Biological

Macromolecules and
Lipids

1. Molecules with which functional groups may form

polymers via dehydration reactions?
A. hydroxyl groups
B. carbonyl groups
C. carboxyl groups
D. either carbonyl or carboxyl groups
E. either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups
2. Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration
reactions?
A. fatty acids
B. disaccharides
C. DNA
D. protein
E. amylose
3. In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by
digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to
provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers
are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net
result is that
A. water is generated by animal metabolism.
B. water is consumed by animal metabolism.
C. the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water
generated, to maintain homeostasis.
D. water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is
generated during periods of growth.
E. water is generated during homeostasis, but water is
consumed during periods of growth.
4. Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of
both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?
A. lipids
B. carbohydrates
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids
E. lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all
consist of only macromolecular polymers
5. Which of the following is not a polymer?
A. glucose
B. starch
C.. cellulose
D. chitin
E. DNA
6. What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells
make polymers from monomers?
A. phosphodiester linkages
B. hydrolysis
C. dehydration reactions
D. ionic bonding of monomers
E. the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers
7. How many molecules of water are needed to completely
hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 Monomers long?
A. 12
B. 11
C. 10
D. 9
E. 8
8. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship
between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
A. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and
hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
B. Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid
membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water
permeable.
C. Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
D. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions
break down polymers.
E. Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add
hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release
hydroxyl groups from polymers.
9. Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?
A. starch
B. glycogen
C. cellulose
D. chitin
E. amylopectin
10. The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6 What
would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by
linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration
reactions?
A. C18H36O18
B. C18H32O16
C. C6H10O5
D. C18H10O15
E. C3H6O3
11. The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages
between glucose monomers only if the monomers are
the α form. Which of the following could amylase break
down?
A. glycogen
B. cellulose
C. chitin
D. glycogen and chitin only
E. glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
12. On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber
refer?
A. cellulose
B. polypeptides
C. starch
D. amylopectin
E. chitin
13. A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is
probably a
A. carbohydrate.
B. lipid.
C. monosaccharide
D. carbohydrate and lipid only.
E. carbohydrate and monosaccharide only.
14. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose
molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose
molecule. How is lactose classified?
A. as a pentose
B. as a hexose
C. as a monosaccharide
D. as a disaccharide
E. as a polysaccharide
15. All of the following are polysaccharides except
A. lactose.
B. glycogen.
C. chitin.
D. cellulose.
E. amylopectin.
16. Which of the following is true of both starch and
cellulose?
A. They are both polymers of glucose.
B. They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
C. They can both be digested by humans.
D. They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E. They are both structural components of the plant cell
wall.
17. Which of the following is true of cellulose?
A. It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
B. It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
C. It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.
D. It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
E. It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a
storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is
digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major
structural component of plant cell walls.
18. Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
A. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of
cellulose is galactose.
B. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
C. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
D. humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive
tract.
E. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of
cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.
19. Which of the following statements concerning saturated
fats is not true?
A. They are more common in animals than in plants.
B. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon
chains of their fatty acids.
C. They generally solidify at room temperature.
D. They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats
having the same number of carbon atoms.
E. They are one of several factors that contribute to
atherosclerosis.
20. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a
A. carbohydrate.
B. fatty acid.
C. protein.
D. nucleic acid.
E. hydrocarbon.
21. Which of the following statements is true for the class
of biological molecules known as lipids?
A. They are insoluble in water.
B. They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate.
C. They contain less energy than proteins and
carbohydrates.
D. They are made by dehydration reactions.
E. They contain nitrogen.
22. The label on a container of margarine lists
"hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient.
What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?
A. The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting
point.
B. The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room
temperature.
C. The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the
fatty acid chains.
D. The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty
acids.
E. The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog
arteries.
23. Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty
acids?
A. They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
B. They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the
fatty acids.
C. They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
D. They are usually liquid at room temperature.
E. They are usually produced by plants.
24. Large organic molecules are usually assembled by
polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which
of the following is an exception to this statement?
A. a steroid
B. cellulose
C. DNA
D. an enzyme
E. a contractile protein
25. Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep
triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?
A. creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
B. adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
C. creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
D. adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the
fatty acids
E. adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the
fatty acids
26. Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
A. They are essential components of cell membranes.
B. They are not soluble in water.
C. They are made of fatty acids.
D. They are hydrophilic compounds.
E. They contribute to atherosclerosis.
27. All of the following contain amino acids except
A. hemoglobin.
B. cholesterol.
C. antibodies.
D. enzymes.
E. insulin.
28. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a
larger molecule requires
A. the release of a water molecule.
B. the release of a carbon dioxide molecule.
C. the addition of a nitrogen atom.
D. the addition of a water molecule.
E. the release of a nitrous oxide molecule.
29. There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one
amino acid different from another?
A. Different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl
carbon
B. Different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino
groups
C. Different side chains (R groups) attached to an α
carbon
D. Different structural and optical isomers
E. Different asymmetric carbons
30. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a
larger molecule requires which of the following?
A. removal of a water molecule
B. addition of a water molecule
C. formation of a glycosidic bond
D. formation of a hydrogen bond
E. both removal of a water molecule and formation of a
hydrogen bond
31. Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are
similar in that they
A. are synthesized from monomers by the process of
hydrolysis.
B. are synthesized from subunits by dehydration
reactions.
C. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation
between monomers.
D. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration
reactions.
E. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.
32. Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the
following compounds?
A. triacylglycerides
B. polysaccharides
C. proteins
D. triacylglycerides and proteins only
E. triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
33. Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was
found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide
bonds are present in this protein?
A. 101
B. 100
C. 99
D. 98
E. 97
34. What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or
assisted by hydrogen bonds?
A. primary structure
B. secondary structure
C. tertiary structure
D. quaternary structure
E. secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but
not primary structure
35. Which bonds are created during the formation of the
primary structure of a protein?
A. peptide bonds
B. hydrogen bonds
C. disulfide bonds
D. phosphodiester bonds
E. peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds
36. What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
A. peptide bonds
B. hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one
peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another
peptide bond
C. disulfide bonds
D. hydrophobic interactions
E. hydrogen bonds between the R groups
37. Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β
pleated sheet structures of proteins?
A. hydrophobic interactions
B. disulfide bonds
C. ionic bonds
D. hydrogen bonds
E. peptide bonds
38. Which level of protein structure do the α helix and the β
pleated sheet represent?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
39. The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged
predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is
stabilized by
A. covalent bonds.
B. peptide bonds.
C. ionic bonds.
D. polar bonds.
E. hydrogen bonds.
40. The tertiary structure of a protein is the
A. bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak
bonds.
B. order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide
chain.
C. unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded
polypeptide.
D. organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β
pleated sheet.
E. overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of
two or more polypeptide subunits.
41. What type of covalent bond between amino acid side
chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a
polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape?
A. ionic bond
B. hydrophobic interaction
C. van der Waals interaction
D. disulfide bond
E. hydrogen bond
42. At which level of protein structure are interactions
between the side chains (R groups) most important?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. all of the above
43. The structural level of a protein least affected by a
disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
A. primary level.
B. secondary level.
C. tertiary level.
D. quaternary level.
E. All structural levels are equally affected.
44. The lipids that form the main structural component of
cell membranes are
A. phospholipids
B. cholesterol
C. proteins
D. triacylglycerols
E. carbohydrates
45. The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages
between glucose. monomers only if the monomers are in
the a form. Which of the following could amylase
breakdown?

A. glycogen and cellulose

B. starch and chitin
C. glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
D. starch, amylopectin, and cellulose
E. cellulose and chitin
46. Which of the following carbohydrate molecules has the
lowest molecular weight?

A. cellulose
B. chitin
C. glucose
D. sucrose
E. lactose
47. Which of the following components of a tossed salad
will pass through the human digestive tract and be
digested the least?
A. starch (in the croutons)
B. cellulose (in the lettuce)
C. oil (in the dressing)
D. protein (in the bacon bits)
E. sugar (in the dressing)
48. A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in
human muscle and liver Cells is
A. glycogen
B. glucose
C. starch
D. chitin
E. cellulose
49. Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to
glycerol. These subunits are linked together by
A. ester linkages
B. glycosidic linkages
C. ionic bonds
D. phosphodiester linkages
E. peptide bonds
50. When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its
functionality?
A. Different amino acids are substituted into the sequence,
so the protein's properties change
B. The protein's pH changes, causing it to lose its
functionality.
C. Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as
hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, that
hold the protein in its three dimensional shape.
Without the proper shape, the protein cannot
function.
D. Denaturation destroys the primary structure of the
protein, and the protein breaks down to monomers
E. Denaturation breaks the covalent bonds that hold the
protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper
shape, the protein cannot function.
51. Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of .
A. purines and pyrimidines
B. DNA molecules
C. sucrose molecules
D. amino acid molecules
E. fatty acid molecules
52. A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical
components?
A. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a
pentose sugar
B. a nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid
C. a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate
group
D. a series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone,
and a hexose sugar
E. a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar
53. Which of the following is a true statement comparing
phospholipids and triacylglycerols (fats and oils)?
A. Both molecules contain a phosphate group.
B. Phospholipids are the primary storage form for fats in our
bodies
C. Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar
"head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas
triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar.
D. Triacylglycerols may be saturated or unsaturated, but all
phospholipids are saturated.
E. In nature, phospholipids occur in fused rings (sterol form),
whereas triacylglycerols maintain a straight chain form.
54. Nutritionally, saturated triacylglycerols are considered to
be less healthful than unsaturated triacylglycerols. What
is the difference between them?
A. Saturated triacylglycerols are liquid at room temperature.
B. Saturated triacylglycerols have more double bonds than
unsaturated triacylglycerols,
C. All of the listed responses are Correct.
D. Saturated triacylglycerols are fats, unsaturated
triacylglycerols are carbohydrates,
E. Saturated triacylglycerols have more hydrogen
atoms than unsaturated triacylglycerols
55. Enzymes that breakdown DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of
the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What
would happen to DNA molecules treated with these
enzymes?

A. The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide

backbone would be broken.
B. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.
C. The pyrimidines would be separated from the
deoxyribose Sugars,
D. The two strands of the double helix would separate.
E. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.
56. Carbohydrates can function in which of the following
ways?
A. structural support
B. information storage
C. structural support and energy storage
D. energy storage
E. enzymatic catalysis
57. High cholesterol levels are considered a major risk
factor for heart disease. If it is so bad for humans, why
does the body make cholesterol in the first place?

A. Cholesterol is an important energy storage molecule.

B. Cholesterol aids in the formation of amino acids that are
used to build proteins
C. Cholesterol is not important for humans any more. It is a
holdover from hunter-gatherer days when food was
scarce.
D. Cholesterol is an important constituent of nucleotides.
E. Cholesterol is the basis for many important
molecules such as sex hormones
58. Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?
A. C25H43O8
B. C22H49010N5
C. C6H12O6
D. C45H8408PN
E. C51H9806
59. Which of the following is a polymer?
A. testosterone, a steroid hormone
B. cellulose, a plant cell wall component
C. triacylglycerol, or sat
D. glucose, an energy-rich molecule
E. fructose, a component of sucrose
60. At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was saut &
eacute;ing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and
serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like
popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the
polysaccharide.
A. cellulose
B. glycogen
C. chitin
D. linoleic acid
E. collagen
61. Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at
room temperature by
A. removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional double
bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
B. adding hydrogen atoms to the single bonds of the fatty
acid hydrocarbon chains
C. None of the listed responses is Correct.
D. removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional single
bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
E. adding hydrogen atoms to the double bonds in the
fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
62. The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and
testosterone belong to which class of molecules?
A. carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. amino acids
E. nucleic acids
63. Which of the following statements concerning
unsaturated fats is true?
A. They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats
having the same number of carbon atoms
B. They are more common in animals than in plants.
C. They generally solidify at room temperature.
D. They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their
fatty acids.
E. They have sewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule,
64. What is the process by which monomers are linked
together to form polymers?
A. hydrolysis
B. monomerization
C. coiling
D. dehydration or condensation reactions
E. protein formation
65. A glucose molecule is to starch as
A. a protein is to an amino acid
B. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide
C. a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
D. a steroid is to a lipid
E. an amino acid is to a nucleic acid
66. Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that
they .
A. are not truly polymers
B. are much larger
C. do not contain carbon
D. do not have specific shapes
E. do not contain nitrogen and phosphorus atoms
67. The fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are because they .
A. hydrophobic ... have no charges to which water
molecules can adhere
B. hydrophobic ... dissolve easily in water
C. hydrophilic... are easily hydrolyzed into their monomers
D. hydrophobic ... consist of units assembled by dehydration
reactions
E. hydrophilic... consist of units assembled by dehydration
reactions
68. The overall three-dimensional shape of a single
polypeptide is called the
A. primary structure
B. double helix
C. secondary structure
D. quaternary structure
E. tertiary structure
69. In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to
be available later as an energy source?
A. protein
B. glycogen
C. cellulose
D. starch
E. fatly acids
70. Which of the following categories includes all others in
the list?
A. disaccharide
B. carbohydrate
C. polysaccharide
D. starch
E. monosaccharide
71. hich of the following is the major energy storage
compound of plant seeds?
A. glycogen
B. lipids
C. cellulose
D. amylose
E. oils
72. In a hydrolysis reaction,---------, and in this process water
is------- .
A. a monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers...
produced
B. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer...
produced
C. a polymer is broken up into its constituent
monomers ... consumed
D. a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers...
produced
E. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer...
consumed
73. The "primary structure" of a protein refers to
A. coiling due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids
B. the sequence of amino acids
C. the alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
D. interactions among the side chains or R groups of the
amino acids
E. the weak aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains
into one functional macromolecule
74. In a 1-4 glycosidic linkage,
A. there are four possible isomers of the structure
B. the number 1 carbon in one monosaccharide is
bound to the number 4 carbon in another
monosaccharide
C. the number 1 carbon in one nucleotide is bound to the
number 4 carbon in another nucleotide
D. one monosaccharide is bound to four others
E. one glycerol molecule is bound to four fatty acids
75. The structural level of a protein least affected by a
disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
A. All structural levels are equally affected.
B. secondary level.
C. primary level.
D. quaternary level.
E. tertiary level
76. The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet represent which
level of protein structure?
A. tertiary structure
B. quaternary structure
C. pentiary structure
D. primary structure
E. secondary structure
77. Which of the following describes a difference between
DNA and RNA?
A. RNA molecules consist of a single polynucleotide chain,
whereas DNA molecules consist of two polynucleotide
chains organized into a double helix.
B. They contain different sugars.
C. The first three listed responses all describe
differences.
D. One of their nitrogenous bases is different.
E. The first and second listed responses are correct
Differences
78. The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as
sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch
and proteins is as(n) bond)
A. hydrogen
B. covalent
C. ionic
D. peptide
E. van der Waals
79. The peptide bond is
A. a hydrogen bond joining nucleotides together to form a
nucleic acid
B. a covalent bond joining nucleotides together to form a
nucleic acid
C. a covalent bond joining simple sugars together to form a
polypeptide
D. a hydrogen bond joining amino acids together to form a
polypeptide
E. a covalent bond joining amino acids together to form
a polypeptide
80. Which of the following pairs of base sequences could
form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?
A. 5'-GCGC-3, with 5-TATA-3'
B. 5-ATGC-3 with 5'-GCAT-3'
C. All of these pairs are correct.
D. 5-AGCT-3 with 5-TCGA-3'
E. 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine
81. What do Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and mad cow disease
have in common?
A. All have been associated with the buildup of
misfolded proteins in cells,
B. They all cause the misfolding of пucleicacids.
C. They all associated with plaque buildup in arteries
(atherosclerosis).
D. All are caused by the buildup of misfolded proteins in cells.
E. All are associated with the buildup of lipids in brain cells
due to faulty lysosome activity
82. If a small droplet of triacylglycerol molecules is
suspended in water, the sat molecules form a "ball of
spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet
of phospholipid molecules is put in water, all the
molecules point outward, toward the water.
Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because
phospholipids have
A. two charged ends
B. three fatty acid molecules, all pointing in different
directions
C. a charged end and a non charged end
D. both a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid
E. two fatty acid molecules pointing in different directions
83. Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein
from cytoplasmic influences while it is folding into its
functional form?
A. enzymes
B. chaperonins
C. receptor proteins
D. fibrous proteins
E. antibodies
84. Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for .
A. energy storage and release
B. membrane construction
C. structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails
D. building genetic material
E. lipid storage
85. On the basis of the principle of complementary base
pairing, you would expect the percentage of to be equal
to the percentage of
A. adenine ... thymine
B. thymine ... guanine
C. adenine ... cytosine
D. adenine ... guanine
E. thymine ... cytosine
86. Misfolding associated with an accumulation of misfolded
polypeptides?
A. Alzheimer's only
B. Parkinson's only
C. diabetes mellitus only
D. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
E. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus
87. Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of
325 amino acids would
A. alter the primary structure of the protein, but not its
tertiary structure or function.
B. cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
C. always alter the biological activity or function of the
protein.
D. always alter the primary structure of the protein and
disrupt its biological activity.
E. always alter the primary structure of the protein,
sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein,
and affect its biological activity.
88. In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to
find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?
A. in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
B. on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with
water
C. in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty
acid chains
D. in the interior of the folded protein, away from water,
or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid
fatty acid chains
E. anywhere in the protein, with equal probability
89. What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists
in the proper folding of other proteins?
A. tertiary protein
B. chaperonin
C. enzyme protein
D. renaturing protein
E. denaturing protein
90. DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of
the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What
would first happen to DNA molecules treated with
DNAase?
A. The two strands of the double helix would separate.
B. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose
sugars would be broken.
C. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.
D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the
deoxyribose sugars.
E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.
91. Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a
polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?
A. The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number
5 carbon of ribose.
B. The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the
number 5 carbon of ribose.
C. The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5
carbon of the nitrogenous base.
D. The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number
5 carbon of ribose.
E. The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous
Bases
92. One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to
A. transmit genetic information to offspring.
B. function in the synthesis of proteins.
C. make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
D. act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
E. form the genes of higher organisms.
93. If 14C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the
growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be
labeled?
A. phospholipids
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. both DNA and RNA
E. proteins
94. Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of
molecules known as nucleotides?
A. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
B. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
C. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a
pentose sugar
D. a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil
E. a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine
95. Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the
pyrimidine type?
A. guanine and adenine
B. cytosine and uracil
C. thymine and guanine
D. ribose and deoxyribose
E. adenine and thymine
96. Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the
purine type?
A. cytosine and guanine
B. guanine and adenine
C. adenine and thymine
D. thymine and uracil
E. uracil and cytosine
97. If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what
would be the percentage of guanine?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 80
E. impossible to tell from the information given
98. A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120
purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could
be composed of
A. 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules.
B. 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.
C. 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules.
D. 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules.
E. 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules.
99. The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar
in RNA is that the sugar in DNA
A. is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a fivecarbon sugar.
B. can form a double-stranded molecule.
C. is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto
sugar.
D. is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β
configuration.
E. contains one less oxygen atom.
100. Which of the following statements best summarizes the
differences between DNA and RNA?
A. DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA
does not.
B. The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas
the bases in RNA do not.
C. DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA
nucleotides.
D. DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains
the base thymine.
101. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of
bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand
would have the sequence
A. 5'TAACGT3'.
B. 5'TGCAAT3'.
C. 5'UAACGU3'.
D. 3'UAACGU5'.
E. 5'UGCAAU3'.
102. What is the structural feature that allows DNA to
replicate?
A. sugar-phosphate backbone
B. complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
C. disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
D. twisting of the molecule to form an α helix
E. three-component structure of the nucleotides
103. Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?
A. the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a
disaccharide with the release of water
B. the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with
the release of water
C. the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids
with the release of water
D. the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty
acids with the consumption of water
E. the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a
pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the
production of a molecule of water
104. Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer
pairing?
A. monosaccharide/polysaccharide
B. amino acid/protein
C. triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer
D. deoxyribonucleotide/DNA
E. ribonucleotide/RNA

Figure 5.1

105. If two molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1

were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to
carbon-4 of the other, the single molecule that would
result would be
A. maltose.
B. fructose.
C. glucose.
D. galactose.
E. sucrose.
106. Which of the following descriptors is true of the
molecule shown in Figure 5.1?
A. hexose
B. fructose
C. glucose
D. hexose and fructose only
E. hexose and glucose only

Figure 5.2
107. What is the structure shown in Figure 5.2?
A. pentose molecule
B. fatty acid molecule
C. steroid molecule
D. oligosaccharide molecule
E. phospholipid molecule

Figure 5.3
108. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding
the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.3?
A. It is a hydrolysis reaction.
B. It results in a peptide bond.
C. It joins two fatty acids together.
D. It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide
bond.
E. It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond,
and it joins two fatty acids together.

Figure 5.4
109. The structure depicted in Figure 5.4 shows the
A. 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch.
B. 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose.
C. double-helical structure of a DNA molecule.
D. α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide.
E. β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide.
110. The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages
between glucose monomers only if the monomers are
in the α form. Which of the following could amylase
break down?
A. glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
B. glycogen and cellulose
C. cellulose and chitin
D. starch and chitin
E. starch, amylopectin, and cellulose
111. Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis
of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together.
What would happen to DNA molecules treated with
these enzymes?
A. The two strands of the double helix would separate.
B. The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide
backbone would be broken.
C. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.
D. The pyrimidines would be separated from the
deoxyribose sugars.
E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose
sugars.