Full Stack Java Internship

An Internship Report Submitted at the end of the Eighth semester

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(Internet of Things)

Submitted By

Rongali Ashok (21981A4951)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. PSL Sravani

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
Affiliated to JNTU GURAJADA, VIZIANAGARAM
Approved by AICTE, accredited by NBA, Accredited by
NAAC with A grade www.raghuenggcollege.com
2023-2024

RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1
 (AUTONOMOUS)
Affiliated to JNTU GURAJADA, VIZIANAGARAM
Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA,
Accredited by NAAC with A grade
www.raghuenggcollege.com
2023-2024

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Internship entitled “Full Stack Java Intern” done by
“Rongali Ashok (21981A4951)” is a student of B.Tech in the Department of Computer
Science and Engineering - IoT, Raghu Engineering College, during the period 2020-2024, in
partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science
and Engineering to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Gurajada Vizianagaram is
a record of bonafide work carried out under my guidance and supervision. The results
embodied in this internship report have not been submitted to any other University
or Institute for the award of any Degree.

Internal Guide
Head of the Department
Mrs. PSL Sravani Dr.R.Sivaranjani
Raghu Engineering college Dept of CSE - IoT
Raghu Engineering College
Dakamarri(v)
Dakamarri (V)
Visakhapatnam. Visakhapatnam.

2
 EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DISSERTION APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the dissertation titled

Full Stack Java Internship

BY
Rongali Ashok (21981A4951)

Is approved of the degree of Bachelor of Technology

INTERNSHIP GUIDE Designation

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

HOD

Date:

3
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that this internship titled “Full Stack Java

Intern” is bonafide work done by me, impartial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree B.Tech, and submitted
to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri.
I also declare that this internship is a result of my effort
and that has not been copied from anyone and I have taken
only citations from the sources which are mentioned in the
references.
This work was not submitted earlier at any other University
or Institute for the reward of any degree.

Date:
Place: Visakhapatnam

Rongali Ashok
21981A4951

4
CERTIFICATE

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express sincere gratitude to my esteemed Institute “Raghu Engineering

College” which has provided us an opportunity to fulfill the most cherished desire

to reach my goal.

I take this opportunity with great pleasure to put on record our

ineffable personal indebtedness to Mr. Raghu Kalidindi, Chairman of Raghu
Engineering College for providing necessary departmental facilities.

I would like to thank the Principal Dr. CH. Srinivasu of “Raghu

Engineering College”, for providing the requisite facilities to carry out
projects on campus. Your expertise in the subject matter and dedication to
our project have been a source of inspiration for all of us.

I sincerely express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr.R.Sivaranjani,

Head of Department Department of Computer Science and Engineering
(Internet of Things), Raghu Engineering College, for his perspicacity, wisdom
and sagacity coupled with compassion and patience. It is my great pleasure to
submit this work under his wing.
I thank you for guiding us for the successful completion of this project work.

I would like to thank Skill Dzire for providing the technical guidance
to carry out the module assigned. Your expertise in the subject matter and
dedication towards our have been a source of inspiration for all of us.

I extend my deep hearted thanks to all faculty members of the

Computer Science department for their value-based imparting of theory and
practical subjects, which were used in the project.

I thank the non-teaching staff of the Department of Computer Science

and Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, for their inexpressible support.

Regards
Rongali Ashok
(21981A4927)

6
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO Content Page No

1. Introduction 8

2. Chapter – 1

Java Concepts 11

3. Chapter – 2
System design 13

4. Chapter – 3

Front End Deveoper 20

Back End Developer 25

5. Chapter – 4
Data Base Management 28

6. Chapter – 5

Testing and Debugging 30

Deployment and Maintenance 33
Project 37

7. Conclusion 49

7
 INTRODUCTION

 1.1 Brief Overview of the Internship Program at Skill Dzire

 Internship Program Overview The internship program at
Skill Dzire is a comprehensive training program designed
to provide students and young professionals with hands-on
experience in the field of software development. The
program aims to equip interns with the necessary skills
and knowledge to succeed in the industry.
 Objectives The primary objectives of the internship
program are:
 Practical Experience: Provide interns with practical
experience in software development, testing, and
deployment.
 Skill Development: Equip interns with the necessary skills
and knowledge to succeed in the industry.
 Industry Exposure: Expose interns to real-world industry
projects and challenges.
 Expectations from the Intern The internship program
expects interns to:
 Be Proactive: Take initiative and be proactive in learning and
completing tasks.
 Be Collaborative: Work collaboratively with the team to
achieve project goals.

8
 Be Adaptable: Be adaptable to new technologies and
changing project requirements.
 Expectations from the Organization The organization
expects to:
 Provide Guidance: Provide guidance and mentorship to
interns.
 Provide Resources: Provide necessary resources and
infrastructure for interns to complete their projects.
 Evaluate Progress: Evaluate the progress of interns and
provide feedback.
1.2 Background and Motivation for the Project
 Problem Domain The problem domain of the project
revolves around the need for efficient and reliable software
development practices. With the increasing demand for
software applications, there is a growing need for developers
to adopt efficient and reliable development practices.
 Significance The project is significant because it addresses
a real-world problem faced by the software development
industry. The project aims to provide a comprehensive
solution to the problem, making it relevant to the industry.
 Motivation The motivation for choosing this project is to
provide a comprehensive solution to the problem of
inefficient software development practices. The project is
relevant to the industry because it addresses a real-world
problem and provides a practical solution.
 Relevance to the Industry The project is relevant to the
industry because it:

9
 Addresses a Real-World Problem: The project addresses a
real-world problem faced by the software development
industry.
 Provides a Practical Solution: The project provides a
practical solution to the problem, making it relevant to the
industry.
 Improves Efficiency: The project aims to improve the
efficiency of software development practices, making it
relevant to the industry.

10
 Chapters - 1

Chapter 1: Literature Review

 1.1 Overview of Full Stack Java Development
Full stack Java development with Spring Boot and Angular involves
building a comprehensive web application that encompasses both front-
end and back-end development.
In this approach, Spring Boot is used for building the back-end, which
includes creating RESTful APIs, database integration, and server-side logic.
On the other hand, Angular is used for building the front-end, which
includes creating the user interface, client-side logic, and user
experience.
Significance of Full Stack Java Development:
Full stack Java development is significant because it allows developers to
work on all layers of a web application, from the front-end user interface
to the back-end server-side logic. This approach enables developers to
have complete control over the application, ensuring seamless integration
and efficient communication between the front-end and back-end.
Overview of Java Programming Language:
Java is an object-oriented programming language that is widely used for
developing large-scale applications. It is known for its platform
independence, strong security features, and vast ecosystem of libraries
and tools. Java is used for developing Android apps, web applications,
enterprise software, and desktop applications.
Overview of Spring Boot Framework:
Spring Boot is a popular Java-based framework used for building web
applications and microservices. It provides a flexible and efficient way to
build applications by simplifying the development process and reducing
the boilerplate code. Spring Boot is known for its auto-configuration
feature, which enables developers to focus on writing business logic
rather than configuring the application.
11
Overview of Angular Framework:
Angular is a popular JavaScript-based framework used for building
single-page applications and progressive web apps. It provides a robust
and efficient way to build applications by simplifying the development
process and reducing the boilerplate code. Angular is known for its
component-based architecture, which enables developers to build
reusable UI components.

Key Features of Java

1. Platform Independence:
 Java is designed to run on any device that has a Java Virtual
Machine (JVM), allowing developers to write code once and run
it anywhere (WORA).
2. Object-Oriented:
 Java follows the principles of object-oriented programming
(OOP), which promotes code reusability, modularity, and
organization through concepts like classes and objects.
3. Strongly Typed:
 Java enforces strict type checking at both compile-time and
runtime, reducing the likelihood of type-related errors.
4. Automatic Memory Management:
 Java uses garbage collection to automatically manage memory,
helping to prevent memory leaks and optimize resource
usage.
5. Rich Standard Library:
 Java provides a comprehensive set of libraries and APIs
that support various functionalities, including data
structures, networking, file handling, and more.
6. Multithreading Support:

12
  Java has built-in support for multithreading, allowing
developers to create applications that can perform
multiple tasks simultaneously.
Applications of Java
 Web Applications: Java is commonly used for server-side
development, particularly with frameworks like Spring and Java EE.
 Mobile Applications: Java is the primary language for Android app
development.
 Enterprise Applications: Many large-scale enterprise applications
are built using Java due to its scalability and reliability.
 Embedded Systems: Java is also used in embedded systems,
such as smart devices and IoT applications.
Key Concepts and Methods in Java
Here are some fundamental concepts and methods in Java:
Concepts:
1. Classes and Objects: Classes define the structure and behavior
of objects, which are instances of classes.
2. Inheritance: Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties and
methods from another class.
3. Polymorphism: Polymorphism enables objects of different classes
to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
4. Encapsulation: Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object
from the outside world, exposing only necessary information
through public methods.
5. Abstraction: Abstraction involves representing complex systems in
a simplified way, focusing on essential features and behaviors.
Methods:
1. Constructors: Constructors are special methods used to initialize
objects when they are created.

13
 2. Access Modifiers: Access modifiers (public, private, protected,
default) control access to classes, methods, and variables.
3. Static Methods: Static methods belong to a class rather than an
instance of the class and can be called without creating an object.
4. Instance Methods: Instance methods are called on an instance of a
class and operate on the instance's state.
5. Overloading: Method overloading allows multiple methods with the
same name to be defined, differing only in their parameter lists.
6. Overriding: Method overriding involves a subclass providing a
different implementation of a method already defined in its
superclass.
Common Java Methods:
1. toString(): Returns a string representation of an object.
2. equals(): Compares two objects for equality.
3. hashCode(): Returns a hash code value for an object.
4. wait(): Causes the current thread to wait until another thread
invokes the notify() or notifyAll() method.
5. notify(): Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the
object's monitor.
Java Collections Framework:
1. List: An ordered collection of elements, such as ArrayList
or LinkedList.
2. Set: An unordered collection of unique elements, such as HashSet
or TreeSet.
3. Map: A collection of key-value pairs, such as HashMap or TreeMap.

14
 Chapter 2: System Design

2.1 System Architecture and Design

The system architecture and design of the full stack Java project at Skill
Dzire is based on a layered architecture, which consists of the following
layers:
Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for handling user input and
displaying the output. It consists of the Angular frontend, which provides
a user-friendly interface for users to interact with the system.
Application Layer: This layer is responsible for handling business logic
and providing services to the presentation layer. It consists of the Spring
Boot backend, which provides RESTful APIs for the frontend to consume.
Data Access Layer: This layer is responsible for handling data storage
and retrieval. It consists of the MySQL database, which stores and
retrieves data for the system.
The system architecture and design are designed to be scalable, flexible,
and maintainable. The layered architecture allows for easy modification
and replacement of individual layers without affecting the entire system.

15
Component Diagram:
 The component diagram for the system architecture and design is as
follows:

+ +

| Angular |

| Frontend |

+ +

+ +

| Spring Boot |

| Backend |

+ +

+ +

| MySQL |

| Database |

+ +

16
2.2 Database Design and Schema
The database design and schema for the full stack Java project at Skill
Dzire is based on a relational database management system (RDBMS) using
MySQL. The database design is normalized to minimize data redundancy
and improve data integrity.
Entity-Relationship Diagram
The entity-relationship diagram (ERD) for the database design is as follows:

+---------------+

| Users |

| (id, name, |
| email, password) |

+---------------+
|

|
v
+---------------+

| Courses |
| (id, name, |

| description) |
+---------------+

|
v

+---------------+
| Enrollments |

| (id, user_id, |

| course_id) |
+---------------+

17
 |

|
v

+---------------+
| Payments |

| (id, user_id, |

| course_id, |
| payment_date) |

+---------------+

The ERD shows the relationships between the different entities in the
database:
 A user can enroll in multiple courses (one-to-many).
 A course can have multiple users enrolled (one-to-many).
 An enrollment is associated with one user and one course (many-to-
one).
 A payment is associated with one user and one course (many-to-one).

18
Database Schema
The database schema for the MySQL database is as follows:
CREATE TABLE Users (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
); CREATE TABLE Courses (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
description TEXT NOT NULL
);

The database schema defines the structure of the database tables,

including the columns, data types, and relationships between tables.
SQL Queries
Some example SQL queries for the database schema are as follows:
 Retrieve all users: SELECT * FROM Users;
 Retrieve all courses: SELECT * FROM Courses;
 Retrieve all enrollments for a user: SELECT * FROM Enrollments
WHERE user_id = ?;
 Retrieve all payments for a course: SELECT * FROM Payments WHERE
course_id = ?;
These SQL queries demonstrate how to interact with the database schema
to retrieve and manipulate data.

19
 Chapter 3: Frontend Development
 3.1 Introduction to Angular Framework
 Angular is a platform and framework for building single-page client
applications using HTML and TypeScript. Developed and
maintained by Google, Angular provides a robust set of tools and
libraries that allow developers to create dynamic and responsive
web applications efficiently.
 Significance of Angular
 Component-Based Architecture: Angular promotes a modular
approach to application development, allowing developers to create
reusable components that encapsulate functionality and
presentation.
 Two-Way Data Binding: This feature simplifies the synchronization
between the model and the view, ensuring that changes in the user
interface reflect in the underlying data model and vice versa.
 Dependency Injection: Angular's built-in dependency injection
system enhances code reusability and testability by managing the
creation and lifecycle of services.
 Rich Ecosystem: Angular has a vast ecosystem of libraries, tools, and
community resources, which accelerates development and enhances
productivity.
 Overview of Angular Components, Services, and Modules
 1. Angular Components
 Definition: Components are the fundamental building blocks of an
Angular application. Each component controls a part of the user
interface (UI) and consists of three main parts:
 Template: Defines the HTML view for the component.
 Class: Contains the logic and data for the component, written in
TypeScript.

20
 Styles: CSS styles specific to the component.
 Example: A simple component might look like this:
import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
selector: 'app-hello-world',
template: `<h1>Hello, World!</h1>`,
styles: [`h1 { color: blue; }`]
})
export class HelloWorldComponent {}
2. Angular Services
 Definition: Services are reusable classes that encapsulate business
logic and data management. They are typically used to share data and
functionality across multiple components.
 Usage: Services are injected into components or other services using
Angular's dependency injection system.
 Example: A simple service to fetch data might look like
this: typescript

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';

import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({ prov
idedIn: 'root'
})

21
 export class DataService {
constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}

fetchData(): Observable<any> {
return this.http.get('https://api.example.com/data');
}
}
3. Angular Modules
 Definition: Modules are containers for a cohesive block of code
dedicated to an application domain, a workflow, or a closely related
set of capabilities. Angular applications are modular and consist of
at least one module, the root module.
 Types of Modules:
 Root Module: The main module that bootstraps the application.
 Feature Modules: Modules that encapsulate specific features or
functionalities.
 Shared Modules: Modules that contain common components,
directives, and pipes that can be shared across different
modules.

22
 3.2 Design and Development of User Interface
 Description of User Interface Design and Development
The user interface (UI) design and development process is critical in
creating an engaging and effective user experience for web
applications. This process typically involves several key stages:
 Research and Planning:
User Research: Understanding the target audience through surveys,
interviews, and usability testing.
Competitor Analysis: Analyzing similar applications to identify
strengths and weaknesses.
Defining User Personas: Creating profiles that represent different
user types to guide design decisions.
 Wireframing and Prototyping:
Wireframes: Creating low-fidelity sketches or digital layouts to
outline the basic structure and layout of the UI.
Prototypes: Developing interactive prototypes that simulate user
interactions, allowing stakeholders to visualize the application flow.
 Visual Design:
Color Schemes and Typography: Selecting a color palette and font
styles that align with the brand identity and enhance readability.
Design Systems: Establishing a set of design standards, including
components, icons, and spacing guidelines to ensure consistency
across the UI.
 User Testing:
Conducting usability tests with real users to gather feedback on the
design and identify areas for improvement.
 Iteration:

23
 Refining the design based on user feedback and testing results,
iterating on the design until it meets user needs effectively.
 Implementation of Frontend Features and Functionalities
Once the design is finalized, the next step is to implement the
frontend features and functionalities. This typically involves the
following:
 HTML Structure:
Creating a semantic HTML structure that outlines the content and
layout of the application.
 CSS Styling:
Applying styles using CSS to enhance the visual appeal of the
application and ensure responsiveness across devices.
JavaScript Functionality:
 Adding interactivity and dynamic behavior using JavaScript or
frameworks like Angular, React, or Vue.js.
 Integration with Backend Services:
Connecting the frontend with backend APIs to fetch and display
data dynamically. This can be done using AJAX calls or using
libraries like Axios or the Fetch API.
 Testing and Debugging:
Conducting thorough testing to ensure that all features work as
intended across different browsers and devices. Debugging any
issues that arise during testing.

24
 Chapter 3: Backend Development
 3.3 Introduction to Spring Boot Framework
 Spring Boot is a Java-based framework used to build stand-alone,
production-grade Spring-based applications. It simplifies the
development process by providing a set of tools and libraries that
enable rapid application development.
 Significance of Spring Boot
 Simplified Configuration: Spring Boot reduces the complexity of
configuring Spring applications by providing auto-configuration and
starter dependencies.
 Faster Development: Spring Boot enables rapid application
development by providing a set of pre-configured modules and
libraries.
 Production-Ready: Spring Boot applications are production-ready,
with features like metrics, health checks, and externalized
configuration.
 Overview of Spring Boot Components, Services, and Modules
 1. Spring Boot Components
 Spring Boot Application: The main application class that bootstraps
the Spring Boot application.
 Spring Boot Starter: Pre-configured dependencies that simplify the
development process.
 2. Spring Boot Services
 Service Classes: Classes that encapsulate business logic
and provide functionality to the application.
 Repository Classes: Classes that interact with databases and
provide data access to the application.

25
 3. Spring Boot Modules
 Web Module: Provides web-related functionality, including RESTful
APIs and web controllers.
 Data Module: Provides data access functionality, including database
connections and repository classes.
 Security Module: Provides security-related functionality, including
authentication and authorization.

26
 3.4 Design and Development of RESTful APIs
 Description of the Design and Development of RESTful APIs
 Designing and developing RESTful APIs involves several key stages:
 API Design:
 API Endpoints: Defining API endpoints that provide specific
functionality.
 Request and Response: Defining request and response formats,
including HTTP methods and payload.
 API Implementation:
 Controller Classes: Creating controller classes that handle API
requests and responses.
 Service Classes: Creating service classes that encapsulate business
logic and provide functionality to the API.
 API Testing:
 Unit Testing: Writing unit tests to ensure individual components
function correctly.
 Integration Testing: Writing integration tests to ensure the API
functions correctly as a whole.

27
 Chapter 4: Database Management
 4.1 Introduction to MySQL Database Management System
 MySQL is an open-source relational database management system
(RDBMS) that allows you to store, manage, and retrieve data in a
structured format. It is widely used in web applications due to its
ease of use, high performance, and scalability.
 Significance of MySQL
 Reliability: MySQL is a robust and reliable database management
system that ensures data consistency and integrity.
 Scalability: MySQL can handle large amounts of data and
scale horizontally to meet the needs of growing applications.
 Security: MySQL provides robust security features, including
encryption, access control, and authentication, to protect
sensitive data.
 Flexibility: MySQL supports various programming languages,
including Java, Python, PHP, and more, making it a versatile choice
for developers.
 Overview of MySQL Database Design and Schema
 Database Design Database design involves planning and organizing
the structure of a database to store and manage data efficiently. It
includes defining tables, relationships, indexes, and constraints to
ensure data consistency and integrity.
 Database Schema A database schema is the blueprint of a
database that defines the structure of the database, including
tables, relationships, and constraints. It provides a visual
representation of the database design and helps developers
understand the data model.

28
 4.2 Design and Development of Database Schema
 Description of the Design and Development of Database Schema
 Designing and developing a database schema involves several key
stages:
 Entity-Relationship Modeling:
 Identify Entities: Identify entities, such as customers, orders,
and products, that will be stored in the database.
 Define Relationships: Define relationships between entities, such as
one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
 Database Normalization:
 First Normal Form (1NF): Ensure each table cell contains a single
value.
 Second Normal Form (2NF): Ensure each non-key attribute depends
on the entire primary key.
 Third Normal Form (3NF): Ensure each non-key attribute depends
only on the primary key.
 Database Schema Design:
 Table Design: Design tables to store data, including
column definitions, data types, and constraints.
 Indexing: Define indexes to improve query performance and data
retrieval.
 Constraints: Define constraints, such as primary keys, foreign
keys, and check constraints, to ensure data consistency.

29
 Chapter 5: Testing and Debugging
 5.1 Introduction to Testing Frameworks and Tools
Testing is the process of evaluating a software application to
determine whether it meets the required specifications, is free from
defects, and meets the user's expectations.
 Introduction to Testing Frameworks and Tools Testing frameworks
and tools provide a structured approach to testing, making it more
efficient, effective, and reliable. They help automate testing, reduce
manual testing efforts, and improve test coverage.
 Overview of Testing Methodologies and Strategies There are
several testing methodologies and strategies, including:
 Unit Testing: Testing individual units of code to ensure they function
correctly.
 Integration Testing: Testing how different units of code work
together to ensure seamless integration.
 System Testing: Testing the entire system to ensure it meets the
required specifications and user expectations.
 Acceptance Testing: Testing to ensure the system meets the user's
acceptance criteria.
 Popular Testing Frameworks and Tools Some popular testing
frameworks and tools include:
 JUnit: A unit testing framework for Java.
 TestNG: A testing framework for Java that provides additional
features beyond JUnit.
 Selenium: An automation tool for web browsers.
 Postman: A tool for testing APIs.
 Cucumber: A behavior-driven development (BDD) testing framework.

30
 5.2 Design and Development of Test Cases
 Description of the Design and Development of Test
Cases Designing and developing test cases involves several key
stages:
 Test Case Identification: Identifying test cases based on the
requirements and specifications.
 Test Case Design: Designing test cases to cover different scenarios,
including happy paths, error paths, and edge cases.
 Test Case Development: Developing test cases using a testing
framework or tool.
 Test Case Execution: Executing test cases to identify defects and
errors.
 Test Case Maintenance: Maintaining test cases to ensure they remain
relevant and effective.
 Implementation of Testing and Debugging Once test cases are
developed, they need to be implemented and executed. This involves:
 Test Environment Setup: Setting up the test environment, including
the testing framework, tools, and infrastructure.
 Test Case Execution: Executing test cases to identify defects and
errors.
 Defect Reporting: Reporting defects and errors to the development
team.
 Debugging: Debugging the code to identify and fix defects and errors.
 Test Case Maintenance: Maintaining test cases to ensure they remain
relevant and effective.
 Example of a Test Case Here is an example of a test case for a login
functionality:
 Test Case: Login with Valid Credentials
 Preconditions:

31
 The user has a valid username and password.
 The login functionality is enabled.
 Steps:
 Enter a valid username and password.
 Click the login button.
 Verify that the user is logged in successfully.
 Expected Result:
 The user is logged in successfully.
 The login page is redirected to the dashboard page.

32
Chapter 5: Deployment and Maintenance

 5.3 Introduction to Deployment Strategies and Tools

 Deployment is the process of releasing a software application to the
production environment, making it available to end-users.
 Introduction to Deployment Strategies and Tools Deployment
strategies and tools provide a structured approach to deploying
software applications, ensuring efficient, reliable, and secure
releases. They help automate deployment, reduce manual
errors, and improve deployment speed.
 Overview of Deployment Methodologies and Strategies There are
several deployment methodologies and strategies, including:
 Continuous Integration (CI): Automating the build, test, and
deployment process to ensure rapid feedback and delivery.
 Continuous Deployment (CD): Automating the deployment process
to production, ensuring rapid delivery of new features and bug
fixes.
 Continuous Monitoring: Monitoring the application in production to
ensure it meets the required specifications and user expectations.
 Popular Deployment Tools Some popular deployment tools
include:
 Jenkins: An automation server for continuous integration
and continuous deployment.
 Docker: A containerization platform for deploying applications
in containers.
 Kubernetes: An orchestration platform for deploying and managing
containerized applications.
 Ansible: An automation tool for deploying and
managing applications.

33
 5.4 Design and Development of Deployment Plan
 Description of the Design and Development of Deployment
Plan Designing and developing a deployment plan involves several
key stages:
 Deployment Strategy: Defining the deployment strategy, including
the deployment methodology, tools, and timeline.
 Infrastructure Planning: Planning the infrastructure requirements,
including servers, storage, and network resources.
 Application Packaging: Packaging the application for deployment,
including creating installers, containers, or virtual machines.
 Deployment Scripting: Scripting the deployment process to
automate the deployment of the application.
 Rollback Planning: Planning for rollback scenarios to ensure
minimal downtime in case of deployment failures.
 Implementation of Deployment and Maintenance Once the
deployment plan is developed, it needs to be implemented and
executed. This involves:
 Deployment Execution: Executing the deployment plan, including
deploying the application to production.
 Post-Deployment Testing: Testing the application in production to
ensure it meets the required specifications and user expectations.
 Maintenance and Updates: Maintaining and updating the
application in production, including applying patches, fixes, and
new features.
 Monitoring and Feedback: Monitoring the application in production
and gathering feedback to improve the deployment process.

34
 Chapter 5: Project

5.5 Project Objectives

 Define Purpose: Develop a mobile app that helps users track their
daily expenses and stay within their budget.
 Problem Statement: Many individuals struggle to manage their
finances, leading to overspending and financial stress.
Project Components
 Requirements Gathering:
Functional Requirements:
1. User Registration and Login: Users should be able to register and
log in to the app using their email address and password.
2. Expense Tracking: Users should be able to add, edit, and
delete expenses, including categorization and tagging.
3. Budgeting: The app should provide a budgeting feature that allows
users to set financial goals and track their progress.
4. Transaction History: Users should be able to view their transaction
history, including income and expenses.
5. Reminders and Notifications: The app should send reminders and
notifications for upcoming bills, low account balances, and
overspending.
Non-Functional Requirements:
1. Security: The app should ensure the secure storage and
transmission of user data, including encryption and
secure authentication.
2. Performance: The app should respond quickly to user input, with a
maximum loading time of 2 seconds.

35
 3. Usability: The app should have an intuitive user interface, with clear
and concise instructions for each feature.
4. Compatibility: The app should be compatible with both iOS and
Android devices, with a minimum OS version of 10.
Stakeholder Engagement:
To ensure that we meet the needs and expectations of our stakeholders,
we will conduct surveys, interviews, and focus groups with:
1. End-Users: Individuals who will be using the app to track their daily
expenses and stay within their budget.
2. Financial Advisors: Professionals who provide financial guidance
and advice to individuals and businesses.
3. Developers: The development team responsible for building and
maintaining the app.
3. Methodologies
 Agile Methodology:
Agile is an iterative and incremental approach to software
development. It emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and
continuous improvement. Agile is suitable for projects
with changing requirements or uncertain outcomes.
Pros:
 Allows for flexibility and adaptability
 Encourages collaboration and communication among team members
 Enables continuous improvement and delivery
Cons:
 Can be challenging to manage and prioritize tasks
 May lead to scope creep or feature bloat
 Scrum Methodology:

36
 Scrum is a framework for implementing Agile principles. It
emphasizes teamwork, accountability, and iterative progress toward
well-defined goals. Scrum is suitable for projects that require
collaboration and rapid delivery.
Pros:
 Enhances team collaboration and communication
 Provides a clear framework for iterative development
 Encourages accountability and transparency
Cons:
 Can be rigid and inflexible
 May lead to overemphasis on process over outcome
 Waterfall Methodology:
Waterfall is a linear approach to software development. It
emphasizes predictability, stability, and sequential progress.
Waterfall is suitable for projects with well-defined requirements and
a fixed timeline.
Pros:
 Provides a clear and predictable project plan
 Emphasizes stability and reliability
 Suitable for projects with fixed requirements
Cons:
 Can be inflexible and resistant to change
 May lead to delays or cost overruns
 Recommendation:
Based on the requirements and goals of the mobile app project, I
recommend using the Agile methodology with Scrum practices. This
approach will allow for flexibility, collaboration, and continuous

37
 improvement, while also providing a clear framework for iterative
development.
Why Agile with Scrum?
 The project requires flexibility and adaptability to meet changing
user needs and requirements.
 The development team needs to collaborate and communicate
effectively to deliver a high-quality product.
 The project requires rapid delivery and continuous improvement to
stay competitive in the market.
 By using Agile with Scrum, we can ensure that the mobile app
project is developed in a flexible, collaborative, and iterative
manner, with a focus on delivering a high-quality product that
meets user needs and expectations.

38
Architecture Diagram for the Mobile App
To better illustrate the architecture of the mobile app, I will provide a
high-level architecture diagram.
+ +
| User Interface |
+ +
|
|
v
+ +
| Controller |
| (Handles user |
| input and |
| navigation) |
+ +
|
|
v
+ +
| Model |
| (Represents |
| data and |
| business logic)|
+ +
|
|
v

39
 + +
| Database |
| (Stores user |
| data and |
| expense tracking|
| information) |
+ +
|
|
v
+ +
| API Gateway |
| (Handles API |
| requests and |
| responses) |
+ +
|
|
v
+ +
| Third-Party |
| Services (e.g.,|
| payment gateways,|
| mapping services)|
+ +

This architecture diagram shows the main components of the mobile

app, including:
 User Interface: Handles user input and displays the app's UI.

40
  Controller: Acts as an intermediary between the User Interface and
Model, managing the flow of data and user interactions.
 Model: Represents the data and business logic of the app,
including user data and expense tracking information.
 Database: Stores user data and expense tracking information.
 API Gateway: Handles API requests and responses, providing a
secure and scalable interface for third-party services.
 Third-Party Services: Integrates with external services, such as
payment gateways and mapping services.
This architecture is designed to be scalable, secure, and maintainable,
with a clear separation of concerns and a modular design.
Architecture Patterns
The architecture of the mobile app will follow several patterns, including:
 Model-View-Controller (MVC): Separates the application logic into
three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.
 Repository Pattern: Provides a layer of abstraction between the
Model and Database, making it easier to switch between different
data storage solutions.
 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Breaks down the app into
smaller, independent services that communicate with each other
through APIs.
These patterns will help ensure that the architecture is maintainable,
scalable, and easy to understand.

41
Java code:
/**
* Represents a user of the app.
*/
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private List<Expense> expenses;

/**
* Constructor for the User class.
*
* @param username the username of the user
* @param password the password of the user
*/
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.expenses = new ArrayList<>();
}

/**
* Gets the username of the user.
*
* @return the username of the user
*/
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

/**
* Gets the password of the user.
*
* @return the password of the user
*/
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

/**
* Gets the list of expenses for the user.
*
* @return the list of expenses for the user
*/

42
 public List<Expense> getExpenses() {
return expenses;
}

/**
* Adds an expense to the user's list of expenses.
*
* @param expense the expense to add
*/
public void addExpense(Expense expense) {
expenses.add(expense);
}
}

Expense.java
/**
* Represents an expense.
*/
public class Expense {
private String category;
private double amount;
private Date date;

/**
* Constructor for the Expense class.
*
* @param category the category of the expense
* @param amount the amount of the expense
* @param date the date of the expense
*/
public Expense(String category, double amount, Date date) {
this.category = category;
this.amount = amount;
this.date = date;
}

/**
* Gets the category of the expense.
*
* @return the category of the expense
*/
public String getCategory() {
return category;

43
 }

/**
* Gets the amount of the expense.
*
* @return the amount of the expense
*/
public double getAmount() {
return amount;
}

/**
* Gets the date of the expense.
*
* @return the date of the expense
*/
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
}

Budget.java
/**
* Represents a user's budget.
*/
public class Budget {
private double income;
private double expenses;
private double savings;

/**
* Constructor for the Budget class.
*
* @param income the user's income
* @param expenses the user's expenses
* @param savings the user's savings
*/
public Budget(double income, double expenses, double savings) {
this.income = income;
this.expenses = expenses;
this.savings = savings;
}

44
 /**
* Gets the user's income.
*
* @return the user's income
*/
public double getIncome() {
return income;
}

/**
* Gets the user's expenses.
*
* @return the user's expenses
*/
public double getExpenses() {
return expenses;
}

/**
* Gets the user's savings.
*
* @return the user's savings
*/
public double getSavings() {
return savings;
}
}

Version Control with Git

To manage code changes and collaborate with team members, we will use
Git as our version control system. Here's an example of how we can use
Git to manage our code:
1. Initialize a new Git repository:
1git init
2. Add all files to the repository:
1git add .
3. Commit the changes:
1git commit -m "Initial commit"
4. Create a new branch for feature development:
1git branch feature/new-feature
5. Switch to the new branch:
1git checkout feature/new-feature
6. Make changes to the code and commit them:

45
1git add .
2git commit -m "Added new feature"
7. Merge the changes into the main branch:
1git checkout main
2git merge feature/new-feature
8. Push the changes to the remote repository:
1git push origin main
By following these steps, we can use Git to manage our code changes and
collaborate with team members.
Benefits of Using Git
Using Git as our version control system provides several benefits,
including:
 Version Control: Git allows us to track changes to our code
over time, making it easy to identify and revert changes if
needed.
 Collaboration: Git enables multiple developers to work on the same
codebase simultaneously, making it easy to collaborate on projects.
 Backup: Git provides a backup of our code, ensuring that we don't
lose our work in case of a disaster.
 Flexibility: Git allows us to create multiple branches, making it easy
to experiment with new features and ideas without affecting the
main codebase.
 Scalability: Git is designed to handle large codebases and can
scale to meet the needs of our project.
 Security: Git provides a secure way to manage access to our code,
ensuring that only authorized developers can make changes.
 Audit Trail: Git provides a complete audit trail of all changes,
making it easy to track who made changes and when.
 Open-Source: Git is an open-source tool, which means it is free to
use and has a large community of developers who contribute to its
development and support.
Wireframes for the Mobile App
To visualize the user interface of the mobile app, I will use some
wireframes for the main screens. These wireframes will help us design a
user-friendly and intuitive interface for the app.
Login Screen

1+ +
2| Login Screen |
3+ +
46
 4| Username: |
5| [Input Field] |
6| Password: |
7| [Input Field] |
8| [Login Button] |
9+ +
Dashboard Screen

1+ +
2| Dashboard
| 3+
+
4| Welcome, [User ] |
5| [Balance] |
6| [Expenses]
|
7| [Income] |
8| [Budget] |
9| [Add Expense] |
Expense List Screen 10| [View Expenses] |
11+ +

1+ +
2| Expense List |
3+ +
4| [Expense 1] |
5| [Category] |
6| [Amount] |
7| [Date] |
8| [Expense 2] |
9| [Category] |
10| [Amount] |
11| [Date] |
12| ... |
13| [Add Expense] |
14+ +
Add Expense Screen

1+ +
2| Add Expense |
47
 3+ +
4| Category: |
5| [Input Field] |
6| Amount: |
7| [Input Field] |
8| Date: |
9| [Input Field] |
10| [Save Button] |
11+ +
These wireframes provide a basic layout for the main screens of the
mobile app. We can refine these designs further based on your feedback
and requirements.
Icon Design
For the app's icon, I suggest a simple and recognizable design that
represents the app's purpose. Here's a possible design:
1+ +
2| App Icon
|
3+ +
4| [Piggy Bank] |
5+ +
The piggy bank icon is a common symbol for saving and budgeting,
making it a fitting choice for our app.

48
 CONCLUSION

8.1 Summary of the Project and its Objectives

 Lessons Learned:

 Project Overview The project aimed to design and develop a comprehensive

database management system using MySQL, implement testing frameworks
and tools, and deploy the application using various deployment strategies and
tools.

 Project Objectives The primary objectives of the project were:

 Design and Development: Design and develop a database management system

using MySQL.

 Testing and Quality Assurance: Implement testing frameworks and tools to

ensure the quality and reliability of the application.

 Deployment: Deploy the application using various deployment strategies and

tools.

 Achievements The project achieved the following milestones:

 Database Design and Development: Successfully designed and developed a

comprehensive database management system using MySQL.

 Testing and Quality Assurance: Implemented testing frameworks and tools to

ensure the quality and reliability of the application.

 Deployment: Successfully deployed the application using various deployment

strategies and tools.

 Challenges Faced During the project, the following challenges were faced:

 Database Design Complexity: Designing a comprehensive database

management system was a complex task that required careful planning and
execution.
49
 Testing and Debugging: Testing and debugging the application was a time-
consuming process that required patience and persistence.

 Deployment Issues: Deploying the application to production was a

challenging task that required careful planning and execution.

8.2 Lessons Learned and Future Scope

 Lessons Learned The project taught the following lessons:

 Importance of Planning: Careful planning and execution are crucial for the
success of any project.

 Testing and Quality Assurance: Testing and quality assurance are essential
for ensuring the quality and reliability of any application.

 Deployment Strategies: Deployment strategies and tools can significantly

impact the success of any project.

 Future Scope The project has the following potential areas for improvement:

 Scalability: The application can be scaled to handle larger volumes of data and
user traffic.

 Security: The application can be secured further by implementing additional

security measures such as encryption and access control.

 User Interface: The user interface can be improved to make it more user-friendly
and intuitive.

 Potential Areas for Improvement The project has the following potential areas
for improvement:

 Machine Learning Integration: Machine learning algorithms can be integrated

into the application to improve its functionality and performance.

50
 Cloud Deployment: The application can be deployed to the cloud to take
advantage of cloud computing benefits such as scalability and cost-
effectiveness.

 Mobile Application Development: A mobile application can be developed to

provide users with a mobile interface to the application.

51