2nd slide – (introduction) individual with disabilities deserved to be treated equally/ the same as

others.
3rd slide – 18th century The history of Special Education begins with the 18th
century. Before that time, persons with disabilities were not taken in
consideration, and were often mistaken as being possessed by evil powers,
cursed, or simply stupid (Blackhurst 13, 14). With the beginning of the 18th
century, and also of the period known as the Enlightenment, ideas about
education started to arise.

4th slide – jean jacques The Enlightenment period influenced Special

Education is many ways. To start, Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712- 1778)
publishes his Emile, a book about the education of children. According to
Rousseau, learning should happen in agreement with a child's cognitive
speed, with minimal outer stimuli from society, which is known for praising
social roles, and wealth. This idea of teaching children in their own pace set
the ground for many educators (Johnston).

5th slide – 1760 and 1784 •1760 - Chareles Michel L'Epe found the first public
school for people with disabilities in France. • 1784 - L'Epee's path and
Valentin Hauy founded the Institutional National des Jeunes Aveuges he first
school in the world for the education of blind people.

7th slide – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard: Developed methods for teaching
children with disabilities, proving they could learn and improve. (1775-1838),
a French physician who was an authority on diseases of the ear and on the
education of students who were deaf, is the person to whom most historians
trace the beginning of special education.
Edouard Seguin & Maria Montessori: Advocated that every child,
regardless of ability, could be educated. Itard's student Edouard Seguin
(1812-1880) designed teaching methods to improve the lives and
learning of individuals with cognitive disabilities and formed the basis
for the work of Maria Montessori (1870-1952). Both expressed the idea
that despite differences in intellectual capacity, every child can be
educated and can demonstrate some improvement in skills. Montessori
expanded her work into early childhood education. The continued
support of Montessori programs in the United States attests to the
strength and positive outcomes of her methods.

Samuel Gridley Howe: Pioneered teaching methods for blind and

cognitively disabled students; influenced programs like the Perkins
 School for the Blind. Besides his role in the foundation of the Perkins
School for the Blind in Massachusetts, he also developed educational
methods for work with the cognitively disabled.

6th slide – (19th century) Revolutionary for their time, these ideas supplied the
foundation for current special education techniques. These early educational
principles supported methods favored in current times: individualized
instruction based on the needs of the child; sequencing educational tasks
from the child's level to the more complex; providing stimulation through
sensory experiences as a basis for more advanced learning; structuring the
environment to optimize learning; provision of immediate reinforcement; and
concentration on life-skills training to create later self-sufficiency. It is ironic
that their early work indicated those practices educators and researchers are
still finding the most effective.

Sent

9th slide – habilitation Made to improve student skills Faded because it did not
demonstrate easy improvement

10th slide - The current educational system is facing challenges in ensuring

equity and allowing for differences. Despite these challenges, the system is
experiencing an exciting time with advancements in technology and
medicine, allowing for improved quality of life for women and minorities.
Inclusive education aims to provide a normalized educational experience for
all children with disabilities, involving full-time participation in regular
classrooms and supportive services. However, there are no blueprints for
successful inclusive programs due to varying variables such as
administrative support, parental involvement, and teacher skills. This book
aims to provide developing and practicing teachers with specific knowledge
to teach all children, focusing on strategies for teaching academic skills to
diverse groups of learners.

11th slide – (20th century) While the twentieth century brought a technological
model to general education (Tyack & Hansot, 1982), a more humane
approach re-emerged towards disabled citizens of all ages. The brutality and
lack of human dignity forced upon the individuals with disabilities were
tragically depicted in Blatt and Kaplan's brilliant pictorial essay, Christmas in
Purgatory (1966), in which undercover photographs showed a shocked public
audience the tortured lives of many in the institutionalized population.

● Shift from isolation in asylums to day-school programs for students

with disabilities.

● The rise of parent activism and advocacy influenced special education

laws.

● Landmark works like Christmas in Purgatory highlighted institutional

abuses, sparking reform.

12th slide - The development of parental involvement differed between general and special
education. For the able-bodied, as Tyack and Hansot (1982) note, "Education officials in the
early stages of school-building traveled about from community to community to energize the
local citizens" (p. 48). They created a mutual goal: "The best case for public education has
always been that it is a common good: that everyone, ultimately, has a stake in education*
It required parental activism supported by a core of concerned professionals to initiate
educational systems for students with disabilities. While parents of general education students
had been encouraged to participate in the growth of the students.
13th slide - 1902-Mr. Fred Atkison (General Superintendent of education) shows interest to
educate Filipino children with disabilities.
15h slide- 1907- Special education was formally establish through Insular School for the deaf and
blind in Manila
1926-Philippine Association for the Deaf was established
1956- Special Child Study Center (first school established for children with mental disabilities)
stabled through Ms. Amelita Lita Servando
1960- Special Education started to offered to some private college and universities
1983- Batas Pambansa enacted the accessibility law
16th slide - Development of Inclusive Education
● Early efforts were limited to visible disabilities, such as sensory or physical
impairments.
● Students with mild or learning disabilities were recognized later, often causing
debates over placement and support
17th slide – SPED in the Philippines stared in 1908 where the school for deaf
(in Harrison, Pasay city) was established and marked the official government
recognition of obligations
18th slide – five important historical events that occurred in education

1. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was replaced by the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990), which further
expanded on its provisions. IDEA required schools to create individualized
education plans (IEPs) for children with disabilities. It gave more extensive
safeguards and rights for kids with disabilities, ensuring the necessary due
process for special education.

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was replaced by the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990), which further
expanded on its provisions. IDEA required schools to create individualized
education plans (lEPs) for children with disabilities and gave more extensive
safeguards and rights for kids with disabilities.

3. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990) forbade discrimination

against people with disabilities in employment, public accommodations,
transportation, and daily life. This legislation allowed them equal access to
all facets of life, including school, which greatly impacted the education of
students with disabilities.

4. The No Child Left Behind Act (2001) mandated that all public schools
educate all pupils, including those with disabilities, by making "sufficient
yearly progress." This legislation has helped the requirement for
accountability in educating pupils with disabilities.

5. The Common Core State Criteria (2010): To ensure that all students are
prepared for college and the workforce, this project produced a set of
standards for what students should know and be able to do in math and
English language arts. To ensure that children with disabilities are included
and have access to the same challenging curriculum as their peers,
educators are no● 1958 PL 85-926: Grants for teacher training in
cognitive disabilities.

18th slide
● 1965 ESEA: Support for state-operated schools and private facilities.

● 1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act: Established

nondiscrimination rights for individuals with disabilities.
● 1974 PL 94-142: Required states to provide full education for children
with disabilities and established the IEP.

● 1990 ADA: Addressed workplace discrimination and accessibility for

adults.

● 1990 IDE w under greater pressure thanks to the Common Core.

19th slide – conclusion