Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Subject Title MICROWAVES AND ANTENNAS
Subject Code BEC701 CIE Marks 50
Number of Lecture Hrs / 03+02(tutorial) SEE Marks 50
Week
Total Number of Lecture 40(08Hrs/Module) Exam Hours 03
Hrs CREDITS – 04
FACULTY DETAILS:
Name: Prof. S.S. Kamate Designation: Asst. Professor Experience: 22 years
No. of times course taught:01(including Present) Specialization: M. Tech.(Digital Electronics)
1.0 Prerequisite Subjects:
Sl. No Branch Semester Subject
01 ECE V Electromagnetic Waves
02 ECE IV Principles of Communication Systems
2.0 Course Objectives
The course objective is to make students of ECE branch of engineering to understand the fundamentals of
Microwaves and Antennas for Communication Engineering Applications.
3.0 Course Outcomes
Having successfully completed this course, the student will be able to
RBT
Course Outcome PO’s
Level
C401. Describe the use and advantages of microwave L1, L2, L3 1,2,3,10,12
1 transmission
C401.2 Analyze various parameters related to transmission lines. L1, L2, L3 1,2,3,10,12
C401.3 Identify microwave devices for several applications L1, L2, L3 1,2,3,10,12
C401.4 Analyze various antenna parameters and their significance
L1, L2, L3 1,2,3,10,12
in building the RF system
C401.5 Identify various antenna configurations for suitable
L1, L2, L3 1,2,3,10,12
applications
Total Hours of instruction 50
4.0 Course Content
Bloom’s
Teachin
Taxonom
g
Modules Hours
y
(RBT)
level
Module 1 08 L1, L2,
L3
Microwave Sources: Introduction, Gunn Diode (Text2:7.1,7.1.1,7.1.2)
Microwave transmission lines: Microwave frequencies, Microwave
devices, Microwave systems. Transmission line equations and solutions,
Reflection Coefficient and Transmission Coefficient.
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Standing wave and standing wave ratio. Smith chart, Single stub
matching. Text 2: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6 (except double stub
matching)
Module -2
Microwave Network Theory: Introduction, S matrix representation of
multi-port networks (Text1: 6.1, 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2)
L1, L2,
Microwave passive devices: Coaxial connectors and Adapters, 08
L3
Attenuators, Phase shifters, waveguide Tees, Magic Tee, Circulator,
Isolator. (Text1:6.4.2,6.4.14,6.4.15,6.4.16,6.4.17A, B)
Module-3
Strip Lines: Introduction, Microstrip lines, Parallel Striplines
(Text2:11.1,11.2)
Antenna Basics: Introduction, Basic Antenna Parameters, Patterns, Beam L1, L2,
08
Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam efficiency, Directivity and Gain, Antenna L3
Aperture Effective height, Bandwidth, Radio communication Link,
Antenna Field Zones (Text3:2.1-2.7,2.9-2.11,2.13).
Module-4
Point sourcesandarrays: Introduction, Point Sources, Power patterns,
Power theorem, Radiation Intensity, Arrays of 2 isotropic point sources,
Pattern multiplication, Linear arrays of n Isotropic sources of equal
L1, L2,
amplitude and Spacing. (Text 3: 5.1-5.6, 5.9, 5.13) 08
L3
ElectricDipole: Introduction, Short Electric dipole, Field s of a short
dipole. Radiation resistance of a short dipole. Thin linear antenna (field
analysis). (Text3: 6.1-6.5)
Module-5
Loop and Horn antenna: Introduction: Small loop, Comparison of far
fields of small loops and short dipole. Radiation resistance of small
loop, Horn Antennas, Rectangular antennas. (Text 3: 7.1,7.2, 7.4, 7.6, L1, L2,
08
7.7, 7.8, 7.19, 7.20) L3
AntennaTypes:Yagi Uda array, Parabolic Reflector, Microstrip Antennas,
Features of Microstrip Antennas (Text3:8.8,9.5,14.1,14.2)
5.0 Gap Analysis and Mitigation
Sl. No Delivery Type Details
01 Tutorial Topic: Antenna Simulation using Software’s
6.0 Books Used and Recommended to Students
Text Books
1. Microwave Engineering-Annapurna Das, Sisir KDas ,TMH Publication, 2nd Edition, 2010.
2. Microwave Devices and Circuits–Samuel YLiao, Pearson Education.
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
3.Antennas and Wave Propagation-
John D Krauss, Ronald J Marhefka, Ahmad S Khan,4th Edition, McGraw Hill Education,2013
Reference Books
1. Microwave Engineering –David M Pozar ,John Wiley India Pvt Ltd, PvtL td.,
3rdedition,2008.
2. Microwave Engineering- Sushrut Das, Oxford Higher Education, 2nd Edn,2015.
3. Antennas and Wave Propagation – Harish and Sachidananda, Oxford University
Press,2007
Relevant Websites (Reputed Universities and Others) for
7.0
Notes/Animation/Videos Recommended
Website and Internet Contents References
1) nptel.ac.in
2) VTU e-learning notes
8.0 Magazines/Journals Used and Recommended to Students
Sl. No Magazines/Journals website
1 Microwave Devices www.ieee.org
9.0 Examination Note
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weight age of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam
(SEE) is 50%. The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20
marks out of 50) and for the SEE minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18
out of 50 marks). The student is declared as a pass in the course if he/she secures a minimum
of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and
SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together. The IPCC means the practical portion
integrated with the theory of the course. CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks
and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
CIE for the theory component of the IPCC
25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests
(Two Tests, each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for
other assessment methods mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50%
coverage of the syllabus and the second test after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
• Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE
marks for the theory component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks). • The student has to secure
40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
• 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for
the test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
• On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including
viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
• The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous
evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all
experiments’ write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
• The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted for
50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
• Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.
• The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers
for the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored by the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will
have a CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the
practical component. •
The minimum marks to be secured in CIE to appear for SEE shall be 10 (40% of maximum marks-25) in
the theory component and 10 (40% of maximum marks -25) in the practical component. The laboratory
component of the IPCC shall be for CIE only. However, in SEE, the questions from the laboratory
component shall be included. The maximum of 04/05 subquestions are to be set from the practical
component of IPCC, the total marks of all questions should not be more than 20 marks. @#Nov2024 IPCC
(4 credits) template 5 • SEE will be conducted for 100 marks and students shall secure 35% of the
maximum marks to qualify for the SEE. Marks secured will be scaled down to 50. • The student is
declared as a pass in the course if he/she secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total
of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.
10.0 Course Delivery Plan
Modul Lectur Content of Lecture % of
e No. e No. Portio
n
1 Introduction,
2 Gunn Diode
3 Gunn Diode
4 Microwave frequencies,.
5 Microwave devices, Microwave systems
1 20
6 Transmission line equations and solutions,
7 Reflection Coefficient and Transmission Coefficient.
8 Standing wave and standing wave ratio.
9 Smith chart, Single stub matching
10 Problems
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
11 Introduction, S matrix representation of multi-port networks
(Text1: 6.1, 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2)
12 S matrix representation of multi-port networks (Text1: 6.1, 6.3,
6.3.1, 6.3.2)
2 40
13 Coaxial connectors
14 Adapters, Attenuators
15 Phase shifters
16 waveguide Tees
17 H-Plane Tee
18 Magic Tees
19 Magic Tee, Circulator, Isolator
20 Strip Lines-Introduction
21 Micro-strip Lines
22 Parallel Strip Lines
23 Problems
24 Antenna Basics 60
25 Antenna Apertures
3 26 Radio Communication Links
27 Antenna Zones
28 Numerical Problems
29 Point Sources-Introduction
30 Power Pattern and Power Theorem
31 Field Patterns and Phase Patterns
32 Pattern Multiplication
4 33 Linear arrays of n Isotropic sources of equal amplitude and
Spacing 80
34 Short Electric dipole
35 Fields of a short dipole
36 Radiation resistance of a short dipole
37 Thin linear antenna
39 Introduction: Small loop,
40 Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole.
41 Radiation resistance of small loop
5 43 Horn Antennas
44 Rectangular antennas
45 Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole. 100
11.0 QUESTION BANK
Module – 1
1. Explain Gunn diode.
2. Explain microwave system with neat diagram
3. List four applications of transmission line
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
4. Draw the elementary section of transmission line and determine the transmission line equations
in general form. or
5. Derive the Voltage and Current equations for a general transmission line.
6. A transmission line has following parameters:
R=2Ω/m G=0.5mƱ/m f=1GHz
L=8 nH/m C=0.23pF.
Calculate a) Characteristic impedance b) Propogation constant
7. Explain Standing wave ratio of transmission line with relevant equations and sketches.
8. Explain the relation between the reflection coefficient and SWR with the curve.
9. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50+j0.01Ω & is terminated in a load
impedance of 73-j42.5Ω.Calculate
a) Reflection coefficient b) Standing Wave ratio
10. Explain the construction and working of Smith Chart.
11. Explain steps involved in finding Vmax, Vmin, SWR from the smith chart
12. Explain single stub matching process with the help of smith chart with necessary steps
13. Explain different methods of impedance matching foe a transmission line.
Module-2
1. Explain the need of S- parameters
2. Show that impedance and admittance matrices are same for reciprocal network.
3. Explain the Scattering matrix and Scattering Parameters.
4. Explain S matrix representation of multi-port networks.
5. Explain the properties of S-Parameters
6. Two transmission lines of characteristic impedance Z 1& Z2 are joined at plane PP’.
Express S-parameters in terms of impedance.
7. What are Multi-Port network? Derive the ‘S’ matrix.
8. Explain the coaxial connectors and adapters.
9. Explain Attenuator.
10. Explain precision type variable attenuator.
11. Explain the working of phase shifter s and variable phase shifter s with relevant sketches.
12.Explain Magic –T and obtain it’s S-Matrix for both the planes
13. Explain the construction and working of Circulator and Isolator.
14.Draw the construction of E-Plane and H-Plane tee and derive the ‘S’ matrix for both.
A 20mW signal is fed into one of collinear port 1 of a lossless H-plane T-junction. Calculate the
power delivered through each port when other ports are terminated in matched load
15.Explain the need of S- parameters
Module-3
1.Explain the construction and field pattern of micro-strip line.
2.Derive expression for characteristic impedance of micro-strip line.
3.Explain Parallel Strip Lines with neat diagram. `
4.Explain the losses in micro strip lines.
5.Explain ohmic skin losses and radiation losses in micro-strip lines.
6. Define Antenna.
7.Write a note on antenna field zones.
2
8. An antenna has field pattern given by E(θ)= cos θ for 0≤ θ≤∏/2. Find the beam area and
directivity.
9. Explain various terms related to antenna
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
a) beam width b)Radiation pattern c) directivity d) Gain & efficiency.
10. The effective apertures of transmitting and receiving antennas in a communication system are
2 2
8λ and 12λ respectively. With a separation of 1.5km between them. The EM wave travelling
with frequency of 6MHz and the total input power is 25KW. Find the power received by the
antenna.
11. Draw a radio link & explain various blocks.
Module -4
1.Derive an expression and draw field pattern for an array of 2 isotropic point sources with same
amplitude and phase spaced λ/2 apart.
2.Show that the radiation resistance of dipole antenna is 73ohm.
3. A source has cosine intensity radiation pattern given by U= Umcosθ for 0≤ θ≤ ∏/2 and
0≤Ø≤ 2∏. Find the total power directivity.
4.Derive an expression for the far field components of short Electric dipole.
5.Explain the principle of pattern multiplication with an example.
6.Define power theorem.
7.Obtain the field pattern for a linear uniform array of isotropic antennas, satisfy the following n=5,
d=λ/2, δ= -dr.
8. Explain Thin Linear Antenna.
Module -5
1.Write short notes on
i) Yagi uda array antenna ii) parabolic reflector
2. Derive the expression for strength Eθ and HØ in case of small loop.
3.Explain the working and design considerations of Helical antenna.
4.A 16 turn helical beam antenna has a circumference of λ and turn spacing λ/4. Find i) HPBW
ii) axial ratio iii) directivity.
5.Obtain the expression for radiation resistance of small loop antenna
6.Compare thefields of small loop and short electric dipole
7.Draw the structure of pyramidal horn antenna.
12.0 University Result
Examination FCD FC Pass AB % Passing
New subject -- -- -- -- --
Prepared by Checked by
Prof. S. S. Kamate Prof. S. S. Malaj HOD Principal
PRACTICAL COMPONENT OF IPCC
Sl.No Experiments
1 Study of characteristics of Magic Tee
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Course Plan 2025-26 Odd – Semester -7th
Electronics and Communication Engineering
2 Coupling and Isolation characteristics of microstrip directional coupler.
3 Determination of power division of microstrip power divider.
4 Determination of resonance characteristics of microstrip ring resonator and computation of dielectric
constant of the substrate.
5 Measurement of frequency,guide wavelength ,power and attenuation in a microwave Test bench.
6 Study of characteristics of of E plane Tee/H plane Tee.
7 To measure unknown impedance using Smith chart through test bench setup.
8 Measurement of VSWR and reflection coefficient and attenuation in a microwave test bench setup.
9 Obtain the radiation pattern of a Yagi-Uda Antenna array and calculate its directivity.
10 Calculate the aperture of a Diplole Antenna.
11 Obtain the near and far fields of a given antenna and compare the fields.
12 Obtain the bandwidth of a given Antenna.
Question Bank
Q1. What are microwaves.
Q2. What is Magic Tee.
Q3. Explain the coupling and Isolation characteristics of Microstrip directional coupler.
Q4. What is microstrip power divider.
Q5. What is ring resonator.Explain the computation of dielectric constant of the substrate.
Q6. Explain the measurement of frequency,guide wavelength ,power and attenuation in a microwave test
Bench.
Q7. Explain the study of characteristics of E plane Tee.
Q8. Define the following: 1) VSWR 2) Reflection Coefficient
Q9. Define the following 1) Antenna 2) Bandwidth 3) Dipole Antenna 4) Directivity
Q10. List the types of Different Antenna.
Q11. Define Yagi-Uda Antenna.
Q12. Define Aperture of an antenna.
Q13. Define bandwidth of an antenna.
Q14.Define smith chart.
Prepared by Checked by
Prof.S.S.Malaj Prof.S.S.Kamate HOD Principal
9, 38, 47,43, 44, 33,46, 37, 14, 16
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