ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM IN ETHIOPIA

1. Introduction
1.1 Background Information
Election is a formal process by which Voters make their political choice on public office or
candidates for public office. Ethiopia follows the system of majority vote meaning any party or
private candidate who gets the majority vote will hold an office and organize the executive
branch. National Elections in Ethiopia began in the 20th Century. In July, 1935 Emperor Haile
Selassie granted a Constitution that asserted his own status, reserved imperial succession to the
line of Haile Selassie, and declared that "the Person of the Emperor is sacred, his dignity
inviolable and his power Indisputable".

Elections During the Reign of Emperor Haile Selassie

 The first Parliament was established in 1931.

 The second Parliament established After 1941 (Post Italian Occupation)

Election During the Dergue

An assembly of councilors consisting of 60 members selected from various government

Institutions and provinces was established in October 1974. The mandate of this assembly lasted
until 1975.

Election in The Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia (FDRE)

 The Transitional Government of Ethiopia

 The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE)

The FDRE parliament is different from other, Because of this situation:-

1. The government has a Federal Structure.

2. There are two Houses. The House of People's representative and the House of the
Federation.

3. The House of People's Representatives has 547 members, elected for a term of five
Years.

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4. The House of the Federation is composed of representatives of Nations, Nationalities and

Peoples. It has 112 members elected for a term of five Years.

5. The Regional State Councils elect the members of the House of Federation.

6. Each nation, nationalities and peoples is represented in the house of the Federation by at
least one Deputy.

1.2 Statement of the problem

In Ethiopia, elections take place every five years to elect members of HOR. The electoral
procedure involves many processes. The processes are voter Registration, Voter Register
Exhibition, Voting, Vote Counting, Collation and Publication of Results.
A number of problems associated with each phase of the electoral process are discussed below:-

 Invalid votes: A vote is considered to be invalid if the thumbprint or the mark has not
been placed at the right spot. (The Board has published that an average of ---% of invalid
votes are recorded during every election.)
 Long voting process: The manual voting exercise involves a number of steps that result
in long queues. This is because each voter takes a considerable amount of time to vote.
 Delays in result publication: It has been gathered that it takes the NEBE about more
than --months to eventually publish election result.
 High cost of election organizing: The procurement of materials that ensure the validity
of the voters’ registration, as well as the complete success of the electoral process makes
election costs very high. Indelible ink, ballot boxes and papers as well as other logistics,
despite being expensive, are indispensable in a manual voting system.

Therefore, this project is an effort in solving the problems associated with each phase of the
electoral process. The Efforts may be geared towards the minimization, if not the total
elimination, of the problems associated with the manual election.

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1.3 Objective of the project

General objective of the project:-

Develop web based voting system which contains various function starting from voter
registration to vote result publication.

Specific objective of the project:-

 Identifying the problem

 Selecting the appropriate development tools for the system

 Designing friendly user interface

 Designing database to the system that can hold all the information

 Implementing standard security algorithms that can keep the confidentiality of the data.

 Testing the system

 Integrating the whole system

Significance of the project:-

The benefits of the new computer based system are:-

 Reduce the amount of resources that are wasted.

 Keeping information safely.
 Reduce the number of workers that are required to do the task.
 Used for decision making purpose using the reports those are generated from the system.
 Accessing information’s in fast way.
 Increased accuracy and availability.
 Increased the speed to perform activities.

1.4 Scope and limitation of the project

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1.4.1 Scope
The scope of the project is that every voter will use User name and password in the
login page and can check the eligibility in main security of the voting system. So every
voter who has User name and password can vote. This project targets to do web based
voting system. The system contains modules that can handle voters’ and candidates’
registration system, including vote counting module etc.

1.4.2 Limitation

Limitation of the project defines what the newly proposed system is not going to perform
and not cover.

 Our system can’t provide with other languages for nation nationality individually(i.e.
our system will be developed by Amharic language only for all).
 Our system cannot help any blind voter those wants to vote their representatives by
sound synthesizer.
 Our system cannot help any illiterate voter.

1.5 Methodology and software used

This part deals about the method of data collection, source of data, and how the data will be
organized and analyzed.

1.5.1 Data Collection Methodology

 Interview (supplementary method)

The additional data would be gathered through the technique of interview, through this
technique we get different information’s from the current workers of the organization.
 Document (supplementary method)
Collecting information from different references, projects and web sites.
 By discussing and analyzing the problems with project team.

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1.5.2 Programming and Database tools

Our team will use the Visual Studio (C#,ASP.NET) as a front end and the SQL Server 2008
as a back and or database tool to develop the new computer based system.

In addition to the programming and database tools our team used additional software to do
different application. This are listed below.

 Visio software
This is used to draw different UML (unified modeling language) that are necessary to
structure the system.
 Microsoft word 2007 software
This is used to write the documentation of the proposed system from the starting to
the end of the project.
 Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 software
This is used to present the project.
 Windows server 2003

This is used for Networking.

1.5.3. Hardware used:

The team of the project working with:-
 Two personal computer i.e. one for client & other for server with:
 650 GB hard disk
 8GB of RAM
 core i5 processor.
 3 GHZ speed CPU.
 Output device:
 printer

 External storage devise:

 Flash disc 4 GB

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 Compactable CD-ROM 700 MB

1.6 Feasibility of the project

A feasibility study may be conducted for a project with an emphasis a financial viability,
environmental integrity, cultural acceptability or political feasibility. It is the determination as to
the likelihood of success and adscription of how that determination was achieved.

1.6.1 Economic Feasible

The purpose of assessing economic feasibility is to identify the financial benefit and cost
association with the development project, economic feasibility is referred to us cost benefit
analysis.

1.6.1.1 Costs

Items Quantity Unit price(birr) Total price(birr)

Computer 2(for 12000 24000
development and
deployment
purpose)
Printers 1 9000 9000
Ms visual studio 1 50 50
Visio 1 50 50
Ms office 1 50 50
Total 33,150
Table 1.1 cost analysis

1.6.1.2 Benefits
The benefits of the project are listed below

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 Cost reduction
 Error reduction
 Increased the speed of activity
 Reduction in material usage
 Faster decision making
 Increased accuracy and availability.

So, cost=33,150 birr, since the benefits are larger than the cost that spend to do the
project, our team is conclude that this project is Economically feasible.

1.6.2 Technical Feasible

Technical feasibility can be defined in two ways :

 Do we have skilled man power to develop the project,

 Do we have enough technology

In designing the project we already have qualified individuals and enough technologies so, this
project is Technically feasible.

1.6.3 Operational Feasible

the purpose of Operational feasibility can ask, Is the system solve the problem after the
proposed system is implemented for the user? YES, Because, the system is allow for the voters
to get the access of the computer and internet by allocating different voting stations rather than
manual system to vote. so, this project is Operationally feasible.

1.6.4 Schedule Feasible

 Involves checking if the project team can develop the proposed system with the time
allocated.

 Meeting project deadline may depend on the size the project team and the availability of
the key members of the user group.

1.6.5 Legal Feasible

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concerns the developed system is protected by law not duplicated without the permission
of the developed team and also not re programmed it.

1.7 Project plan activities

To develop the system our team has followed project plan precisely in order to make the
concerned body get the system simple.

1.7.1 Work-Break down Structure, coordination and deliverables

Tasks Responsible person Deliverables
PROJECT INITIATION AND PLANNING

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Explanation of the Rahel

existing system Existing system
Major functions of Rahel and Surafel documentation
existing system
PROJECT ANALYSIS
Use case modeling Nega and Surafel Use case diagram and
description
Sequence diagramming Samuel Sequence diagram
Activity diagramming Samuel Activity diagram
Functional & non Rahel and Samuel User Requirement
Functional Requirement documentation
PROJECT DESIGN
State chart modeling NegaState chart diagram
Design class diagramming Rahel and Samuel
Class diagram
Collaboration Surafel and Samuel
Collaboration diagram
diagramming
Component diagramming Surafel Component diagram
User interface Samuel User interface flow
diagramming diagram
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Coding All group members Project code
Testing All group members Checked the code and
tested the system
Table 1.2 Work Break Down Structure

 Managing task:

The members of this team were divided in order to make burden distribution among
them.

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 Assessing risk:
Different system of advising and checking of how the system is going to prevent
from failure is the concern of the team.
 Resource plan:

Computer laboratory of Ambo University is used mainly to develop the proposed

system.

1.8 Project Organization

1.8.1 Team Organization

In our team every task must be done by every person of the group, so the group
participates on every stage of planning, analysis, and design of this project by sharing ideas.
Since entire member of the team exist at the same level (or responsibility) to do the project,
for reviewing each other work, to reduce time consumption, to make the member fully
knowledgeable & to increase the project quality, our group organization is based on
Decentralized control Team organization.

Samuel Rahel

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Surafel Nega
+

Fig 1.1 Decentralization control team organization

1.9 Project Schedule

Fig 1.2 Gantt Chart

Definition, acronyms and abbreviations

 SQL(Structural Query Language)

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 ASP.NET= Active Server Page Technology

 OS=Operating system
 MB (mega byte)
 GB (gigabyte)
 GHZ (gigahertz)
 CPU(Central Processing Unit)
 DB(Data base)
 NEBE(National Electoral Board of Ethiopia)
 FDRE(Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)

1.10 References

 National Electoral Board of Ethiopia Official Website.

 BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2. Current Systems

2.1 Description of the current system

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Current system is the manual system that needs intensive human labor, resource, consume
time, less security. First of all in these manual systems voters have requested to register.

Voters Need to Know during Registration:-

1. An elector shall be registered in person.

2. Any person shall be registered once and at one polling station only.
3. Registration shall be held only at the polling station, registration out of polling station
is forbidden.

voters’ vote the candidates by going to voting station that is centralized. To vote, each
voter gets the candidates symbol and name that present on the vote paper and makes "X" marks
on only one candidates. On the other hand illiterate electors shall vote by pressing one of their
fingerprints in the square corresponding to the candidate for whom they want to vote. Counting
the voice of each voter and reporting the winner also need much time, perhaps if the counting
error is occurred that manual system cannot report. Resources are extravagances when papers are
duplicated for the candidates to introduce themselves. Fraud occurring during election time was
protected by law.

2.2 Practices to be preserved from the existing system

Even if the existing system has a lot of problems, there are a number of activities that need to
be preserved. Those are:-

 Existing data storage system is partially automated used:-Since the NEBE used
manually and partially automated data storage system.

 Registration:- shall be made up on presentation of an identity card or passport.

 Distribution of tasks :-Here everyone has its duty to do and come over the problem of
overloading the work to some part of the workgroup.

2.3 Players in the existing system

There are different players in the existing system:-
1.Voters:-

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 they should vote their candidates.

 view the result.
2. Election offices:-
 register the candidates.
 coordinates and manages the workers and co-workers.
 count the votes.
 report the result.
3.Workers and co-workers:-
o register the voters.

4.Candidates:-
candidates registered by Election offices.
5.Spectators:-
 they should see what is going on in the election.

2.4 Business rule

BR1: To vote at Federal level:-

 you must be above 18 years old.

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 you must be an Ethiopian.

 has not served a term of imprisonment is eligible to vote.
 you must residing within the constituencies for
at least 6 months.
BR2: The voter must be come to the office on the registration day.
BR3: The Election Offices can register the candidates and tell, when the
Election date is begin.
BR4:The Workers can register the voters and tell, when the Election date is begin.
BR5: The voter must came in the given schedule.
BR6:The voter can select one candidates and putting an "X" mark across the
symbol of the candidate.
BR7:The Election Officer can coordinate the workers and the co-workers in the
time of Election.
BR8:The NEBE can announce the result in mass media such as:-
TV,Radio,Megazines,Internet etc...

2.5 Alternative solution

Even if the current system has a lot of the problems, that limits or hinders the
functionality, performance, efficiency, competence, security, speed of the organization.
To make, the organization more organized.

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 Automating the whole process to reduce time and budget consumption, to reduce
error.
 Documents also secured.
 The NEBE also report within short period of time.

Despite the fact that the above suggested solution is alternative solution to the
existing system, they are costly & time taking to solve the problem completely. So,
having this mind, our team suggested that, the NEBE to use the proposed an automated
internet based system with minimum cost and time to easy to use.

3. Proposed Systems

3.1 Overview of the proposed system

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The main aim of our project is to automate the current manual system and it will solve
the problems that are in the manual system. This system saves resources by doing all things used
in election system; and counts the result for each candidate correctly and report with exact value
electronically. The new system does not pass over without reporting the occurred errors during
the counting result. Also in security side our system is secured because, it needs User name and
Password. Before the Election Day the system will be used for viewing candidates’ profiles. Our
system will be in election mode, for the purpose of vote polling only on the Election Day.

3.2 Functional requirements

Functional requirements describe the interactions between the system and its environment
independent of its implementation. The environment includes the user and any other external
system with which the system interacts.

The following points list down the functional requirements of our system:-

Register Election Officer:

The person who takes care of conducting the elections by declaring the election details should be
declared the result.

Register Candidates:

Before the vote casting process begins, the election offices needs to register the candidates.

Check eligibility to cast a vote:

Our system will check whether the voter is eligible to cast a vote or not by interacting with
database.

Cast Vote:

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When the voter keys the correct Username and Password to the system, the system will extract
the eligible candidates on that polling station, then, the voters casts the vote by keeping the rules.

Generate report:

At the end of the election, the System will generate the reports based on the polling stations
code.
Counting:

This system will count the votes automatically so the counting process will be faster and that will
help to publish the result faster.

Authentication:

Election offices have their own credentials stored in the database. The system will check the
keyed values against the values stored in the database.

3.3 Non functional requirements

Non-functional requirements (also known as quality requirements), which impose

constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance requirements, security, or
reliability).

 Usability Requirements:-
It is expected that the user should be able to vote easily online. User should complete
voting in a few minutes. Provide an online help and a quick guide for users.

 Reliability Requirements:-

The system should be reliable. Security is a major concern for an online voting system.
Process used in this system should be secure enough to be able to meet the requirements
mentioned for online voting. It requires database connections and network connections. Changes

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can be done in the databases to store the votes. All changes needs to be confirmed and if the
transfer is complete the confirmation should be displayed. The changes should be monitored.

 Performance Requirements:-
There might be many users accessing to the web server simultaneously. As an online
voting tool performance shouldn’t be affected much and response time for submitted page should
be less than a minute.

 Security Requirements:-

The system should provide basic security features like password authentication. All
the passwords generated and communicated to the users should be stored in the server
only in an encrypted form for login management to prevent misuse.

 Safety Requirements:
In order to prevent data loss in case of system failure, the result of votes that were
polled till then have to be saved in the database, for the system to resume the counting
process on reboot. The Election officer should set up his system time appropriately for
the election process to start at the correct time. The system should be capable of
gracefully recovering from earlier crashes and continuing the voting process.

3.4 User Interface

The Proposed system has several user interfaces to communicate easily with the User. Our
team attempt to illustrate this interface in general as follows:-

Specification

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 The system user interface should be consistent with all other program.
 All of the icons used in the program should be consistent throughout the program and
unambiguous.
 The user interface should follow Microsoft standards because of its familiarity.
 The caption and the test of user interface should be self descriptive and clear to
understand.
 The user interface should be easy to understand.
 The user interface should be customized.
 The user interface should be designed in the way that they can be extended easily to
support localization.

HOME PAGE

Voter Login Page Security page Log out

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Election Officer
Login Page Election Officer
Page

Election Registrar Login Page Election

Registrar Page

View Result Result Page

System Create Account

Administrator

View Profile

fig 1.3 User Interface

User Interface Description

1.Home Page

Description:- This user interface is a place where Online Voting are viewed and links for
related topics (websites) are also mentioned in this user interface.

2.Login Page
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Description:- This page is the most important and key user interface to the system. It is a place
where the system users (voters, Election Offices, Election Registrar, administrators) get access to
the system by entering their user name and password. A user must provide a valid user id and
password to access the next user interfaces.

3.Voter

Description:-This User interface is used to vote the candidates by using his encrypted code and
user name.

4.Election Officer

Description:- This User interface is used for the Election Officer's can login to the system and
register the candidates.

5. Election Registrar

Description: - This User interface is used for the Election Registrar's can login into the system
and register the voters.

6. View Result

Description:-This User interface is used to view the result that can generate by the Election
Officer.

7. System Administrator

Description: - this interfaces used for Administrator only to Add, delete, and change data and
user account.

8. Create Account

Description: - This interface allows the administrator to add workers name, id, and password to
the workers list of the system.

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9. View Profile

Description: - This interface used for the voter that can view the profile of the candidates.

3.5 Hardware/Software requirement

our proposed system also has hardware/software requirements. Some of hardware

requirements are:-

1. Server:-since we have online application the system should share a server keeping database.
Thus the minimum requirements for the server are:-

2.At least one printer for printing the report.

3. Output device:-

 HP laser jet 4200 printer.

 Monitor –with highest resolution

4.External Device:-

 Flush disc 1-16 GB

 Compactable CD-ROOM 700 MB
 External hard disc 300 GB

Software requirements

 Window XP or later OS: - this is the OS that installed on the client computer which
enable to join the domain of the network.
 Window server 2003 or later NOS: - the network OS installed on the server computer
and it manages the domain.

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 Microsoft SQL server 2005:- this is the DBMS where all the data of the system is
hosted.
 Visual Basics (ASP.NET, C#):- this program is help to develop the system.

 UML 2.0 designer (Visio):-to design and modeling the system

3.6 Security and Safety Procedure

The new proposed system provides security to prevent unauthorized modification of
records, the new database must have a solid security system to control the activities that can be
performed by the users and determine which information can be viewed and modified and also
the security system encores the protection of data regardless of new users gain access to the
database.

In general, the system:-

 Prevented from unauthorized users by requesting valid user name and password.
 Permits access privilege for each user in the system.
 Permits the restriction of specific functions to specific users.
 Generate warning messages for every invalid input.
 Permits the administrator to perform all tasks.
 Secure every document in order to be used in the future.

4. System Modeling using OO Paradigm

4.1 Introduction
This chapter deals with analyzing the proposed system by using case diagrams, the use case
descriptions (scenarios), sequence diagrams, and activity diagrams

After identifying the actors and use cases, the use cases are developed and textual
descriptions (scenarios) are stated. The Sequence diagram id depicted based on the use cases

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which are developed for the proposed system. Activities will be represented by the activity
diagrams.

4.2 Use Case Diagram

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Fig 1.4 Use case diagram of the system

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4.3 Use Case Description

Use case name: Login
Use case id: UI-1
Description: this use case allows to login into the system
Actors: Administrator, voter, Registrar, Election Officer.
Precondition: The actors should activate the system.

Basic course of action:

1. the actor instantiate login page
2. Login page will be activate
3. actor enter user name and password and clicks login button
4. system checks the validity of the provided information
5. if the user ID and password are valid, the actors will be logged on to the system
6. Confirmation message will be. displayed
7. Workers home form displayed.

Post condition: the actor should log on successfully.

Alternative course of action:

1. actor enter user name and password and clicks login button
2. system checks the validity of the provided information
3. If the user ID and password are invalid.
4. The system displays “error message”.
5. The system asked to re-enter user name and password.

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2. Use case name: Cast Vote

Use case id: UI-2
Actor: Voter
Description: This use case is initiated by the voter. This use case will enable the voter to
cast one’s vote. It provides the capability to the system to process the voter’s ballot.

Pre-condition: The voter must have valid user id.

Basic course of Action:-

 This use case begins when the voters select cast vote from main page.

 The system shall display the well come page.

 The voter will insert his/her id number and encrypted code.

 The system shall check the id number and encrypted code with the existing id number
and encrypted code.

 The system will open.

Post-condition: The voter can vote one candidate.

3. Use case name: View Result

Use case id: UI-3

Actor: Voter, Election Registrar, Election Officer.
Description: This use case is initiated by the voters, Election Registrar, Election Officer.
It provides the capability to the system to perform the counting of ballots polled for each
candidate and announces the election results.
Pre-condition: Ballot information should be secured before the counting.

Basic course of Action:-

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The Use Case begins when the voter, Election Registrar, Election Officer sends
request to view the result.

Post-condition: Must report the result to the voters, Election Registrar, Election Officer.

4. Use case name: Voter Register

Use case id: UC-4
Actor: Election Registrar
Description: this use case is initiated by the Election Registrar. It provides to register
voter.
Pre-condition: The Election Registrar must log on the system.

Basic course of Action:-

1. The Election Registrar must activate the system.
2. The Election Registrar fills user name and password on the login page.

3. The system shall check the user name and password with the existing user name and
password.
4. The system will open the register page.
5. The Election Registrar will be registering the voter.
6. The Election Registrar click the save button.

Post-condition: The Election Registrar register the voter.

5. Use case name: Create Account

use case id:UC-5

Actor: System Administrator

Description: this use case is initiated by the System Administrator. It provides to Create
Account.

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Pre-condition: The System Administrator must log on the system.

Basic course of Action:-

1. The administrator selects Create account from account menu.

2. Create new account user interface displayed.
3. The administrator insert account name, password.
4. Click of create account button.
5. New account created message displayed to the administrator.
Post-condition: System Administrator Creates Account.

6. Use case name: Candidate Register

Use case id:UC-6
Actor: Election Officer
Description: this use case is initiated by the Election Officer. It provides to register
candidates.
Pre-condition: The Election Officer must log on the system.

Basic course of Action:-

7. the Election Officer must activate the system.
8. The Election Officer fill user name and password on the login page.

9. The system shall check the user name and password with the existing user name and
password.
10. The system will open the register page.
11. The Election Officer will be register the voter.
12. The Election Officer click the save button.

Post-condition: The Election Officer register the candidates.

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7. Use case name: Generate Result

Use case id: UI-7
Actor: Election Officer
Description: this use case is initiated by the Election Officer. It provides to generate result.
Pre-condition: The Election Officer must log on the system.

Basic course of Action:-

1. The Election Officer must activate the system.

2. the Election Officer select result form from Report menu
3. result form menu interface displayed.
4. The Election Officer can Generate the result from the page.

Post-condition: The Election Officer generate result that the system can count the casting vote.

8. Use case name: View Profile

Use case id: UI-8

Actor: Voter, Election Registrar, Election Officer.
Description: This use case is initiated by the voters, Election Registrar, Election Officer.
It provides the capability to the system to View each candidates.
Pre-condition: The Actors must activate the system.
Basic course of Action:-
The Use Case begins when the voter, Election Registrar, Election Officer sends
request to view the Profile.

Post-condition: Must report the Profile to the voters, Election Registrar, Election Officer.

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4.4 Object model

4.5 Sequence diagram

fig 1.5 Sequence Diagram for Cast Vote.

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fig 1.6 Sequence diagram for Register candidates

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fig 1.7 Sequence diagram for Create Account.

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fig 1.8 sequence diagram for generate result.

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fig 1.9 sequence diagram for register voters.

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fig 1.10 sequence diagram for view result initiated by the voter.

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4.6 Activity Diagram

fig 1.11 Activity diagram for tasks of System Administrator

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fig 1.12 Activity diagram for Voter.

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fig 1.13 activity diagram tasks for Election officer

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fig 1.14 Activity diagram for Election Registrar.

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fig 1.15 Activity diagram for view result.

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GROUP NAME ID NO

1.NEGA TEGEGN ...........................................................R\1847\03

2.RAHEL WONDIMU ....................................................R\1848\03

3.SAMUEL MEKURIA ...................................................R\1849\03

4.SURAFEL TEFERA .....................................................R\1854\03

..............................END...........................................
.................................YEAR 2014...............................

THANK YOU!!!

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