Scribd
Upload
7 views2 pages

Urine Examination

The document outlines the procedures and observations for various urine examinations, including physical and chemical tests for proteins, sugars, ketones, bile pigments, bile salts, and blood. Each test includes a principle, procedure, and expected observations to identify the presence of specific substances in urine. The results are reported through visual changes such as color precipitates or rings formed during the tests.

Uploaded by

kingjoel2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views2 pages

Urine Examination

The document outlines the procedures and observations for various urine examinations, including physical and chemical tests for proteins, sugars, ketones, bile pigments, bile salts, and blood. Each test includes a principle, procedure, and expected observations to identify the presence of specific substances in urine. The results are reported through visual changes such as color precipitates or rings formed during the tests.

Uploaded by

kingjoel2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Urine examination

Physical examination
Volume. ml
Color straw coloured
Transparency clear
Odor nil
PH reaction acidic/ alkaline
Specific gravity 1.020

Chemical examination

PRINCIPLE PROCEDURE OBSERVATION


Test for proteins: Heat and A test tube is filled 2/3 with Coagulum is formed in the
acetic acid test. clear urine. The upper portion upper part of the test tube.
is boiled over the flame. The Precipitate due to
Proteins get precipitated lower part acts as control. If phosphates, disappears on
when boiled in an acidic coagulum forms a few drops adding acetic acid
solution. of 10% acetic acid are added
again.

Test for sugars: Benedict Take 5 ml of Benedict's The result is reported in


test. reagent in a test tube. Add 8 grades
Cupric ion in copper sulphate drops of urine. Mix well and 1+ Green precipitate
is reduced by glucose to boil over a flame for 2 2+ Yellow precipitate
cuprous oxide and a coloured minutes. Allow to cool and 3+ Orange precipitate
precipitate is formed note the colour change. 4+ Brick red precipitate

Test for Ketones: Rothera Take five ml of urine in a test Appearance of purple ring at
Test tube and saturate with the junction of two layers
Ketone bodies combine with ammonium sulphate salt.
alkaline Solution of sodium Add a crystal of sodium
nitroprusside to form purple nitroprusside and mix.
complex. Add Liquor ammonia slowly
along the side of the test tube

Test for Bile pigments: To 1 ml of urine carefully add Appearance of green ring at
Smith's Test 1ml of Smith’s reagent the junction of the two layers
Bilirubin produces a colour (alcoholic tincture iodine
reaction on contact with mixture) so that it forms a
iodine in alcohol layer over the urine

Test for Bile salts:Hay's Take 5 ml of urine in a test Sulphur sinks in urine
Test tube tube and 5 ml of water in containing bile salts but floats
another test tube. Sprinkle in the control .
Bile salts if present lower the sulphur powder on the
surface tension of urine surface.

Test for blood: Benzidine Take 1 ml of saturated Appearance of green or blue


test solution of benzidine in color.
Heme proteins in hemoglobin glacial acetic acid. Mix with 1
act as peroxidase which ml of hydrogen peroxide
reduces hydrogen peroxide solution in a test tube. Add 2
to water with oxidation of ml of urine.
benzidine leading to
development of color

You might also like