Module 6
Painting
Overview
This module tackles elements of painting, principles of design, methods of presenting
the subject, color harmony, and famous Filipino painters. Artists express their
thoughts and observation about their environment through painting. Since it is an
expression of thoughts and ideas, it helps people to understand themselves, their
environment, and the situation of the society in the past and at present.
I. OBJECTIVES
1. Define painting
2. Identify the different ways of presenting the art subject
3. Apply the elements of painting, principles of design, color harmony, and
methods of presenting the subject in their artwork.
II. DISCUSSION
Painting
Painting is the art of illustrating the artist’s creativeness on a flat surface such as canvas,
paper, wood, etc. using colored pigments. This form of art conveys lots of
meaning to people. Some paintings are based on real life, but others are the
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
products of the artists’ imagination. People appreciate paintings for some
reasons. They say if a person is cheerful, he appreciates work of arts with bright
colors. Others love paintings because these artworks are related with their field
of experience.
Elements of Painting
(1) Line. It is the simplest and universal of the six elements. It has two general
categories: (a) straight line refers to horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines. A horizontal
line connotes rest, calmness, and relaxation. A vertical line connotes poise, force and
balance. A slanting line or Diagonal line connotes instability and loss of control.
(b) curved line connotes action, energy, life, and pleasure.
(2) Texture. This refers to the external aspect of paintings. The application of paint
may be thin and smooth, shiny or dull, and thick or rough.
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+image+of+shiny+o https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+image+of+du
bject&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiziar9i_X4AhVVSfUHHT8NCagQ ll+colored+object&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiJl_vFjPX4Ah
2-cCegQIABAA&oq=sample+image+of
WPBt4KHbyFDt8Q2-
(3) Value.This refers to lightness and darkness of a color. When colors are greatly
diluted with white, they are called tints; the colors that are darker by the addition of
black are called shades.
(4) Space. The artist ought to put the objects in their proper places to help the viewers
interpret the paintings.
(5) Color. This gives life to any visual arts. It is the shade used by an artist that
shows the real image of something and presents the connotation of each colored object
in the artwork. There are two kinds of color: (a) Warm colors are called advancing
colors because they make the objects appear larger and nearer to the viewers. (b) Cool
colors are receding colors because they give a peaceful effect on the paintings.
Page 2 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
Color has three properties, namely:
1. Hue literally means color. It refers to as pure color, or as the dominant color
of the object.
https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+violet+ribbon&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwijpYn https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+i
ag_X4AhWqTPUHHauNCa0Q2- mage+of+yellow+green&tbm=isch&ved=2ahU
Small Red Rose.JPG cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+violet+ribbon&gs_lchttps://www.google.com/search?q=picture+ KEwi0rJCthfX4AhVW0IsBHV61BSsQ2-
of+violet+ribbon&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwijpYnag_X4AhWqTPUHHauNCa0Q2- cCegQIABAA&oq=sample+image+of+yellow+g
cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+violet+ribbon&gs_lc reen&gs_lcp=CgN
2. Value is the quantity of white or black that is added to a hue.
When white is added to a color, it is a tint and it gives a lighter value.
When black is added to a color,it is a shade and it gives a darker value.
3. Intensity is the degree of brightness of a hue.
The colors in the color wheel are at their full intensity (bright). But once we
added white, black or gray to any color, this color becomes dull.
Color Schemes
1. Monochromatic is using the same hue with different gradients of value, or
referring to one hue of several tones.
Page 3 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+image+of+blue+rose&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiPs6vChfX4AhWgy
2. Analogous involves the use of three adjacent colors in the color wheel, or the
YsBHT0UAa8Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=sample+image+of+blue+rose&gs
three colors next to each other.
3. Complementary colors consist of two colors which give a strongest contrast
with one another.
Examples:
Yellow and violet
Red and green
4. Split Complementary is a scheme using three colors. Select one color on the
color wheel. Let’s say green and find its complement which is red and then
choose the color on each side of the red plus green to achieve split
complementary scheme.
5. Triadic uses three colors that are of equal distance from each other.
Page 4 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
6. Square Tetradic consists of four colors with equal spaced between them.
7. Rectangular Tetradic is similar to square tetradic scheme with four colors. To
achieve rectangular tetradic, draw a rectangular shape as shown in the figure
below.
The colors in the four corners make a rectangular tetradic. Notice that there
is one pie that separates the two corners and and another three pies that
separate the other corners.
(6) Shape. This refers to an enclosed two-dimensional area. Shape is formed
whenever lines connect both ends.
Principles of Designs
1. Rhythm. It is a repetition of lines, shapes, sizes and colors in the artworks.
Page 5 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
https://i.pinimg.com/236x/0c/27/68/0c2768524 418e2308fdc2e88511e9ff0--rhythm-in-art-art-elements.jpg
2. Proportion. It describes the relationship of dimension of the objects when
compared to another object. It is important to give proportion to the elements
of the artwork to emphasize their meanings. Besides, failure of the artist to do
this, the resulting image will be less realistic.
https://artincontext.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Proportion-in-Art-Examples.jpg
3. Balance. This may be formal (symmetrical) or informal (asymmetrical). Formal
balance is bring off if the objects are similar in forms, appearances, and sizes at
equal distances from the center. This kind of arrangement of objects gives the
viewers an impression of self-respect, seriousness, and formality. Informal
balance is achieved by arranging the things which are dissimilar in shapes,
appearances, and sizes at equal distance from the center. It gives an impression
of something natural and relaxed. Although unlike objects follow the
asymmetrical order, but still, they give a pleasing appearance to the viewers.
Page 6 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
https://artdiscovery.info/wp- https://i.pinimg.com/474x/98/8e/74/988e748ef375357a2
content/uploads/2013/07/ArtDiscovery-39.jpg 92a38a3af0b1883--art-principles-art-classroom.jpg
4. Harmony. This is achieved if the artwork has similar or related elements. You
can also show harmony through colors, lines, shapes, forms, and texture in
your work.
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1054/1674/files/20161126_013525_85b5
abaf-62f3-4d35-a969-7948dcab562e_grande.jpg?v=1480097417
5. Emphasis. This is the center of attraction of the artwork. There are various
ways used by an artist to show emphasis. The artist may use color, size or
position of the object making the other elements appear subordinates to the main
subject.
Page 7 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/fb/cd/0c/fbcd0c5057f28c4ad7 https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/wp-
3b293057ed6144.jpg content/uploads/2018/05/Emphasis4.jpg
Some Ways of Presenting the Art Subject
1. Realism. This refers to the real appearance of the major and minor objects
shown in the artworks.
2. Abstraction. There are some techniques to show abstract subjects.
a. Expressionism. The expressionist uses distortion, swirling, and exaggeration
in order to convey his feelings. The artist has an emphasis on emotional
content.
b. Mangling. The artist presents the subject that is cut or hacked.
c. Cubism. The cubist expresses his subject with the use of cone, cylinder and
geometric shapes.
3. Symbolism. This also expresses emotions, thoughts and fantasies. The
elements of the artwork represent an idea. The Spolarium painted by Luna gives
us a glimpse of Roman history. It informed us about the dying gladiators who
were devoid of their worldly possessions.
4. Impressionism. The impressionist usually paints about outdoor activities
capturing realistic scenes. He is also interested with landscapes as his subjects.
5. Fauvism. This is characterized by vivid colors resulting to a vibrant effect. The
concern of the artist is to give enjoyment that’s why depression is out of his
theme. He does not conform with the actual appearance of the object pertaining
to its color.
6. Dadaism. The concern of the artist is to show in public the wickedness of the
society. The presentation is somewhat shocking and provoking.
Page 8 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
7. Futurism. The artist is concerned with the view of the modern world. His works
appear worthier and more splendid with a touch of advanced technology. The
subject expresses modernization.
8. Surrealism. The surrealists view the world as a magical one, or beyond reality.
He may also present his subject with violence or cruelty.
Color Harmony
1. Complementary colors (contrasted color harmony). It neutralizes or intensifies
each other when they are combined. Examples: a combination of pink and blue;
black and white
2. Monochromatic colors (related color harmony). This consists of several tones
of one hue. Example: dark blue- royal blue-sky blue
Some Noted Filipino Painters
1. Juan Luna won the first gold medal in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid (1884). His artwork Blood Compact won the silver medal at Universal
Exposition in St. Louis Missouri, USA in 1904. Spolarium, his other work of art,
means spoils of war.
Source:https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/juan-luna-s-blood-compact-vicente-manansala/vwFkyromXZjyhA
Page 9 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
2. Fernando Amorsolo was the first National Artist in the country. He specialized
in Philippine settings and perfected contrasting hues for harmony. He was known
for using backlight technique in painting, making his creation bright and cheerful.
His major works are entitled Dalagang Bukid, El Ciego, The Mestiza and Planting
Rice.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALiCzsZYFonaQ5-
nBLtx9U0Oqi2ouQ5duQ:1658710568089&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=PICTURE+OF+THE+pLANTING+rICE+BY+fERNANDO
3. Victor D. Edades, the Father of Modern Philippine Painting, led an assemblage
called “The Thirteen Moderns “. He was known for using dark somber colors. He
focused on factory workers, laborers and simple town people as his subjects.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALiCzsZnc6HO2VRvStFzGwXXvF6cHI44TQ:1658711467249&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=picture+of+paintings+of
+Victorio+Edades&fir=tDR1NFwRzhttps://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALiCzsZnc6HO2VRvStFzGwXXvF6cHI44TQ:1658711467249&source=univ&tbm=isch&
q=picture+of+paintings+of+Victorio+Edades&fir=tDR1NFwRz
Page 10 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
4. Carlos”Botong” Francisco was the most distinguished mural painter for three
decades. He used historical events as his subject. His major works are entitled
First Mass at Limasawa, Bayanihan and The Invasion of Limahong.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+Carlos+botong+francisco+Limasawa&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiV95Ot85L5AhXqFqYKHYtTAwIQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=pi
cture+of+Carlos+botong+francisco+Limasawa&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoECAAQHlDrCli2SGD2TWgAcAB4AIABigGIAZgXkgEEMjQuN5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1
nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=jvPdYpX4LeqtmAWLp40Q&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=v2ycqnaWvQP
5. Vicente Manansala used abstract and cubist styles. He focused on realistic
themes. His major works are entitled A Cluster of Nipa Hut, Market Vendors and
Madonna of the Slums.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALiCzsZnkr8WuVIjdCp3XA1NP_xHJot8Iw:1658713551418&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=picture+of+market+vendor+by+vicent
e+manansala&fir=DPiyrzZfWBXRHM%252CIoKhzJKzEY4BcM%252C_%253Bhttps://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALiCzsZnkr8WuVIjdCp3XA1NP_xHJot8Iw:165871355141
8&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=picture+of+market+vendor+by+vicente+manansala&fir=DPiyrzZfWBXRHM%252CIoKhzJKzEY4BcM%252C_%253B
6. Hernando R. Ocampo was known for his abstract paintings. His works featured
shapes bounded with curved lines painted in intense colors. His masterpiece
“Genesis” was the basis of the design of the curtain of CCP Main Theater. His
major works are entitled Slum Dwellers, Genesis, and Ina ng Balon.
Page 11 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+genesis+by+Hernando+Ocampo&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwifj83D95L5Ah
UVLqYKHS0nCsgQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+genesis+by+https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+genesis+by+Hern
ando+Ocampo&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwifj83D95L5AhUVLqYKHS0nCsgQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+genesis+by
7. Cesar Legaspi was known for utilizing the cubism method with geometric
shapes. His artworks include Morning Dance, Gadgets and Reclining Nude.
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+Gadgets+by+Cesar+Legaspi&sxsrf=ALiCzsY6I9GUg58rPmnTwOdotPyL63bKYQ:1658715568830&tbm=isch&source=i
u&ictx=1&vet=1&fir=CWhttps://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+Gadgets+by+Cesar+Legaspi&sxsrf=ALiCzsY6I9GUg58rPmnTwOdotPyL63bKYQ:1658715568830&tb
m=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&vet=1&fir=CW
8. Ang Kiukok painted a subject about nationalism and sociological agenda
through cubistic forms. Some of his artworks are entitled Fisherman, Fighting
Figures and Crucifixion.
Page 12 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
Source:https://www.mutualart.com/Artwork/Fishermen/C3F974564CF0B0A2https://www.mutualart.com/Artwork/Fisher
men/C3F974564CF0B0A2
9. Benedicto Cabrero was known as “Bencab” and he was marked as the best
seller of his generation. His artwork “Sabel” is a symbol of dislocation, despair
and isolation
Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+Sabel+by+Bencab&sxsrf=ALiCzsYL-
MzKPA9JnwXOIGSwRERz00yI5A:1658716542075&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&vet=
https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+Sabel+by+Bencab&sxsrf=ALiCzsYL-
MzKPA9JnwXOIGSwRERz00yI5A:1658716542075&tbm=isch&source=i
Page 13 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
III. Assessment
Painting activity: Identify the color scheme, method of presenting the subject that
you will apply to your artwork.
CRITERIA
1.Principles of design 30%
2.Craftsmanship: level of difficulty,No 30%
stray paint drips, marks, etc.
3. Content: (Message, comprehension of 40%
color scheme and method of
presentation)
References:
Bascara,Linda R. & Avillanoza T.2006.Humanities and the Digital Arts.Rex
Bookstore Inc.
Panisan,Wilson K. et.al.2016.Contemporary Philippine Arts.Mutya Publishing
House Inc.Potrero,Malabon City
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/apr/07/s
uperficial- sublime/?pagination=false
https://drawpaintacademy.com/shape/
www.duckters.com7history7art7expressionism
tate.org.uk/kids/explore/what-is/impressionism
nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Spoliarium.html
https://fineartamerica.com/art/paintings/mangling
https://www.pinterest.ph/robertrorich/distortion/
https://www.theartist.me/art-inspiration/20-most-famous-cubism-paintings/
https://blog.spoongraphics.co.uk/articles/30-modern-examples-of-the-cubism-
style-in-digital- art
https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/expressionism.ht
m https://www.identifythisart.com/art-movements-styles/modern-art/symbolism-
art-movement https://rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/juan-luna-boceto-
spoliarium https://www.parblo.com/blogs/guides/5-famous-impressionist-artists-
and-their-masterpieces https://www.eng-literature.com/2016/05/meaning-of-
literary-term-impressionism.html
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/351912458010814/ boredart.com
Page 14 of 15
ARTS 1100 (Art Appreciation)
https://www.pinterest.ph/veredgy/dada-art/
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/dada/artworks/
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movements-and-styles/
http://blog.artsome.co/surrealism-101-all-the-surrealist-art-you-need-to-see-
today/
Page 15 of 15
