
health.
• As a psychologic being, man is like no other man
2. Millenium Development Goals (MDG) created to
• As a social being, man is like some other man.
uphold principles of human dignity, equality and
• As a spiritual being, man is like all other men.
equity at the global level.
CONCEPT OF MAN
• Replaced by SDG in 2015.
• Man is composed of subsystems and suprasystems
8 MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS BY 2015
• Man is a unified whole composed of parts which are
1. Develop a global partnership for development
interdependent and interrelated with each other.
2. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
FOUR MAJOR ATTRIBUTES OF A HUMAN BEING
3. Achieve universal primary education
1. The capacity to think or conceptualize on the
4. Promote gender equality and empower women
abstract level.
5. Reduce child mortality
2. Family formation
6. Improve maternal health
3. The tendency to seek and maintain territory
7. Combat HIV/Aids, malaria and other diseases
4. The ability to use verbal symbols as language, a
8. Ensure environmental sustainability
means of developing and maintaining culture
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
The United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals
• Health was defined as the presence of disease or
(SDGs) aim to achieve decent lives for all on a healthy
illness
planet by 2030. But most of them are likely to be missed.
• Health as a state of being well and using every power
This is partly because they fail to address human
the individual possesses to the fullest extent.
population growth. Positive, empowering population
(Nightingale 1860/1969)
solutions are key to meeting the SDGs. Read on to learn
• Health has also been defined in terms of role and
about the links between population and each of the 17
performance. (Talcott Parsons, 1951)
goals.
• Health is not a condition. It is an adjustment. It is not
a state, but a process. The process adapts the
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG 17)
individual not only to our physical but also to our
1. No Poverty
social environment. (US President’s Commission on
2. Zero Hunger
Health Needs of the Nation 1953)
3. Good Health and Well-Being
• Health as a state of complete physical, mental and
4. Quality Education
social well -being and not merely the absence of
5. Gender Equality
disease or infirmity. (WHO, 1948)
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
• Health and Illness and human experiences. The
7. Affordable and Clean energy
presence of illness does not preclude health nor does
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
optimal health preclude illness. (ANA)
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
FACTORS AND ISSUES AFFECTING HEALTH AND
10. Reduced Inequalities
ILLNESS
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
1. Genetics: Inheritance plays a role in determining
12. Responsible Consumption and Production
lifespan, healthiness, and the likelihood of
13. Climate Action
developing certain illnesses.
14. Life below Water
2. Behavior: Personal choices, such as diet, physical
15. Life on Land
activity, smoking, and drinking, can affect health.
16. Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
3. Environmental factors: The air we breathe, the
17. Partnerships for the Goals
water we drink, the food we eat, homes, buildings,
BSN – 1G DAUZ, MAYNA JOY S.
WEEK 1&2 - NCM 103: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY • Empathy: The ability to relate to a patient's
SYSTEM experience and provide patient-centered care
The PHCDS is categorized into 2: • Compassion: A quality that goes hand in hand
1. Private 2. Public with empathy
HEALTHCARE LEVELS • Integrity: A strong moral compass and a focus
The healthcare system has three levels: primary, on providing care with integrity
secondary, and tertiary. • Communication: The ability to communicate
• Primary level facilities include private clinics clearly and efficiently with patients, their
and rural health units families, and other healthcare professionals
• Secondary level facilities are smaller • Critical thinking: The ability to assess
hospitals. situations and make decisions that improve
• Tertiary level facilities are located in medical patient outcomes
centers and offer highly specialized services. • Attention to detail: The ability to pay close
attention to detail, even when working quickly
CONCEPT OF NURSING • Flexibility: The ability to adapt to new
NURSING AS A PROFESSION procedures and systems
Nursing is a healthcare profession that involves caring for • Willingness to learn: The ability to keep up
people of all ages and stages of life. Nurses work to with the latest research and evidence-based
promote health, prevent illness, and help patients who are practices
already sick. They also advocate for patients' needs and • Accountability: The ability to be legally and
educate patients, families, and communities about health. professionally accountable for the decisions
NURSING IS CONSIDERED A PROFESSION made and their consequences
BECAUSE IT MEETS SEVERAL CRITERIA Fields of Nursing
INCLUDING: 1. Institutional Nursing
• Specialized Knowledge 2. Community Health Nursing/Public Health
- Nursing has a well-defined body of knowledge Nursing
and skills that are used to provide patient care. 3. Private Duty Nursing/
• Education and Training 4. Industrial or occupational health Nursing
- Nursing requires extensive education and History of Nursing
training, including specialized education 4 PERIODS OF NURSING HISTORY
programs. 1. Intuitive
• Code of Ethics 2. Apprentice
- Nursing has a code of ethics that guides practice 3. Educative
and sets standards. 4. Contemporary
• Professional organizations History of Professional Nursing
- Nursing has professional organizations that set • Curriculum era
standards and provide a commitment to • Research era
members. • Graduate education era
• Patient-centered care • The theory era.
- Nursing is focused on providing patient-
centered care that is holistic and personalized NURSING AS A SCIENCE
• Evidence-based practice • Nursing is considered a science because it's based on
- Nursing uses evidence-based practice and scientific principles and research, and it uses
scientific inquiry to expand its knowledge base. scientific methods to improve patient care. Nursing is
• Autonomy also considered an art because it involves caring for
- Nurses have autonomy in practice, which means patients, which requires empathy, compassion, and
they have the right to make decisions about a relational understanding.
patient care. • Nurses use research and critical thinking in their
• Accountability work, which makes it a science.
- Nurses are accountable for their actions and the • Nursing is a science because the fundamentals of
consequences of those actions. nursing practice consist of using scientific information
• Social need of human beings in mutual process with their
- Nursing satisfies a social need by providing vital environment in order to provide for the well-being of
services that promote human health and patients.
welfare. • Best described as the skilled application of
knowledge. Nurses use their knowledge and skills to
Values inherent to the Nursing Profession provide holistic care to individuals of all ages and
• Care cultural backgrounds.
• Compassion
• Competence NURSING AS AN ART
• Communication Nursing is considered an art because it requires a
• Courage combination of science and human connection to provide
• Commitment quality care for patients
It encompasses the ff:
Personal qualities of a Nurse Caring Communicating Teaching
BSN – 1G DAUZ, MAYNA JOY S.
WEEK 1&2 - NCM 103: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
CARING PRACTICE MODELS
• Registered nurse Jean Watson developed the • Medication administrator
Theory of Human Caring in the 1970s during her - Registered nurses administer medications and
time studying clinical and social psychology at treatments to patients under a doctor's order.
the doctoral level. According to Watson's • Wound care provider
theory, the primary concern of nursing is - Nurses clean, dress, and bandage wounds.
“promoting health, preventing illness, caring for • Catheter inserter
the sick, and restoring health. - Nurses insert catheters.
• In Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory of Nursing
as Caring, the model for being in relationships
resembles a dance of caring persons (Boykin,
1990). The dance of caring persons is the image
of dancers in a circle, moving freely as
individuals while engaging in a rhythm that
connects all.
CARING AS THE CORE OF NURSING
• Compassion
• Competence
• Confidence
• Conscience
• Commitment (Commitment to a culture of
excellence, discipline and integrity and
professionalism)
NURSING AS AN ART
• Holistic care
- Nurses care for the whole person, including
their physical, emotional, spiritual, and cultural
needs
• Balancing act
- Nurses need to be able to balance the needs of
multiple patients, while still providing the best
care for each one
The art of nursing is the intentional creative use of oneself,
based upon skill and expertise, to transmit emotion and
meaning to another. It is a process that is subjective and
requires interpretation, sensitivity, imagination, and active
participation.
ROLES BASIC TO NURSING CARE
• Caregiver
- Nurses provide hands-on care to patients to
meet their physical needs. This can include
helping with nutrition, mobility, and
elimination.
• Patient educator
- Nurses teach patients how to care for
themselves and their conditions. For example, a
nurse might educate a patient on wound care or
how to manage diabetes.
• Record keeper
- Nurses maintain accurate patient health
records, which include a patient's medical
history, medications, allergies, and family
medical information.
• Care plan creator
- Nurses create a plan for caring for a patient
after receiving a diagnosis.
• Vital signs checker
- Nurses monitor a patient's vital signs, such as
their temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
and respiration.
• Communicator
- Nurses communicate with patients, their
families, doctors, and other hospital staff.
BSN – 1G DAUZ, MAYNA JOY S.
