Scribd
Upload
14 views8 pages

Carbo Hydr: It's General Formula Is

Carbohydrates are essential energy sources composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a general formula of Cn(H2O)n. They are classified into simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). The nomenclature for carbohydrates typically ends with '-ose' and can include prefixes indicating the presence of aldehyde or ketone functional groups.

Uploaded by

ritikadogre05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views8 pages

Carbo Hydr: It's General Formula Is

Carbohydrates are essential energy sources composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a general formula of Cn(H2O)n. They are classified into simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides). The nomenclature for carbohydrates typically ends with '-ose' and can include prefixes indicating the presence of aldehyde or ketone functional groups.

Uploaded by

ritikadogre05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Introduction to

Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy.
• They contain the element of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• The very first part of the name carbo means that they
contain carbon.
• The second part hydr suggests that they contain hydrogen.
• The third part of the name ate means that they contain
oxygen.
• It’s general formula is Cn(H2O)n.
• The hydrogen and oxygen are in the ratio 2:1.
CLASSIFICATION

1.Simple carbohydrates 2.Complex Carbohydrates

•Monosaccharides •Polysaccharides
•Disaccharides
•Oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides

 Single sugar unit which cannot be hydrolyzed


further as they are the simplest form.
 They maybe further classified depending on the
number of carbon atoms.
 Glucose is an example of monosaccharides.
Triose (C3H6O3)
Tetrose (C4H6O4)
Disaccharides

 Two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide.


 The two are joint by a glycoside bond.
Disaccharides are of two types:-

Reducing sugar Non-reducing sugar


 These two sugars are joint  These are joint by alpha, beta,
together by beta-1,4 glycosidic glycosidic linkage.
bond.
 Lactose = Glucose+ galactose
 Sucrose= Glucose+ Fructose
 Maltose = Glucose+ Glucose
it is joined together by alpha-1,4
glycosidic bond
Oligosaccharides
 Carbohydrates formed by the condensation of 3-10 monomers are called oligosaccharides.
 Examples:- Raffinose, stachyose, rhamnose
Polysaccharides
 Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by the
polymerization of a large number of monomers.
1. Homopolysaccharides:- Same sugar unit.
Example;
• Starch (amylose + amylopectin)
• Glycogen (animal starch)
• Insulin (polymer of fructose)
• Chitin (found in exoskeleton of insects)
2. Hetropolysaccharides :- Different sugar unit.
Examples;
• Agar
• Heparin (in blood as anticoagulant)
NOMENCLATURE
 The generic nomenclature of carbohydrates ends with ‘-ose’ thus the term
pentose is used for compund having chemical formula C5 H10 O5
 Carbohydrates have two functional groups: an aldehyde or a ketone and an
alcohol.
 We will specify this by adding keto or aldo in the prefix of carbohydrate
names.

You might also like