Define the following sociological philosophies for good life and give examples each:
1. Materialism – People who live a materialistic lifestyle will seek happiness with the
acquisition of goods and assets. These people will not develop close relationships with
others in times of hardship, nor will they resort to religion. Instead, they will purchase in
an attempt to self-soothe or increase their happiness.
2. Hedonism – Philosophical hedonists tend to focus on hedonistic theories of value,
and especially of well-being (the good life for the one living it). As a theory of value,
hedonism states that all and only pleasure is intrinsically valuable and all and only pain
is intrinsically not valuable.
3. Stoicism – Stoicism holds that the key to a good, happy life is the cultivation of an
excellent mental state, which the Stoics identified with virtue and being rational. The
ideal life is one that is in harmony with Nature, of which we are all part, and an attitude
of calm indifference towards external events.
4. Theism – Theists are inclined to assert that human life would be meaningless if there
was no personal immortality and God did not exist. For, according to theism, the higher
plan is God's plan.
5. Humanism – For humanists, there is no single 'ultimate' meaning of life. Instead, it is
up to us to make our own lives meaningful. They believe we should be free to decide
how we live (as long as we do not cause harm to others), seeking happiness and
supporting others to do the same.
References
https://study.com/learn/lesson/materialism-overview-examples.html
https://iep.utm.edu/hedonism/
https://theconversation.com/want-to-be-happy-then-live-like-a-stoic-for-a-week-103117
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15665399.2006.10819914
https://understandinghumanism.org.uk/area/the-one-life/
