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LISTENING PART 1

Brian: Good morning. Island Transport company, this is Brian speaking.

Brian: The other option to consider is an E-Bike. These are very popular – like a normal bicycle, but with (1)
............................. to help you along.

Jenny: Morning. This is Jenny Cartwright here. I’m visiting the island next week and I want to hire some form of transport.

Brian: No problem, Jenny. Island Transport can offer a range of different vehicles to hire. So, um, the first option is a (2)
............................. – they’re very popular.

Jenny: Oh right. And how much do they cost to hire?

Brian: Well, you can hire them by the hour or by the day. Per hour, it’s $15.50.

Jenny: And what about for a day?

Brian: Daily, it’s $49.99. That includes a full tank of petrol, but you need to fill it up before you bring it back.

Jenny: Is a scooter a good way to get around the island?

Brian: Oh yes, it’s a lot of fun. Visitors really enjoy it.

Jenny: Do you provide (3) .............................?

Brian: Yes of course, all sizes. We can also let you have gloves as well – it’s not a bad idea.

Jenny: Oh yes, I hadn’t thought of that.

Brian: The only thing is with the scooters, you have to keep to (4)) .............................. That means you can’t ride on
Battenburg Road – so you can’t visit the far end of the island.

Jenny: Sorry, I didn’t catch the name of the road. Could you spell it?

Brian: Sure, it’s spelt: B-A-T-T-E-N-B-U-R-G. But there are still plenty of other places you can explore on a scooter.

Jenny: OK. And what about a car?

Brian: Yes, we’ve got a range of cars.

Jenny: Well, there’s four of us. But if we do go for the car option, we’d be happy with a very small, basic one.

Brian: An ‘economy car’ would be $87.80 per day. That’s for a four-door car, it can take five (5)..............................

Jenny: Right, OK.

Brian: And a car is the best way to see the whole island. You can drive on all the roads. And if you’d like to go for a swim,
you can drive right down to Green Bay, which visitors love.

Jenny: Well, a car is definitely something to consider. It’s certainly a good price, if we (6) ............................. it between the
four of us.

Brian: Exactly.

Jenny: Only thing is, it’s pretty hot at this time of year. Does the car have (7) .............................?

Brian: Not that model, no. You’d need one of our bigger cars if you want that.

Jenny: Well, maybe it doesn’t matter.

Jenny: How much are they?

Brian: Normally they’re $59 per day, but I can offer you a (8) ............................. at the moment of $52.20.

Jenny: Oh, OK.

Brian: To be honest, a lot of our customers these days prefer E-Bikes to motor scooters, because they’re so quiet and
peaceful. On some E-Bikes, the battery is really heavy, but on these bikes it’s nice and light.

Jenny: I’ve never ridden an E-Bike before. How difficult is it?

Brian: Not difficult at all. You’ll find they are very easy to handle. Like I say, just like a (9) ............................. really, but
you don’t have to do too much work. Which is a good thing because the island is quite hilly. These are good quality bikes
too. Well made with high quality brakes both front and back, so you won’t have any problems.

Jenny: Well, that does sound like a lot of fun. Do they come with GPS? Brian: No, but we can provide you with a map.

Jenny: What about a (10) .............................?

Brian: Yup, one of those as well, with each bike, so you can leave it securely if you want to.

Jenny: I think my friends will like the idea of an E-Bike. A good compromise.

Brian: Like I say, they’re very popular these days. And another big advantage is that you don’t have to have a (11)
............................. for this type of vehicle.

Jenny: Well, let me discuss it with my friends and I’ll get back to you. Brian: No problem. Thanks for your…

LISTENING PART 2

Man: Well, good morning everyone and welcome to this open day at the community garden. Our garden belongs to the local
community and, as you’ll see, what we grow here is mostly fruit, and different kinds of vegetables. First, I’ll tell you some
background information.

Well, recently we made an (12) ............................. at the garden. Before, we didn’t know much about the history of this site.
We only had a few documents and records. Then we found some (13)............................., like spades and forks, for digging.
They were buried in the earth. Experts say these are at least 1000 years old. So people have been using this land for growing
produce for a long time. There are some photographs of these implements in the club house, as well as a diagram of what
we think the garden might have looked like, if you want to look later.

So, why was this location so good for gardening? As you can see, we’re in a slight valley. And storms blow very hard up
this valley, which can be a problem. But being in a valley, we get good (14) ............................. here in winter, which
gardeners like because it kills the bugs. The great thing, though, is the stream that runs through the valley, so we can irrigate
the gardens even through long, dry summers.

Now what we do know is that in 1860, gardening stopped here. This was a time of (15)............................. in this area. And
on that date, the City Infirmary was constructed on this site, so this is where doctors and surgeons worked to take care of the
health needs of the growing population. Also, many new houses were put up for people who commuted into the city each
day to work. There was even talk of a new (16) ............................., although that never happened in the end.

Then in the 1980s, the old buildings here were removed. And this land again became a (17).............................. Today, these
gardens produce large quantities of fruit and vegetables. Each plot of land is worked by a volunteer member of the garden,
and they donate what they grow to families in this neighbourhood who are struggling financially. Occasionally we’re
approached by local businesses and restaurants wanting to buy our (18) ............................., but we just don’t have enough.
We also have a good relationship with the local college. In fact, several of the academics there are members of the garden.
Each week, undergraduates enrolled on the college’s (19)............................. course have a class here, to learn about their
subject first hand. And in future the college hopes to hold workshops here, to help local people establish vegetable gardens
at home.

Man: OK, now I’ll just point out a few places of interest around the gardens. So, can you all look at your maps please? OK,
so we’re now standing at the main entrance to the gardens, outside the club house.

So, you might be interested in our worm farms. This is where we make (20) .............................. To get there, from the main
entrance, head north. You’ll pass gardens on either side of the path. Just before the path curves round to the right, there’s a
turning on the left. Go down there and the worm farms are inside the first building you come to.

It’s also worth visiting our seed store. Again, head north and follow the path as it curves round to the right through the
gardens. You’ll come to the (21) .............................. Follow the path around the edge of the orchard – but don’t go too far.
The seed store is actually located inside the orchard – a very pretty spot.

Now the machinery shed might interest some of you. From the main entrance, just go into the car park and walk right to the
end. You’ll see a little path heading out to the west – it’s down there.

Our (22) ............................. are also pretty impressive. So, head north from the main entrance, go past the first gardens and
take the first turning on the left. Go to the end of that path. The compost heaps are built in the shape of a letter ‘U’.

The drying room is also interesting. This is where we dry fruit, to (23) ............................. it. To see how it’s done, walk up
through the gardens till you come to the orchard. Keep heading north and the drying room is right at the very end of that
path – as far as you can go.

Now one other thing I’ll mention…

LISTENING PART 3

Alya: Well, Jason, shall we do some planning for our (24) .............................?

Jason: Yeah, let’s compare the reading we’ve been doing. Did you read that article by Dr Franklin?

Alya: Yes, the use of games in therapy.

Jason: So, we’ll need to explain what kind of ‘therapy’ he’s talking about.

Alya: OK, so it’s treating people after accidents or illnesses – rebuilding their body strength.

Jason: Exactly. And Dr Franklin sees huge potential for games.

Alya: But he made the point that this isn’t new. Really, since the 1990s, (25) ............................. have been experimenting
with games.

Jason: Yeah, I agree, Dr Franklin illustrated that this has been going on for many years, it’s not a (26) ..............................

Alya: I was hoping he’d give some idea about how many health professionals now employ games in therapy.

Jason: He doesn’t really address that, does he?

Alya: OK, so, what’s the biggest advantage of games in therapy?

Jason: Well, most games are played in (27) .............................. So the patient is moving their arms and legs, exercising their
body.

Alya: So I guess it’s quite cheap, then?

Jason: Yeah, but so are (28) .............................. I don’t think that’s an issue.
Alya: No, OK. But I read that the games are really motivating. People are much more prepared to spend hours on (29)
............................., when a game’s involved.

Jason: I think you’re right. That’s the most important benefit. In fact, I read some people actually get so caught up in the
game they hurt themselves, and the therapists have to slow them down.

Alya: Then, did you read about the Singapore study?

Jason: Yeah, I started. They were (30) ............................. whether people actually made more friends by playing games,
right?

Alya: That’s right. They got a group of teenagers and over-60s together for 30 minutes a day playing video games.

Jason: But the subjects weren’t all in the same place. They were playing online.

Alya: No, they were all together in a room. That’s how the experiment was (31) ..............................

Jason: We should check, I’m sure it was online.

Alya: You’ll find I’m right. But anyway, the study found a real social benefit to game playing.

Jason: Mmm, interesting. So many people say that games are solitary.

Alya: Well, the Singapore study showed that players develop (32) ............................. for each other and bond over games.

Jason: A good point to make in the presentation. Then, I also had a look at the ‘anxiety study’.

Alya: I haven’t seen that one.

Jason: Well, they experimented with children waiting to see a doctor. Some were allowed to play games and some weren’t.

Alya: Was there a particular type of game?

Jason: Well, just simple ones on hand held devices. And they found that the children who played games experienced
considerably less stress and (33) .............................. Games distract the mind – that’s the theory.

Alya: Better for the children, but also better for the parents. That’s what I like about this.

Jason: Yeah good point – it reduces the stress for everybody. There just needs to be some additional research to support the
finding.

Alya: We should also mention the Rhode Island research.

Jason: Maybe. But the finding just (34) ............................. what’s been shown in earlier studies – that people can be
distracted from their bad habits, like eating junk food, or drinking (35)............................, by playing games.

Alya: But no-one had used MRI scans before. And the brain scans showed that games activate the same reward centres in
the brain as the drinks or junk food. This study has supplied (36)............................. as to why games work this way.

Jason: Actually, that’s a good point. And many people would probably like to know about that.

Alya: So, then in the presentation, we need some more research findings.

Jason: Well, I read an interesting study about (37) .............................. It was in the USA. And it found that surgeons perform
better when they play video games in their free time.

Alya: That makes sense. I mean, games are obviously going to improve hand to eye (38)..............................

Jason: Yeah, I guess it’s predictable. Still interesting, though.

Jason: That’s odd, though, isn’t it, because there are also studies showing a link between (40) ............................. and eye
damage.

Alya: Yeah, it’s certainly controversial.

Jason: I also read a study about sports. There’s a company that makes video games which are supposed to encourage
physical exercise. The idea is, you play the sport first in the game, and then you’re more likely to do it for real. And the
study, apparently, confirmed it.

Alya: Well, I doubt that’s really true.

Jason: I know. Seems highly unlikely to me. Maybe just a (41) ............................. by the company.

Alya: The study about ageing was a good one. Scientists in Germany found that games have a positive influence on older
people by keeping their brains active.

Jason: And that’s going to be more and more significant as the population ages. Good news for game manufacturers!

Alya: I also read that games can actually help your career. The problem solving, (42)............................. and leadership that
are developed in some games can actually make you more effective in the workplace.

Jason: And there’s been quite a lot of previous research to back that up, too. Interesting.

Alya: Then another…

LISTENING PART 4

Student: Hi everyone. Today I’m going to be talking about traditional Polynesian navigation and (43) ..............................
Now, in case you don’t know, the islands of Polynesia are in the Pacific Ocean and include Hawaii, Tahiti and Samoa.

All of these islands were originally uninhabited by humans. And for many years there was a debate about where the
Polynesian people had migrated from. It was once suggested that they came from the Americas. However, that debate has
been settled. Today, (44) ............................. recognise that the Polynesians began their journeys in Asia and from there
migrated eastwards to the Pacific islands. It’s believed all the Polynesian islands had been settled by the 13th century. When
European explorers arrived in the Pacific in the 17th and 18th centuries, they were impressed by the (45) ..............................
European ships were much stronger, but the (46) ............................. vessels were considerably faster when under sail.

What we now know is that Polynesians sailed across open ocean – out of sight of land – long before this occurred
elsewhere. And to make these voyages possible, they built remarkable ocean-going canoes. The canoes had two hulls – so
are sometimes called ‘catamarans’. They were equipped with large paddles, but these were not a form of
(47) .............................. Instead the paddles were positioned at the back of the canoe to make steering the vessel possible.

All these ocean-going canoes had sails. Polynesian sails were triangular in shape and made from the ‘pandanus’ plant,
which grows on nearly all Pacific islands. It was also necessary to make warm clothing, as even in tropical waters people
could get cold on long voyages. Materials like (48) ............................. and cotton were unknown to Polynesians. However,
the paper mulberry tree grows on most Pacific islands and its bark was remarkably flexible and was used in the manufacture
of clothing.

Next we come to the issue of (49) ............................. at sea. How did Polynesians find their way, once they were out of sight
of land? We know that they did not have the (50) ............................., which told other navigators which direction was north.
But the Polynesian navigators understood where numerous stars rose and set on the horizon. And using this, they could
identify 32 different directions. However, this information about the stars was extremely (51) ............................. and
therefore remembering it all was a challenge. So the navigators had created long and complicated songs to help them recall
all the information they needed.

Using the stars to navigate was effective – so long as the sky was clear. But when it was cloudy, the navigators couldn’t see
the stars. How did they find direction then? Well, they still knew which way to sail the canoe by studying the waves, which
usually came from (52) ............................. in the Pacific at different times of the year.

Sometimes they were sailing between islands they had visited before. But very often they were trying to find new islands.
How did they know that land was nearby, just over the horizon? Well, there were various (53) .............................. The
navigators were experts at recognising those particular birds whose habitat was the open ocean, and those that lived close to
islands. So this was one way they knew that land wasn’t far away. They were also skilled at noticing changes to the sea
itself. The temperature of the water is constant in that part of the Pacific but its colour could vary in the
(54) ............................. of land, and that was something else that they were able to detect.

Well, as technology developed, traditional voyaging all but died out. The Polynesian peoples travelled by steam ship and
later aeroplane, like everyone else. However, in recent history, there has been renewed interest in (55) .............................. It
began in 1976 when a new canoe named Hokule’a was built as a replica of traditional Polynesian vessels. This canoe was
sailed from Hawai’i to Tahiti, a distance of more than 4000 kilometres across open ocean. And all the navigation was done
using the techniques I’ve outlined today – the crew did not use modern (56)............................. on the voyage. Since then
there has been a remarkable (57) ............................. of traditional voyaging. Numerous canoes have been built in different
Polynesian countries, which have sailed to almost every part of the Pacific. And the Hokule’a has now completed a 3-year
(58)............................. of the world. As well as sailing, these voyages have (59) ............................. renewed interest among
Polynesians in learning about their traditional cultures. The canoes themselves operate as floating classrooms teaching
young people about, for example, the music their (60) ............................. once enjoyed. Another aspect of this has been the
teaching of Polynesian languages, some of which were in danger of dying out. Now one thing I’d like to add is…