PASSAGE 3:

Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created

more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof.
Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of
the misunderstandings among cultures.
In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a
language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first language included
words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable
language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to
understand or to retain.
Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He
made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but
he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he simplified
the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as
in the noun amiko, which means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the
adjective bela, which means “pretty”. Another example of the simplified
language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in
meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the
word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language.
In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He
used a pen name, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name
Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language.
Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto
had spread from Europe toAmerica andAsia.
In 1907, the third World Congress of Esperanto took place inFrance, with
approximately700 attendees from 20 different countries. Congresses were held
annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth
World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and
forced its cancellation.
Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today,
years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million
people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite
small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin
Chinese speakers in today’s world. Current advocates would like to see its use
grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen.

Question 66: The topic of this passage is

A. one man’s efforts to create a universal language
B. how language can be improve
C. using language to communicate internationally
D. a language developed in the last few years
Question 67: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal
language
A. to build a name for himself B. to provide a more complex language
C. to resolve cultural differences D. to create one world culture
Question 68: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto
word malespera means
A. hopeless B. hope C. hopelessness D. hopeful
Question 69: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by
A. shouting B. opening C. hiding D. leaping
Question 70: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World
Congress of Esperanto took place
A. in 1905 B. in 1909 C. in 1907 D. in 1913
Question 71: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World
Esperanto Congress?
A. It had attendees from20 countries B. It never took place
C. It had 4,000 attendees D. It was scheduled for 1915
Question72: The expression “ups and downs” in line 23 is closest in meaning
to
A. tops and bottoms B. floors and ceilings
C. takeoffs and landings D. highs and lows
Question 73: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?
A. The first paragraph B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph D. The fourth paragraph
Question 74: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course
on
A. European history B. English grammar C. world government
D. applied linguistics
Question 75: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth
B. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments
C. the disadvantages of using an artificial language
D. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

PASSAGE 4
Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more
therapeutic-medicinal than previously suspected. A case in point is that of
penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to
study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance.
Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one
time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the
patients.
In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used
for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-
Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate
that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction
effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glass like layer which protects
the wound and ensures healing. Another example of folk medicine which
scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds
with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gel like
slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close
injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that
directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing. It is hoped that by
documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed
beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be
developed for human consumption- utilization.
Câu 51: This passage is mainly about ________.
A. isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime
B. antibiotics in the field of medicine
C. using folk medicines in place of modern medicines
D. the validity of folk remedies and their use for advances in modem
medicine
Câu 52: The word "therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
_____.
A. medicinal B. traditional C. psychological D. physiological
Câu 53: It can be inferred from the Message that Alexander Fleming
________.
A. suspected medicinal properties of mold B. discovered moldy cheese
C. enjoyed eating cheese D. isolated infectious patients
Câu 54: The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
______.
A. kills off B. disposes of C. excretes D. cleanses
Câu 55: To the passage, ________.
A. bacteria feed on sugar B. sugar kills unhealthy cells
C. lass is formed from sugar D. sugar promotes healing
Câu 56: The gellike substance which promotes healing comes from ________.
A. Arab fishermen B. catfish bodies
C. catfish venom D. coagulants
Câu 57: Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish
slime?
A. It prohibits inflammation B. It stops bleeding
C. It produces mold D. It fights bacteria
Câu 58: The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning
to________.
A. utilization B. destruction C. experimentation D. manipulation
Câu 59: In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?
A. They eliminate dead cells B. They heal wounds
C. They fight bacteria D. They cause blood clots
Câu 60: According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?
A. To perpetuate superstitions B. To advance modern medical practices
C. To experiment with synthetic substances D. To document cultural heritages.

PASSAGE 5

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate

most foods only in season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat
for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was
very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810, a French
inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of
canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a
means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk
became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because
cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned
stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate.
Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the
year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for
Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban population created
demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more
produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship
perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by
the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western
strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most,
for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes
enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of producing ice
commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had
more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home
deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until
the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people
continued to eat mainly foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates,
and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take
advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to
achieve more varied fare.
Question 55. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Causes of food spoilage B. Commercial production of ice
C. Population movements in the nineteenth century
D. Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
Question 56. The phrase “in season” in line 1 refers to________ .
A. a particular time of year B. a kind of weather
C. an official schedule D. a method of flavoring
Question 57. During the 1860’s, canned food products were_________ .
A. unavailable in rural areas B. available in limited quantities
C. shipped in refrigerator cars D. a staple part of the American diet.
Question 58. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into
use_________ .
A. before 1860 B. before 1890 C. after 1900 D. after 1920
Question 59. The word” them” in line 12 refers to_________ .
A. refrigerator cars B.growers C. perishables D.
distances.
Question 60. The word” fixture”in line 16 is closest in meaning to_________ .
A. commonplace object B. substance
C. luxury item D. mechanical device
Question 61.The author implies that in the 1920’s and 1930’s home deliveries
of ice_________ .
A. increased in cost B. occurred only in the summer
C. decreased in number D. were on an irregular schedule
Question 62. The word “ Nevertheless” in line 19 is closest meaning
to_________ .
A. occasionally B. however C. therefore D. because
Question 63. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT
mentioned in the passage?
A. Drying B. Chemical additives C. Canning D. Cold storage
Question 64. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
B. People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.
C. Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely
available.
D. Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owner

PASSAGE 6
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become
extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a
changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary
from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an
environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and
a species may not be adapted. Food resources may be affected by
environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring
these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment,
resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of
Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species
became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-known
examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of
dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was
the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of
all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in
the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many
species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the
plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, even
affect organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead
to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past
250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The
periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth's orbit with a cloud
of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also
speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may
be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species'
survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so,
some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random
events.

Question 55: The word "it" refers to _______.

A. species B. 99 percent C. extinction D. environment
Question 56: The word "ultimately" is closest meaning to _______.
A. exceptionally B. eventually C. unfortunately D. dramatically
Question 57: What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species
in Earth's history?
A. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
C. They are no longer in existence.
D. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
Question 58: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as
resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Temperature changes B. Introduction of new species
C. Competition among species D. Availability of food resources
Question 59: The word "demise" is closest in meaning to _______.
A. recovery B. change C. death D. help
Question 60: Why is "plankton" mentioned?
A. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those
that live in the ocean
B. To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
C. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass
extinction.
D. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
Question 61: According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
____.
A. extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth's
history
B. there has been only one mass extinction in Earth's history
C. extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
D. dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed
Question 62: The word "finding" is closest in meaning to _______.
A. research method B. ongoing experiment
C. scientific discovery D. published information
Question 63: Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of
periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
C. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
D. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
Question 64: In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following
statements about a species' survival?
A. It may depend on chance events.
B. It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species
D. It is associated with astronomical conditions.

225 years
PASSAGE 7

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where

people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that
today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between
schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.
Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the
shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the
formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal
learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the
people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces
surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover
how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from
infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong
process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should
be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose
general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country,
children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats,
are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so
on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or
an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by
the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students
know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political
problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are
experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized
process of schooling.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The best school teach a wide variety of subjects
B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences
C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children
interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2) ?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C.Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of life is an education.
3. The word “bounds”in line 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. rules B. experience C. limits D. exceptions
4. The word “chance” in line 9 is closest in meaning to___________.
A. unplanned B. unusual C. lengthy D. lively
5. The word “an integral” in line 12 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. an equitable B. a profitable C. a pleasant D. an essential
6. The word “they” in line 16 refers to ____________.
A. slices of reality B. similar textbooks C. boundaries D. seats
7. The phrase “For example,” line 22, introduces a sentence that gives
examples of _________.
A. similar textbooks B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government D. the boundaries of classroom subjects
8. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
9. The passage is organized by ___________________________.
A. listing and discussing several educational problems
B. contrasting the meanings of two related words
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher
D. giving examples of different kinds of schools
10. The writer seems to agree that...
A. Schooling is as important than education
B. Education is not as important as schooling
C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal
D. Education is more influential than schooling

Passage 8
The development of so-called keyhole surgery means that the
surgeon’s knife may soon disappear altogether as it is replaced by miniature
cameras, microscopic scissors and staplers. Instead of making long cuts in the
patient’s body, surgeons look at the site through an “endoscope”, or operating
telescope. This is passed into the body through a small hole that will barely
leave a scar.
As long as the operation is carried out skillfully by an experienced
surgeon, keyhole surgery damages the patient far less than a conventional
operation. “Minimal access surgery is a real breakthrough,” says Alf Cuschieri,
a leading endoscopic surgeon. “I wish we’d developed it years ago. Not only
does it reduce the trauma to the patient – it also means that we no longer have
to make major incisions to perform major operations.”
The viewing technology that allows doctors to see what is happening
deep inside the human body has been borrowed from the aerospace industry.
Although in the 1960s flexible scopes were developed by technicians in order
to check engine interiors without them having to be taken apart, today’s
endoscopes are not just simple tubes you can see through; they are equipped
with very small television cameras. An image of the operation – magnified
eight times – is transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV
screen. Doctors and nurses needn’t crowd round to look into the wound.
Instead, they keep their eyes on the screen with straight backs and plenty of
elbow room. As surgeons cannot work in the dark, light is beamed into the area
of the body being operated on through optical fibres – strands of special glass,
each as thin as a human hair, through which light travels.
Keyhole surgeons hope that miniaturization will make it possible for
patients to have their operations performed by robots small enough to crawl
through the patient’s body. Despite the fact that, until now, even the smallest
robots have been too large to be exploited in endoscopic surgery, in
Massachusetts the Institute of Technology’s Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics Laboratory is working on ever-smaller miniature and microrobots.
These robots could be used for filming, taking biopsy specimens or on-the-spot
analysis.
One of the most exciting future developments involves telesurgery,
where doctors will operate by remote control. This means that a patient can be
operated on by two surgeons who are hundreds of kilometresaway from each
other – and from the patient.
Some believe that such techniques will have been perfected in the next ten
years or so.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. How to operate an endoscope B. Different uses of optical fibres
C. Robots used in medicine in the future D. How surgery can benefit from new
technology
2. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. Miniature cameraB. Stapler C. Endoscope D. A human hair
3. What does the word “conventional” mean?
A. early B. small C. traditional D. convenient
4. According to the passage, which statement is true?
A. Keyhole surgery cannot be used in major operations.
B. Keyhole surgeons have to keep straight backs and should not enjoy plenty of
elbowroom.
C. The smallest robots have long been exploited in endoscopic surgery.
D. The viewing technology that endoscopic doctors are making use of has
been borrowed from the aerospace industry.
5. According to the passage, Alf Cuschieri______ .
A. is the father of keyhole surgery
B. wished that endoscopic surgery had been developed earlier
C. is a leading technician in telesurgery
D. is experimenting with microrobots operated by remote control
6. What was the main use of flexible scopes in the 1960s?
A. to check the inside of an engine
B. to see what is happening deep inside the human body
C. to film, take biopsy specimens or on-the-spot analysis
D. to transmit images onto a strategically placed TV screen
7. Compared to the original image, how large is the image of the operation
transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV screen?
A. eight times reduced B. eight times enlarged
C. the same D. as many times at will
8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about optical fibres?
A. they are strands of special glass
B. they are equipped with television cameras
C. they are as thin as a human hair
D. they can carry light into an area of the body
9. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as one of the advantages of
keyhole surgery?
A. rarely leaving a scar
B. making smaller incisions to perform major operations
C. allowing surgeons to work in the dark
D. damaging the patient far less
10. What can we expect for future surgery?
A. Surgery will be carried out by microrobots only.
B. Two patients can be operated at the same time.
C. The surgeon can operate on a patient from a distance.
D. Keyhole surgery will become successful.

PASSAGE 9
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the
speaker.
 The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting
information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual
and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys
thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant
or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the
language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven
and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When
speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright,
confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and
feelings over and above the words chosen, or may believe them. Here the
participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy
or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm- energy or
excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public
performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its
own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation
derived - obtained from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in
combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create
empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic
communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image,
perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a
tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or
exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a
clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding
behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's
receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically
alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker.
Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the
happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic
qualities of the depressed.
Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The function of the voice in performance
B. Communication styles
C. The connection between voice and personality
D. The production of speech
Question 2: What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal
levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words
chosen" in lines 6?
A. Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.
B. The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.
C. A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.
D. Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.
Question 3: The word "Here" in line 6 refers to _____________.
A. interpersonal interactions B. the tone
C. ideas and feelings D. words chosen
Question 4: The word "derived" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
____________.
A. discussed B. prepared C. registered D. obtained
Question 5: Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic
communication" ?
A. As examples of public performance B. As examples of basic styles of
communication
C. To contrast them to singing D. To introduce the idea of self-image
Question 6: According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an
indication of a person's _______.
A. general physical health B. personality
C. ability to communicate D. vocal quality
Question 7: According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide
_______.
A. hostility B. shyness C. friendliness D. strength
Question 8: The word "drastically" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
________.
A. frequently B. exactly C. severely D. easily
Question 9: The word "evidenced" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
________.
A. questioned B. repeated C. indicated D. exaggerated
Question 10: According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice
indicate?
A. Lethargy B. Depression C. Boredom D. Anger

PASSAGE 10
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second
World War is the country’s impressive population growth. For every three
Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s
population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from
natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back
marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom
continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of
nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase
had been exceeded only once before in Canada’s history, in the decade before
1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic
conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion
also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the
average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per
thousand, one of the highest in the world.
After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It
continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly
this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war,
but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were
staying at school longer, more women were working; young married couples
were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living
standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was
once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had
occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial
Revolution.

Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the
increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine percent), another large
population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the
children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Educational changes in Canadian society B. Canada during the Second
World War
C. Population trends in postwar Canada D. Standards of living in
Canada
Question 2. The word “five” in bold refers to
A. Canadians B. years C. decades D. marriages
Question 3. The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. new B. extra C. accelerating D. surprising
Question 4. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s
A. the urban population decreased rapidly B. fewer people married
C. economic conditions were poor D. the birth rate was very
high
Question 5. The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. tendency B. aim C. growth D. directive
Question 6. The word “peak” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. pointed B. dismal C. mountain D.
maximum
Question 7. The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in
population growth after 1957 EXCEPT:
A. people being better educated B. people getting married
earlier
C. better standards of living D. couples buying houses
Question 8. It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial
Revolution
A. families were larger B. population statistics
were unreliable
C. the population grew steadily D. economic conditions
were bad
Question 9. The word “it” in bold refers to
A. horizon B. population wave C. nine percent D. first
half
Question 10. The phrase “prior to” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. behind B. since C. during D. preceding

PASSAGE 11
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over
flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch.
Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant centralization and
expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the
demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to
meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli
Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating
the fiber – or lint – from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton
was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds
were concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing
season, available only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton
required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and
their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about
one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving
drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a
worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of
larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid
spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the
main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14
percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by
1810 and over a 50 percent share
in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented
by cotton. In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the
value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of
the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American
agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural
settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of the
Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
55. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries were a time when
 A. the European textile industry increased its demand for American
export products
B. mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile
industry
C. cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
D. cotton became the most important American export product
56. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
A. preferred B. recommended C. imported D.
included
57. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the
increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
A. cotton's softness B. cotton's ease of
processing
C. a shortage of flax and wool D. the growth that
occurred in the textile industry.
58. The word "laborious = burdensome" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A. unfamiliar B. primitive C. skilled D.
difficult
59. According to the passage, one advantage of sea island cotton was its
A. abundance of seeds B. long fibers
C. long growing season D. adaptability to different climates
60. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton
production in the United States after the
introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
A. More cotton came from sea island cotton plants than before.
B. More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
C. Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
D. Most cotton produced was exported to England.
61. The word "surge" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. sharp increase B. sudden stop C. important change D. excess
amount
62. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 17 in order to
A. show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they
imported.
B. show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
C. demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export
products.
D. demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
63. The word "unprecedented" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
 A. slow B. profitable C. not seen before D. never
explained
64. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was
A. one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement
took place
B. a major source of water for agricultural crops
C. the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
D. a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
PASSAGE 12:
The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of
American popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became
the hottest new (3) thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the
century, and as would rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and
disco in the seventies.
But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is
improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the player's
inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the
(8)improvise or paraphrased is a jazz musician's main opportunity to display
his or her individuality. In early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies
collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as
such, although some New Orleans players, particularly cornet player Buddy
Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea
of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold. Louis Armstrong's
instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through (14) extended solos, was a major
influence in this development.
Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists.
Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such
"get-off" musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the
ability of (18) the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and
beauty during performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major
source of inspiration and change.
The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was
initially called "hot" and later "swing". In playing hot , a musician consciously
departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also
emphasizes (24) the underlying rhythms. ("Rough" tone and use of moderate
vibrato also contributed to a hot sound .) Not all jazz is hot, however, many
early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still,
the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other
instrumentalists.
1. The passage answers which of the following questions?
A. which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music?
B. What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music?
C. Why Is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?
D. What Instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920's?
2. Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular music for dancing?
A. Disco B. Rock C. Rhythm and blues D. Ragtime
3. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their
individual artistry mainly by?
A. creating musical variations while performing
B. preparing musical arrangements
C. reading music with great skill
D. being able to play all types of popular music
4. Which of the following was the function of "get-off" musicians (line 16)?
A. Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
B. Teach dance routines created for new music
C. Lead the band
D. Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
5. Which two types of music developed around the same time?
A. jazz / rock B. dance / rhythm & blue
C. rock / rhythm & blue D. jazz / dance
6. Louis Armstrong was mentioned as an influential musician of
………………… .
A. "hot" or "swing" jazz B. chorus-long jazz
C. structured jazz D. soloing jazz
7. The word "consciously" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. carelessly B. easily C. periodically D. purposely
8. The word "unadorned" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
A. lovely B. plain: don gian C. disorganized D.
inexpensive
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. "improvisation" (line 6) B. "polyphony" (line 10)
C. "cornet player"(line 11) D. "multichorus"(line 12)
10. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
A. dividing the discussion into two major areas
B. presenting contrasting points of view
C. providing biographies of famous musician
D. describing historical events in sequence

PASSAGE 13: The Healing Power of Maggots

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it
several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic
purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European
doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More
recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective
than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed
a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak
stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heydey of
maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named
William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a
battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with
thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the
military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that
maggots could cure some of the toughest infections.
In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy
requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that
includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour
dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on
the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue.
They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient’s wound, the
maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also
excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don’t happen to swallow.
Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-
stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into
flies, they leave without a trace – although in the process, they might upset the
hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first
antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly
faded into obscurity.
1. Why did the author write the passage?
(a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots
(b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer
(c) to outline the healing power of maggots
(d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics
2. The word “renaissance” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(a) revival (b) resistance (c) support (d) condemnation
3. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because
(a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week
(b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings
(c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots
(d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital
4. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
(a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots
(b) maggots only eat dead tissue
(c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots
(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue
5. The word “devour” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(a) chew (b) clean (c) change (d) consume
6. The word “thrive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(a) prosper (b) eat (c) move (d) grow
7. The word “metamorphose” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(a) disappear (b) grow (c) change (d) move
8. The word “they” in line 23 refers to
(a) flies (b) maggots (c) gangrene-causing bacteria (d) live
patients
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(a) maggots come from eggs (b) maggots eat bacteria
(c) maggots are larvae (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of
maggot
10. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots?
(a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that
would fight infection
(b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not
been discovered
(c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot
therapy
(d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots

PASSAGE
We are descendants of the ice age.
Question 21. According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the
following EXCEPT
A. polar ice caps. B. sedimentary rocks. C. rain forests. D. fossil
fuel.
Question 22. What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The relationship between the ocean and the sun
B. The amount of sunlight reflected into space
C. A rise in global temperatures
D. The conditions that could lead to an ice age
Question 23. Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a
consequence of a large rise in global sea level?
A. The destruction of wetlands B. The flooding of cities
C. A more diverse marine population D. Severe storms
Question 24. According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon
dioxide and the Earth's climate?
A. Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm
temperatures cause the ice melt.
B. The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result
of too much carbon stored in the Earth's crust.
C. Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the
ocean.
D. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of
the climate.
Question 25. The word "beneficial" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning
to
A. calm B. inviting C. thoughtful D. favorable
Question 26. The word "massive" can be replaced to
A. wide B. huge C. dense D. thick
Question 27. It can be inferred from the passage that the development of
agriculture
A. preceded the development of animal husbandry.
B. withstood vast changes in the Earth's climate.
C. did not take place during an ice age.
D. was unaffected by the greenhouse effect.
Question 28. The word "this" in the third paragraph refers to
A. man's upsetting the equation
B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide.
C. a volcanic eruption
D. the melting of the polar ice caps
Question 29. The word "inhospitable" is closest in meaning to
A. imperfect. B. uninhabitable. C. unlikable D. cruel.
Question 30. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt
B. The coming of another ice age
C. Man's effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
D. The climate of the Earth over the years.

Bài 5 –
Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling.

1. Which of the following titles would best express the main topic of the
passage?
a. The Father of American Public Education
b. Philosophy of Education

c. The Massachusetts State Board of Education

d. Politics of Educational Institutions

2. Why does the author mention Horace Mann’s early life?

a. As an example of the importance of an early education for success

b. To make the biography more complete

c. Because it served as the inspiration for his later work in education

d. In tribute to the teachers who helped him succeed

3. The word struggles in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by …

a. valuable experiences

b. happy situations

c. Influential people

d. difficult times
4. The word there refers to …
a. the Massachusetts legislature

b. the state board of education

c. Mann’s legal practice
d. his political career

5. The word mandatory in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to …

a. required
b. equal

c. excellent

d. basic

6. With which of the following statements would the author most probably
agree?
a. Horace Mann’s influence on American education was very great
b. A small but important influence on American education was exerted by
Horace Mann

c. Few educators fully understood Horace Mann’s influence on American

education

d. The influence on American education by Horace Mann was not accepted or

appreciated

7. Horace Mann advocated all of the following EXCEPT …

a. a state board of education

b. a district school system

c. classes for adult

d. graded elementary schools

8. The reforms that Horace Mann achieved …

a. were not very radical for the time

b. were used only by the state of Massachusetts

c. were later adopted by the nation as a model

d. were enforced by the Massachusetts bar

9. With which of the following statements would Horace Mann most probably
agree?
a. Think in new ways

b. Help others
c. Study as much as possible
d. Work hard

PASSAGE 14:

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.
1.What does the passage manly discuss?
A. The origins of theater B. The role of ritual in modern dance
C. The importance of storytelling D. The variety of early religious activities.
2.The word they in line 4 refers to _____
A. seasonal changes B. natural forces C. theories D. human beings
3.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable
B. The reason in which dramas were performed
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots
D. The importance of costumes in early drama
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater
and ritual?
A. Dance B. Costumes C. Music D. Magic
5.The word "considerable" in line 13 is closest in meaning to_____
A. thoughtful B. Substantial - C. relational D. ceremonial
6.The word "enactment" in line 14 is closest in meaning to_____
A. establishment B. performance C. authorization D. season
7.The word "they" in line 14 refers to____
A. mistakes B. costumes C. animals D. performers
8.According to the passage ,what is the main difference between ritual and
drama?
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
B. Ritual is shorter than drama
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.
9.The passage supports which of the following statements?
A. No one really knows how the theater began
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes
10.Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and
the audience?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C .Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4

PASSAGE 17 There are two basic types of glaciers

Câu 1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Where major glaciers are located. B. How glaciers shape the land.
C. How glaciers are formed. D. The different kinds of giaciers.
Câu 2:The word “massive” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. huge B. strange C. cold D. recent
Câu 3:It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following
reasons?
A. They are confined to mountain valleys.
B. They cover large areas of land.
C. They are thicker in some areas than in others.
D. They have a characteristic circular shape.
Câu 4:According to the passage, ice shelves can be found_________.
A. covering an entire continent B. buried within the mountains
C. spreading into the ocean D. filling deep valleys
Câu 5:According to the passage, where was the Cordillera Ice Sheet thickest?
A. Alaska B. Greenland C. Alberta D. Antarctica
Câu 6:The word “rare” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A. small B. unusual C. valuable D. widespread
Câu 7:According to the passage, ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the
following ways?
A. Their shape B. Their flow C. Their texture D. Their
location
Câu 8:The word “subtle” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to____.
A. slight B. common C. important D. measurable
Câu 9:All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT_____________ .
A. cirque glaciers B. ice caps C. valley glaciers D. ice fields
Câu 10:Which of the following types of glaciers does the author use to
illustrate the two basic of elaciers mentioned in line 1?
A. Ice fields and cirques. B. Cirque and alpine glaciers.
C. Ice sheets and ice shelves. D. Ice sheets and mountain glaciers.

PASSAGE 19 All mammals

Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.
B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.
C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.
D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.
Question 2. The author lists various animals in line 5 to _________.
A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals
B. describe the process by which mammals came to be defined
C. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own young
D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective
Question 3. The word “tend” in line 7 is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. sit on B. move C. notice D. care
for
Question 4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal
parents feeding their young?
A. It is unknown among fish. B. It is unrelated to the size of
the young.
C. It is dangerous for the parents. D. It is most common among
mammals.
Question 5. The word “provisioning” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A. supplying B. preparing C. building D. expanding
Question 6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their
young have food?
A. By storing food near their young.
B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.
C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.
D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.
Question 7. The word “edge” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
A. opportunity B. advantage C. purpose
D. rest
Question 8. The word “it” in line 20 refers to
A. feeding B. moment C. young animal
D. size
Question 9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless when
A. their parents are away searching for food
B. their parents have many young to feed
C. they are only a few days old
D. they first become independent
Question 10. The word “shielded” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. raised B. protected C. hatched D. valued

PASSAGE 24 trees

1. The best title for this passage would be

a. The size of the bristlecone pine
b. Three-hundred-year-old-forests
C.The wonders of the ancient world
d. An amazingly enduring tree
2. The word “there” in paragraph 3 refers to
a. Measure b. Approximate c. Evaluate d. View

3. The expression “in the neighborhood of” in line 3 could best be replaced
by
a. Of approximately b. On the same block as c. With
the friendliness of d. Located close to
4. It can be inferred from the passage that most people :
a. Are quite accurate in their estimates of the ages of treesc.
 b. B. Have two to three hundred trees in their neighborhoods
C . Do not really have any idea how old the oldest trees on Earth are

d. Can name some three-hundred-year-old-trees

5 . According to the passage, approximately how old are the oldest trees on
Earth?
a. Two hundred years old b. Three hundred years old
c. Five hundred years old d. Five thousand years old = 5000 years
5. The word “venerable” in line 6 is closest in meaning to which of the
following?
a. Ancient = esteemed b. Incredible
b. c. Towering d. Unrecognizable
6. The author mentions the Egyptian pyramids as an example of something
that is
a. Far away b. Believed to be strong c. Extremely tall
d. Known to be old
7. Which of the following is true about the bristlecone pine?
a. It is as tall as the great pyramids. C. It is never more than
five meters in height.
b. It is short in comparison to many other trees. D. It can be two to three
hundred feet tall.
8. The word “inclement” in line 11 could best be replace by
A. Sunny B.Bad C. Unusual D. Strong =
tempestuous.
9. The passage states that resin
A. Assists the tree trunks to develop C. Is found only in the
bristlecone pine
B. Flows from the branches to the tree trunk
D. Helps stop rot from starting

PASSAGE 25: Brendan's best friend is Tip. Tip and Brendan are inseparable.
1. Tip is one year older than Brendan.
2. The word “ it” refer to: A dog
3. Paragraph 2
4. It is an important responsibility in children's life.
5. How dogs teach children about empathy.
6. It eventually makes children more considerate and caring.
7. They express the dog's mind.
8. Stroke = pat
9. They cannot express themselves.
10. Positive effects on children of owning a dog.
PASSAGE 27: Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of
people’s social standing.
1. Inheritance of wealth across multiple generations
2. Although many people may not believe it, future wealth is best predicted based on family
background.
3. paragraph 3
4. People in the middle class vary widely in lifestyle and resources
5. unskilled workers in manual labor
6. Quite a few of them think that they don’t belong to this class
7. weak = tenuous = thin
8. mostly = primarily
9. the lower class
10. some people in the lower class do not have any jobs so they may earn their living by
committing crimes
PASSAGE 28 : There's one thing we can all agree getting of for a road trip is the most
important way to cure the soul.
1. It is the best place for road trips.
2. Recovery = rebound
3. Paragraph 3( play winter sports)
4. Abel Tasman ( best time at the beach)
5. Kaikoura ( The word “it”)
6. They can taste wine
7. Kaikoura coast ( chance to see sea creatures)
8. Magnificent = majestic
9. Waipara Valley produces one of the best bottles print the world
10. Best places in New Zealand's South Island.
PASSAGE 29: Baseball is sometimes called a national pastime America in
1. According to the passage, baseball
-> is becoming popular in many countries
 2. Baseball is played and more countries because
->It is included in the Olympic Games

3. Why does the author mention” childhood memory in P2?

-> To prove that baseball is very popular in the US

4. P2+P3. Which statement is NOT TRUE?

Baseball fans stand in the sun for hours during the…

5. Which is the following is not mentioned as price of requirement in

baseball?
->Mark

6. Which is TRUE about the baseball field?

->There are three bases in the field
7. The objective of the game is to
-> Score the most runs

8, What is TRUE about the baseball game?

-> The speed of the game may chance suddently

9.Main ideas of P5?

-> What happens during the baseball

10.In which space (a,b,c); (d) _ PLayers wear shoes……

-> A

PASSAGE 30: Although America's immigration policy

1. legal, temporary immigrant
2. 103,000
3. gap = chasm
4. The maximum number of h-2b visas granted per year is fixed
5. The word “ they” refers to: employers
6. They do not pay for transport and housing.
7. criticized = lambasted
8. It may bring about labour exploitation.
9. Agriculture workers could work longer hours with better pay.
10. America’s guest worker boom
PASSAGE 31: Potatoes were first grown for food in South America thousands of years
ago.
1. The word” them” in P1 refer:
-> Potatoes
2. The word “ crushed” in P1:
-> Smash
3. What does the author say about potato pulps
-> They could be kept for more than ten years
4. Why does the author mention the odd shape of potatoes?
-> To give a reason for the fact that in some places, only animals ate potatoes.
5. The main idea in paragraph 2:
-> View about how potatoes came to Britain
6. The word” rotting” in P2
-> decay
7. What happed to the royal in England?
-> They ate boiled stems and leaves
8. Which paragraph does the author compare potatoes and other foods?
-> P3
9. In P3, what does the author say about potatoes?
-> They contain more than one types of vitamin
10. The following is TRUE of potatoes?
-> In the past, pp in some placed did not eat them

PASSAGE 32. Flood

1. The best title for the passage:
-> Cause of floods
2. All of the following are natural disaster mentioned in P1, except:
-> Airplane crash
3. “ They” is P1:
-> Floods
4. The word” widespread”
-> overall
5. According to P2, which is TRUE about deepsnow?
-> It many result in bad flooding if it melts on a heavily rainy day
6. Nar does melting snow cause flooding?
-> It make the level of the river rise
7. According to P3, which is TRUE?
-> If there is a dam in the river, the water behind the dam may rise
8. A broken man-made dam compared to”
-> A tidal wave
9. DESTROY EVERYTHING ON THEIR WAYS
10. According to the passage, which is TRUE?
-> Flooding can be caused by both nature and human’s products
PASSAGE 43: A pancake..
1. “ They” in P1 refers to: “ pancakes”
2. Americans do not celebrate the Pancake Day
3. Author compare pancakes from diff countries: P1
4. EXCEPT: Lent
5. “ sins” = crimes
6. Author say about the woman in Olney? -> She went to the church with pancakes in a pan
7. Main P3: The pancake bell
8. Many Brits cat more than two pancakes on Pancake Day
9. The Brits eat more pancakes on the Pancake Day
10. Best title: Pancake Day

PASSAGE 44: A CUP OF COFFEE

1. “it” P1 refers to: coffee
2. Where do coffee trees originally come from: Arabian Peninsula
3. The most coffee: Brazil
4. “traders” = dealers
5. Height coffee: P3
6. Which part of coffee: the coffee bean
7. It is expensive to grow the coffee plants that are easy to be attacked by diseases
8. A comparison between some main types of coffee plants
9. EXCEPT: Coffee trees of the same type produce coffee similar in taste and smell
10. Best title: The story of coffee

PASSAGE 45: The Olympic Game

1. They can become rich by taking part in the Olympic Games
2. NOT: jump high
3. TRUE about Lampis of Sparta: He was the first champion of the ancient Olympics
4. Became an Olympic even after 1972
5. Score more points than all the other competition
6. TRUE about The Stockholm Olympics of 1912: It reintroduced the search for the
winner of all rounds
7. Get a trainer to guide you
8. “ it” in P3: The decathlon
9. Why athletes choose decathlon: P3
10. Present the different events of the decathlon

PASSAGE 46: A musical instrument

1. Choosing a musical instrument to play is a big decision
2. “it” P2 refers to: saxophone
3. EXCEPT: piano
 4. If play the saxophone, …: you are less likely to play classical music
5. Solo Electric instrusments: Can be drawback if you want to play with others
6. Are a good idea to avoid disturbing other people
7. Buy guitar because : May cost a little money or a large amount
8. “ purchases” = bought
9. Teacher can: Help you to make a right decision
10. Inferred: is giving advice on choosing musical instrusments

PASSAGE 47: OILS

1. Best title: The detrimental effects of menthol
2. “ pollinator” : bee
3. EXCEPT: toothbrushes
4. TRUE: Menthol works on provoking our calcium receptors, leading to a feeling
of coolness
5. “ carrier oil, lotion, other vehicle: give an idea on forms of menthol applied on our
body
6. NOT: Sinustis
7. FDA advise: Placing menthol products near objects with tremendous heat
potential
8. “ congestion” = blocking
9. Inferred: All essential products can be counterproductive when being used
improperly
10. “ these adducts” refer to: menthol cigarette smokers

PASSAGE 48: OBESE

1. “ obese” = overweight
2. EXCEPT: A personal choice that is controllable
3. Controlled by many different parts of the body
4. The brain’s inability to decode information in case of eating too fast
5. Cause them to override the feeling that they should not eat
6. The author mentions “ twenty hours”: the maximum time of leaving subjects
starved for a dopamine test
7. “ habitual” = normal
8. The increasing number of fat people
9. “ it” refers to: hypothalamus part
10. Making some progress but is incomplete

PASSAGE 49: HEART DISEASE

1. Around 89% of them lived with other people
2. We cannot claim that they have a lower risk of heart attack
3. “ coindidental” - random
4. Dr. Gregory talk about live alone: They take a good care of their health
5. Main P3: Gender and risks of heart attack
6. “ them” refers to: forms of disease
7. EXCEPT: The researchers did not know that some participants suffered from depression
and stress
8. NOT TRUE: It found that people over 75 have lower risks of heart attack than others
9. Designed: D
10. Purpose: to report the findings of a study on heart diseases

PASSAGE 50: A NEW FOSSIL

1. Were built by halictid bees
2. They express different aspects in animal’s life
3. Phil Barden: The secondary kind of fossil is valuable to paleontologist
4. Poops: P3
5. “ constrain” = restrict
6. Inferred: It requires more than just genes to determine ages of bee species
7. NOT TRUE: Modern bees began to diversify at a slow pace when eudicots started to
branch out
8. EXCEPT: They reinforce the idea that bees are one of the most important pollinator =
bee groups
9. “ The only of living insects…” : A
10. Best title: Oldest evidence of modern bees
âu 1:Aeron and Candy Spelling are now living in____________
A. the house that belonged to Bing Crosby. B. a house they paid more than
$10 million for.
C. a more luxurious house than the one they bought. D. a house that
needed a lot of repairs.
Câu 2:The real snow Candy wanted for Christmas was_____________
A. brought to her home from elsewhere. B. placed on the edge of the lawns.
C. manufactured at her own home. D. manufactured at her own home.
Câu 3:A short while ago, Candy decided to_____________.
A. fly to New York to buy some clothes. B. fly to New York to buy some
clothes.
C. employ a fashion designer and fashion models permanently. D.
purchase every single item in a fashion show.
So sánh 2 kiểu người:
Câu 4:Martin and Rebecca Granger moved to a small cottage in Cornwall
because they___________
A. couldn't find a teaching job in London. B. wanted to teach outside
London.
C. found teaching salaries too low in London.
D. wanted a change from their life in London.
Câu 5:The cottage they moved to in Cornwall____________
A. had belonged to a distant relative. B. was bought for them by Martin's
mother.
C. was in a dreadful condition. D. was in a small village.
Câu 6:After Martin and Rebecca had moved to the cottage, they spent
some time_________.
A. creating a large garden. B. renovating the building themselves
C. looking for suitable work. D. finding help to make the place habitable.
Câu 7:They are thinking of emigrating to New Zealand
because__________
A. they are seeking freedom from the rat race. B. they cannot manage on
what they earn.
C. the no longer happy where they are. D. they want to live in an even
more remote place.
Câu 8:The word it in paragraph 4 refers to_____________.
A. Cornwall. B. the cottage. C. the roof. D. the place.
Câu 9:The word 'emigrate' in the passage is closest in meaning
to_________
A. return. B. leave their country to live in ... C. pay a visit to ... D.
move to work in ...
We use the verb arrive with at or in to talk about 'coming to', 'getting to' or
'reaching' a place where a journey ends. If we see the destination as a point,
we say arrive at. If we see it as a larger area, we say arrive in: …
Câu 10:By contrasting the two families, the writer suggests that
people________.
A. do not need a lot of money to be happy. B. are rarely satisfied with
their houses.
C. need to be kept busy. D. often find living in the country unpleasant.

In the United States today there are more than half a million criminals
serving time in jails or prisons
20) The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses
A) the goals of most state and federal prisons
B) the cost of prison reform
C) examples of models for community collaboration
D) problems with the current criminal justice system
11) What is the author’s main point?
A) Prisons must be restructured if they are to accomplish the goal of
rehabilitation
 B) Goals for community collaboration have been successful
C) Most of the criminals serving time in prison do not have goals
D) The criminal justice system must establish a better goal
12) According to the author, how many prisoners are offered training or
work release?
A) None B) 33 percent C) 50 percent D) 60 percent
13) The word “recidivism” in Part I refers to
A) all people who are imprisoned B) people who return
to prison after release
C) people who drop out of high school D) people who have been in prison
for a long time
14) The word “options” in Part II is closest in meaning to
A) exceptions B) challenges C) alternatives D)
benefits
15) The word “them” in Part II refers to
A) prison systems B) inmates C) goals D) levels
16) Where in the passage does the author explain the rate of imprisonment
over the past twenty years?
A) Lines A B) Lines B C) Lines C D) Lines D
17) What does the author mean by the statement in Part II: “Although the
stated objective of the criminal justice system, on both federal and state
levels, is to rehabilitate the inmates and reintegrate them into society, the
systems themselves do not support such a goal”?
A) Inmates in prisons do not participate in rehabilitation programs
before they are reintegrated into society
B) The goal of rehabilitation and reintegration into society is encouraged
by the prison systems
C) Prison systems do not promote rehabilitation and reintegration despite
their goal
D) Rehabilitation cannot be achieved by prisons without reintegration
into society
18) Why should prisons be built near towns or cities?
A) Prisoners benefit from family visitations
B) Workers need to be close to their homes
C) Reintegration programs require resources
D) Prisons contribute to the economies
19) The author mentions all the following as necessary to prison reform
EXCEPT
A) newer buildings
B) smaller institutions
C) vocational training

LESSON 17 – TEST

The first scientific attempt at coaxing moisture from a cloud was in 1946, when
scientist Vincent Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a
cloud and, to his delight, produced snow. The success of the experiment was
modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the
country. It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather.

Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-
seeding operations, during the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say
whether they had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding, or weather
modification as it came to be called, was dearly more complicated than had
been thought. It was not until the early 1970s that enough experiments had
been done to understand the processes involved. What these studies indicated
was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to seeding. One of the most
responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air currents encounter
a mountain slope and rise. If the temperature in such a cloud is right, seeding
can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent.

There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver
iodide is burned in propane-fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the
clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for the formation of
ice crystals. The alternate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry
ice does not provide ice-forming nuclei. Instead, it lowers the temperature near
the water droplets in the clouds so that they freeze instantly – a process called
spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is more efficient but also more
expensive.

About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in
the Western states. With the population of the West growing rapidly, few
regions of the world require more water. About 85 percent of the waters in the
rivers of the West come from melted snow. As one expert put it, the water
problems of the future may make the energy problems of the 70s seem like
child’s play to solve. That’s why the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, along with
state governments, municipal water districts, and private interests such as ski
areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased effort into cloud-
seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy snowfalls in the Rockies and
Sierras, the West would literally dry up. The most intensive efforts to produce
precipitation were during the West’s disastrous snow drought of 1976-1977. It
is impossible to judge the efficiency of weather modification based on one
crash program, but most experts think that such hurry-up programs are not very
effective.

1. What is the main subject of the passage?

A. The scientific contributions of Vincent Schaefer B. Developments in
methods of increasing precipitation
C. The process by which snow crystals form D. The effects of cloud
seeding
2. The word “spawned” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to _______.
A. intensified B. reduced C. preceded D. created

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the term
weather modification?
A. It is not as old as the term cloud seeding. B. It has been in use
since at least 1946.
C. It refers to only one type of cloud seeding. D. It was first used by
Vincent Schaefer.

4. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed _______

A. on relatively warm winter days B. over large bodies of water
C. during intense snow storms D. when air currents rise
over mountains

5. To which of the following does the word “they” in paragraph 3 refer?

A. Water droplets B. Clouds C. Ice-forming nuclei D.
Airplanes

6. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to
form?
A. Propane B. Silver-iodide smoke C. Dry-ice pellets D.
Nuclear radiation

7. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when _______

A. it is important to save money B. the process of spontaneous
nucleation cannot be employed
C. the production of precipitation must be efficient D. temperatures are
lower than usual

8. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s?
A. They were caused by a lack of water.
B. They took attention away from water problems.
C. They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future.
D. They were thought to be minor at the time but turned out to be serious.

9. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (paragraph 4) as an example

of _______
A. state government agencies

B. private interests
C. organizations that compete with ski areas for water D. municipal water
districts
10. It can be inferred from the passage that the weather-modification project of
1976-1977 was _______
A. put together quickly B. a complete failure
C. not necessary D. easy to evaluate

PASSAGE

Question 21. According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the
following EXCEPT
A. polar ice caps. B. sedimentary rocks. C. rain forests. D. fossil
fuel.
Question 22. What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The relationship between the ocean and the sun
B. The amount of sunlight reflected into space
C. A rise in global temperatures
D. The conditions that could lead to an ice age
Question 23. Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a
consequence of a large rise in global sea level?
A. The destruction of wetlands B. The flooding of cities
C. A more diverse marine population D. Severe storms
Question 24. According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon
dioxide and the Earth's climate?
A. Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm
temperatures cause the ice melt.
B. The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result
of too much carbon stored in the Earth's crust.
C. Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the
ocean.
D. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of the
climate.
Question 25. The word "beneficial" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning
to
A. calm B. inviting C. thoughtful D. favorable
Question 26. The word "massive" can be replaced to
A. wide B. huge C. dense D. thick
Question 27. It can be inferred from the passage that the development of
agriculture
A. preceded the development of animal husbandry.
B. withstood vast changes in the Earth's climate.
C. did not take place during an ice age.
D. was unaffected by the greenhouse effect.
Question 28. The word "this" in the third paragraph refers to
A. man's upsetting the equation
B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide.
C. a volcanic eruption
D. the melting of the polar ice caps
Question 29. The word "inhospitable" is closest in meaning to
A. imperfect. B. uninhabitable. C. unlikable D. cruel.
Question 30. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt
B. The coming of another ice age
C. Man's effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
D. The climate of the Earth over the years.