Report Writing Format

Reports can be academic, technical, or business-oriented, and feature recommendations for

specific actions. Reports are written to present facts about a situation, project, or process and
will define and analyze the issue at hand. Ultimately, the goal of a report is to relay observations
to a specific audience in a clear and concise style. Let's review the proper report writing format
so you can craft a professional finished product.

Preparation and Planning

First, you should take some time to prepare and plan for your report. Before you start writing,
identify the audience. Your report should be written and tailored to the readers' needs and
expectations. When planning, ask yourself several questions to better understand the goal of the
report. Some questions to consider include:

 Who are the readers?

 What is the purpose of the report?
 Why is this report needed?
 What information should be included in the report?

Once you identify the basics of your report, you can begin to collect supporting information, then
sort and evaluate that information. The next step is to organize your information and begin
putting it together in an outline. With proper planning, it will be easier to write your report and
stay organized.

Formatting the Report Elements

To keep your report organized and easy to understand, there is a certain format to follow. This
report writing format will make it easier for the reader to find what he is looking for. Remember
to write all the sections in plain English, except the body, which can be as technical as you need
it to be.

The main sections of a standard report are as follows.

Title

If the report is short, the front cover can include any information that you feel is necessary, such
as the author(s) and the date prepared. In a longer report, you may want to include a table of
contents and a definition of terms.

Summary

The summary consists of the major points, conclusions, and recommendations. It needs to be
short, as it is a general overview of the report. Some people will read the summary and only skim
the report, so make sure you include all of the relevant information. It would be best to write this
when the report is finished so you will include everything, even points that might be added at the
last minute.

Introduction

The first page of the report needs to have an introduction. Here you will explain the problem and
inform the reader why the report is being made. You need to give a definition of terms if you did
not include these in the title section, and explain how the details of the report are arranged.

Body

This is the main section of the report. The previous sections needed to be written in plain
English, but this section can include technical terms or jargon from your industry. There should
be several sections, each clearly labeled, making it easy for readers to find the information they
seek. Information in a report is usually arranged in order of importance with the most important
information coming first. Alternatively, you might choose to order your points by complexity or
time.

Discussion

If you wish, this optional section can be included at the end of the main body to go over your
findings and their significance.

Conclusion

This is where everything comes together. Keep this section free of jargon as many people will
just read the summary and conclusion.

Recommendations

This is where you discuss any actions that need to be taken. In plain English, explain your
recommendations, putting them in order of priority.

Appendices

This includes information that the experts in the field will read. It has all the technical details that
support your conclusions.

Report Presentation
 You will want to present your report in a simple and concise style that is easy to read and
navigate. Readers want to be able to look through a report and get to the information they need
as quickly as possible. That way the report has a greater impact on the reader.

There are simple formatting styles that can be used throughout your report that will make it easy
to read and look organized and presentable. For example:

 Font: Use just one font in your report. An easy-to-read font such as Arial or Times New Roman is best for
reports. Section headings can be a different font from the main text if you prefer.
 Lists: Use lists whenever appropriate to break information into easy-to-understand points. Lists can
either be numbered or bulleted.
 Headings and Subheadings: You can use headings and subheadings throughout your report to identify
the various topics and break the text into manageable chunks. These will help keep the report organized
and can be listed in the table of contents so they can be found quickly.

Report Writing Style

There are also some writing styles to consider:

 Keep It Simple. Don't try to impress; rather try to communicate. Keep sentences short and to the point.
Do not go into a lot of details unless it is needed. Make sure every word needs to be there, that it
contributes to the purpose of the report.
 Use the Active Voice. Active voice makes the writing move smoothly and easily. It also uses fewer words
than the passive voice and gives impact to the writing by emphasizing the person or thing responsible
for an action. For example: "Bad customer service decreases repeat business" is more concise and direct
than "Repeat business is decreased by bad customer service."
 Mind Your Grammar. Read the report aloud and have someone proofread it for you. Remember that
the computer cannot catch all the mistakes, especially with words like "red/read" or "there/their." You
may even want to wait a day after you write it to come back and look at it with fresh eyes.

Different Types of Reports

While the basics of any report are the same, there are notable differences between academic,
business, and technical reports.
 Academic Writing: The first thing to note is that academic writing is extremely formal. Typically, it
should be free of contractions and any sort of slang. It's also important, generally, to write in the third
person, eliminating pronouns like "I" and "we."
 Business Writing: Business writing will also take on a formal tone. However, it's allowed to be slightly
less buttoned up. The goal in a business report is to present new initiatives and "get things done." Here,
things like contractions would be permissible, along with ample imagery and data.
 Technical Writing: Technical reports focus on how to do something. While an academic or even a
business report will attempt to prove something, a technical report is more descriptive in nature. Also,
the report writing format for students and professionals may cite facts and statistics to make their case,
but technical reports are more likely to follow a logical, step-by-step approach.

First Impressions Count

Reports should be well-organized and easy to follow. To achieve this, following a structured
format will keep your writing on track. How a report is presented makes not only a lasting
impression but also makes the writer seem more credible and reliable.

A finishing touch to make a great impression on the reader is how you package the report.
Always print the final report on good quality paper. You may also want to consider placing the
report in a binder or folder. Remember, first impressions always count!