Discuss
Discuss the importance of cottage industry for a country which has a
large population with little education.
Answer:
A major benefit of cottage industries is that they allow people to work
from their homes. Women have benefited the most because they can
work from home while still tending to their families. Many cottage
businesses include the entire family in their operations, however,
including husbands and children. Some businesses start as cottage
industries and then become too large, necessitating a move out of the
home into a business environment, but at that point they likely have
the financial means to make the move.
Discuss
What, according to you, would be the future of industries if we
destroyed our forests and wildlife ?
Answer:
Forest-based Industries are based on forest products. If we destroys
forest the industries such packaging industry, furniture industry, sports
good industry, paper industry are shutdown because of unavailability
of raw materials.
THINK AND ANSWER
Why do you think multinational companies are attracted to establish
ventures in foreign countries ?
Answer:
Multinational companies are attracted to establish ventures in foreign
countries as cheap labour and cheap raw material inputs, transport
and power are easily available in developing countries.
VALUES & LIFE SKILLS
A lot of children below the age of 14 years work in various industries.
Do you think these children should work in these industries ?
Why do you think they have to work there ?
Answer:
Child labour is the employment of children at regular and sustained
labour.
No, the children should not work in any industry because of following
reasons:
1. Child labour does more than deprive children of their education
and mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen.
2. Immature and inexperienced child labourers may be completely
unaware of the short and long term risks involved in their work.
3. Working long hours, child labourers are often denied a basic
school education, normal social interaction, personal
development and emotional support from their family.
Poverty is undoubtedly a dominant factor in the use of child
labour; families on or below the poverty line force their children
into work to supplement their household’s meager income.
Eradicating poverty, however, is only the first step on the road to
eliminating child labour.
EXERCISES
A. Fill in the blanks.
1. People who work together to make cars work in the large-
scale industry.
2. The USA and China are strong because they have thousands
of industries.
3. Nepal has few industries.
4. The size of an industry depends on the number of people employed,
the capital invested and the area it occupies.
5. A cottage industry is a household unit run by a family.
B. Match the following.
Answer:
C. Choose the correct answer.
Question 1.
China/Nepal has many industries.
Answer:
China has many industries.
Question 2.
Cottage industries produce handicrafts/cement.
Answer:
Cottage industries produce handicrafts.
Question 3.
Small-scale industries are smaller/bigger than cottage industries.
Answer:
Small-scale industries are bigger than cottage industries.
Question 4.
Sports equipment are produced by small-scale/large- scale industry.
Answer:
Sports equipment are produced by small-scale industry.
Question 5.
Chota Nagpur Plateau is well known for steel/textile production.
Answer:
Chota Nagpur Plateau is well known for steel production.
D. State whether the following is true or false.
1. The USA has many industries.
Answer. True.
2. Industries do not contribute much to national income.
Answer. False.
Correct : Industries contribute much to national income.
3. The number of labour employed has no relation to the size of an
industry.
Answer. False.
Correct : The number of labour employed has relation to the size of an
industry.
4. Cottage industry employ labour from outside.
Answer. False.
Correct : Cottage industry employ only family members.
5. Small-scale industries employ only family members.
Answer. False.
Correct : Small-scale industries employ labour from outside.
E. Answer the following questions in brief.
Question 1.
What is an industry?
Answer:
An Industry is a group of people or companies engaged in a particular
kind of business enterprise. There are different groups of people that
work together to form an industry. For example, people who work
together to make cars form the car industry or people who work
together to fashion clothes form the fashion industry.
Question 2.
Name the three major types of industries.
Answer:
Three types of industries are :
1. Cottage industry
2. Small-scale industry
3. Large-scale industry.
4. Agro-based industry.
Question 3.
What goods are produced by a cottage industry?
Answer:
Handicrafts, handloom products, jewellery, pottery, leather products,
etc. are produced by cottage industry.
Question 4.
Name a few goods produced by small-scale industries.
Answer:
Electronic goods, sports equipment, brassware, bicycles, toys,
etc. are produced by small-scale industries.
Question 5.
Which type of industry produces cement and petrochemicals?
Answer:
Cement and petrochemicals are produced by large-scale industry.
F. Answer the following questions in detail.
Question 1.
Why do we need industries?
Answer:
Industries are required because of the following reasons :
1. Industries are needed to make a country strong financially: The
more number of industries in a country the stronger the country
becomes. Countries such as the USA and China are strong
because of the hundreds and thousands of industries they have.
India too has many industries but not as many as USA or China.
Some countries like Nepal have very few industries.
2. Industries are needed for products of daily use : We will see items
that we use everyday such as toothpaste, soap, bicycle, exercise
books, pencils, medicines, cheese, and jams and so on. All these
items are manufactured by different industries.
3. Industries are needed so there is no shortage of necessary
goods :
Apart from fulfilling our daily needs, industries must produce
sufficiently so that all the things people need are available to
them at reasonable prices.
Question 2.
What is a cottage industry?
Answer:
Cottage Industry : It is generally a household unit run by a family.
The craftsmen and their family members carry on the traditional work
started by their forefathers generations ago. Cottage industries
generally produce all kinds of handicrafts, handloom products,
jewellery, pottery, leather products, etc. These industries are
encouraged by the government as they generate employment and
improve living conditions, especially in rural areas.
Question 3.
What are the differences between a cottage industry and a small-scale
industry?
Answer:
The differences between a cottage industry and a smale- scale industry
are:
1. The location of cottage industries is restricted in villages whereas
the small-scale industries are mostly located in urban and semi-
urban areas.
2. Cottage industry being a household industry is mostly run by the
members of the family and therefore do not maintain hired
labourers. But the small-scale industries are mostly run by hired
labourers.
3. Cottage industries are producing goods for meeting local
requirements whereas small-scale industries are producing goods
to meet the demand for the people living in a wider area.
4. Cottage industries are investing a very little amount of capital
and are working with simple tools. But the small industries are
investing a comparatively higher amount of capital (presently the
limit has been raised from Rs. 60 lakh to Rs. 3 crore) and are
working with machines run by power.
Question 4.
What are large-scale industries?
Answer:
Large-scale industries involve huge investments, professional
management and a large force of skilled and unskilled labour.
Big power-driven machines are used with considerable automation.
These industries are generally established at places where raw
materials, cheap transportation, sources of power, plenty of labour and
market are easily available. Industries producing iron and steel,
petrochemicals, cement, railway engines and coaches, automobiles,
textiles, etc. are examples of large-scale industries.
Question 5.
Give an account of the factors that determine the establishment of an
industry.
Answer:
Factors that determines the establishment of an Industry are:
1. Availability of Raw Material — All industries that require
heavy and bulky raw material are generally set up near the
sources of raw materials in order to save heavy transportation
cost. For example, iron and steel plants in India and other
countries have been set up near iron ore mines and coalfields as
both iron ore and coal are heavy and difficult to transport.
2. Availability of Power — For any industry power is a very critical
factor. Cheap, abundant and uninterrupted power supply is an
essential need for any modem industry using large machines.
3. Availability of Transport —An important factor for setting up
industries is the availability of efficient means of transportation
as movement of raw material to the factory and finished goods to
the market depend on it.
4. Availability of Labour — Though labour-skilled and unskilled-
can be transported from different regions, it is advantageous to
have an assured labour supply locally for setting up an industry.
5. Market — The ultimate aim of any industry is to sell its product
easily, i.e., to find a market for its product without much
difficulty. Industries of certain types are set up in specific regions
where their goods can easily be sold. Woollen industries will do
well in areas of cold climate while industries making cotton goods
will
LET’S DO SOMETHING
With the help of the Internet, find out the names of three companies
from the following industries :
1. Iron and steel
2. Textile
3. Cement
Answer:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Corp., Bhilai Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant.
2. Acrow India ltd., Al chemist corp. ltd. Acil Cotton Industries ltd.
3. Ultratech,ACC,Ambuja Cement, Ramco Cements. thrive in areas
that have warm and dry climate.
4. Other Factors — Factors like easy access to financial and
banking facilities, climate, state-government policies, etc. also
influence either directly or indirectly the location of an industry.
G. Ask your parents to take you to a cottage or small-scale
industry in your city so that you can see how goods are
produced there ?
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of parents.
H. Picture Study
This is a picture of an industry.
1. What type of industry is this ?
2. Can you give two features of this industry?
Answer:
1. This is a large-scale industry of automobiles sector.
2. Large-scale industries involve huge investments, professional
management and a large force of skilled and unskilled labour. Big
power-driven machines are used with considerable automation.
These industries are generally established at places where raw
materials, cheap transportation, sources of power, plenty of
labour and market are easily available.
LET’S DO SOMETHING
With the help of the Internet, find out the names of three companies
from the following industries:
1. Iron and steel
2. Textile
3. Cement
Answer:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Corp., Bhilai Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant.
2. Acrow India ltd., A1 chemist corp. ltd. Acil Cotton Industries ltd.
3. Ultratech, ACC, Ambuja Cement, Ramco Cements.
