G.M.

Momin Women's College

 Name: Ansari Hera Naaz Naushad Alam

 I'd no. : 5 4 8 1
 Class: T.Y. B.Sc. (Zoology)
 Subject: Zoology paper 1
 Guided by: Dr. Heena Momin
 Topic: Study of different types of vertiberate
Fishes in Bhiwand
 Acknowledgment:
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Dr. Heena Momin, our HOD Dr.
Anis Chaudhary as well as our principal Dr. Naheed mam
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic "Study of different types
of fishes in Bhiwandi" which also helped me in doing a
lot of research and I came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.
Index:

Topics Page Remarks

no.

Introduction 4- 8
Different types of fishes 9- 18
Pomfret
Eel
Anchovy
Shark
Tilapia
Giant-river catfish
Indian Salmon
Rohu
Catla
Tengara

Summary 19
 Introduction:
The animal kingdom has been divided into two major groups:
Invertebrates and Vertebrates. Invertebrates are those that do not
possess a vertebral column or backbone while Vertebrates are
those where vertebral column or backbone is present.

Vertebrate :
 Vertebrates have a backbone or spinal column, have an internal
skeleton made of bone, an advanced nervous system with a
developed brain and have outer covering of protective cellular
skin.
 Vertebrates are stronger, faster and mostly bigger than the
invertebrates.
 Vertebrates have only bilateral symmetry and having a closed
circulatory system.
Almost 5 % of animal species are vertebrates.There are 57,739
species of vertebrates
 These have complex and highly specialized organ systems with
specific functions.
 Examples of vertebrates are humans, primates (gorillas,
monkeys, orang-utans), marsupials (kangaroo, koala), reptiles
(crocodiles, lizards, snakes), birds, seals, dolphins, mammals.
Invertebrate:
 Invertebratesas the animals which do not have the backbone.
 They can be found almost everywhere, even from the hottest
deserts to the deepest seabed. And also from the darkest
caves to the tallest mountains.
 Generally, their body size is smaller than vertebrates.
 All invertebrates possess an open circulatory system.
 They have radial or bilateral body symmetry.
  Almost 95% of animal species are invertebrates.
 These have a simple and unorganized nervous system.
 Examples of invertebrates are insects, flatworms,
 jellyfish, flies.

Boney fish and Cartilaginous fish:

Bony Fish:
 All bony fish fall under the superclass Osteichthyes
 They are both fresh water as well as marine water.
 Endoskeleton is made up of bones. Exoskeleton is made up
of cycloid scale.
 They have four pairs of gills and Liver is trilobed.
 They are viviparous or ovoviviparous.
 Cloacal aperture is absent & fertilization is external.
 Cartilaginous Fish:
 Cartilaginous fishes fall under the class Chondrichthyes.
 They are marine water fish and have 5-7 pair of gills.
 Endoskeleton is made up of cartilage and exoskeleton is
made up of placoid scale.
 Liver is bilobed and they are viviparous.
 Cloacal aperture is present & fertilization is internal.

Freshwater fish & Marinewater fish:

Freshwater Fish:
 Freshwater fish have large, well-developed kidneys that are
able to process vast quantities of water.
 Body tissues contain more salt than the water.
 Found in freshwater fishes like rivers and lakes. E.g., Catla,
Rohu.

Marinewater Fish:
 Saltwater fish lose large quantities of internal body fluids
through their gills because of osmosis.
 Body tissue contain less salt then the water
 Found in Ocean or Sea water. E.g. Hilsa, sardines
 "Different Types of Fishes"
Pomfret fish:
Scientific name: Pampus argenteus
Common name: paplet
 It is a bony fish and has a flat body, long dorsal fin, and a deeply
forked tail.
 Pomfret fish is a marine water fish with one single bone.
 Found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
 Pomfret is one of the few fish that does not taste fishy.
 The unique quality of this fish is its taste and white meat.
 Eel Fish:
Scientific name: Anguilliformes
Common name: Vam or bam fish
 Eel fish is bony fish, carnivorous and long-living species.
 Eels live both in salt water and fresh water.
 They spend most of their life in fresh water, but return to the sea to
breed. The eel only breeds once during its lifetime.
 Eels are elongated fish, ranging in length from 5 cm to 4 m. Adults
range in weight from 30 g to well over 25 kg.
 The eel is referred to as "The Devil of the Sea."
 Indian Anchovy Fish:
Scientific name: Engraulidae
Common name: Mandeli
 An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family
Engraulidae.
 It is bony fish and body is a typical engraulid form with light
transparent fleshy brown, and silver stripe down flank.
 Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter
brackish water,
 It is a small schooling fish found in depth of 20-50m in most of the
tropical areas of the Indo-pacific oceans
 Indian anchovy usually feeds on planktons. It is widely used as a
live or dead bait in tuna fishery.
 Shark Fish:
Scientific name: Selachimorpha
Common name: Shark
 Shark is cartilaginous fish and they use their gills to filter oxygen
from the water.
 They range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark only 17 cm in
length to the whale shark, which reaches approximately 12
metres in length.
 They generally do not live in freshwater although there are a few
known exceptions, such as the river shark, which can be found in
both seawater and freshwater.
 Not all sharks make for good eating, but there are a few that top
the tasty list, including: Mako, Thresher, Sevengill, Soupfin,
Shovelnose, and Blacktip.
 Tilapia Fish:
Scientific name: Oreochromis niloticus
Common name: Tilappa
 It is a Boney fish and have laterally compressed, deep bodies. Tilapia
exist in or can adapt to a very wide range of conditions.
 Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish inhabiting shallow streams, ponds,
rivers, and lakes.
 Tilapia are also known to be mouth-brooding species, which means
they carry the fertilized eggs and young fish in their mouths for
several days after the yolk sac is absorbed.
 The popularity of tilapia came about due to its low price, easy
preparation, and mild taste
 Giant river- Catfish:
Scientific name: Sperata seenghala
Common name: Singhada, Seenghala
 Seenghala is freshwater fish, found in rivers, canals, beels, ditches,
and other freshwater areas.
 It is bony fish and reach a length of 150 cm, though lengths up to 40
cm are more usual.
 It is found in southern Asia in the countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan,
India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
 It is commercially fished for human consumption as well as being a
popular gamefish with a reputation for being a good fighter.
 Indian Salmon:
Scientific name: Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Common name: Rawas
 Salmon fish is freshwater fish, mostly occurs in shallow muddy
bottoms and coastal waters of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
 These fishes are Bony fish and relatively thick-bodied creatures, with
 a torpedo-like shape that narrows at the head and the tail.
 They hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh
water to reproduce.
 Salmon makes for an excellent brain food. Rich in omega- 3 fatty
acids, the fatty fish helps sharpen your brain and improves your
memory retention.
 Indian Salmon is famous for its delicious taste with white meat.
 Rohu:
Scientific name: Labeo rohita
Common name: Rohu
 Rohu fish, is one of the typical fresh-water bony fishes of India.
 Rohu is a large, silver-colored fish of typical cyprinid shape, with a
conspicuously arched head.
 Adults can reach a maximum weight of 45 kg and maximum length of
2 m, but average around 1⁄ 2 m.
 Rohu is a species of fish of the carp family, found in rivers in South
Asia. It is a large omnivore and extensively used in aquaculture.
 Rohu is enriched with a handsome amount of protein. Packed with
Omega 3 fatty acids and vitamins A, B, and C.
 Catla:
Scientific name: Labeo catla
Common name: Bhakur
 Catla is Bony fish with large and broad head, a large protruding
lower jaw, and upturned mouth. It has large, greyish scales on its
dorsal side and whitish on its belly.
 It reaches up to 182 cm in length and 38.6 kg in weight.
 The Catla fish is a freshwater species, and it is found rarely in
brakish water. Some common habitats of this fish species are
baors, beels, canals, ditch, floodplains, ponds and lakes.
 The Catla fish is bred and cultivated mainly for food, it is also often
used as game fish in some place.
 The fish is mainly found in the rives and lakes in northern India,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Myanmar.
 Tengara Fish:
Scientific name: Mystus Tengara
Common name: Tengna
 Tengra or Tengna is a small size catfish and one of the tasty fish.
 Mystus tengara is freshwater fish, found in ponds, tanks,
floodplain area, beels, chaurs and ditches.
 The genus have a thin needle-like first infraorbital, twisted and
thickened metapterygoid loosely attached to the quadrate by
means of ligament or a small extent of cartilage.
 Mostly found in rivers of Indian state of Bihar, Odisha,
Chhattisgarh and Bengal.
 SUMMARY:

The term "fish" describes any non-tetrapod chordate,

(i.e., an animal with a backbone), that has gills throughout life
and has limbs, if any, in the shape of fins. Fish are
paraphyletic collection of taxa, including jawless, skeletal
and cartilaginous types. Fish are very diverse animals and can
be categorised in many ways. Fish species diversity is roughly
divided equally between marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Only 58 percent of extant fish species live in saltwater.
A disproportionate 41 percent are freshwater fish and the
remaining one percent are anadromous. Fishes range in adult
length from less than 10 mm to more than 20 metres and in
weight from about 1.5 grams to many thousands of kilograms.
Some live in shallow thermal springs at temperatures slightly
above 42 °C, others in cold Arctic seas a few degrees below 0
°C or in cold deep waters more than 4,000 metres beneath
the ocean surface.
Fish are sought after by humans for their value as
commercial food fish, recreational sport fish, decorative
aquarium fish and for tourism, as they attract snorkelers and
scuba divers.