The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/(Pra.Kra.

43/16) SD - 4
Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on
20.6.2019 and it has been decided to implement it from academic year 2019-20.

CHEMISTRY

Standard XI

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2019
Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and
Curriculum Research, Pune.
First Edition : © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and
2019 Curriculum Research, Pune - 411 004.
Reprint : 2021 The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production
and Curriculum Research reserves all rights relating to
the book. No part of this book should be reproduced
without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra
State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum
Research, ‘Balbharati’, Senapati Bapat Marg, Pune 411004.

Subject Committee Illustration

Shri. Pradeep Ghodke
Dr. Chandrashekhar V. Murumkar, Chairman Shri. Shubham Chavan
Cover
Dr. Sushama Dilip Joag, Member
Shri. Vivekanand S. Patil
Dr. Shridhar Pandurang Gejji, Member Typesetting
Dr. Satyawati Sudhir Joshi, Member DTP Section, Textbook Bureau, Pune

Dr. Rajashree Vikas Kashalkar, Member Co-ordination

Dr. Laxman Shamrao Patil, Member Shri. Rajiv Arun Patole
Special Officer for Chemistry
Shri. Rajesh Vamanrao Roman, Member
Shri. Rajiv Arun Patole, Member Secretary
Paper
70 GSM Creamwove
Print Order
Study group
Dr. Anjali Deepak Ruikar Printer
Shri. Sachin Ashok Bartakke
Smt. Archana Sanjeev Kale Production
Smt. Pushpalata Babanrao Gangarde Shri Sachchitanand Aphale
Chief Production Officer
Smt. Archana Dipak Harimkar
Shri Liladhar Atram
Shri. Vishnu Rustumrao Deshmukh Production Officer
Shri. Sharad Ajabrao Mankar
Publisher
Shri. Ritesh Vijay Bijewar
Shri Vivek Uttam Gosavi,
Shri. Rupesh Dinkar Thakur Controller
Shri. Milind Chandrakant Gaikwad Maharashtra State Textbook
Bureau, Prabhadevi,
Shri. Gajanan Shivajirao Suryawanshi Mumbai - 400 025
 The Constitution of India

Preamble

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having

solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to
all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith
and worship;
EQUALITY of status and    of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of
the individual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES
THIS CONSTITUTION.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
 Preface
Dear Students,
We welcome you all to std. XI. For the first time, you are being introduced to the
subject of chemistry discipline. You have already been acquainted with some of the
concepts of chemistry from standard five onwards, especially in the subject of general
science up to standard eight and science and technology for standard nine and ten.
Chemistry is very broad subject that covers many aspects of our everyday experience.
This textbook aims to create awareness and to understand certain essential aspects by the
national curriculum framework (NCF) which was formulated in 2005, followed by the
state curriculum framework (SCF) in 2010. Based on these two framework, reconstruction
of the curriculum and prepartion of a revised syllabus has been done and designed now.
The subject chemistry is the study of substances, their properties, structures and
transformation. The world is full of chemical substances and we need chemicals for many
useful purposes. Our body is a huge chemical factory. Keeping this in mind, the textbook
is written in organized manner. You can learn a very basic principles, understand facts
and put them into practice by learning in the classroom and laboratory. The textbook
is presented in a simple language with relevant diagrams, graphs, tables, photographs.
This will help you to understant various terminology, concepts with more clarity. All the
illustrations are in color form. The new syllabus focuses on the basic principles, concepts,
laws based on precise observations, their applications in everyday life and ability to
solve different types of problems. The general teaching - learing objectives of the revised
syllabus are further determined on the basis of the ‘Principle of constructivism’ i.e. self
learning.
The curriculum and syllabus is designed to make the students to think independently.
The student are encouraged to read, study more through the additional information given
in the colored boxes. Activities have been introduced in each chapter. These activities
will not only help to understand the content knowledge on your own efforts. QR code
have been introduced for gaining the additional information, abstracts of chapters and
practice questions/ activities.
The efforts taken to prepare the text book will help the students think about more
than just the content of the chemical concepts. Teachers, parents as well as those aspiring
condidates preparing for the competitive examinations will also be benefited.
We look forward to a positive response from the teachers and students.
Our best wishes to all !

(Dr. Sunil Magar)

Director
Pune
Maharashtra State Bureau of
Date : 20 June 2019 Textbook Production and
Bharatiya Saur : 30 Jyeshtha 1941 Curriculum Research, Pune 4
 - For Teachers -
Dear Teachers,
We are happy to introduce the revised textbook • Each unit is structured in a definite manner.
of chemistry for std. XI. This book is a sincere It starts from the basic concepts of general
attempt to follow the maxims of teaching as well chemistry required for each branch of
as develop a ‘constructivist’ approach to enhance chemistry. Application of this knowledge will
the quality of learning. The demand for more help students to understand further chapters in
activity based, experiential and innovative learning each unit.
opportunities is the need of the time. The present • Each chapter provides solved problems on
curriculum has been restructured so as to bridge the each and every concept and various laws. The
credibility gap that exists in the experience in the solved problems are put into boxes. Teachers
outside world. Guidelines provided below will help should expalin each step of the problem and
to enrich the teaching - lerning process and achieve give them pratice.
the desired learning outcomes. • Ask the students about the related information,
• To begin with, get familiar with the textbook backgroud about the chapter. You are provided,
yourself. for this with the different boxes like ‘Can You
• The present book has been prepared for Recall’, ‘Do you know?’
construtivism and activity based learning. • Encourage the students to collect related
• Teachers must skillfully plan and organize the information by providing them the websites.
activities provided in each chapter to develop • Teaching- learning interactions, processes and
interest as well as to stimulate the thought participation of all students are necessary and
process among the students. so is your active guidance.
• Always teach with proper planning. • Do not use the content of the boxes titles ‘Do
• Use teaching aids as required for the proper you know’? for evaluation.
understanding of the subject. • Exercises include parameters such as co-
• Do not finish the chapter in short. relation, critical thinking, analytical reasoning
• Follow the order of the chapters strictly as etc. Evaluation pattern should be based on the
listed in the contents because the units are given paramerters. Equal weightage should
introduced in a graded manner to facilitate be assigned to all the topics. Use different
knowledge building. combinations of questions.

Remember Try this Can you recall? Can you tell?

Front Page : The photograph depicts transmission

electron micrograph (TEM) of a few layer Use your brain power
Graphene (left). The electron diffraction pattern
(hexagonal arrangement of spots corresponds to
the hexagonal symmetry of the structure of Just think Activity :
Graphene (Right).
Picture Credit : Prof. Dr. M. A. More,
Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune
Universiy, Pune 411007. Do you know ? Exercises

Observe and Discuss Find out Internet my friend

DISCLAIMER Note : All attempts have been made to contact copy right/s (©) but we have not heard from them. We will
be pleased to acknowledge the copy right holder (s) in our next edition if we learn from them.
 Competency Statements - Standard XI
Area/ Unit/
After studying the contents in Textbook students.....
Lesson
• Understand the SI unit of important fundamental scientific quantities.
• Explain various fundamental laws of chemical combination, which are
applied in day-to-day life.
• Relate basic concepts of number of moles and molecules.
• Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• Develop accuracy, precision, concentration ability in taking accurate
reading.
General • Calculate empirical formula and molecular formula of compounds.
chemistry • Obtain information about different techniques to purify substance as
well as separation of miscible solids and liquids.
• Gain the information about various theories, principles, put up by
eminent Scientists leading to atomic stucture.
• Classify elements isotopes, isobars and isotones.
• Understand the duel nature of electron.
• Application of concept of quantum number in writing electronic
configuration of various elements.
• Inculcate social and scientific awareness by gaining knowledge of
oxidation-reduction concept.
• Evaluate oxidation number of elements and balance the redox reaction
by different methods.
• Categorize oxidizing and reducing agents with their applications.
• Classify elements based on electronic configuration.
• Understand co-relation between the various properties like atomic size,
valency, oxidation state, ionization enthalpy and electronegativity in a
group and in a period.
• Recognize isoelectronic species.
Inorganic • Compare the trends in physical and chemical properties in group I and
chemistry group II. Understand the diagonal relationship.
• Gain the knowledge of hydrogen from periodic table.
• Develop interest in systematic study of elements present in Group 13,
Group 14 and group15.
• Learn anomalous behaviors of boron, carbon and nitrogen .
• Draw the structures of some compounds of boron, carbon and nitrogen.
• Elaborate information about various theories to explain nature of
bonding in formation of molecules.
• Inculcate skill to draw Lewis structure of molecules.
• Assign the structures of various compounds with respect to geometry,
bond angle and types of bond.
 • Generate environmental awareness by compiling concepts of
adsorption phenomenon.
• Learn science behind the fact about colloids in day to day life.
• Interpret nature, difference and relation of equilibrium constant.
• Design the suitable conditions to get more yield of the desired product.
• Differentiate nuclear reactions with ordinary chemical reaction.
Physical • Acquire knowledge of natural radioactivity and related terms like
chemistry nuclear transmutation, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
• Clarify the beneficial and harmful effects of radioactivity.
• State the applications of radioactive elements like carbon dating,
nuclear reactor, generation of electricity and medicinal uses.
• Develop mathematical skills in finding radioactive decay constant,
half life period and nuclear binding energy.
• Interpret the structure and functional group of organic compounds.
• IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.
• Understand the influence of electronic displacement and reactivity in
organic molecules.
Organic • Draw the formulae of various isomers of organic compounds.
chemistry • Illustrate different methods of preparation and chemical properties of
hydrocarbons.
• Infer importance of hydrocarbon.
• Gain information of medicinal properties of some chemical
compounds and chemistry behind food quality and cleasing action.

CONTENTS
Sr. No Title Page No
1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 1 - 12
2 Introduction to Analytical Chemistry 13 - 26
3 Basic Analytical Techniques 27 - 34
4 Structure of Atom 35 - 54
5 Chemical Bonding 55 - 80
6 Redox Reactions 81- 92
7 Modern Periodic Table 93 - 109
8 Elements of Group 1 and 2 110 - 122
9 Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 123 - 134
10 States of Matter 135 - 159
11 Adsorption and Colloids 160 - 173
12 Chemical Equilibrium 174 - 189
13 Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity 190 - 203
14 Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry 204 - 232
15 Hydrocarbons 233 - 260
16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 261 - 270