MINING- UNIT 5
Q) How are minerals formed?
Q) Write down the three methods of mining. Explain each.
Open- cast mining
Load the minerals in hauling trucks and wagons and transport them to coal mines etc.
- coal, copper, gold, iron etc.
Underground mining
Adit mining
Horizontal mining when seam is along the ridge or slope of a hill or mountain
Shaft mining
Q) Describe why these two types of mining are dangerous?
rom overhead
Q) Describe ways miners can be cautious/ can practice safety precautions
of toxic gases
Q) How does the mining industries help the economic development of the following?
Industrial sector, agricultural sector, balance of payments, employment, development of remote areas,
generation of electricity, increase in GDP.
Q) How do minerals help the economy of Pakistan?
increase in foreign exchange , also cuts down on imports
- limestone/ gypsum for cement
increases the standard of living
Rock salt:
Uses- cooking, preservation purposes, manufacture of soda ash, bleaching of textiles and tanning etc.
Location-
KPK- Bahuder Khel, Karak, Jaffar
Punjab- Khewra, Kalabagh
Limestone:
Uses- raw material for cement, manufacture of bleaching products, treatment of sugarcane waste,
aerates soil and treats salinity
Location:
Sindh: Murli Hills, Ganjo Takar, Kot Ranipur
Punjab: Zindapir, Daudkhel
KPK: Nowshera, Kohat
Balochistan: Mangopir and Harnai
Coal:
Uses- used in brick kilns, used to generate power
Location:
Sindh: Lakhra, Jhimpir and
Q) Why are cement industries located close to the limestone source?
Q) Why is the cement industry important for the development of Pakistan?
of construction timber and steel and iron so cement is basically
used
Q) What are the problems faced by the mining industry?
heavy reliance on multinationals
inery
foreign companies are reluctant to invest/ fear of terrorism
gement low standards of work quality
Q) Describe the Effects of mining on the environment
Alters the physical environment/ environmental degradation
scars on the landscape
aste is left behind flows into the water resources polluting the water
vibrations caused due to blasting techniques may drive out the wildlife
space
hazardous to health/ no safety precautions
fumes, poisonous compounds/methane gases, sulphur dioxide etc.
Q) What are the possible solutions to problems created by mining?
be planted
- protective masks should be provided
lled if any water source is near the mine
Q) What does sustainable mining mean?
Currents needs are met without comprising the amount of extinction of minerals for future
generations.
ation of science and technology (radars etc.)
Q) To what extent can more extraction of mineral resources help to increase development in
Pakistan?
In favour-
Increase foreign trade, foreign investment
Raise GDP
Increases employment/ skills can be developed
Rural development
Raw materials for industries
Better infrastructure- settlements/ transport links
More fuel/ power generation
Against-
Lack of funds/ financial resources
Lack of machinery and technology
Inconsistent government policies pose as unattractive to investors
Lack of infrastructure, transport links in remote areas / inaccessible mining sites
Competition with other countries
Lack of skills and expertise
