• Introduction
• 1G technology
• 2G technology
• 3G technology
• 4G technology
• 5G technology
WHAT IS A MOBILE ?
• A mobile is a portable telephone that does not use a
wired connection. It connects to a wireless carrier
network using waves.
520KHz-1605.5 KHz---radio stations as AM
87.5MHz-108MHz ---radio stations as FM
450-465MHz---UHF for mobile phones with
analog technology
890-960MHz, 1710-1880MHz---- digital GSM
2-40GHz---SHF , typically used for direct
microwave link
4-6GHz--- C band in Satellite
communication
WHAT IS MOBILE COMMUNICATION ?
• A wireless form of communication in which voice
and data information is emitted, transmitted and
received via microwaves.
• This type of communication allows individuals to
converse with one another or transmit data while
moving from one place to another.
• 1G refers to the first generation of wireless
telephone technology.
• Mobile telecommunication was first introduced in
1980s and completed in early 1990s.
• Data service almost non-existent.
• It allows the voice call in 1 country.
• 1G network use analog signal
DRAWBACKS:
• Poor voice quality
• Poor battery life
• Large phone size
• No security
• Limited capacity
• 2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is
based on GSM
• It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.
• 2G network use digital signals.
• It’s data speed was up to 64kbps
• It enables services such as text messages, picture
messages or multi media message
• It provides better quality and capacity.
• CDMA standard is used in North America in the
form of IS-95.
DRAWBACKS:
• These systems are unable to handle complex data
such as videos.
• 2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile
phones work. If there is no network coverage in any
specific area, digital signals would weak.
• 2.5G is a technology between the 2G and 3G
• 2.5G is sometimes described as 2G cellular
technology combined with GPRS
Features includes:
Phone calls
Send/receive E-mail messages
Camera phone
Speed: 64-144 Kbps.
• 3G technology refer to third generation which was
introduced in year 2006.
• Data transmission speed increased from
144kbps – 2 Mbps.
• Typically called smart phones
• Accommodate web based applications and audio
and video files.
FEATURES:
• Provides faster communication
• Send/receive large Email messages
• TV streaming/ mobile TV
• 11 sec – 1.5 min time to download a 3min MP3
song.
• 4G technology refer to fourth generation which was
started from 2011.
• Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.
• One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC:
Mobile multimedia
Any time anywhere
Global mobility support
Integrated wireless solution
Customized personal services
DRAWBACKES:
• Battery usage is more
• Hard to implement
• Need complicated hardware
• Expensive equipment required to implement next
generation network.
• 5G technology refer to fifth generation.
• Complete wireless communication with almost no
limitation.
BENEFITS:
• High speed, high capacity
• Faster data transmission that of the previous
generations.
• Support interactive multimedia, voice, streaming
video , internet
e
Generation Time Definition characteristics Speed
period
1G 1980-1990 Analog Voice only 14.4Kbps(peak)
2G 1990-2006 Digital narrow Data along 56Kbps to
band/packet data voice,MMS,web 115Kbps
browsing
3G 2006-2011 Digital broad band Universal access, 5.8Mbps to
packet data portability, video 14.4Mbps
calling
4G 2011- Digital broadband HD streaming. 100Mbps to
present packet very high Portability 1Gbps
throughput increased to
Worldwide roaming
