Lesson Proper for Week 13

RELATED PHILIPPINE LAWS THAT PROMOTES NATIONALISM AND

PATRIOTISM

Republic Act No. 10086

 An act strengthening peoples’ nationalism through Philippine history by changing

the nomenclature of the National Historical Institute into the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines, strengthening its powers and functions, and for
other purposes; also known as the Philippine Cultural Heritage Act of 2010.

Republic Act No. 8044

 Also known as the Youth in Nation-Building Act; an act creating the National
Youth Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and Coordinated
Program on Youth Development, Appropriating funds therefore, and for other
purposes.

Republic Act No. 1425

 An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and
universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and
distribution thereof, and for other purposes.

The 1987 Constitution

 The 1987 Constitution established a representative democracy with power

divided among three separate and independent branches of government: the
Executive, a bicameral Legislature, and the Judiciary. There were three
independent constitutional commissions as well: the Commission on Audit, the
Civil Service Commission, and the Commission on Elections. Integrated into the
Constitution was a full Bill of Rights, which guaranteed fundamental civil and and
political rights, and it provided for free, fair, and periodic elections. In comparison
with the weak document that had given Marcos a legal fiction behind which to
hide, this Constitution seemed ideal to many Filipinos emerging from 20 years of
political repression and oppression.

Republic Act No. 10390

 An act amending Republic Act No. 7306, entitled an act providing for the
establishment of the people's television network, incorporated, defining its
powers and functions, providing for its sources of funding and for other purposes,
 also known as "An Act Revitalizing the People's Television Network,
Incorporated".

Republic Act No. 9512

 Approved last December 12, 2008; also known as an act to promote

environmental awareness through environmental education and for other
purposes or the National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.
 It is an act to promote environmental awareness through Environmental
Education (EE) and covers the integration of EE in the school curricula at all
levels, be it public or private, including day care, preschool, non-formal, technical,
vocational, indigenous learning, and out-of-school youth courses or programs.
 Section 6 of the Act says that the DepEd, CHED; TESDA, DENR, DOST and
other relevant agencies, in consultation with experts on the environment and the
academe, shall lead in the implementation of public education and awareness
programs on environmental protection and conservation through collaborative
interagency and multi-sectoral effort at all levels. It also declares November as
the Environmental Awareness Month in the Philippines.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Women in the Workplace

Sources: www.economist.com

In an edition of the business page on April 20 2019, it shows about the

th

difference of a people in the workplace where man is still the leader of the world. In a
recruitment stage, women are put off from applying for jobs that use words in their
adverts such as “aggressive” or ambitious.” When one company changed its ad to focus
on qualities such as enthusiasm and innovation, and used a photo of a woman rather
than a man, the proportion of female applicants rose from 5% to 40%. Once these
women have a job, they struggle to get to the office because they often care for children
or elderly relatives and are likelier to have multiple tasks. Women who use public
transport often need radial routes whereas most systems favour commuters heading
from the suburb to the center of town. This means female journeys can be much longer
than male ones, making it difficult for them to get to work on time.

Women experience more work-related stress than men, according to research

by Britain’s Health and Safety Executive. Women face a particular problem with long
working hours, but a study found that unencumbered people of both sexes (those with
few or no caring responsibilities) could cope equally well with a 48-hour week. The
stress occurred because women struggled to combine problem faced by a smaller
number of men. Those responsibilities may also mean that women find it more difficult
to take part in after-work bonding activities like dinners, bar hoping, hang out and so
forth. Many companies allow workers to put the cost of food and drinks at such events
on expenses, but not the cost of a babysitter, that is the problem in for single parents.
Many men do not realize there is a problem, those who believe they are objective when
recruiting is nevertheless more likely to hire another man than a woman with identical
qualifications.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

 Philippine Commission on Women defined Gender and Development as the

development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering,
equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive
of self-determination and actualization of human potentials.
 Gender and Development (GAD) approach focuses on the socially constructed
basis of differences between men and women and emphasizes the need to
challenge on the existing gender roles and relations.
 GAD was developed in the 1980's as an alternative to the Women in
Development (WID) approach. Unlike WID, the GAD approach is not concerned
specifically with women, but with the way in which a society assigns roles,
responsibilities and expectations to both women and men. GAD applies gender
analysis to uncover the ways in which men and women work together, presenting
results in neutral terms of economics and efficiency.
 The World Bank was one of the first international organizations to recognize the
need for Women in Development, appointing a WID Adviser in 1977. In 1984 the
bank mandated that its programs consider women’s issues. In 1994 the bank
issued a policy paper on Gender and Development, reflecting current thinking on
the subject. This policy aims to address policy and institutional constraints that
maintain disparities between the genders and thus limit the effectiveness of
development programs.
  Gender and Development (GAD) is concerned with women and her specific
roles, responsibilities and expectations in the society. It also analyzes the nature
women's contribution within the context of work done both inside and outside the
household and reflects the public/private dichotomy that undervalues the work
done by women in the home. GAD focuses on the principle that development is
for all. Everyone in society, female or male, has the right to equal opportunities to
achieve a full and satisfying life. It does not define the following:

1. Not a war of the sexes

2. Not anti-male
3. Both women and men are victims although women are more than men.
4. Both have a stake in the struggle for gender equality.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT RELATED LAWS AND ISSUANCES IN THE

PHILIPPINES

Philippine Plan for Gender and Development, 1995 - 2025

 National Plan that addresses provides and pursues full equality and development
for men and

women. Approved and adopted by former President Fidel V. Ramos as Executive No.
273, on September 8, 1995, it is the successor of the Philippine Development Plan for
Women, 1989-1992 adopted by Executive No. 348 of February 17, 1989.

Republic Act No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women)

 Approved on August 14, 2009, which mandates for non-discriminatory and pro-
gender equality and equity measures to enable women's participation in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies and plan for national,
regional and local development.

Memorandum Circular No. 2011 - 01

 Dated on October 21, 2011. Addressing to all Government Departments including

their attached agencies, offices, bureaus, State Universities and Colleges
(SUCs), Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) and all other
government instrumentalities as their guidelines and procedures for the
establishment, strengthening and institutionalization of the Gender and
Development (GAD) Focal Point System (GFPS).

Republic Act 7877 - Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

  It is an "Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful in the Employment,
Education or Training Environment, and for other purposes" was approved on
February 14, 1995 and became effective on March 5, 1995.

Republic Act 9692 - Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004

 It protects the family and its members particularly women and children from
violence and threats to their personal safety and security."

Republic Act 7192 - Women in Development and Nation Building Act

 The Act provides guidance and measures that will mobilize and enhance
participation of women in the development process in ways equal to that of men.

Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013

 Directing all concerned government agencies to adopt the Gender Equality

Guidelines in the development of their respective Media Policies and
Implementing Programs in order to promote gender mainstreaming.

Republic Act 10354

 Also known as Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or

the RH Law. It is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to
methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.

1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Sec. 14)

 The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the
FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before the law of women and men.

Lesson Proper for Week 14

SEX AND GENDER: HOW DO THEY DIFFER?

Gender - It refers to the specific set of characteristics that identifies the social behavior
of men and women and the relationship between them the way it is socially constructed.

Sex - It refers to the categories of the condition or character of being male or female.

Figure 2: Functions of Gender and Sex

source: www.slideshare.net/mobile/beejaybaje/agencies-of-socialization-38294679

SEX GENDER
Categorized as male or female Masculinity and femininity
Biological Socially, culturally and historically
determined
Fixed at birth Learned through socialization
Does not change across time and space Varies over time and space
Equally valued Unequally valued (masculinity as the norm)

Gender Identity/Gender Role

It refers to a knowledge of a large set of rules and expectations for what boys and girls
should wear, speak and act in the overall structure of the society.

Factors that affected by Gender Identity

1. Race – Each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical

characteristics.
2. Ethnicity - The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common
national or cultural tradition.

3. Social Class - A division of a society based on social and economic status; upper
class, new money, middle class, working class, working poor, and poverty level.

4. Religion - A particular system of faith and worship.

5. Geographical Region - A demarcated area of the Earth.

Fig 3&4 Gender Identify or Difference

Source: www.slideshare.net/mobile/beejaybaje/agencies-of-socialization-
38294679

COMMON MYTHS ABOUT GENDER

1. If a father does the household work, he is considered as "under the saya".

2. Men are better leaders and administrators than women.

3. It is the woman's fault if she is being harassed sexually when she is wearing skimpy
clothing.
4. It is not proper for a girl to say “I love you" first to a boy.

5. The mother should be the only one responsible for child-rearing and parenting.

TERMS RELATED TO GENDER

1. Socialization – It is the process by which social norms, roles and expectations
are learned and internalized.

2. Gender Socialization -It is the process by which norms and expectations in

relation to gender are learned by women and men.

3. Gender stereotype – It is a form of prejudgment, bias or limitation given to

roles and expectations of males and females. These may affect the gender
equality and inequality in the society.

4. Gender equality – It gives men and women the entitlement to all aspects of
human development.

5. Gender inequality – It refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals

based on their gender.

GENDER STEREOTYPE INVOLVES THE DIFFERENTIATIONS

Attributed by a given culture to women and men, in the following aspects:

1. Social Roles

MEN WOMEN
Provides financially for the family Take care of the house and children
Works as managers, construction builders or Works as a nurse, teacher, secretary
engineers
Portrayed as leaders Portrayed as followers

2. Capacities

MEN WOMEN
Good in math and science Good in arts and less intellectual pursuits
Physically strong Physically weaker and fragile
Firm decision makers Wishy-washy or fickle minded in decision
making

3. Traits and Characteristics

 MEN WOMEN
active passive
aloof loving
aggressive peaceful
independent dependent
brave fearful

Lesson Proper for Week 15

SOCIALIZATION

What is an agent of socialization?

Agent of socialization are people and groups that influence our self-concept,
emotions, attitudes, and behavior. It is a various groups or institutions that play a
significant role in the socialization of an individual and in shaping that person’s
personality. Sometimes it is called as channel of socialization.

According to Dr. Ralph G. Perrino (2000), family, school, peers, mass media,
public opinion, and religion play a major role in the socialization and, ultimately the
education process. Each of these proceeds through life in a manner that often believe is
under immediate control and influence. It seems logical that the actions that takes and
the impact of those actions is based upon a series of logical, rational, decisions selected
and filtered by choice, not chance. Although this seems a reasonable manner in which
to assess one’s lot in life, it is far from reality, particularly in the area of education which
it is a dramatic impacts on child’s socialization process.
 Fig. Cycle of Channel of Socialization

source:www.slideshare.net/mobile/beejaybaje/agencies-of-socialization-38294679

A. FAMILY

In the context of human society, a family from the Latin word familia is a group of
people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or
other relationship), or co-residence (relatives and servants). It is also known as the
basic unit for raising children. In most societies, the family is the principal institution for
the socialization of children. It is the most influential group in the child’s life where
children completely depend on others such as parents to survive. The family plays an
important role and has special responsibility in the socialization of a child.

TWO TYPES OF FAMILY

1. IMMEDIATE FAMILY – may include spouses, parents, brothers, sisters, sons and daughters.
2. EXTENDED FAMILY – may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews,
nieces, and siblings-in law.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES

1. MATRIFOCAL FAMILY – this kind of family occurs commonly where women have
the resources to rear their children by themselves; opposite of patriarchal family.

2. PATRIARCHAL FAMILY - is a family in which the father is considered as head of the

household; also known as father-centered family or father dominated family.
3. CONJUGAL/NUCLEAR FAMILY – a traditional family that includes only the
husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are not of age.

4. AVUNCULAR FAMILY – a family composed of a grandparent, a brother, his sister

and her children.

5. CHILDLESS FAMILY – is sometimes the “forgotten family” as it does not meet the
traditional set by society. Many of the childless family take on responsibility of pet
ownership or have extensive contact with their nieces and nephews as a substitute for
having their own family.

6. FAMILY OF CHOICE/CHOSEN FAMILY – is common within the LGBT community.

7. BLENDED FAMILY/ STEPFAMILY – describes family with mixed parents: one or

both parents remarried, bringing children of the former family into the new family.

8. MONOGAMOUS FAMILY – an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or
at any time.

9. POLYGAMOUS FAMILY – a family composed of a marriage that includes more than

two partners.

a. Polygamy – a man is married to more than one wife at a time which is common in
Middle East and Africa and is often associated with Islam.

b. Polyandry – when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time;

traditionally practiced in the areas of Himalayan Mountains, among Tibetans in Nepal, in
parts of China and Northern India.

c. Fraternal Polyandry – where two or more brothers are married to the same wife.

d. Polyamory – if a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives; group or conjoint

marriage.

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN GENDER SOCIALIZATION IN THE FAMILY

1. Manipulation – means that people handle girls and boys differently as infants.

a. Mothers tend to use more physical stimulation on male infants and more verbal
stimulation on female infants.

b. Boy babies are tossed in the air while girl babies get more delicate handling.
2. Canalization – means that people direct children’s attention to gender-appropriate
object.

a. Choice of toys, boys are given toy cars and machines while girls are given dolls and
tea sets.

b. Toy teach children what their prescribed roles in life will be.

3. Verbal Appellation – telling children what they are and what is expected of them.

a. Brave boy, pretty girl

b. Boys don’t cry, girls don’t hit playmates

4. Activity exposure – familiarizing children to their gender-appropriate task.

a. Girls help their mother with housework

b. Boys are encouraged to play outside the house

B. RELIGION

It provides for the spiritual and moral needs of the child which helps foster loving
and harmonious relations with others in the family, neighborhood, school and the wider
community. Socialization continues as the individual joins church-based organizations
or ministries. Religious organizations influences morality but also ideas about dress,
speech and manners that are appropriate.

EFFECTS OF RELIGION

1. Regular attendance at religious services linked to healthy, stable family life, strong
marriages, and well-behaved children.

2. Religious worship also leads to a reduction in the incidence of domestic abuse, crime,
substance abuse and addiction.

3. Religious practice can increase physical and mental health, longevity, and
educational attainment.

C. MASS MEDIA
 Another agent of socialization that means technology or equipment that is
intended to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of communication used to
reach the vast majority of the general public. The most common platforms for mass
media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet. The general
public typically relies on the mass media to provide information regarding political
issues, social issues, entertainment, and news in pop culture.

TYPES OF MASS MEDIA

1. Broadcast Media – it includes as radio, recorded music, film and television that
transmit their information electronically.

2. Print Media – use a physical object such as newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics,
to distribute their information.

3. Outdoor Media – a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards
placed inside or outside of the commercial building, sports stadiums, shops and buses,
blimps and skywriting.

4. Public Speaking and Event Organizing – considered as a form of mass media.

5. Digital Media – comprises both internet and mobile mass communication. Internet
media provides such as email, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television.

D. SCHOOL

It is an institution for educating children, any institution at which instruction is given

in a particular discipline, or a group of people. It is an artificial institution which set up for
the purpose of socialization and cultural transmission such as transferring subject
knowledge and teach life skills. The school can be regarded as a formally constituted
community as opposed to mutual communities.

E. PEER GROUPS

Peer groups are informal grouping of two or more members, more or less of the same
age, neighborhood or school. It is the one agency of socialization not controlled
primarily by adults and also becomes an important reference group. Peer groups give
us an opportunity as children to form relationships with others on our own terms plus
learn things without the direction of an adult. It discusses topics and learn behavioral
norms from peers that parents nor adult do not or would not approved that sometimes
parents worry the type of friends they choose.
 POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PEER GROUPS NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PEER GROUPS
1. Serve as a source of information 1. Peer pressure where a person feels to change
his/her behavior to match in the group.
2. Teach gender roles 2. Future problems
3. Serves as a practicing venue to adulthood 3. Risk behavior
4. Teach unity and collective behavior in life 4. Aggression and pro-social behavior
5. Identity formation where a person acquires a 5. Sexual promiscuity
sense of self.

Lesson Proper for Week 16

CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship is a membership in a political community which is personal and more or less

permanent in character. It is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political
society which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the
member and duty of protection on the part of the State.

Citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is the member of a democratic

community who enjoy full civil and political rights, and is accorded protection inside and
outside the territory of the State.

DISTINGUISHED FROM NATIONALITY AND NATIONS

From the point of view of International law, “Citizenship” and “Citizen” do not exactly
mean the same as “Nationality” and “National”. The national of a State include not only
its citizen who enjoy full civil and political privileges but also all others who are not its
citizens, but because they owe allegiance to it, are not regarded as aliens, while all
citizen are nationals of a State, not all nationals are citizens of a State.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUBJECT AND ALIEN

A citizen is a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political
rights. In Monarchial State, he is often called subject. An alien is a citizen of a country
who is residing in or passing through another country. He is a popularly called
“foreigner”. He is not given the full rights to received protection as to his person or
property.

GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

1. INVOLUNTARY METHOD – It is through by birth nor blood relationship (jus sanguinis

– law of the blood), or by place of birth (jus soli – law of the soil).

2. VOLUNTARY METHOD – It is through by naturalization, except in case of collective

naturalization of the inhabitants of a territory which takes place when it is cede by one
state to another as a result of a conquest or treaty.

These two modes of acquiring citizenships correspond to the two kinds of citizen:
Natural-Born and Naturalized citizens.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN NATURAL-BORN CITIZEN AND NATURALIZED CITIZEN

NATURAL-BORN CITIZEN – is one who is already a citizen of the state at the time of
birth. He does not perform an act to acquire or perfect his citizenship.

NATURALIZED CITIZEN – is one who is a citizen of one country and who through an
intervening act which is naturalization, becomes a citizen of another country.

WHO ARE THE CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES?

Section 1, Article IV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution identified the citizens of the
Philippines as:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;

2. Those who fathers and mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority which is 21 years old and;

4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

 IDEALS POLICY ON NATURALIZATION

The policy on naturalization should be guided by our own national interest. Perhaps the
ideal is that only those who have come to love the country, who have integrated
themselves into the citizenry and who can contribute to the development of the nation
should be conferred citizenship by naturalization where as naturalization is a legal
process which those person who are formerly citizens of other countries has applied for
naturalization in accordance with law in a certain state in order to become a citizen of
that country.

Lesson Proper for Week 17

Nature of Naturalization
Meaning of Naturalization

Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the
state and clothing him with the rights and privileged of citizenship.

It implies the reunification of former nationality and the fact of entrance to a similar
relation towards a new body politic.

Nature of Naturalization.
An Alien does not have a natural, inherent or vested fight to admitted to citizenship in a
state. Citizen is a matter of grace, favor or privilege which a sovereign government may
confer on, or withhold from, an alien or grant to him under such conditions as it sees fit
without the support of any reason whatsoever.

Citizenship in our republic, be it over the most powerful nation of the world, can take
citizenship for granted or assume it as a matter of right.

In view of the above principles, the rule is that in case of doubt concerning the grant of
citizenship, such doubt be resolved in favor of the state and against the applicant for
naturalization

Ways of acquiring by naturalization.

A person may be naturalized in three ways:

1. By judgment of the court
> the foreigner who wants to become a Filipino citizen must apply for naturalization with
the proper Regional trail court. The revise naturalization act the present naturalization
law. Such law shall also continue in force pursuant to the transitory provision of the
Constitution (Art. XVIII, Sec. 3);

2. By direct act of progress

> in this case our law-making body simply enacts an act directly conferring citizenship of
a foreigner.

3. By administrative proceeding.
> Under R.A. No. 9139 (Jan 8, 2001), known as the administrative naturalization law of
2000,' aliens born and residing in the Philippines nay be granted Philippine citizenship
by administrative proceedings before a special committee on naturalization. The petition
of citizenship shall be filled with the committee which
has the power to approve, deny or reject application as provided in the law.

WHO MAY QUALIFY AS PHILIPPINE CITIZEN BY NATURALIZATION UNDER THE

REVISED NATURALIZATION ACT?

Under Section 2, CA 573 or the Revised Naturalization Law the applicant must possess
the following qualifications:

1. He must not be less than twenty-one years of age on the day of the hearing of the petition;
2. He must have resided in the Philippines for a continuous period of not less than ten years;
3. He must be have of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the
Philippine

Constitution, and must have conducted himself in a proper and irreproachable manner during the
entire period of his residence in the Philippines in his relation with the constituted government
as well as with the community in which he is living;
4. He must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than five thousand pesos, Philippine
currency, or must have some known

lucrative trade, profession, or lawful occupation;

5. He must be able to speak or write English or Spanish or anyone of the principal languages;
6. He must have enrolled his minor children of school age in any of the public or private schools

recognized by the Bureau of Public Schools of the Philippines where Philippine history,
government and civics are taught or prescribed as part of the school curriculum, during the
entire period of the residence in the Philippines required of him prior to the hearing of the
petition for naturalization as Philippine citizen;
WHO MAY NOT QUALIFIED TO APPLY FOR NATURALIZATION OF THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION ACT?

Under Section of 4 of the Revised Naturalization Law, the following persons cannot
qualify for Philippine citizenship:

1. Persons opposed to organized government or affiliated with any association or group of

persons who uphold and teach doctrines

opposing all organized governments;

2. Persons defending or teaching the necessity or propriety of violence, personal assault, or
assassination for the success and predominance of their ideas; Polygamists or believers in the
practice of polygamy;
3. Persons Convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude;
4. He must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than five thousand pesos, Philippine
currency, or must have some known lucrative trade, profession, or lawful occupation;
5. Persons who during the period of their stay in the Philippines, have not mingled socially with
the Filipinos, or who have not evinced a sincere desire to learn and embrace the customs,
traditions, and ideals of the Filipinos
6. Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the Philippines is at war.
7. Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United States, whose laws do not grant
Filipinos the right to become naturalized citizens or subject thereof;

Loss and Reacquisition of Philippine Citizenship(Sec. 3, Article IV of the Philippine

constitution)

a. Expatriation- an act when a citizen gives up or loses his citizenship.

b. Repatriation- an act of reacquiring or returning to one's original citizenship(Nebres,
2007)

WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR REACQUIRING LOST PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP?

1. By naturalization

2. By repatriation - affected by merely taking the necessary oath of allegiance to the

Republic of the Philippines and registering the same in the proper civil registry.

3. By direct act of congress

RETENTION AND ACQUISITION OFCITIZENSHIP Under R.A. 9225

otherwise "Citizenship Retention and Re- acquisition Act of 2003" which was approved
in August 29, 2003, natural born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine
Citizenship by reason of naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are deemed to
have reacquired Philippine citizenship upon taking an oath of allegiance to the
Philippine Republic.

OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

I (Name)_, solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of
the Republic of the Philippines and obey the laws and legal orders promulgated by the
duly constituted authorities of the Philippines; and I hereby declare that I recognize and
accept the supreme authority of the Philippines and will maintain true faith and
allegiance thereto; and that I impose this obligation upon myself without mental
reservation. or purpose of evasion." The natural-born citizens of the Philippines who,
after the effectivity of the Act, become citizens of a foreign country shall retain their
Philippine citizenship upon taking the aforesaid oath.

DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP

The unmarried child, whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted, below 18 years of age,
of those who reacquire Philippine citizenship upon effectivity of the Act shall be deemed
citizens of the Philippines.

CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES

Those who shall retain or re - acquire Philippine citizenship under the Act shall enjoy full civil
and political rights and be subject to all attendant liabilities and responsibilities under existing
laws of the Philippines and the following conditions:
1. Those intending to exercise their right of suffrage must meet the requirement under Section 1,
Article V of the Philippine Constitution, RA 9189 otherwise known as The Overseas Absentee
Voting Act of 2003 and other existing laws.
2. Those seeking elective public office in the Philippines shall meet the qualification for holding
such public office as required by the Constitution and existing laws and, at the time of the filling
of the certificate of candidacy, make a personal and sworn

renunciation of any and all foreign citizenship before any public officer authorized to administer
oath;
3. Those appointed to any public office shall subscribe and swear to an oath of allegiance to the
Republic of the Philippines and its duly constituted authorities prior to their assumption of
office. They must renounce their oath of allegiance to the foreign

country where they took that oath;

4. Those intending to practice their profession in the Philippines shall apply with the proper
authority for a license or permit to engaged in such practice; and
5. The right to vote or be elected or appointed to any public office in the Philippines cannot be
extended to, those who:

a. Are candidates for or are occupying any public office in the country of which they are
naturalized citizens; and/or

b. Are in active service as commissioned or non-commissioned officers in the armed forces of

the country of which they are naturalized

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF MARRIAGE OF A CITIZEN TO AN ALIEN?

1. Under Section 4, a Filipino citizen who marries an alien does not automatically lose
his or her citizenship, even if his or her nationality was granted by his or her husband's
or wife's country.

2. Only by their act or omission are they deemed under the law to have renounced their
citizenship such as taking an oath of allegiance to a foreign country.

3. If a Filipino woman marries an alien and acquires her husband's citizenship, she will
possess two citizenships, Philippine citizenship and that of her husband.

ALLEGIANCE
· Allegiance is loyalty owed by a person to his state. Section 5 prohibits more
particularly naturalized Filipinos from practicing what is called "dual allegiance"
declaring it inimical to national interests. Note that what Section 5 prohibits is not dual
citizenship but dual allegiance of citizens.

DUAL CITIZENSHIP

· it refers to the possession of two citizenships by an individual, that of his original

citizenship and that of the country where he became a naturalized citizen. It arises
because our laws cannot control laws of other states on citizenship but dual allegiance
can be a matter of personal choice or decision.

DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE CITIZENS

1. To be loyal to the republic.
2. To depend the State
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the state.
4. To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.
5. To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities.
6. To exercise rights responsively with due regards to the rights of others.
7. To engage in gainful work.
8. To register and vote.