Section 1: Bryophytes & Pteridophytes

1. Bryophytes are distinguished from vascular plants by the absence of:

A. Seeds B. Xylem and phloem C. Alternation of generations D. Spore formation

2. The dominant stage in bryophytes is the? A. Gametophyt B. Sporophyte C. Protonema D.

Rhizoids

3. Which structure anchors bryophytes to substrate? A. Rhizoid B. Root C. Stem D. Leaf

4. In mosses, the sporophyte is? A. Independent B. Photosynthetic

C. Dependent on gametophyte
D. Multicellular independent plant

5. Sorus, found on ferns, contains? A. Gametes B. Spores C. Roots D. Rhizoids

6. Pteridophytes possess true vascular tissues including? A. Only phloem B. Only xylem C. Both
xylem and phloem D. Neither

7. Fern gametophyte is called a? A. Prothallus B. Protonema C. Thallus D. Sorus

8. Which group demonstrates homospory?

A. Lycopodium B. Selaginella C. Ferns
D. Both A & C

9. Seta is part of? A. Bryophyte gametophyteB. Bryophyte sporophyte

C. Pteridophyte sporophyte D. Pteridophyte gametophyte

10. Rhizome is characteristic of? A. Moss B. Liverworts C. Ferns D. Hornworts

11. Lycophytes belong to which plant division? A. Bryophyta B. Pteridophyta

C. Pteridophyta (lycophytes subclass)
D. Chlorophyta

12. Fern leaves are called? A. Fronds B. Rhizoids C. Setae D. Sori

13. In pteridophytes, vascular bundles occur in? A. All parts B. Only roots C. Only leaves D.
Only stems

14. Bryophytes require water for fertilization because they? A. Have seeds
B. Have flagellated sperm C. Reproduce asexually D. Have vascular tissue
15. The capsule of moss contains? A. Gametes B. Spores C. Seta D. Protonema

16. Psilotum (whisk fern) lacks? A. Roots and leaves B. Vascular tissue C. Seta D. Stature

17. Horsetails (Equisetum) have jointed stems and? A. Rhizoids B. True leaves reduced to
microphylls C. Seeds D. Complex flowers

18. Which bryophyte group has sporophytes without stomata? A. Moss

B. Liverwort C. Hornwort D. None

19. The chlorophyll-containing stage in ferns is the? A. Sporophyte B. Gametophyte C.

Protonema
D. Capsule

20. Strobilus is found in? A. Fern B. Moss

C. Lycopodium D. Liverwort

Section 2. Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

1. Gymnosperms produce seeds that are:

A. Enclosed in fruits B. Naked on scales
C. Unicellular D. None

2. Which is not a gymnosperm: A. Pine

B. Gingko C. Flower D. Cycad

3. Angiosperms are characterized by:

A. Pollen cones B. Flowers and fruits C. Naked seeds D. No vessels

4. In angiosperms, double fertilization results in: A. One embryo B. Endosperm and embryo C.
Only endosperm D. Only embryo

5. Which gymnosperm group is deciduous? A. Pinus B. Gnetum C. Gingko

D. Cycas

6. Monocots typically have: A. 2 cotyledons B. Parallel veins C. Reticulate veins D. Taproot

7. Dicots often have: A. Parallel venation B. Taproot system C. Fibrous roots D. One cotyledon

8. The male gametophyte of angiosperms is: A. Embryo sac B. Pollen grain C. Archegonium D.
Anther

9. Ovule is located in the: A. Filament B. Ovary C. Stigma D. Anther

10. Pine pollen is carried by: A. Water B. Wind C. Animals D. Self

11. Cotyledons are: A. Leaves of embryo B. Roots C. Flowers D. Seeds

12. Xylem in angiosperms has vessel elements and: A. Tracheids B. Rhizoids C. Cotyledons D.
Endosperm

13. Gymnosperms lack: A. Vascular tissues B. Seeds C. Flowers D. Pollen

14. Fruit develops from: A. Ovule B. Ovary C. Style D. Anther

15. Double fertilization is unique to: A. Gymnosperms B. Angiosperms C. Pteridophytes D.

Bryophytes

16. Pine trees are: A. Angiosperms B. Gymnosperms C. Ferns D. Mosses

17. Oak is an example of: A. Monocot B. Dicot C. Gymnosperm D. Pteridophyte

18. Cones of gymnosperms are: A. Flowers B. Strobili C. Spores D. Fruits

19. Angiosperm pollen lands on: A. OvulB. Embryo sac C. Stigma D. Style

20. The female gametophyte in flowering plants is: A. Endosperm B. Anther C. Embryo sac D.
Pollen grain

SECTION C:

1. Viruses are considered non-living because they: A. Have metabolism

B. Cannot reproduce alone C. Can move
D. Have cells

2. The genetic material of viruses can be:

A. DNA only B. RNA only C. Both DNA or RNA D. Neither

3. Bacteria cell walls contain: A. ChitinB. Cellulose C. Peptidoglycan D. Silica

4. Cyanobacteria perform: A. Photosynthesis B. Decomposition C. Parasitism D. Nitrogen

fixation

5. Unicellular eukaryotic algae are: A. Diatoms B. Mushrooms C. Mosses D. Lichens

6. Fungal cell walls are made of: A. Cellulose B. Peptidoglycan C. Chitin

D. Lignin

7. Lichens are a mutualistic consortia of fungi and: A. Animals B. Cyanobacteria and/or algae C.
Mosses D. Protozoa

8. Which reproduces via budding?

A. Fungi (yeast) B. Virus C. Bacteria
D. Algae

9. Bacteria lacking nucleus are: A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Archaea

D. Protozoa

10. Viruses that infect bacteria are called:

A. Viroids B. Bacteriophages C. Prions
D. Plasmids

11. Dimorphic fungi exist as:.A. Either yeast or mold B. Moss or liverwort C. Bacteria forms D.
Virus

12. Algae pigments include chlorophyll and: A. Melanin B. Phycobilins C. Keratin

D. Hemoglobin

13. Antibiotics target: A. Fungal cells B. Bacterial cells C. Viral particles D. Algal cells

14. Lichens are good environmental indicators because they: A. Are parasitic B. Absorb
pollutants C. Grow rapidly D. Fix nitrogen

15. Bacterial flagella are made of: A. Tubulin B. Flagellin C. Collagen D. Chitin

16. Algae are important in ecosystems as:

A. Decomposers B. Primary producers C. Consumers D. Parasites

17. Fungi absorb nutrients by: A. Photosynthesis B. Ingesting particles C. Absorbing through
hyphae D. Phagocytosis

18. Asehcomycetes produce spores in:

A. Basidia B. Asci C. Gametangia D. Zygosporangia

19. A virus lacks: A. Protein coat B. Nucleic acid C. Cell membrane

D. Capsid

20. Cyanobacteria fix nitrogen in specialized cells called: A. Heterocysts

B. Zoospores C. Zygotes D. Conidia
SECTION D:
1. Protozoa are: A. Plants B. Unicellular eukaryotes C. Fungi D. Algae

2. Amoeba moves by: A. Cilia B. Pseudopodia C. Flagella D. Muscle

3. Paramecium uses: A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Pseudopodia D. Rhizoids

4. Cnidarians have tissue-level organization and: A. No symmetry B. Radial symmetry C.

Bilateral symmetry
D. Unicellular

5. A nematocyst is used for: A. Feeding in flatworms B. Defense and prey capture in cnidarians
C. Movement in amoeba D. Reproduction

6. Planaria (a flatworm) has: A. Closed circulatory system B. Simple digestive cavity C.

Segmented body D. Exoskeleton

7. Which is parasitic? A. Amoeba proteus

B. Plasmodium C. Hydra D. Planaria

8. Cnidarian body forms include: A. Cyst & trophozoite B. Polyp & medusa C. Sporophyte &
gametophyte D. Larva & adult

9. Flatworms lack: A. Digestive tract B. Circulatory system C. Nervous system D. Muscles

10. Protozoa reproduce by: A. Binary fission B. Flowering C. Conjugation

D. Budding

11. Hydra is an example of: A. Protozoa B. Cnidaria C. Platyhelminthes D. Annelida

12. Platyhelminthes exhibit: A. True coelom B. Acoelomate body plan C. Pseudocoelomate D.

Triploblastic segmentation

13. Amoeba engulfs food by: A. Photosynthesis B. Phagocytosis C. Absorption D. Osmosis

14. The life cycle of Plasmodium involves:

A. Only humans B. Humans and mosquitoes C. Only mosquitoes D. Snails

15. Cnidarians digest prey in: A. Gastrovascular cavity B. Coelom C. Intestine D. Crop

16. Parasitic flatworm example: A. Planaria

B. Tapeworm C. Hydra D. Amoeba
17. Cnidarians have which germ layers?A. One (endoderm) B. Two (endo and ectoderm) C.
Three D. None

18. Protozoa with two nuclei, one micro- and one macronucleus, are: A. Amoeba B.
Paramecium C. Plasmodium D. Hydra

19. Flatworms reproduce: A. Asexually by fission B. Sexually and asexually C. Only sexually. D.
Only asexually

20. A cnidarian stinging cell is called a: A. Cnidocyst B. Nematocyst C. Zoospore D. Sporocyst

SECTION E.
1. Nematodes have a: A. Coelom B. Pseudocoelom C. No body cavity D. True coelom with
segmentation

2. Earthworms belong to:.A. Nematoda

B. Mollusca C. Annelida D. Arthropoda

3. Arthropods have exoskeleton of: A. Chitin.B. Calcium carbonate C. Cellulose

D. Collagen

4. Mollusks typically have a: A. Mantle B. Exoskeleton C. Radula

D. Both A & C

5. Annelids show body segmentation and:

A. Open circulatory system
B. Closed circulatory system
C. Radial symmetry
D. No muscles

6. Nematodes are:
A. Segmented
B. Unsegmented
C. Coelomate
D. With exoskeleton

7. Insect respiratory systems use:

A. Gills
B. Book lungs
C. Tracheae
D. Lungs
8. Gastropods include:
A. Clams
B. Snails
C. Octopus
D. Spiders

9. Crustaceans breathe via:

A. Gills
B. Lungs
C. Tracheae
D. Skin

10. Cephalopods have a:

A. Closed circulatory system
B. Open circulatory system
C. Pseudocoel
D. No heart

11. Earthworms excrete via:

A. Flame cells
B. Nephridia
C. Kidneys
D. Malpighian tubules

12. Segmentation in annelids is called:

A. Metamerism
B. Tagmatization
C. Coelom
D. Cephalization

13. Insects develop through complete metamorphosis called:

A. Ametabolous
B. Hemimetabolous
C. Holometabolous
D. Paurometabolous

14. Squids belong to:

A. Gastropods
B. Bivalves
C. Cephalopods
D. Polyplacophora

15. Torsion is a phenomenon in:

A. Bivalves
B. Gastropods
C. Cephalopods
D. Annelids

16. Arachnids include:

A. Crabs
B. Spiders
C. Beetles
D. Snails

17. Sea stars are:

A. Mollusks
B. Echinoderms (not listed)
C. Arthropods
D. Nematodes

18. The excretory organ in insects is:

A. Nephridia
B. Kidneys
C. Malpighian tubules
D. Flame cells

19. Phylum Annelida possesses setae on:

A. Shell
B. Segments
C. Head only
D. Foot

20. Bivalves include:

A. Snails
B. Oysters
C. Squids
D. Slugs

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6. Vertebrate Groups (Urochordata, Hemichordata, Cephalochordata, Pisces, Amphibia,

Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia)

1. Urochordates are also known as:

A. Sea squirts
B. Lancelets
C. Acorn worms
D. Birds

2. Hemichordates include:
A. Tunicates
B. Cephalochordates
C. Acorn worms
D. Fish

3. Cephalochordates like amphioxus have:

A. Notochord only in larvae
B. Notochord throughout life
C. No notochord
D. Exoskeleton

4. Fish are:
A. Ectothermic vertebrates
B. Mammals
C. Birds
D. Reptiles

5. Amphibians typically have:

A. Scales
B. Moist skin
C. Feathers
D. Hair
6. Reptiles possess:
A. Scales and amniote eggs
B. Hair
C. Feathers
D. Mammary glands

7. Birds have:
A. Fur
B. Feathers
C. Scales
D. Moist skin

8. Mammals are unique for:

A. Reptile-like scales
B. Producing milk
C. Having feathers
D. Scales

9. Sharks belong to:

A. Cartilaginous fish
B. Bony fish
C. Amphibians
D. Reptiles

10. Ray-finned fishes are:

A. Cartilaginous
B. Lobe-finned
C. Bony
D. Amphibious

11. Amphibians undergo metamorphosis from:

A. Larva to adult
B. Egg to bird
C. Larva to reptile
D. Egg to fish
12. Reptilian skin is:
A. Permeable
B. Moist
C. Scaly
D. Feathered

13. Birds lay:

A. Live young
B. Amniotic eggs
C. Shell-less eggs
D. Spores

14. Mammalian jaw articulation involves:

A. Quadrate-articular joint
B. Dentary-squamosal joint
C. Beak
D. Radula

15. Tunicates in adulthood are:

A. Free-swimming
B. Sessile
C. Flying
D. Terrestrial

16. Amphioxus lacks:

A. Post-anal tail
B. Notochord
C. Vertebrae
D. Dorsal nerve cord

17. Amphibian respiration may involve:

A. Gills, lungs, skin
B. Only lungs
C. Only gills
D. Feathers

18. Reptiles regulate temperature by:

A. Metabolism
B. Behavior
C. Fur
D. Feathers

19. Bird bones are:

A. Solid
B. Pneumatized (hollow)
C. Cartilaginous
D. Thick and heavy

20. Monotremes are mammals that:

A. Lay eggs
B. Live-bear
C. Have marsupiums
D. Are reptiles

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7. Plant Physiology: Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, Growth, Ecological Adaptations

1. Transpiration occurs mainly via:

A. Stomata
B. Roots
C. Flowers
D. Stem

2. Photosynthesis occurs in:

A. Roots
B. Chloroplasts
C. Mitochondria
D. Vacuole

3. Plants excrete excess oxygen through:

A. Roots
B. Lenticels and stomata
C. Flowers
D. Seeds
4. Auxin promotes:
A. Leaf abscission
B. Cell elongation
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration

5. Respiration in plants occurs in:

A. Only day
B. Only night
C. Both day and night
D. Never

6. Nitrogen fixation by legumes involves:

A. Bacteria in root nodules
B. Fungi
C. Protozoa
D. Algae

7. Xerophytes adapt to drought by:

A. Thin leaves
B. Thick cuticle
C. No roots
D. Large stomatal density

8. Halophytes thrive in:

A. Saline soils
B. Desert soils
C. Acidic soils
D. Aquatic habitats

9. Nutrient uptake involves:

A. Diffusion and active transport
B. Only diffusion
C. Only osmosis
D. None
10. Plant hormones are called:
A. Integuments
B. Phytohormones
C. Cytokinesis
D. Adrenaline

11. Root pressure is due to:

A. Water uptake
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Cellular division

12. Photoperiodism controls:

A. Transpiration
B. Flowering
C. Respiration
D. Root growth

13. C4 plants minimize photorespiration by:

A. Using PEP carboxylase
B. Closing stomata
C. Excreting CO₂
D. Producing CAM

14. Cam plants open stomata:

A. Day and night
B. Night
C. Only day
D. Never

15. Plant growth occurs at:

A. Meristems
B. Vascular bundle
C. Epidermis
D. Cortex

16. Aerenchyma helps plants:

A. Survive flooding
B. Conserve water
C. Release O₂ at night
D. Transport nutrients

17. Guttation is excretion of water from:

A. Lenticels
B. Hydathodes
C. Stomata
D. Roots

18. Ethylene promotes:

A. Fruit ripening
B. Germination
C. Photosynthesis
D. Nitrogen fixation

19. Plant excretes resin through:

A. Hydathodes
B. Lenticels and resin ducts
C. Roots
D. Stomata

20. Phloem translocates:

A. Water only
B. Sugars and organic solutes
C. Minerals
D. Oxygen

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8. Animal Physiology: Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, Growth & Development, Ecological

Adaptations

1. Carnivorous animals digest protein primarily in the:

A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Cecum
D. Rectum

2. In fish, respiratory exchange occurs at:

A. Skin
B. Gills
C. Lungs
D. Tracheae

3. Excretion in mammals primarily occurs via:

A. Skin
B. Kidneys
C. Liver
D. Cloaca

4. Growth in animals is measured by increase in:

A. Cell number and size
B. Only cell size
C. Only cell number
D. Only weight

5. Metamorphosis occurs in:

A. Reptiles
B. Amphibians, insects
C. Mammals
D. Fish

6. Bird respiration uses air sacs that allow:

A. Tidal flow
B. Unidirectional flow
C. Glycolysis
D. Anaerobic respiration

7. Osmoregulation in freshwater fish:

A. Drink seawater
B. Excrete dilute urine
C. Retain salts actively
D. Both B & C
8. Ruminants digest cellulose using:
A. Enzymes only
B. Symbiotic microbes
C. Strong acid
D. Photolysis

9. Amphibian excretion includes:

A. Uric acid
B. Urea
C. Ammonia or urea
D. Allantoin

10. Complete digestive tract has:

A. Two openings
B. One opening
C. No openings
D. Four openings

11. Mammals grow via:

A. Molting
B. Indeterminate growth
C. Determinate growth
D. Metamorphosis

12. Camels are adapted to deserts through:

A. Storing water in hump
B. Efficient kidneys
C. Both A & B
D. Evaporative cooling only

13. Bird excretion is in form of:

A. Urea
B. Uric acid
C. Ammonia
D. Creatinine

14. Fish excrete ammonia via:

A. Gill diffusion
B. Uraic acid
C. Urea
D. Urine

15. Primary growth in animals involves:

A. Increase in organ number
B. Increase in cell division and differentiation
C. Excretion of wastes
D. Locomotion

16. Endotherms regulate temperature with:

A. Behavior only
B. Metabolism
C. Both A & B
D. No regulation

17. Ectotherms depend on:

A. Metabolism
B. External heat
C. Shivering
D. Feathers

18. Nutrient absorption in intestines occurs via:

A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Both
D. Neither

19. Insect growth involves:

A. Molting exoskeleton
B. Internal growth without shedding
C. Continuous growth
D. Unchanged body

20. Wastes in terrestrial animals are reduced by:

A. Excretion as uric acid B. Excretion as ammonia C. Excretion as urea
D. Defecation