Rizal Technological University
College of Education
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Transformation Activity in ENG103
1. She is studious. => She is not studious. (Negation: Positive to Negative)
Tree Diagram (TD):
NP VP
△
She
V Adj.
T C studious
pres be
Deep Structure (DS):
She + pres + be + studious => Neg. Trans.
She + pres + be + not + studious
Positive: N + V (pres + be) + Adj.
Negative: N + V (pres + be) + Neg. + Adj.
[ [
She + pres + be + not + studious => FF
She + be + pres + not + studious => MPR
She + is + not + studious
Surface Structure (SS):
She is not studious.
2. She is studious. => Is she studious? (Y/N Q)
Tree Diagram (TD):
NP VP
△
She
V Adj.
T C
studious
pres be
Deep Structure (DS):
She + pres + be + studious => Y/N Q Trans.
NP + V + Adj. => V + NP + Adj.
[ [
pres + be + she + studious => FF
be + pres + she + studious => MPR
Is + she + studious
Surface Structure (SS):
Is she studious?
3. She is studious. => Who is studious? (WH Q)
Tree Diagram (TD):
NP VP
△
She
V Adj.
T C
studious
pres be
Deep Structure (DS):
She + pres + be + studious => Y/N Q Trans.
pres + be + she + studious => WH Q Trans.
pres + be + Who + studios => WH Fronting
[ [
Who + pres + be + studious => FF
Who + be + pres + studious => MPR
Who + is + studious
Surface Structure (SS):
Who is studious?
4. The student writes a letter. => A letter is written by the student. (Passivization: Active to Passive)
Tree Diagram (TD):
NP1 VP
Det. N
V NP2
The student
T MV Det. N
pres write a letter
Deep Structure (DS):
The + student + pres + write + a + letter => Pass. Trans.
NP1 (N) + V (T + MV) + NP2 => Pass. Trans. (permutation and addition)
NP2 + V (T + be + en + MV) + Prep. by + NP1
[ [
[ [
A + letter + pres + be + en + write + Prep. by + the + student => FF
A + letter + be + pres + write + en + by + the + student => MPR
A + letter + is + written + by + the + student
Surface Structure (SS):
A letter is written by the student.
