5 PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT
FACTS THAT MATTER
's personality is the cumulation of mental characteristics that makes them unique
An individual

from other people.

patterms of thoughts andemotions that cause us to do and say things in particular
It includes all
ways.
development is, developing a personality so as to create a strong positive impression
Personality
with the targeted
group.
about self
positive behaviour that enable
* Life skills: WHO has defined life skills as “abilities for adopting

individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
an individual. They are as
There are ten core life skills which help in enhancing the personality of

follows:
(b) Empathy
(a) Selfawareness
(d) Creative thinking
(c) Critical thinking
(f)Decision making
Problem solving skills
(e)
(h) Effective communication
relationship
(g) Interpersonal stress
(k) Coping with
) Coping with emotions

FACTORS INFLUENCING/SHAPING PERSONALITY below have a lasting effect

suggestthat factors given
modern psychologicalstudies
* Traditionally,
on an individual's
• Hereditary
personality.
• Self-development
• Education
• Environment • Past experiences
• Life-situations • Self-image
• Dreans and ambitions
• Values
of
oneself in
spite
Self Awareness accepting
and
and our personality,
*
Self-awareness involves knnowing ourselves strengths,
and
likes, dislikes,
since Iam
a
our imperfections.
It includes all aspects of our
selves -our thoughts,
emotions,
but still
imperfect,
I like myself
I am
fact that though how we
weakness,acknowledging the - first being
good human being and possess many qualities. on two aspects us.
to concentrate others perceive
To have complete self-awareness one needs second,how etc.
perceive ourselves
weakness, abilities,
our strengths,
84 NCC Common Subject

Both the views give a person a complete picture about

together
oneself.
Every person perceives oneselfin three aspects:
(a) The perceived self- the way we see ourselves.
The real self- the way we truly are.
(c) The ideal self- the way we would like to be.
Unhappiness and poor adjustmentsin people are mainly because of
perceived and the real or ideal self. discrepancies
betwen
These unhappiness and poor adjustmentsare due to
misperceptionsof self
discontentment. which
thereby
led
Empathy
* Empathy the ability to imaginewhat
is
life is like for another
Without empathy our
person.
communication with others will be one sided
and is
in relationship as we will be indifferent to
bound toface
emotions of others. probie

Empathy has the following

components:
(a) Putting oneself in other's shoes.
() To see things firom other's point of view.
(c)
Understanding what the other
person is feeling.
(d) Beingable to
communicate this
(e) Being understandingto the person, in
action or bywords.
non-judgmentaland not agreeing
person and his her behaviour. or disagreeing with the
person, but accepting t
() Not taking the issue on
one's own shoulders.
Critical and Creative Thinking
Critical
thinking is the
* Critical
process
thinking involves
of
determining theauthenticity,
accuracy
logical thinking or value
* It also includes and reasoning. of soments
skills such as
comparison,
planning and is classification,
cause/effect, deductive reasoning.
(a)
characterized bythe abilityto:
Seek reasons and
alternatives
) Perceive the total
situation
(c) Change
one's views based
on evidence
Critical thinking
requires skills in:
(a) Analyzing the
(b) Thinking information and
aboutdifferent examining it in detail.
(c) Problem perspectives and
possibilities.
(d) solving-Considering available
Reasoning- Thinking information before decisi
(e) logically; makinglinks making an appropriate
Evaluating- between ideas and information.
Examining
Critical
thinking isabout information, to assess
(a) following whether it is useful,relevant, and reliabe
attitudes:
(b) Open-mindedness -Willing to
Flexibility Able- to change
examine multiple
(c)
(d)
Persistence -
Able to follow
yourpointof
a line of view.
pointsofviews.

Interpersonal reasoning.
(e) sensitivity- Willing
Intercultural to respect
sensitivity - theopinions
Creative Thinking of others. ek
Respecting
diversity of Variations,
culture, socio-economic
 'ageNo
Date

Personality Development 85

the following:
* Creativity encompasses (b)An attitude
(a) An ability

(c) A process
of a creative person. A creative person has the following characteristics:
Characteristics
(b) Seeks problems
(a)Curious (d) Optimistic
challenges
(c) Enjoys
judgment () Comfortable with imagination
(e) Able to suspend
as opportunities (h)Sees problems as interesting
(g) Sees problems
acceptable
(i) Problems are emotionally

(i) Challenges assumptions

works hard
(k) Doesn't give up casily: perseveres,

Decision-Making
* Decision-making is acomplex process.
made more some are made
after careful deliberation, some are
hastily;
* Some decisions are made
own will, some under the pressure of others.
through our past
we make. Sometimes due to the
* Our past experiences determine many of the decisions
of doing things differently.
experiences we are afraid aware of our choices
on understanding the situation well, being
* Good decision making depends
the consequencesof our
choices.
and, above all visualising
whilemaking a decision are:
Some of the major steps to be followed
(a) ldentify the problem
the relevant data
(b) Gather and analyse
to the problem
(c) Postulate solutions
implications of each
alternative
(d) Analyse the the approach if necessary
follow-up and modify
the best alternative
(e) Select and act on

Solving on a piece of
write down the problem
Problem
the problem. Once we
to identify
* Most of the people refuse
paper, it will be easy
to

Once We define the problem

solve it with suitable

clearly on paper
solutions.

we ,
analyse the problem

ofroutine through the

and find the ways to solve
environmentaround us.
it.

thinking instead and

* We have to adopt logical always find all the altematives
In ,
general every problem
take the best one.
has many solutions,
so, should we
in fact turn them
into
our problems, but
only toconfront
empower us not
*Problem solving skills
pportunities.

Communication Skills through speech,

feelings and understanding
thoughts,
is sharing ideas, opinions,
*Communication two or more persons.
Writing, gestures or symbols between
Different Ways of Communication
as under:
Ihere are three waysof communication
(b)Passive
(a) Aggressive
(c) Assertive
86 NCC Common Subject

Components of Effective Communication

* Effective communication involves:
(a) Verbal communication (b)Non-verbal communication
(c) Listening

Common Barriers to Effective Communication

* No matter how good and effective

communicator may be, yet the fact is
a
thatone
certain barriers, fromtimeto time, which forces themto work on does
becoming even more
their skills to communicate.
effectve n
Some of the communicationbarriers are listed below that occur
while
the case of non-verbal listening,
communications. speaking and m
Listening barriers.
Barriers while speaking.
Other bariers
(a) Assumptions, forinstance assuming others see a situation same as you or have sam
feelings as yours.
) Patems Reverting to type.
(c) Language Different level of meaning.
(d) Erroneous transition, value judgment.
(e) Use of negative words.
() Perceptions - Depending on
mood, the receiver may misinterpret the message.
The following steps will
help in reducing the
(a) Plan ahead communication gap:
(b) Involve
others to contribute
to planning
(c) Listen to the
suggestions made by others
(d) Speak with
purposeand be
specific
(e) Justify
your stand without
() Have asense of humour
upsetting others

(g)Have empathy
(h)Do not be judgmental
6) Donot underestimate the ability of
(k) Observe the body language or
others to contribute
() Be
transparent to inform
the non-verbal
communication ofothers
(m)
Modifythe plans to
others of the
planned activities
suit the need and get feedback
(n) The words
"yes' and 'no'
arevery
Coping with Stress powerful.Learn to
and Emotions use them
* appropriatey
Stress is a very
* It is our
common
body's phenomenon and is
reaction to universal in
Coping peopleand nature.
with stress eventsandto
us
means our own
physically and recognizing the source thoughts.
of stress in aftecs
changingour emotionally, and
acting in
our lives,
recognizing
how this by
ways
Too much environmentor lifestyleand that help us
control our levels of
stress,

stress can
have learning how
to relax.
well-being of an individual.physical and and
psychological the health
effects that interfere with
 Personality Development 87

stresS can lower sclf-esteem, decrcase academic performance and create a

Overtime repeated
of self-blameand
self-doubt.
cvcle
that help you as an individual.
reducing stress is to find strategies
The key to
cope with unhcalthy stress is to recognize when your stress levels are building.
The best way to needs to find ways that work best for
*
There are many ways to manage negative stress. Everyone

them.
(b) Talk it out
(a) Take a deep breath
(d) Create a quict place in your mind
(c) Take a break
comfort () Move
(e) Pay attention to physical
(h) Laugh
(g) Take care
of your body
your time () Know your limits
(i) Manage
(1) Have a good cry
to be right always?
(k) Do you have
around you
(m) Look for the good things
(n) Talk less, listen more

CHANGE YOUR MINDSET

What is Mindset
and interpreting.
Our minds are constantly monitoring
Sometimes the interpretation process goes awry. and then react with
more extreme interpretations on things that happen
Some people put
superiority.
depression, anger or
exaggerated feelings of anxiety, the world and
including beliefs and thoughts about
sum of your knowledge,
Your mindset is the

yourself in it.

and react to information.

* Itdetermines how you receive
abilities can be developed
through
that their most basic
In growth mindset, people believe
a
starting point.
dedication and hard work.
Brain and talent are justthe
productivity in the
world of business, education,
growth mindset creates motivationand
Teachinga
and sports.
* It enhancesrelationships.

How to change your Mindset

* Get the best information only

* Find the best role models

* Examine your current beliefs
and goal
* Shape your mindset with vision
* Find your voice
* Protect your mindset
Let go of comparisons
* Put an end to perfectionism
* Look at the evidence
* Redefine what failure means
Slopworrying about what 'people'think
 88 NCC Common Subject

Time Management
Time management is a set of skills, tools, and systems that work together
value to help
outof your time and use to
accomplish what you want.
it
you
Successful
people use time management to achieve
outstanding results,
professionally. both
The totime management to realize that
key perOnally a
you cannot possibly
is
do
do; instead,you have everything
to prioritize what you are going to do that
with the limited time there
your disposal. that
you
havea
Principlesof Time
Management
Following are some basic
principles of time
management:
Developa personal sense of
time.
Identify long-term
goals.
Concentrateon high return
activities.
Weekly and daily planning
* Make the best use of your
best
Make use of committed time. time.
Manage your health.

SOCIAL SKILLS
Etiquette
* Etiquette a
code of behaviour
is
that delineates
contemporaryconventional expectationsfor social
norms within a behaviour according to

encompass most aspects society, social class,

or group.
* Types of etiquettes
of social
interaction in any
society.
Rules of etiquet

(a) Social
etiquette
(c) Corporate (b) Bathroom
etiquette etiquette
(e) Meeting
etiquette
() Wedding etiquette
(g) Eating etiquette ()Telephone
etiquette
Need for Etiquette (h) Business
etiquette
* Etiquette
makes you a cultured
Etiquette teaches
you the way
individual who leaves his
* to talk, mark wherever he
Etiquetteis walk and most goes.
essential foran importantlybehave in
parents, everlasting first thesociely
*
fellow
workers,friends impression. The way
Etiquette speak a lot about you interact with your Superiors.
enables the your personality
individuals to earn and
Manners respect and up-bringing
appreciationin the
* Having society.
good manners
is not just
the feelings albout
of others and blending with the
taking best; rather considering
How to improve your responsitbility.
it is more about
social skills
A human
being is a social animal, but
Having sound thequestion
social skills is is, does
extremelyimportant everyone possess social skills?
in the
presenttimes.
 Personality Development 89

your social skills by just

You can improve putting in a little effort. However,following
social skills.
are the few
tins on how to improve

Beyourself
(a) (b) Be responsible
(c) Be open and approachable (d) Be attentive

(e) Be polite
() Be aware
(g) Be cautious

IMPORTANCE OF GROUPITEAM WORK

of Groups
Types and Characteristics
*A group can be defined as any number people who share goals, often communicate with one
of

another over a period of time, and arefew enough,so that each individual may communicatewith
the others. person-to-person. Two or more peopleinteracting to achieve a common objectiveis

also called a group.

Classification/Types of Groups. Groups can be of the following types:

(a) Friendship Group

(b) Task Group
i) Formal Group
(ü) Informal Group
(ii) Effective Group

Importance of a Group. work

objectives for which they
(a) In a group, people
come together to achievesome common
pre-determined goals and targets.
utilise resources to reach
in a structured fashionand by a
in it. One work which
seems impossible, can be done
lot of power
(b) A group carries a

group strength very easily.

one central authority.
(c) are one large nation with
We
Typesand Characteristicsof a Team
,
who share responsibility for
outcomes ,who
people who are interdependent called
When two or more as an intact social entity
in a larger social system
are

are seen by others

See themselvesand
as Team'.

Types of Teams
(a) Functional teams
(b) Problem solving teams
(c) Cross-functional teams
(d) Self-managed teams
skills
and
Importance of a Team. (abilities,
competencies
relationship
* with complementary and working
A team is a small number of people goals
performance,
common
knowledge) who are committed towards as a result of
accountable. of high quality
for which mutually
they hold themselves the achievement
* A key aim teamwork is group synergy,
namely
their
of
team members,
combined individual contributions.
We know
guidelines.
* In set of team
a team we can establish an agreed roles.
and preferred
strengths, andI prefered ways of working
0 NCCCommen Subject

*Working in groups and teams requires alot oftolerance andtinme to come to

decisions conclusions

CAREER COUNSELLING, sSB PROCEDURE ANDINTERVIEW SKILLS

Creer Ceunselling
*Career development is a lifelong processthat actually starts when an individual
is
a number of factors that influence
career development, including one's borm.There
interest,
personality, background, and circumstances. abilities,
value,
*Career counselling is counselling or mentoring/coaching on issues related to an ind
carcer.

*Caree counselling helps individuals make the right choice about their
development and careerchange. career
paths,

*Career counselling is a processthat will help you to know and understand

ofwork in order to make career, educational, yourself andthe
and life decisions. word
*Careerdevelopment is more than just deciding on a
graduate. subjectand what job you
want to get when v
*Career counselling or career guidance
includesa wide variety of
people deal with career- professional activitieswhich he
related challenges.
Benefits of career
counselling are as follows:
(a) Helps indetermininga
student's true potential.
(b) Cleardoubts.
(c)Support and motivation.
(d)Guidance to students.
SSB Procedure
* The SSB Procedure hastwO stages
of testing over a
Reporting Day period of 05 days.
Stage-1 Testing

(a) Screening
(b) Verbal and
non-verbal test
(c) PPDT
(d) Results of screening

Stage-2 Testing
(a) Psychological test
(b) Battery of test
(i)
Thematic
AppreciationTest
(ii) Word [TAT]
Association Test[WAT]
(ii) Situation
ReactionTest
(iv)Self-Description [SRTI
Test
(c) TAT [SD
(d) WAT
(e) SRT
() SD