Ontology supported Ubiquitous IAS for Cloud

Computing using GPS Technique in Google

Android Platform
Harshavardhan B Mohan K
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
SIT Mangalore, Karnataka SIT Mangalore, Karnataka
Visvesvaraya Technological University Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belgaum Belgaum
e-mail: harshab028@gmail.com e-mail: hamohax@gmail.com

Abstract— Today’s mobile electronics are not just mobile Cloud Computing is a technique of internet (“cloud”) based
communication devices; they also change people’s lifestyles and development and use of computer technology. Furthermore;
create new cultures. Wherever users are located, the data can be how to construct an interaction diagram of cloud computing
found. Pervasive and ubiquitous computing (PUC) is the growing for extensively and seamlessly entering related web
trend towards embedding microprocessors in everyday objects so
information agent systems through modern mobile equipments
that they can exchange information. The words “pervasive” and
“ubiquitous” mean “existing everywhere.” This paper in ubiquitous environments is under investigation. In this
preliminarily proposed a new ubiquitous Information Agent paper, we preliminarily proposed a ubiquitous information
System (IAS) with the GPS technique in the Google android agent system with the GPS techniques in Cloud Computing
platform in Cloud Computing environments. The main objective environments. The agent employs the SPARQL (SPARQL
of a new ubiquitous IAS is to avoid numerous, jumbled, and Protocol and RDF Query Language) to transform user
incorrect information torrents that result in misunderstanding of commands into internal canonical format to conveniently
the information intention of users. The system prototype can also process those commands, which can avoid numerous,
reveal the feasibility of the system architecture proposed in this jumbled, and incorrect information intension of users. The
paper.
system prototype also reveals the feasibility of the system
architecture proposed in this paper.
Keywords- Ubiquitous information agent system; Cloud
Computing; GPS; Ontology
II. BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
I. INTRODUCTION
A. CLOUD COMPUTING
The vast amount of heterogeneous information sources is Cloud computing is an Internet-based delivery model for
available on the internet demands advanced solution for Information Technology (IT) services that enhances
acquiring, mediating, and maintaining relevant information for collaboration, agility, scalability, and availability. Cloud
the common user. The driving idea of information agents is the computing services are offered on a pay-as-you-go basis and
development and effective, efficient utilization of the assure considerable reduction in hardware and software
computational software entities, called intelligent information investment costs. In 2007, Google proposed the concept of
agents and their main task is to perform pro-active searches for, cloud computing that also start the huge business opportunity
to maintain, and to mediate relevant information to the user. of cloud computing, that includes the service models(Figure1)
Information agents are the software products for assisting and like IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a
guiding users to reach the goal of information retrieval. Most Service), and SaaS (Software as a Service).
of the Web information systems are closely related to the In a SaaS cloud, a given application running at a data
traditional information equipments that cannot directly apply to center is offered as service instances in real-time to several
the modern mobile equipments resulting from the core part of end-users or organizations on demand. Examples of the SaaS
information agent in ubiquitous environments. This study is paradigm include Google Apps, Microsoft Exchange, Cisco
focused on how to construct a ubiquitous interface agent with WebEx Weboffice, and Oracle CRM on Demand,
mobile equipments in ubiquitous environment. Ubiquitous SalesForse.com, and Yahoo Mail. The Google SaaS cloud
Computing is a post-desktop model of human-computer includes communication and collaboration applications for
interaction in which information processing has been end-users and organizations. Each tool is hosted by Google
thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities.
and offered on demand as service instances to multiple users. Computing is a post-desktop model of human-computer
Google Apps tools include Gmail, Google Maps and interaction in which information processing has been
presentations sharing; Google Groups for secure coding of thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. In
free Web pages for intranets etc. the human computer interaction literature the commonly used
PaaS is typically a suite of low-level software, which set of context information variables are locations, identity,
provides a platform for application-level development and using the free and open GPS signals. In this paper, we employ
deployment. It is offered as a service to developers to facilitate the GPS technique to provide the personal, localized, activity
the complete software life cycle without the need to purchase and time. Dey and Abowd call location identity, activity and
standard enterprise management tools and infrastructures (i.e., time as the “primary context types” [2]. The location refers to
platform virtualization). The low-level software may include geographical location of objects. For objects that are mobile
application software, middleware, databases, and development the location can be determined by “tracking” the object’s
tools. Developers interface with the platform through an API location using techniques such as GPS and mobile positioning.
and a specific language (e.g. Java, C#, or Python). Examples There is still a lack of ubiquitous research in software system
of PaaS offerings include Oracle Fusion Middleware, Google applications. This is an influential and significant study related
AppEngine, Amazon Web Services, Facebook, and Microsoft to web information systems.
Azure.
C. ONTOLOGY
IaaS provides end-users and organizations with a suite of
virtual hardware and associated software as services over the Ontology was a theory in philosophy and primarily to
IaaS cloud. Typical virtual hardware includes servers, storage explore knowledge characteristics of a life and real objects.
systems, routers, and switches. Examples of IaaS offerings Ontology defines a common vocabulary for researchers who
include IBM, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), need to share information in a domain. Sharing a common
Microsoft Azure, Rackspace Cloud, Telstra, and Sun. understanding of the structure of information among the
people or software agents is one of the common goals in
developing ontologies. For example: Medical Information,
suppose several different websites contain medical
information, or medical e-commerce services. If those
websites shares and publish the same underlying ontology of
the terms they all use, then software agents can extract and
aggregate information from those different sites and can use
this aggregated information to answer user queries.
In other words, Ontology is a formal explicit description of
concepts in a domain of disclosure(Classes), properties of
each concept describing various features and attributes of the
concept(Properties), and restrictions on slots(Facets/Distinct
feature). Some fundamental rules in ontology design to which
we will refer many times, they can help, however to make
design decisions in many cases are, There is no one correct
Figure1. Major Service models of Cloud Computing
way to model a domain-there are viable alternatives, the best
Cloud Computing still more achieves the concept of new solution always depends on the application that you have in
3C, i.e., Cloud Computing, Connecting, and Client Devices. In mind and the extension you anticipate. Ontology development
this paper, in cloud computing environment, the agent system is necessarily a iterative process. Concepts in the Ontology
is responsible for the role of client device; the GPS technique should be close to the objects (physical/logical) and
is responsible for position and connecting technologies, relationships in your domain of interest. We need to remember
respectively; finally, the backend system, Ontological that Ontology is a model of reality of the world and the
Database in cloud is responsible for the role of the provider of concepts in the ontology must reflect this reality. It provides
cloud computing. complete semantic models with sharing and reusing
characteristics; hence, ontology is a powerful tool to construct
B. UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
and maintain an information system.
The word Ubiquitous says that “existing or being
everywhere at the same time,” when applying this term into
technology, the term implies that technology is everywhere III. DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES
and we use it all the time. Mark Weiser coined the phrase
“ubiquitous computing” around 1988 and he is called as a A. Developing GPS with java in Android platform
father of Ubiquitous Computing, during his tenure as Chief The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a network of
Technologist of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre. This satellites that continuously transmit coded information, which
concept pointed out that the third-wave revolution of can make it possible to precisely identify locations on the
computers was already coming. Computers will exist in our Earth by measuring distance from the satellites and
lives in hidden, popularized, and ubiquitous ways. Ubiquitous accordingly provide reliable positioning, navigation, and
timing services to worldwide users that can perform their Now open your main.xml file and place the API key as a
work more efficiently, safely, economically, and accurately value to “android: apikey” to get Google Map on your
using the free and open GPS signals [3]. In this paper, we application.
employ the GPS technique to provide the personal, localized,
B. Google App Engine
and cloud computing information services with the backend
information system in ubiquitous environments. Google App Engine is a cloud computing infrastructure
Android employed the specific Java defined by Google to offered by Google for creating and running web applications.
write programs. When the developers used the Google Map, Currently Google App Engine supports python and java
they need to go through the MD5 fingerprint. based-applications. App Engine uses the Jetty servlet
container to host applications and supports the Java Servlet
API in version 2.4. It provides access to databases via Java
Data Objects and Java Persistence API. In the background
App Engine uses Google BigTable as the distributed storage
system for persisting application data. The App Engine
provides several services. For example, the Blobstore allows
uploading, storing and serving large data objects (blobs) with
a limit of 2 Gigabyte [6]. To create a blob you upload a file
via an HTTP request. The Eclipse plug-in allows running
applications for the Google App Engine locally in an
environment which simulates the environment on the App
Engine. You also have a local admin console which allows
you to see your local datastore, the taskqueue, inbound email
and XMPP traffic.
C. Ontology construction
Figure2. MD5 signature generation.
The Ontology construction tool, Protégé is a free open-
Now you need to get map key using MD5 fingerprint. Go source platform to construct domain models and knowledge
to Sign Up for Android Maps API and get your map key by based applications with ontologies [4]. Ontologies are now
giving your MD5 fingerprint. Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b) central to many applications such as scientific knowledge
illustrates getting a map key from the Google Authority by portals, information management and integration systems
providing MD5 fingerprint. electronic commerce and web services. There are two main
ways of modeling ontologies: Frame based and OWL. Each
has its own interface: Protégé Frame Editor- enables users to
build and populate ontologies that are frame-based, in
accordance with OKBC protocol. Protégé OWL Editor-
enables users to build ontology for the semantic web, in
particular to OWL.

IV. ARCHITECTURE OF THE UBIQUITOUS

INFORMATION AGENT SYSTEM
The system architecture of ubiquitous Information Agent
Figure 3(a). Providing MD5 to generate Map API Key. System (IAS) is diagrammatically represented in the figure 4.
As shown in the architecture, the information retrieval is
mainly based on the location based service (GPS) through a
mobile phone and a GPS interface.

Figure 3(b). Obtaining Map Key.

Figure 4. Architecture of ubiquitous IAS

 The information agent retrieves the required information the GPS system prototype.
from the ontological database with the help of SPARQL In summary, the execution steps of the ubiquitous
translator interface and returns the user specified information information agent system prototype with the GPS technique
thereby overcoming the information intension of the user. The in cloud computing environments is detailed as following:
process of information retrieval from ontology files by
information agent with the help of SPARQL is explained in
detail by taking restaurants information as an example.
Information retrieving component-IAS interact with the
ontological database (OWL) with the help of a query
processor and returns the available information, this is as
shown in the figure 5.

Figure 5. Information retrieving procedure

When the user clicks on particular restaurant then that
restaurant name (as mentioned in the Google map) as a
keyword is sent to the query processor from the extractor then Figure 6.Flow chart for GPS prototype Operation.
the query processor interacts with the ontological database
(OWL) and retrieves matched restaurant information using
SPARQL query. SPARQL is a query language for RDF; its
name acronym recursively stands for SPARQL Protocol And
RDF Query Language used to retrieve information from the
OWL. Jena is a java framework for building Semantic Web
applications. It provides a programmatic environment for
RDF, RDFS and OWL. Jena is a java framework for
manipulating ontologies defined in RDFS and OWL Lite. The
SPARQL query language for RDF [7] and the SPARQL
Protocol for RDF [8] are increasingly used as a standardized
query API for providing access to datasets on the public Web
and within enterprise settings.
In our case, the SPARQL Query takes restaurant name as a
parameter and returns the result. The retrieved result contains
the restaurant details like restaurant name, address, phone
number, payment type, food type, website etc. Query
processor takes restaurant name as an input and retrieves the
restaurant details from the OWL and returns it.

V. SYSTEM PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT

The system employs the GPS technique to develop an
information agent, the GPS development needs to install the
Eclipse with Java JDK 1.6.0 for retrieving the MD5 code
to get the corresponding API key. Figure 6 illustrates the
operating flowchart and Figure 7 demonstrates the result of Figure 7.Screens of Information Retrieval.
 1) Client device end: the user starts the GPS, and then [8] Kendall, G.C., Feigenbaum, L., Torres, E.(2008) “SPARQL Protocol
for RDF”, W3C Recommendation, Retrieved November 20, 2009,
the system executes the GPS functions like
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/
displaying the current location information. [9] J. Christensen, \Using RESTful web-services and cloud computing to
2) Connecting technology: the system sends the related create next generation mobile applications," in Proceeding of the 24th
information of step1 in the SPARQL format to the conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and
applications - OOPSLA '09. New York, New York: USA: ACM Press,
cloud computing provider for finishing the pre- 2009, p. 627.
process of the cloud computing, including internal
message processing, related recording and statistic
processing, corresponding decision making, etc.
3) Cloud Computing end: based on the information
of step 2, web application actively retrieves the
corresponding local or specific information with
t h e i r descriptions related to that position
information. Finally, it communicates the query
results to the client end through a series of
Request- Response manner in the Client-Server
mode.

VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an ontology-supported ubiquitous information
agent system and related interaction with web application in a
cloud computing environments was proposed, the construction
of OWL file using a freeware Protégé tool and a new
ubiquitous Information Agent System (IAS) with the GPS
technique in the Google android platform in Cloud Computing
environments are described. Ontology is a model of reality of
the world and the concepts in the ontology must reflect this
reality, Concepts in the Ontology should be close to the
objects. Hence ontology is best suited for developing semantic
web application and for retrieving information from the web.
The agent adopts the SPARQL to fast and precisely deal with
user query commands.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are really thankful to the Almighty. We are also
thankful to H.O.D Prof. Shivakumar G S, Dept. of Computer
Science and Engineering, SIT Mangalore, who helped us for
various researches in the project. We also convey our thanks
to all the staff members of SIT for helping in the project.

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