DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ON

Hi-Tech Cultivation of GUAVA & ANJIR

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Promoter Name:
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Project Location:
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1187/67, Ground Floor, Gruhalaxmi,
J.M. Road, near Balgandharva Chowk,
Pune, Maharashtra 411005.
 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULARS
NOS.

I. ABOUT THE PROJECT

II. ECONOMICS OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Profile( Financial)

B. Basis & Presumptions

C.. Total Cost of Project

D. Means of Finance

E. Projected Profitability

F. Financial Analysis

G. Term Loan Repayment

 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

A. ABOUT THE PROJECT

A. GUAVA

Introduction:
The Guava, Psidiumguajawa is one of the important fruit crops grown in India. It is
originated in tropical America, from Mexico to Peru and today is commercially grown in
South Asia, Hawaiin Islands Sri Lanka, Cuba, Myanmar and India. In India, the guava is
grown in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

The guava is a very hardy tree and it is grown with a less inputs. It is rich source of
vitamin C, pectin and minerals. The fruits are also used to make products like jam, jelly,
cheese, juice, nectar, etc. The tree lives longer and bears profusely under wide climatic
and soil conditions, easily and with less expenses.

Climate and Soil:

The guava is grown widely in tropical and sub-tropical regions and succeeds under a
wide variety of climatic conditions. It favours distinct winters and tolerates high rainfall
and drought conditions. Fruit setting and fruit development are poor if the temperatures
are high and humidity is low.

The guava is grown on heavy clay soils to very right sandy soils as well as on those,
which are commonly considered suitable for fruit production. The trees are hardy and
can stand the high E.C. and pH. However, well drained condition is necessary for
survival and production.

Varieties
The important cultivars (varieties) are as under: -
Sardar (Lucknow-4a)
Allahabad Safeda
BanarasiSurkha
Apple colour
Red fleshed
Chittidar
Seedless
Out of these first two are grown on large scale.

Propagation
The guava is propagated by seeds, grafts, airlayers and ground layers. The method,
ground layering is easy, economical and followed on large scale. Use of 3000 to 5000
 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

ppm or a mixture of IBA and IAA has been found very effective in early and profuse
rooting.

Planting and Season:

The guava can be planted at any time of the year. However, June planting followed by
January planting is more successful and very well adopted.

A spacing of 7x7 or 6x6 sq.m.is recommended and the pits of 0.75x0.75x0.75 or 1x1x1
m are dug at the selected spacing and filled with organic manures, superphosphates
and neem cakes well grown layers, uniform in rooting and short growth are used for
planting.

Interculturing:
During initial period of 2/3 years from planting, interspace is kept weed free by regular
weeding. Short duration crops, preferably vegetables are taken.

Care of young orchard

Gap filling should be done within a month.
Supporting and training to young trees is necessary to get uniform stand of all the
plants.
Necessary provision for wind breaks is useful. Plants like susbenia, Mulberry, etc. is
done at the planting of main crop.

Special Horticultural Treatments

Training and pruning : The guava plants are trained to a single stem. No branching is
allowed upto the height of 1 m on main trunk. Pruning to young plants is necessary to
have uniform and well balanced growth and shape. Judicious pruning is also
recommended prior to flowering of selected bahar. Pruning increase the productivity
and makes the various operations like spraying, harvesting easy.

Bahar treatment: This consists of withholding of water prior to flowering of bahar.

Normally there are three bahars i.e. Mrigbahar, Hast bahar and Ambabahar, out of
which only one is selected depending on climate and market. Root pruning and shoot
pruning are also followed as a supporting treatments at bahar treatment.

Bending of branches: This practice is only followed in certain erect growing types to
improve flowering.
 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

Irrigation
Flood irrigation, the trees are regularly irrigated during the fruiting season – from
flowering to harvest of the crop. Excess of water adversely affects the quality of the
fruits besides it favours excessive vegetative growth and invites fungal diseases. Drip
irrigation and fertilization are the latest techniques, which economise the use of water
and fertilisers. However, during the vegetative growth period moisture is necessary and
the system should be on as per requirements.

Application of manures and fertilisers

The amount of fertilisers and manures depend on soil, variety, yield potential and age of
the tree. The guava responses well to organise and biofertilisers and balanced NPK.
Many times deficiencies of Mg, Z &Mn are seen which can be rectified by spraying with
cheleted micronutrients or micronutrients mixtures. The fertilizers schedule is modified
by adopting periodical soil and tissue analysis data. Well grown trees require 360g
nitrogen, 180g phosphorus and potash/tree/year, in addition to 60 to 100kg of organic
matter. Excess of chemical N should be avoided to get a good quality.

Plant protection

The important pests are – Fruitfly, scale insect, Bark eating caterpillars, Mealy bug and
important diseases are – Fruit canker, Anthracnose, leaf spot, wilt, fruit and rot. Proper
training, optimum pruning, favourable selection of bahar, clean cultivation, adopting
preventative measures and timely sprays are followed to protect the crop from diseases
and pests. Integrated pest management is always better than only chemical control.
Harvesting and yields

The vegetatively grown plants start bearing at 3rd year and continue to give economic
yields yearly for 30 years. The well grown and well cared trees gives annual yield from
10 to 15kg. The fruits should be harvested at full maturity but in semiripe conditions.

Post harvest management, storage and marketing

The fruits are highly perishable and should be marketed within two days of harvest.
Over ripe fruits will not stand a long distance market. Some hormones like Mh, GA have
been reported to increase self life of fruits. The fruits can be stored for four weeks in
cold storage maintaining the temperatures 8 to 100C and relative humidity 80-90%.
 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

B. FIG (ANJIR) :

INTRODUCTION

Fig is very delicious fruit like tread and popularly known as ``anjeer`` in india, fig is
mostly confined to part of guj-rat maharashtra, UP, tamilnadu and karnataka, fig can
grow to more than 2.4m tall in only three month and start bearing fruits, there are 21
popular varieties fig that are being cultivated in the world, in India `poona` is the most
popular variety, most of the fig fruit grown in dau-latabad the poona fig, in recent days a
variety called `dinkar` improvement over 'daulatabad' variety the yield and fruit quality is
gaining commercial important.

The fruit and leaves are used to make medicine. Fig FRUIT is used as a laxative to
relieve constipation. Fig LEAF is used for diabetes, high cholesterol, and skin conditions
such as eczema, psoriasis, and vitiligo. Figs are also used as a quick and healthy way
to gain weight after suffering from an illness.

Cultivation:
Fig favours areas having arid or semi-arid environment, high summer temperature,
plenty of sunshine and moderate winter. The plant has better threshold limit for higher
temperature than for the lower. Although plants can survive temperature as high as
45°C, the fruit quality deteriorates beyond 39°C. Mature trees can withstand
temperature up to 4°C, but young ones need protection. Climate has an important
bearing on size, shape and colour of skin and pulp. A relatively cool climate stimulates
production of larger and elongated fruits.

Land preparation and Planting of Fig Fruit Farming

The land is thoroughly ploughed and leveled before planting the rooted cuttings. Pits of
dimensions 60 cm³ are dug at least one month before planting. The spacing between
the plants should be 8 x 8 m normally, but a minimum spacing of 6 x 6 m (arid regions)
is maintained. Cultivars of fig grown in India are planted at 5-7 m for good yield. These
pits are initially prepared by filling them with a mixture of compost and garden soil. The
pits are also treated with endosulfan @ 100 g per pit, to keep them safe from termites.

The depth of planting should be 2 to 4 inches for the plants to have a high survival rate.
The rooted cuttings should be handled with care to avoid root damage. Dig holes
deeper and wider than the normal requirement and place the plants in an upright way.
The soil around the roots is crumbled to pack the roots such that they come in proper
contact with moist soil. Under cold weather conditions, it is advisable to delay
transplanting until the winter is over. 'Heading back or cutting the rooted cuttings at the
time of planting helps reduce water loss from the plants and develops lateral branches.
 Project Report on Hi-Tech Cultivation of Lime & Anjir

Manure Fertilization for Fig Trees

Fertilization of the trees majorly depends on the soil type, nutrient content, pH levels,
and crop requirements. Fig trees grow well in alkaline soil; therefore lime is supplied to
the soil to increase the pH if it is below 6. The fertilizers and manure composition
required during various stages of plant growth are different and after the fifth year of
planting, it stabilizes. The composition is mentioned below and is in terms of
kg/tree/year):

• Year 1 - FYM (25), neem cake (0.50), N (0.06), P (0.04) and K (0.04).

• Year 2 - FYM (25), neem cake (0.50), N (0.120), P (0.08) and K (0.08).

• Year 3 - FYM (25), neem cake (1.0), N (0.180), P (0.120) and K (0.120).

• Year 4 - FYM (30), neem cake (1.50), N (0.24), P (0.16) and K (0.16).

• Year 5 and beyond - FYM (35), neem cake (2.00), N (0.30), P (0.20) and K (0.20).

Irrigation needs of Fig Orchard

This tree is considered to be fairly resistant to drought conditions and is rarely irrigated
in most cultivated areas. If the tree is cultivated in a region with light soil and arid
conditions, then it has to be irrigated frequently, mostly during the first two years of
planting and also during the dry period. During the summer (May-June) water is
supplied to the plants every 4-5 days, but during winter i.e. February-April irrigation is
given at an interval of 10-15 days. No irrigation should be given during the monsoon
and winter seasons. The trees should not be irrigated heavily during the fruit ripening
period.

Irrigation through the drip system should provide at least 15-20 liters of water a day to
each plant.

Harvesting:
You should harvest figs when they are fully ripe. The figs should be fully colored and
slightly soft to the touch. When picking figs, wear gloves or long sleeves because the
sap from the fig tree can irritate your skin. Figs are very perishable. Store figs in the
refrigerator; they will keep for 2 to 3 days. For long-term storage, you can freeze figs
whole for later use. Another storage meth-od is to dry the figs. You can also can your
own figs.

Marketing:
Figs are a beloved, popular fruit in India. They grow well in several states including
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Though there are
approximately 800 va-rieties of figs in the world, the fig variety “Poona” is the most
popular in India.
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

II. ECONOMICS OF THE PROJECT

A. PROJECT PROFILE (Financial)

Sr. No.PARAMETERS VALUE

1 Product Guava & Anjir

2 Area in Hector 2.67

3 Cost of the project 13,33,334

4 Bank loan 10,00,000

5 Own Contribution 3,33,333

6 Financial Indicators

BC R 1.11 :1

N P W 15% (Rs.) 3,52,025

IRR% 29.04

Average DSCR 4.3

Interest Rate (% per

7 10.00
annum)
10 years including first
8 Repayment Period Three years as a
moratorium perod
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

B. BASIS & PRESUMPTIONS

1 Payback period 10 years including first three years as a moratorium perod

2 Tax on income ignored.

3 Promoters share includes self-contribution plus loan from friends and relatives.

4 There is no change in Government policies and interest rates in next 8 years.

 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

C. TOTAL COST OF PROJECT

UNIT
AMOUNT IN
SR.NO. PARTICULAR UNIT RATE IN QUANTITY
RS.
RS.
1. Land Development
i) Land Leveling & pit digging Hector 70,000 2.67 1,86,963
ii) Fencing Mtr 200 350 70,000
iii) Farm Road Mtr 200 350 70,000
SUB TOTAL – 1 3,26,963
2. Irrigation
i) Cost of Open/ Tube Well No 80000 1 80,000
Cost of Pipeline
ii) Mtr 1300 150 1,95,000
110mm/4kg
SUB TOTAL – 2 80,000
3. Drip Irrigation etc. :-
i) Drip Irrigation Hector 60,000 2.67 1,60,254
SUB TOTAL – 3 1,60,254
4. Cost of Cultivation
a. Cost of Planting Material ( Mix Croping)
No of
i. Guava ( Spacing 3.0 m. * 3.0 m.) 70 200 14,000
Saplings
No of
ii. Anjir(Spacing 4.0 m* 4.0 m) 100 500 50,000
Saplings
b. Initial cost of inputs
i) Fertilizer and Manure Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545
ii) Insecticide and Pesticide Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545
iii) Labour Charges Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545
iv) Packaging, Transportation etc Hector 20,000 2.67 53,418
v) Overhead ( Electricity, Water etc.) Hector 15,000 2.67 40,064
SUB TOTAL – 4 5,58,117
5. Infrastructure
i) Cost of Storage Room (20’x10’) Sq. ft. 300 250 75,000
SUB TOTAL – 5 75,000
6. Mechanization
Cost of Sprayer & other
i) Ls 1,33,000
farm equipments
SUB TOTAL – 6 1,33,000

TOTAL 13,33,334
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

D. MEANS OF FINANCE

Sr. No. Particular Unit Quantity Amount in Rs.

1 Bank/FI Term loan % 75 10,00,000

2 Promoter’s Share % 25 3,33,333

TOTAL 13,33,334
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

E. PROJECTED PROFITABILITY

Unit
Sr. Quant
Particular Unit rate in I year II year III year IV year Vyear VI year VII year VIII year IX year X year
No. ity
Rs.

I. Income
A. Sales of Guava
a. Yield of Lime fruits per Tree Kg 0 0 0 0 0 25 30 35 40 50 50 50
b. Total Yield of 200 Trees Kg 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
c. Income Rs. 0 0 0 0 0 2,50,000 3,00,000 3,50,000 4,00,000 5,00,000 5,00,000 5,00,000
( @ Selling Price Rs. 50 per kg.)
B. Sales of Anjir
a. Yield of Lime fruits per Tree Kg 0 0 0 0 0 20 25 30 35 40 40 40
b. Total Yield of 500 Trees Kg 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 20,000 20,000
c. Income Rs. 0 0 0 0 0 6,00,000 7,50,000 9,00,000 10,50,000 12,00,000 12,00,000 12,00,000
( @ Selling Price Rs. 60 per kg.)

TOTAL (A) 0 0 0 8,50,000 10,50,000 12,50,000 14,50,000 17,00,000 17,00,000 17,00,000

II. Expenditure
a. Cost of Planting Material (Lime & No of - - 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000 64,000
Papita) Saplin

b. Mannures & Fertilisers Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545
c. Insectisides & Pesticides Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545
d. Manpower (For land preparation, Hector 50,000 2.67 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545 1,33,545
planting, Inter -cultural operation,
harvesting & other farm operations)

e. Packaging, Transportation etc. Hector 20,000 2.67 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418 53,418
f. Overhead ( Electricity, Water etc.) Hector 15,000 2.67 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064 40,064
TOTAL (B) 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117

III. Net Income TOTAL (A-B) -5,58,117 -5,58,117 -5,58,117 2,91,884 4,91,884 6,91,884 8,91,884 11,41,884 11,41,884 11,41,884
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

F. Financial Analysis

Particulars I year II year III year IV year V year VI year VII year VIII year IX year X year

Capital Costs 13,33,334

Recurring cost 5,58,117 43,047 43,047 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117
Total Cost 18,91,450 43,047 43,047 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117 5,58,117
Benefit 0 0 0 8,50,000 10,50,000 12,50,000 14,50,000 17,00,000 17,00,000 17,00,000
Depreciated value of 60,050
buildings, fencing etc. @
10%
Depreciated value of 67,923
Machinery & equipments @
15%
Closing stock value 0

Total Benefit 0 0 0 8,50,000 10,50,000 12,50,000 14,50,000 17,00,000 17,00,000 18,27,973

-18,91,450 -43,047 -43,047 2,91,884 4,91,884 6,91,884 8,91,884 11,41,884 11,41,884 12,69,856
Net Benefit
Discounting Factor@ 15% 15% 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.57 0.50 0.43 0.38 0.33 0.28 0.25
16,44,739 32,550 28,304 3,19,105 2,77,483 2,41,289 2,09,817 1,82,449 1,58,652 1,37,958
NPV cost at 15% DF
0 0 0 4,85,990 5,22,036 5,40,409 5,45,109 5,55,733 4,83,246 4,51,847
NPV benefits at 15% DF
3,52,025
NPW at 15% DF
BCR at 15% DF 1.11 :1
IRR % 29.04
 Project Report on-Hi-Tech Cultivation of Guava & Anjir

G. Term Loan Repayment

Rate of interst - % per annum : 10.00

Opening balance of term loan : 10,00,000

Loan Net Total Net

Year Principal Interest DSCR
Outstanding Income Repayment Surplus

1 10,00,000 -5,58,117 0 1,00,000 1,00,000 0 0

2 10,00,000 -5,58,117 0 1,00,000 1,00,000 0 0

3 10,00,000 -5,58,117 0 1,00,000 1,00,000 0 0

4 10,00,000 2,91,884 1,42,857 1,00,000 2,42,857 49,026 1.2

5 8,57,143 4,91,884 1,42,857 85,714 2,28,571 2,63,312 2.2

6 7,14,286 4,91,884 1,42,857 71,429 2,14,286 2,77,598 2.3

7 5,71,429 8,91,884 1,42,857 57,143 2,00,000 6,91,883 4.5

8 4,28,571 11,41,884 1,42,857 42,857 1,85,714 9,56,169 6.1

9 2,85,714 11,41,884 1,42,857 28,571 1,71,429 9,70,455 6.7

10 1,42,857 11,41,884 1,42,857 14,286 1,57,143 9,84,741 7.3

Avg. DSCR 4.3