Hernandez Gail Leslie P.
BSN 3-2
DRUG STUDY
NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSE
OF DRUG
Generic name: Therapeutic class: Binds on the benzodiazepine ⁻ Anxiety CNS: amnesia, Patient monitoring
Lorazepam Anxiolytic receptors in the post-synaptic ⁻ Insomnia agitation, ataxia, ⁻ During I.V.
GABA-A ligand-gated chloride ⁻ depression,
Pre-medication before administration, monitor
Brand name: Controlled channel in different sites of the surgery (as disorientation, ECG and
Ativan substance: central nervous system (CNS). ⁻ dizziness, drowsiness,
antianxiety agent, cardiovascular and
schedule IV This binding will result in an headache,
sedative-hypnotic, respiratory status.
increase on the GABA ⁻ or amnestic) incoordination, ⁻ Monitor vital signs
Pregnancy risk inhibitory effects which is ⁻ asthenia hypotension,
Status epilepticus closely.
category D translated as an increase in the bradycardia, ⁻ Evaluate for amnesia.
flow of chloride ions into the tachycardia, apnea, ⁻ Watch closely for CNS
AVAILABILITY cell causing hyperpolarization CONTRAINDICATION cardiac arrest, depression.
Injection: 2 mg/ml, 4 and stabilization of the cellular⁻ Hypersensitivity to cardiovascular ⁻ Institute safety
mg/ml plasma membrane. drug, other collapse precautions as needed
benzodiazepines, ⁻ to prevent injury.
Solution According to the binding site of polyethylene or EENT: blurred vision, ⁻ Monitor for signs and
(concentrated): 2 lorazepam, we can observe propylene glycol, or diplopia, nystagmus symptoms
mg/ml different activities as the benzyl alcohol ⁻ of overdose (such as
binding in the amygdala is ⁻ Acute angle-closure GI: nausea, abdominal confusion,
Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 known to help mainly in anxiety glaucoma discomfort Other: ⁻ hypotension, coma,
mg, 2 mg disorders while the binding in ⁻ Coma or CNS increased or decreased and labored
the cerebral cortex helps in depression appetite ⁻ breathing).
seizure disorders. ⁻ Hepatic or renal ⁻ Assess liver function
failure tests and CBC.
NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSE
OF DRUG ACTION
Generic name: Therapeutic class: Interfere with Schizophrenia in patients
CNS: sedation, drowsiness, Patient monitoring
Clozapine Antipsychotic agent dopamine binding in unresponsive to other dizziness, vertigo, headache, tremor, ⁻ Monitor WBC count
limbic system of therapies insomnia, disturbed sleep, weekly for first 6
Brand name: Pregnancy risk CNS, with high affinity nightmares, agitation, lethargy, months of therapy; if
Clozaril category B for dopamine4 fatigue, weakness, confusion, it’s
receptors. May anxiety, parkinsonism, slurred normal, WBC testing
antagonize adrenergic, speech, depression, restlessness, can be reduced
AVAILABILITY cholinergic, CONTRAINDICATION extrapyramidal reactions, tardive to every other week.
Tablets: 25 mg, 50 histaminergic, and ⁻ Hypersensitivity to dyskinesia, akathisia, syncope, Notify prescriber
mg, 100 mg, 200 mg serotonergic receptors drug neuroleptic malignant syndrome, immediately if WBC
⁻ Uncontrolled seizures autonomic disturbances, seizures count decreases
Tablets (orally ⁻ Severe CNS or agranulocytosis
disintegrating): 12.5 depression or coma CV: hypotension, tachycardia, ECG occurs.
mg, 25 mg, 100 m ⁻ Paralytic ileus, changes, chest pain, QT-interval ⁻ Monitor ECG and
myeloproliferative prolongation, myocarditis liver function test
disorders, history of results.
clozapine-induced EENT: blurred vision, dry eyes, ⁻ If drug must be
agranulocytosis or nasal congestion, sinusitis withdrawn abruptly,
severe monitor patient for
granulocytopenia GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, psychosis and
⁻ Concurrent use of dyspepsia, salivation, dry mouth, cholinergic rebound
drugs that cause anorexia (headache, nausea,
agranulocytosis or vomiting, diarrhea).
bone marrow GU: urinary retention, urinary ⁻ Continue to monitor
depression incontinence, urinary frequency and WBC count
urgency, inhibited ejaculation weekly for 4 weeks
after therapy ends.
Musculoskeletal: muscle spasms,
rigidity, back and muscle pain
NAME OF DRUG CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING RESPONSE
OF DRUG ACTION
Generic name: Therapeutic class: Produces anxiolytic ⁻ anxiety disorders CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, Patient monitoring
diazepam ⁻ Anxiolytic effect and CS ⁻ Before cardioversion depression, light-headedness, - Monitor vital signs and
⁻ Anti-convulsant depression by ⁻ Before endoscopy disorientation, anger, manic or respiratory and
Brand name: ⁻ sedative- stimulating gamma ⁻ Status epilepticus and hypomanic neurologic status.
Valium hypnotic aminobutyric acid severe recurrent episodes, restlessness, paresthesia, - Supervise ambulation,
⁻ skeletal muscle receptors. Relaxes convulsive seizures headache, slurred speech, dysarthria, especially in elderly
relaxant skeletal muscles of ⁻ Muscle spasm stupor, tremor, dystonia, vivid dreams, patients.
(centrally acting) spine by inhibiting associated with local extrapyramidal reactions, mild - Monitor CBC and
polysynaptic pathology, cerebral paradoxical excitation kidney and liver
Controlled afferent pathways. palsy, athetosis, function test results.
substance: schedule Controls seizures by “stiff-man” CV: bradycardia, tachycardia, - Avoid sudden drug
IV enhancing syndrome, or tetanus hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, withdrawal. Taper
presynaptic ⁻ Acute alcohol cardiovascular collapse dosage gradually to
Pregnancy risk inhibition. withdrawal termination of therapy
category: D EENT: blurred vision, diplopia,
nystagmus, nasal congestion Patient teaching
AVAILABILITY CONTRAINDICATION GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, - Inform patient he may
Injection: 5 mg/ml ⁻ Hypersensitivity to constipation, gastric disorders, take drug with or
drug, other difficulty without food;
Oral solution: 1 benzodiazepines, swallowing, increased salivation recommend taking it
mg/ml, 5 mg/5 ml alcohol, or tartrazine with food if it causes
⁻ Coma or CNS GU: urinary retention or incontinence, stomach upset.
Tablets: 2 mg, 5 mg, depression menstrual irregularities, gynecomastia, - Caution patient to
10 mg ⁻ Narrow-angle libido changes avoid driving and other
glaucoma Hematologic: blood dyscrasias hazardous activities
including eosinophilia, leukopenia, until he knows how
agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia drug affects
concentration and
Hepatic: hepatic dysfunction alertness.
Musculoskeletal: muscle rigidity, - Tell patient to notify
muscular disturbances prescriber immediately
if easy bruising or
Respiratory: respiratory depression bleeding occurs.
- Instruct patient to
Skin: dermatitis, rash, pruritus, move slowly when
urticaria, diaphoresis sitting up or standing,
to avoid dizziness from
blood pressure
decrease.
- Advise him to dangle
legs briefly before
getting out of bed.
- Advise patient not to
stop taking drug
abruptly.
- Advise patient to avoid
alcohol and other
depressants such as
sedatives while taking
drug.
- Tell female patient not
to take drug if she is
pregnant or plans to
breastfeed.
