ALL SUBJECTS

Thorough confidential analysis of the questions that are expected to be tested in the
KCSE 2025 exams. We are sure that anyone who engages with this compilation will
discover a hidden treasure that is definitely enlightening.This makes it evident that the
following questions will be crucial in the KCSE 2025 exam.

SUBJECTS PREDICTED;
Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, CRE, Geography,
Business Studies, Art and Design, Agriculture, IRE, History and Government,
French, German, Computer Studies & Home-science

CONFIDENTIAL

For Marking Schemes

Mr Isaboke 0746-222-000 /0742-999-000

THE KEY TO SUCCESS!

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) This paper consists of six questions.
b) Answer ANY FIVE Questions in the answer booklet provided.
c) All questions carry equal marks
d) Candidates should check to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and that no
questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

Score

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Answer ANY FIVE Questions in the answer booklet provided

1(a) Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as the word of God. (7 mks)

(b) With references of the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis 3, state the effects of sin

on Adam and Eve. (7 mks)

(c) Identify six ways in which Christians use to Bible in Kenya today. (6 mks)

2(a) Narrate the incident in which Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son Isaac.(Genesis 22: 1-19).
(8 mks)

(b)State seven ways in which God demonstrated His concern to Israelites during the Exodus.(7 mk

(c) What lessons do Christians learn from Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son? (5 mks)

3(a) State seven ways in which King David promoted the worship of God in Israel. (7 mks)

(b) Describe the incident in which King Ahab took Naboth’s vineyard. (8 mks)

(c) State five lessons that Christians learn from Elijah’s prophetic mission. (5 mks)

4(a) Explain the importance of prophets in Israel. (7 mks)

(b) Outline the teachings of prophet Amos on social justice and responsibility. (8 mks)

(c) Give five obstacles the church is facing in trying to curb injustices in Kenya today. (5 mks)

5(a) State the sufferings Jeremiah underwent in his prophetic ministry. (7 mks)

(b) Outline seven final reforms by Nehemiah. (7 mks)

(c) Identify ways through which Christians can reduce human suffering in Kenya to dry. (6 mks)
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
6(a) Explain the rituals performed during birth of a baby in traditional African communities.(7 mks)

(b)Identify methods used to impact knowledge to members in the African traditional society.(7 mk

(c) State six traditional African practices that undermine the dignity of women. (6 mks)

All the Best!

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) This paper consists of six questions.
b) Answer ANY FIVE Questions in the answer booklet provided.
c) All questions carry equal marks
d) Candidates should check to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions
are missing.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

Score

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Answer ANY FIVE Questions in the answer booklet provided

1(a) Outline Jeremiah‘s Prophecy about the Messiah(Jeremiah 23:5-6 ) (7 mks)

(b) Outline the activities that took place when Mary visited Elizabeth in Luke 1:39-56. (7 mks)

(c) State six lessons Christians learn about family relationships from the occasion

when Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover festival (6 mks)

2(a) With reference to the sermon on the plain, state the teachings of Jesus on how human

beings should relate to one another. (6 mks)

(b) Describe the raising of Jairus daughter by Jesus.(Luke 8:40 -56) (8 mks)

(c) Give six reasons why some Christians find it difficult to help the needy. (6 mks)

3(a) Identify seven signs of end times as foretold by Jesus Christ in Luke 21:5-38 (7 mks)

(b) Outline the events that took place on Mount Olives before the arrest of Jesus (7 mks)

(c ) State six ways in which Christians should prepare themselves for the kingdom of God.
(6 mks)

4(a) Identify the fruits of the Holy Spirit taught by Saint Paul in Galatians 5:22-23. (7 mks)

(b) Explain ways in which the unity of believers is expressed in the concept of the body of Christ

1st Cor.12:12-27) (8 mks)

(c ) Outline the contribution of women in the church in Kenya today. (5 mks)

5(a) State six similarities between traditional and Christian view of human sexuality. (6 mks)

(b) Outline ways in which Christians use their leisure time. (7 mks)

(c ) Identify seven ways in which a Christian youth can avoid being influenced into drug abuse.

(7 mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

6(a) List seven ways through which wealth is acquired in traditional African communities.(7 mks)

(b) Give reasons why laws are important to the people of Kenya. (7 mks)

(c) How is the church helping to reduce the rate of crime in Kenya. (6 mks)

All the Best!

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a)This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C
b) Answer all questions in section A, Three questions in section B, and Two questions in Section C.
c) Answers to all questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.
d) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
1-17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer All Questions from This Section
1. Identify the main source of history on the source history on the Kenyan communities during pre-
colonial period. (1mk)
2. Identify two communities in Kenya that comprises of Maa speakers. . (2mks)
3. Give the main similarities in the political organization of the Somali and Borana during the pre-
colonial period. (1mk)
4. Name two treaties that were signed to end slave trade along the coast of East African coast.
(2mks)
5. State one contributions made by early Christians missionaries in the field of early education in
Kenya. (1mk)
6. Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan citizen. (1mk)
7. State one provision of the National Accord and Reconciliation act of 2008 in Kenya. (1mk)
8. Identify two ways through which direct democracy is practiced in Kenya. (2mks)
9. Identify two rights of children contained in the Kenyan constitution. (2mks)
10. Name two operational forts established by the British to enhance control of central Kenya.
(2mks)
11. Name the two sections of the Luo who collaborated with the British during colonial period.
(2mks)
12 Identify two ways through which land was acquired for white settlers in Kenya during the
colonial period. (2mks)
13. Who is the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament. (1mk)
14. Identify one national philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya.
(1mk)
15. State one way in which the Kenyan has promoted music and dance in Kenya. (1mk)
16. State two members of the county executive committees in Kenya (2mks)
17 Give one type of fund where revenue collected by the national government is deposited.
(1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION B – 45 MARKS
Answer Any Three Questions
18a)What factors made the cushites to migrate into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5mks)
b) Explain five results of the interaction between the Bantu and Cushites in the pre-colonial period.
(10mks)
19. Identify three characteristics of the coastal city state from about 1000 -1500 AD. (3mks)
b) Explain six effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast. (12mks)

20a)Outline three reasons of Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya. (3mks)
b) Describe six negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya. (12mks)

21. What were the demands of Ukamba members Association. (3mks)

b) Explain six factors which promoted African nationalist activities in Kenya after 1945. (12mks)

SECTION C -30 MARKS

Answer Any Two Questions In This Section
22a)Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth.
(3mks)
b) Describe the rights of the accused person during trial in a court of law in Kenya. (12mks)

23aState three types of elections held during the general elections in Kenya. (3mks)
b) Explain six ways in which the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy is exercised in Kenya.
(12mks)
24. State three sources of domestic revenue. (3mks)
b) Explain six reasons why the government of Kenya prepares a national budget. (12mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a)This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C
b) Answer all questions in section A, Three questions in section B, and Two questions in Section C.
c) Answers to all questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.
d) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
1-17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer All Questions from This Section
1. Define the term prehistory as used in the study of history and government (1mk)
2. Name one area in Africa where the remains of Australopithecus were first discovered (1mk)
3. Give two inventions that led to the agrarian revolution in Britain (2mks)
4. What is the difference between barter and trade in which currently is used as a medium of
exchange (2mks)
5. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300AD (2mks)
6. Give two factors which should be considered when sending message (2mks)
7. Identify the main source of energy use in the early stages of industrial revolutions in Europe
(1mk)
8. Name the scientist who invented the first modern portable mobile handset (1mk)
9. State two ways through which the growth of Cairo was influenced by river Nile (1mk)
10. Name two Portuguese colonies in Africa (2mks)
11. Identify two communes in West Africa where the policy of assimilation was successfully
provided. (2mks)
12. Identify two types of nationalism in South Africa (2mks)
13. What event prompted the United States of America to join the First World War (1mk)
14. Identify the main organs of the united nation organization (2mks)
15. State the main reason for the formation of ECOWAS (1mk)
16. State one aim of Arusha declaration in Tanzania (1mk)
17. Name one house of parliament in India (1mk)

SECTION B 45MARKS
Answer any three questions in the section
18. Identify five uses of stone tools by the early man (5mks)
b)Explain five causes of food shortage in Africa today (10mks)
19a)Give three methods used to acquire slaves from invest Africa during Trans-Atlantic trade
(6mks)
b) Describe the organization of Trans-Sahara n trade (12mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

20. What were the terms of the Berlin conference (1884-1885) (3mks)
b) Explain six reasons why Samori Toure was finally defeated by the French. (12mks)

21. State three economic reasons for the rise of nationalism in Ghana (3mks)
b) Explain six factors that contribute to the success of the front for liberation of Mozambique
(FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence (12mks)

SECTION C (3MRKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
22. State three European dictators responsible for Second World War. (3mks)
b) Explain six political results of the Second World War (12mks)

23. State five characteristics of the common wealth member states (5mks)
b) Describe six achievements of no-aligned movement since its formation. (10mks)

24 State three requirements one was to fulfil in order to contest as presidential candidate in the USA
(3mks)
b) Discuss five functions of the federal government in the united states of American (12mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
GEOGRAPHY
312/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name, Admission Number and Class
2. The paper consists of two section A and B
3. Answer all question in section A
4. In section B answer question SIX and any other TWO questions

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

QUESTION CANDINDATES SCORE
SECTION A Q 1-5
SECTION B Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
TOTAL

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A
Answer All Questions. 25 Marks
1a] Give two types of environments. [2marks]
b] State three major branches of practical geography. [3marks]
2. a] Differentiate between weather and climate. [2marks]
b] Give three benefits of humidity in the atmosphere. [3marks]
3. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.

I] Identify the process labeled 3 and 6. [2marks]

II] State the force that is responsible for process 5. [1mark]
III] Highlight two factors that influence process 4. [2marks]
4. a] Give two causes of river rejuvenation. [2marks]
B] Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation. [3marks]
5. The diagram below shows some features of wind deposition. Study it to answer questions that
follows
a] Identify part marked K, L and M [ 3marks]

B] State two factors that influence deposition of materials by wind in deserts. [2marks]
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.
6.Study the map of Tambach 1:50,000 (Sheet 90/3) provided and answer the following questions.
a) i) What is the title of the map (1 marks)
ii) Name two districts in the area covered by the map (2 marks)
b) i) Name two human features in grid square 9458 (2 marks)
ii) Measure the distance of river Kerio from grid reference 908570 to grid reference 898620
(2 marks)
iii) Give the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map (2 marks)
c) Citing evidence from the map, explain three physical factors which may favour cattle rearing
in the area covered by the map (6 marks)
d) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map (5 marks)
e) i)Draw a rectangle measuring 16 cm by 8 cm to represent the area bound by eastings 89 and 93
and northings 69 and 71. In the rectangle, mark and name:
• River Kerio
• Lake Kamnorok
• Main track (5 marks)

7 a Define the karst scenery. [2mark]

I] Explain three factors that influence the formation of features in limestone area. [6marks]
II] Give three reasons why there are few settlements in the karst landscape. [3marks]
B] Describe how the following features are formed.
I] Grikes and Clints. [4marks]
II] Swallow holes. [4marks]
C] You are supposed to carry out a field study of an area eroded by underground water.
[I] Give three reasons why you would need a working schedule. [3marks]
[II] Name two erosional features you are likely to identify during the study. [2marks]
[II] State three recommendations that you could make from your study to assist the local
community to rehabilitate the eroded area. [3marks]

8A I] Define the term earthquakes. [1mark]

II] State three types of earthquakes depending on the depth of focus. [3marks]
III] Differentiate between the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake. [2marks]
B] I] Highlight three causes of vulcanicity. [3marks]
II] State two types of magma. [2marrks]
III] State three factors that influence the shape and type of volcanic features formed.[3marks]
C] Describe how hot springs are formed. [5marks]
D] Explain three ways in which volcanic features positively influence human activities. [6marks]
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

9. [A] Different between derived and cultivated vegetation. [2marks]

[b] Explain how the following factors influence vegetation distribution in Kenya.
[I] Living organism. [2marks]
[ii] Precipitation. [2marks]

C] The map below shows the globe distribution of vegetation. Study and use it to answer the
questions that follow.

[I] Identify the vegetation labelled, W and Y [2marks]

[II] Describe the adaptive characteristics of the vegetation labelled E on the map. [6marks]
D] Your class is planning to undertake a field study on vegetation in Mt. Kenya Forest`,
[I] State four preparations you would carry out. [4marks]
[II] Give three sampling techniques you would use. [3marks]
[III] Identify four problems you are likely to encounter during the actual field study.[4marks]

10. A [I] what is continental shelf? [2marks]

[ii] State two characteristics of the continental shelf. [2marks]
B [I] state two types of islands. [2marks]
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 ii] Give three sources of ocean salts. [3marks]
iii] Give two reasons why water salinity is lower in areas around the equator seas than further
away in the tropics. [2marks]
C i] Give two types of tides. [2marks]
ii] Using a well labelled diagram, describe how a wave break. [4marks]

D. Use the diagram below to answer questions that follow.

I] identify the parts labeled. A, B and C. [3marks]

E] Your class carried out a field study on the coastal landforms
I] State two features of lowland submerged coasts that you identified. [2marks]
III] Give three reasons why you needed a route map. [3marks]

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
GEOGRAPHY
312/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name, Admission Number and Class
b) The paper consists of two section A and B
c) Answer all question in section A
d) In section B answer question SIX and any other TWO questions

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

QUESTION CANDINDATES SCORE
SECTION A Q 1-5
SECTION B Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
TOTAL

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A
Answer all question in this section
1. (a) Define the term environment. (2marks)
(b) Name three aspects studied under population geography. (3marks)
2. (a) Name two areas in Brazil where coffee is grown. (2marks)
(b) State three physical conditions that favour coffee growing in Kenya. (3marks)
3. (a) Apart from land pollution, name two other types of environmental hazards. (2marks)
(b) State three ways through which land pollution can be controlled. (3marks)
4. (a) What is reafforestation? (2marks)
(b) Name three exotic species of trees planted in Kenya. (3marks)
5. (a) Apart from telephones, state two other forms of communication. (2marks)
(b) Give three reasons for the decline in the use of letters as a mode of communication in Kenya.
(3marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section
6. The table below shows the number of zebu cattles in four different countries in Kenya in 2014.
Country Number of zebu cattles
Isiolo 42,500
Wajir 22,600
Marsabit 20,300
Mandera 15,400
a) Draw a divided rectangle 15cm long to represent the data above. (7marks)
b) Calculate the range of the above data. (2marks)
c) State three advantages of using divided rectangles to represent data. (3marks)
d) (i) Give three reasons why nomadic pastoralists keep large herds of animals. (3marks)
(ii) Name two nomadic communities involved in beef cattle rearing in Kenya. (2marks)
(iii) Explain four ways in which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve
the quality of their livestock. (8marks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
7. (a) Name two types of human settlements. (2marks)
(b) Name the functional zones of an ideal urban centre labeled X, Y and Z. (3marks)

(c) Give three functions of Thika town. (3marks)

(d) Compare between the ports of Mombasa and Rotterdam under the following headings.(6marks)
(i) Transport links to the interior.
(ii) Mechanization of port.
(iii) The hinterland.
(e) (i) Name three types of settlement patterns. (3marks)
(ii) Explain how the following physical factors influence the location of human settlements.(8mks)
a) Relief
b) Climate
c) Aspect
d) Drainage and reliability of water supply.

8. (a) (i) Differentiate between visible and invisible trade. (2marks)

(ii) Name two types of trade. (2marks)
(b) (i) State four economic benefits of COMESA to member countries. (4marks)
(ii) Name two major imports from Japan to Kenya. (2marks)
(iii) State four ways in which the government of Kenya may participate in trade. (4marks)
(iv) Explain four benefits that Kenya derives from international trade. (8marks)
(v) Name three member countries that make COMESA trading bloc. (3marks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

9. (a) (i) Define fish farming. (2marks)
(ii) State three characteristics of fish farming in Kenya. (3marks)
(b) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify the above method of fishing. (2marks)

(ii) Describe how the above fishing method is carried out in fishing. (5marks)
(iii) Give three problems facing fishing in Japan. (3marks)
(iv) Name two examples of crustaceans. (2marks)
(c) Explain four differences between fishing in Japan and in Kenya. (8marks)

10. (a) (i) Give two appropriate examples of non-metallic minerals. (2marks)
(ii) Apart from soda ash, identify three other minerals mined in Kenya. (3marks)
(b) Describe diamond mining in Tanzania under the following headings. (6marks)
(i) Occurrence
(ii) Mining and processing
(iii) Marketing.
(c) Explain four factors to consider before exploitation of minerals is carried out. (8marks)
d) Students from your class decided to carry out a field work in a nearby mining centre and used
photographing as a major method of data collection.
(i) Give three advantage of using photographs as a tool in collecting and recording data. (3mks)
(ii) State three importance of a working schedule in field work. (3marks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ENGLISH
101/1
PAPER 1
(FUNCTIONAL SKILLS)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

• Write your name, Index number and the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in this question paper.
• All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.
For Examiner’s Use Only:
Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
1 FUNCTIONAL 20
WRITING
2 CLOZE TEST 10
3 ORAL SKILLS 30

Total Score 60

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

1. FUNCTIONAL WRITING (20 mks)

1. Imagine you are the Secretary of the Drama club in your school and you would wish to
participate in a three-day festival organized by the Kenya National Theatre. Your club has a
membership of fifty who would like to stage an enactment of A Doll’s House in the festival.
Write a letter to the manager of the theatre seeking information on:
i) Accommodation.
ii) Charges if any.
iii) Duration of performance.
iv) Dates.
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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
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2. CLOZE TEST (10 MKS)
Fill in the blank spaces in the passage below with the most appropriate word.
The full use of information and communications techniques (ICTs) in the schools will
(i)……………….. changes in education that will ultimately reshape not (2)…………………… how
a class is run, but also the entire notion of what a school is and how it is structured. Today, almost
everyone is concerned (3) …………………………..improving school performance. In the twenty
first century, the world acknowledge that computers will be fundamental to the future of education.
In taking on subjects that may, for example, require comparing Osaka, Japan to Kisumu Kenya, or
learning about the earthquakes, the use of ICTs is (4)………………………… appropriate, that may
sound to (5)……………………..people highly futuristic, but it is possible today. There is little
question that computer oriented classes will have a more interesting (6)………………… to
education than the current teaching style. Using ICTs the students will be
(7)…………………………….involved and will learn more than if a teacher stood in front of them,
talking. (8)………………………..using technology in the classroom has
(9)………………………………own demands, it does not tax the teacher as heavily as traditional
teaching. Consequently, computerization would (10……………..teachers of the numerous
burdensome and mandate teaching.

3. ORAL SKILLS

3.ORAL SKILLS (30 marks)

a) Read the following Ankole song and answer the questions that follow.
Suck and I hide you, my gentle one
Suck and I hide you, my beloved
I dreamt that the hunt was at Buganga
I dreamt that the hunt was at Ngarama

Where, oh where, shall I put, my little baby?

Where, oh where, shall I put you, my lovely little lips?
If I put you in a clump of grass, my gentle one

The hunters’ rough dog will come sniffing around

The hunters’ thick club tears up the back
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 Suck and I hide you, gentle one
Suck and I hide you, for whom the drum sounds

Where, oh where, shall I put you, my lovely little lips?

Where, oh where, shall I put you, my beloved?

If I put you by the wayside, gentle one

Passers-by will take you with them, my beloved
If I put you in an anthill, my little baby
The ants will enclose you in their nest, lovely little lips
Suck and I hide you, little baby
Suck and I hide you, my gentle one

When I am dead and gone, gentle one

Feed on little blades of grass like cow, my beloved
And wash them down with a little water, my little baby
That’s what raises orphans, you for whom the drum sounds
If I do not die, my little baby
Good things will be ours to enjoy, you for whom the drum sounds

QUESTIONS
i) Identify aspects of oral performance that make this song easy to remember? (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii) In what ways would this song be made interesting to listen to? (2mks)
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iii) How would you perform the last two lines of the above song? (2mks)
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b) Read the following speech made by the chair of a church youth group and answer the
questions that follow.
“What’s up guys? Why do you look so sad? I thought the ting tang tong of the quitar would wake
you up. I am here to represent the youth. We are asking you jamaaz to give us some colour or
bakes to buy more musical instruments for this church. I can hear the click of coins. No, that will
not do! We are interested in real colour; real cash in the form of notes. We want you to splash us
with real cash.”
i. Pick out four expressions/words in the speech to demonstrate that the chair has used the wrong
register. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Give at least two examples of ideophones and onomatopoeia from the chair’s speech. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) You are part of a student’s group representing your school in a conference. You have been
elected the Chairperson of a small group discussing a topic on leadership.
i. How would you ensure the group is engaged in an effective discussion? (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii. As you later present your points to the larger group, nobody seems to pay attention. Give two
reasons that could have contributed to the lack of attention. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) State what type of intonation you would use in the following sentences. (3 marks)
i. When were you born? ……………………………………………….
ii. Did you complete your work? ………………………………………..
iii. What a beautiful car you have bought!………………………………
e) A teacher of English was in class during a reading lesson. He realized that the students had poor
reading habits. Mention three of these habits he might have observed. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) Study the following item of oral literature and answer the questions that follow.
Kot took Kot’s coat, Kot went to court, the court told Kot to return Kot’s coat to Kot.
(a) Which genre of oral literature has been used above? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) If the above genre was to be translated to another language, what would be the effect of
translation? (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) Read the telephone conversation below and answer the questions that follow.
Wanjala: Hello, is that Chaka Limited?
Sheila: (Picking the phone) Those shoes fit well.
Hello, is anybody on this line?
Wanjala: Hello, is that Chaka Limited?
Sheila: What do you want?
Wanjala: Please confirm for me whether I called the right place, Chaka Limited?
Sheila: (Shouting) Which other company has a similar phone number as this?
Wanjala: May I then speak to the Managing Director?
Sheila: I prefer the red shoes…. (on phone), what did you say ?Oh, the Managing Director can’t talk
to you.
Wanjala: Can I then leave a message which you can pass to him?
Sheila: Why can’t you call him on his personal line… (away from the receiver) go for the red ones.
Wanjala:(Surprised) Hello, excuse me madam, I am WanjalaNicholus and am requesting to talk to
the Managing Director over an important matter concerning one of your employees…
Sheila: I told you the Managing Director is not in (hangs up).
i). Explain three things that make Sheila an ineffective communicator. (3marks).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii). Explain three things that one should observe if they are to communicate effectively over the
phone. (3mks).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ENGLISH
101/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

• Write your name, Index number and the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in this question paper.
• All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

QUESTIONS TOTAL MARKS SCORES
1 Comprehension 20
2 Literary appreciation 25
3 Poem 20
4 Grammar 15
TOTAL 80
1. COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage then answer the questions thereafter.
It is a matter of time before more ex-convicts are offloaded back into communities as authorities try
to decongest prisons whose populations are above the recommended capacity.
Subject to the advice and recommendations of the power of Mercy advisory Committee (POMAC),
about 900 “reformed” hardcore convicts will be released.
This will be in addition to 3,908 petty offenders released since June 1, through a presidential pardon.
The release of the huge number of prisoners comes at a time when police officers are grappling with
insecurity challenges. When not on standby to deal with incidents of electoral violence, the cops
have to keep tabs on criminal’s gangs that have resurfaced ahead of the General election.
Already these vicious gangs have wreaked havoc in Onganta Rongai, Mombasa and Nakuru where
cops are struggling to tame them. The presence of ex-convicts among communities is, therefore,
likely to make a bad situation worse. From previous experience, some of pardoned prisoners find
engaging in violent robbery, burglary, motor vehicle or livestock theft irresistible.
Cops generally fear the next lot of ex-convicts coming out of prisons will relapse into crime, making
their work more difficult. “Our worry is that many of them will go back into crime, this is not
farfetched but a common trend based on past experiences. Once these guys are set free, the impact
will be instant with crimes shooting up” says a senior police officer, who spoke to the media,
representing the views of some of his colleagues.
But police spokesman Bruno Shiosso says there is no cause for alarm since officers are trained on how
to deal with lawbreakers, and that ex-convicts are no exception when it comes to enforcing law
and order. He said they are certain that prisons authorities will only let out those who proved
beyond doubt that they have reformed and become responsible citizens.
“But for those who think they will go baaack to crime, we shall deal with them within the realms of
the law, “noted Shioso.
The police fear is understandable since recently, a former convict bludgeoned his mother to death in
Riagicheru Village of Kirinyaga County. Barely days after being released from jail last month
Ephantus Kiura shocked locals when he allegedly killed Grace Muthoni Ndambiri on June 12 by
hitting the elderly woman with a blunt object.
Kiura had been imprisoned at the Gathigiriri Prison by a court in Mwea for torching his 76-year old
mother’s house. Upon earning freedom through a presidential pardon, the man brutally killed his
mother. He was among the 3,908 petty offenders released from prison in a decongestion
programme.
Kiura was a beneficiary of the community service order. However, he never waited to serve the
noncustodial sentence and is now staring at life behind bars for the alleged murder. Petty offenders
put on this form of light punishment are required to perform a specified number of hours of unpaid
work in the community. This, however, does not apply to prisoners serving jail for capital offences.
Authorities admit that it is often difficult to ascertain the prisoners who correctly merit release. Some
of those who make it to the freedom list either fake having reformed or bribe prison officials-
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 ultimately leading to the wrong individuals being reintegrated back into communities. Though
stake holders have no right prescription for selecting the right convicts for pardon, the general
feeling is that more general feeling is that more attention should be put on rehabilitation of inmates
to achieve the desired change.
“Prisons have turned into containment facilities as opposed to rehabilitation centres where inmates
and convicts are turned into responsible citizens” states Ambrose Ngare, a former prisons boss.
According to Ngare, now executive director of Africa Institute of Criminology, a non-governmental
organization dealing in restorative justice, it is pointless releasing prisoners without first
endeavouring to reconcile them with the victims they wronged.
Compiled by Mwalimu Consultancy Ltd.

QUESTIONS (20 MKS)

1. What is the main reason the advisory committee gives for the release of convicts? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

2. Give the main concerns of the police officers in connection to the release of the ex-convicts.
(2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

3. State the crimes the offenders have been accused of engaging in. (3 mks)
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……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

4. Give the total number of ex-convicts the police officers expects in the communities. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
5. In about 55 words, chronologically summarise the criminal life of Ephantus Kiura. (5 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
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6. Cops generally fear the next lot of ex-convicts will relapse into crime. Identify the phrasal
quantifier in the sentence. (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

7. Identify the attitude of the public towards the released ex-convicts. (3 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

8. What does the writer mean by (2 mks)

‘Prisons have turned into containment facilities as opposed to rehabilitation centres’
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

9. Give the meaning of the following words. (2 mks)

i) grappling ……………………………………………………………………………………
ii) right prescription …………………………………………………………………………….

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

2. EXCERPT (25 MARKS)
Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow.
Ted: The first is the indecisive type.
Seymour: Like who?
Ted: They are quite a number. Hon. Ferreira, or Mr. Key, as they still call him, is the
best example. This man has never seen a fence on which he can’t sit. He can hardly
ever commit to any side. We chatted at length, and he kept talking in circles, citing
proverbs and idioms here and there.
Ramdaye: I wonder why they called him Mr. Key. I hear he can never make up mind which
door to open or in fact, whether to open any door at all!
Seymour: So, what did he say?
Ted: He said that what will be, will be because something certainly will be.
Ramdaye: Is that a proverb?
Ted: I have since been wondering whether it is, but he also said you don’t cross the
bridge until you get to it.
Seymour: Which bridge now?
Ted: I am not sure which bridge he meant, but I guess he must have been talking about
the cases, in case we are sued.
Ramdaye: What an upstart he is! I hear he even has difficulties deciding what and how much
to eat!
Seymour: You talked of different categories. What are the other categories?
Ted: The other category comprises the majority. I would best describe them as the
headless type
Ramdaye: Headless?
Ted: Yes, they have brains, alright, but they don’t use them.
Seymour: How on earth?
Ramdaye: You mean they’re like a headless chicken?
Ted: Exactly! They are headless chicken. They follow the leader of their ethnic group
who thinks for them. And they wait for that leader to make decisions for them in all
matters, including the decision to go to pee. Most members of the People’s Party of
Mr. Basdeo belong here, and so do the members of Mossi’s Liberal Party.
Seymour: I thank God I don’t belong to any ethnic group.
Ted: Then, there is what I can best describe as the entrepreneurial type.
Ramdaye : Who are these?
Ted: These are political entrepreneurs, very keen on making money. They vote with their
stomach, so to speak. That means they will vote the side that gives more money.
Seymour: Are you saying they demanded money to support the no confidence motion?
Ted: Yes, that was my understanding. I indicated funds would be available. They
promised to deal as soon as money changes hands.

a) Explain what happens just before this excerpt. (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Identify and illustrate one character trait of: (4marks)
i) Hon Ferreira.
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Hon Ted

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Explain the use of language in the excerpt above. (4marks)

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d) From elsewhere in the play, what cases is Hon Ted referring to? (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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e) What is Hon Ted’s attitude towards the ‘headless type’ category of leaders? (3 marks)
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
f) These are political entrepreneurs, very keen on making money. (Re-write using a relative clause)
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Explain two social concerns that are addressed in this excerpt (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) Explain why the leaders in this excerpt are planning a vote of no confidence. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

i) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the excerpt. (2marks)
I. Upstart
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Vote with their stomachs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Read the poem below and answer questions that follow:

I AM TIRED OF TALKING IN METAPHORS
I will talk plainly,
Because I am moved to abandon riddles,
I will tell you of how
We held our heads in our hands
Because the owl hooted all night
And the dogs howled as if mourning
We waited the bad news
We received it.
Our mother blinded in one eye
Crippled in the right leg
Because she did not vote
For her husband’s candidate

I will remind you

Of when the peeled plantains
Stood upright in the cooking pot
We slaughtered a cock,
Anticipating an important visitor
We got her:
Our daughter – piece of flesh in a sack
Our present from her husband

No! I will not use metaphors

I will just talk to you:
I do not fight to take your place
Or to constantly wave my fist in you face
I refuse to argue about

Your “manly pact”

with my father
You’ re buying me for a bag of potatoes
And pepper
All I want
Is for you to stop denying me
My presence needs no metaphors

I am here
Just as you are
I am not a machine
To dismantle whenever you whim
I demand my human dignity

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

QUESTIONS
a) Who is the persona in this poem? (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

b) What are the thematic concerns of the poem. (4 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

c) Explain the speaker’s attitude towards the subject matter. (3 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

d) Give a character trait of the speaker. (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

e) Discuss two elements of tradition highlighted in the poem. (4 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
f) Identity two features of style used in the poem. (4 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

g) Our mother blinded in one eye. Crippled in the right leg. (Join using a conjunction) (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

4. GRAMMAR (15 MKS)

a) Give the meaning of the idiomatic expression used in the following sentences. (3 mks)
i) The long-awaited guests arrived at the eleventh hour.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

ii) After thorough revision of the text the teacher told the students’ the ball is in your court.’
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

iii) After being arrested the thief spilt the beans about their spoil.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

b) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. (3 mks)
i) Njoki did not know it was a dangerous vocation. (Rewrite using……………how…..)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
ii) Someone saw Kirimi leaving the plane in Khartoum. (Begine: Kirimi……………….)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 iii) She opened the window and a bat flew out. (End in: a bat)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

c) Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the word given in
brackets.
i) Sophie’s mother ………………………………….of her wearing very tight clothes in
church. (approve)
ii) His …………………………….cost him his job. (efficient)
iii) The ……………………….of the traveller’s was hindered by the poor roads. (mobile)

d) Replace the underlined word with the gender neutral word.

i) The foreman arrived late and delayed the construction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
ii) The housegirl died in the inferno.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

e) Explain the two different meanings in each of the following sentences. (4 mks)
i) The students will read the books in the library.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

ii) The man looked at the cow with one eye.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ENGLISH
101/3
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
i. Answer three questions in total.
ii. Question one has two questions. Choose either (a) or (b)
iii. Question two is compulsory
iv. Choose one question from question three.

FOR EXAMINER USE ONLY

QUESTION MARKS
1a
b
2
3a
3b
3c

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 QUESTIONS
1. Imaginative composition. (20 marks)
Either;
a) Write a composition with the following beginning;
As I stepped into the dingy lit room, a sense of unease washed over me …
Or;
b) Write an essay discussing how poor parenting has had negative effect on children.

2. The Compulsory Set Text; Fathers of Nations by Paul Vitta. (20 marks)
The irresponsible decisions that people make in life have consequences. Drawing illustrations
from the novel Fathers of Nations show how valid this assertion is.

3. The Short Story − A Silent Song and Other Stories by (20 marks)
The low self-esteem that some children suffer is a result of parents who try to control their
lives. Using relevant illustrations from the story Sins of the fathers, show the truth in this
statement.
Or
The Play − Parliament of Owls by Adipo Sidang (20 marks)
Ineffective leaders use oppressive means to govern the citizens but it leads to misery. Citing
illustrations from Adipo Sidang’s Parliament of Owls, write an essay to show the validity of
this statement.
Or

The Novel – Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro (20 marks)
The ambitious nature of artists makes them strive to bring a change in life and even if they fail
they still take pride in it. Write a composition using textual evidence from Kazuo Ishiguro’s
novel Artist of the Floating World to show the truth of this statement
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
102/1

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 1 (INSHA)
MUDA: SAA 1¾

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO
a) Andika jina lako na nambari yako ya mtihani.
b) Tia sahihi yako kasha uandike tarehe ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
c) Andika insha mbili
d) Swali la kwanza ni la lazima
e) Kasha chagua insha nyingine moja kati ya hizo tatu zilizoakia.
f) Kila insha isipungue maneno 400.
g) Kila insha ina alama 20
h) Kila insha lazima iandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE.

SWALI UPEO ALAMA
1 20
20
JUMLA 40

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

1. LAZIMA
Wewe ni mhariri wa gazeti la Angaza. Andika tahariri kuhusu umuhimu wa wanafunzi kushiriki
katika michezo na masomo mengine yasiyokuwa ya kiakademia.

2. Maovu ya kijamii yamekithiri sana miongoni mwa vijana. Eleza chanzo na upendekeze hatua
zinazofaa kuchukuliwa ili kusitisha maovu haya.

3. Tunga kisa kitakachodhihirisha matumizi methali ifuatayo:

Jifya moja haliinjiki chungu

4. Andika kisa kinachoanza kwa maneno haya.

“Umeletwa hapa na wasamaria wema.” Sauti ikanieleza. Nikavuta kumbukizi……

HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO KUPIGWA CHAPA!

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
102/2

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 2 (LUGHA)
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO
a) Andika jina lako na nambari yako ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
b) Tia sahihi yako na kisha uandike tarehe ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
c) Jibu maswali yote.
d) Majibu yote yaandikwe katika nafasi ulizoachiwa katika kijitabu hiki cha maswali.
e) Majibu yote ni lazima yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

Kwa matumizi ya Mtahini Pekee :

SWALI UPEO ALAMA
1. Ufahamu 15
2. Muhtasari 15
3. Matumizi ya Lugha 40
4. Isimu Jamii 10
JUMLA 80

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

1. Ufahamu (Alama 15)
Soma makala halafu ujibu maswali yanayofuatia.
Leo Mwalimu Bidii amerauka kama ada yake kwa ajili ya kutekeleza wajibu wake kwa wanafunzi
wake Shuleni Mwera. Anaelewa barabara kwamba mchapuko wa ghafla wa gonjwa la korona kule
Uchina, ulitikisa na kuvuruga dunia nzima katika nyanja zote za maisha ya binadamu. Miongoni
mwa nyanja zilizoathiriwa zaidi ni elimu ambayo huongoza nyanja zingine za maisha. Awali,
taasisi zote za elimu zilifungwa kama hatua muhimu ya kudhibiti msambao wa uwele huu. Baadaye
afueni ilipodhihiri, na ushauri kutolewa na wataalamu wa afya, mataifa mbalimbali yalibuni
taratibu za kurejelewa kwa shughuli za masomo katika taasisi zote. Labda marejeleo haya
hayakuwa na ugumu kama ilivyokuwa namna ya kufidia na kurejelewa kwa mfumo wa kawaida
shuleni. Naam, mwiba uchomeapo ndipo utolewapo na tiba mjarabu ni ile itokayo kwa mwele
mwenyewe. Wizara ya elimu nchini iliratibu mihula upya na kuvuruga mazoea. Hii ni hatua
iliyowasababishia bughudha washikadau wote; sio walimu, wazazi, wauzaji na wanafunzi. Sijui
mizani gani iliyotumiwa kupima, lakini watu wengi walihisi kwamba ni walimu waliokumbwa na
usumbufu mkubwa zaidi.
Iliwabidi walimu wafarague na kuongeza ubunifu wao ili kukamilisha mitaala ya masomo katika muda
mfupi kuliko ule ulioratibiwa na wakuzaji mitaala. Mathalani, vipindi vilianza mapema kuliko
kawaida yake na kuendelea hadi kupita saa kumi jioni na kuzima michezo ya baada ya madarasa.
Mwalimu Bidii hakuwa na budi ila kujitoma ndani ya kinyang’anyiro hiki kwa vile hakupenda
kuachwa nyuma. Hii ndiyo sababu ilimfanya kurauka kila siku. Lakini leo matarajio yake ya
kuwahi kipindi cha saa kumi na mbili alfajiri yanaelekea kuyeyuka na kutokomea mithili ya theluji
inavyoyeyuka na kugeuka kuwa maji yanayateremka kutoka milimani kufaidi walio mabondeni na
kuviacha vileleta vya milima na kiu. Usiku uliopita ilikunya kidindia ungedhani ilikuwa
mashindanoni. Barabara iliyotamani kutiwa sakafu tangu nchi ijinyakulie uhuru hadi sasa
ikanyonya, ikameza na kutapika maji yakaloa kote. Wajuao chuku ya lugha walisema
kilichozaliwa barabarani kilikuwa mama ya tope wala sio tope tu. Tazamo hili lilikejeli ile pikipiki
aina ya ‘Honda’ aliyokuwa ameitumia Mwalimu Bidii kwa miongo miwili u nusu sasa – pikipiki
aliyonunua baada ya kuomba mkopo kutoka kwenye chama cha ushirika cha akiba na mikopo
baada ya miaka mitatu ya ajira. Ilimchukua miaka mitano kulipia mkopo wake.
Ilikuwa dhahiri tangu aiguse barabara hii kwamba alikuwa anajenga nyumba ya karata. Utelezi wa
barabarani uliongezwa na magurudumu yaliyolika meno na kubwagwa chini halikuwa tukio
lililokuwa ng’ambo ya utendekaji kamwe. Mara mojamoja ilimbidi Mwalimu Bidii kusalimu amri.
Si hoja kwamba hakupiga hatua za maana kupunguza kitalifa cha kilomita kumi baina ya shule na
nyumba yake ya kukodisha. Muda huu wote manyunyu ya mvua yalikuwa yanaendelea kudondoka
ni kama yalikuwa na kinyongo na mzalendo huyu aliyejitolea sabili kuhudumia nchi yake. Alizidi
kupambana akihema kama punda aliyebandikwa mzigo uliozidi uwezo wake akijaribu kuelekeza
chombo chake kisiende pewa topeni. Kwa kweli hakuenda popote heri ule mfano wa simulizi ya
Sofokile kumhusu mbingirisha mwamba kuupandisha kwenye mlima ulioteleza. Ingawa
 alishindwa kuukwea mlima, angaa angerudi nyuma sio kama mwalimu. Mwalimu alisakamwa
kabisa; mbele na nyuma hakukuendeka!
Mbele yake kidogo alimwona mtu aliyemjua akiwa amevua viatu na kuvishika mikononi ili alikabili
tope barabarani. Huyu alikuwa afisa wa maabara kwenye Zahanati ya Nafuu iliyokuwa karibu na
Shule ya Mwera. Muala Mutia alipambana na hali yake bila kutazama nyuma aone dhiki alizokuwa
anapitia mwalimu. Aliogopa kuchelewa kupokezwa zamu na mwenzake aliyehudumu usiku huo.
Hakupenda nuksani za asubuhi ambazo Kechi angemzulia lau angechelewa hata kwa dakika
chache tu. Kechi alikuwa mbali sana na ungwana na wenzake kazini waliepuka kumkorofisha
kwani hakuna neno ambalo ulimi wake haungelitaja faraghani na hadharani. Hakuwa na kaba ya
ulimi. Kama alikuwa na marafiki, achana na wandani, hawakujulikana pale zahanatini. Mutia
aliambaa shari ili imwambae. Lakini leo ilikuwa muhali kwani hangeweza kukamilisha umbali wa
kilomita tisa kwa miguu katika nusu saa iliyosalia kabla ya muda wa kupokezwa zamu. Na hakika
lisilo budi mja muungwana hupatana nalo wala hapingani nalo.
Hatua kadhaa mbele yake alimpata yule mchuuzi anayewasambazia maziwa zahanatini amebwagwa
chini na pikipiki yake na mitungi ikafunguka na kurembesha barabara kwa maziwa yaliyokuwamo.
Kiplimo, jamaa aliyestawisha kilimo cha ufugaji katika Kijiji cha Kaplel, leo ameambulia hasara.
Atarejea nyumbani mikono mitupu. Alisakama pale matopeni hadi Mutia alipomfikia na kuinua
pikipiki iliyokuwa imeumbana mguu wake wa kulia asitoke.
“Hawa viongozi wetu wanahujumu maendeleo yetu kabisa! Mbona miaka hii yote barabara hii
haijabandikwa lami?” Kiplimo akamaka baada ya kusimama.
Mutia akamkumbusha, “Lakini si ni nyinyi mna mazoea ya kukubali visenti vichache wakati wa
uchaguzi ili kuwachagua wanafiki hawa? Kisha kuna wengine ambao husema ‘Tunachagua mtu
wetu’, ‘mtu wetu’ ambaye sasa hana mwao kuhusu kero tunazopitia! Na wengine kama yule jirani
yetu upande wa kusini haendi kupiga kura akidai kuwa kura yake moja haiwezi kuleta tofauti
yoyote. Ni janga tumelichuma wakati wa uchaguzi sasa tuvumilie kulila. Wajua tangu kale, mwiba
wa kujidunga huambiwi pole.”
Mwalimu Bidii naye, baada ya kughairi nia, alikuwa ameegesha ‘Honda’ yake kando ya kigingi cha
ua uliozingira shamba la yule mkwasi ambaye wengi hawakumjua ila walimsikia tu, akawa
anamfuata Mutia akitumainia usaidizi wake. Alipowakaribia na kusikia malumbano yao, akatupa
nukuu aliyowahi kuisikia kwa mtu asiyemkumbuka, “Choices have consequences!” Wale wawili
wakaitikia kama ngonjera, “Ni kweli mwalimu!”

MASWALI
a) Mikakati ya kukamilisha mitaala ya masomo iliwaathiri washikadau kwa namna mbalimbali. Taja
athari tatu kwa wanafunzi. (alama 3)
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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
b) Orodhesha changamoto nne zinazowatanza wahusika katika kutekeleza shughuli zao katika
makala haya. (alama 4)
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c) Thibitisha ukweli wa kauli kwamba ‘uamuzi una athari zake’ kwa kurejelea matukio matatu
kuwahusu wananchi kama inavyosimuliwa katika kifungu hiki. (alama 3)
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d) Nakili kisawe cha ‘bughudha’ kutoka kifunguni. (alama 1)

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e) Andika visawe vya nahau zifuatazo: (alama 2)

(i) aliyejitolea sabili ………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) kisiende pewa …………………………………………………………………………………

f) (i) Bila kukanusha, eleza maana ya ‘Hakuwa na kaba ya ulimi.’ (alama 1)

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g) Andika methali moja inayoasa kuhusu ulimi. (alama 1)

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2. Ufupisho (Alama 15)
Fupisha kifungu hiki kulingana maagizo yanayotolewa mwishoni mwake.
Katika karne ya kumi na tisa bara la Afrika lilivamiwa na nchi za Ulaya kama vile Uingereza,
Ufaransa, Ujerumani, Ubelgiji, Italia, Ureno na kadhalika na kutwaliwa. Uingiliaji huu haukuhusu
Afrika pekee bali mataifa mengine katika ule ulioitwa ulimwengu usiostaarabika kama India. Kwa
mujibu wa wanahistoria, Uingereza ndilo taifa lililojitwalia idadi kubwa ya nchi za ulimwengu
chini ya mfumo wa kiutawala ulioitwa ukoloni labda kwa sababu kwamba Uingereza ni taifa
lililokuwa limefikia ustawi mkubwa katika Ulaya nzima wakati huo. Bila shaka huu ulikuwa
muktadha uliostahili matumizi ya usemi kuwa mwenye nguvu hupishwa na mataifa mengine ya
Ulaya hayakuwa na budi ila kuipisha Uingereza ijilimbikizie mataifa ya ulimwengu na kuyaweka
chini ya kwapa zake. Jambo lingine lililoiwezesha Uingereza kuyapiku mataifa mengine ya Ulaya
katika kujipakulia koloni ulimwenguni ni kwamba Waingereza walitakadamu katika uvumbuzi wa
vyombo vya usafiri wa majini na kwa hivyo waliweza kuzuru nchi za ulimwengu kwa wepesi zaidi
na katika kipindi kifupi. Licha ya Uingereza kuwa katika nafasi bora ya kutwaa koloni
ulimwenguni, mataifa mengine ya Ulaya hayakusubiri kugawiwa bali hayo pia yaling’ang’ania
kumega sehemu fulani ya koloni. Huu mng’ang’anio ulikuwa kinyang’anyiro halisi ambacho
kilimithilishwa na watu wanaogawana kipande cha mkate au nyama; kila mmoja akijikatia kadiri
ya uwezo wake na makali ya kisu chake.
Uvamizi huu ulidhihirika kupitia utwaliwaji wa mamlaka ya kiutawala katika mataifa yaliyoathiriwa
na kuwekwa chini ya himaya ya taifa husika kutoka Ulaya. Mtindo huu ulikinzana na tawala asilia
za jamii mbalimbali za Kiafrika zilizokuwa na falme zao ambazo zilisambaratishwa baada ya
kuangikwa kwa bendera ya taifa husika kutoka Ulaya. Hakukuwa na fursa ya kutathmini namna
kila jamii katika kila eneo ilivyoendesha serikali yake chini ya viongozi wao mbalimbali.
Usishangae kusikia kwamba Wazungu wengi waliipuuzilia mbali hii mifumo ya kiutawala au hata
kudai kwamba wenyeji hawakuwa na mfumo wowote wa kujitawala. Uhasama uliokuwepo baina
ya jamii tofauti pamoja na upekee wa mila na tamaduni zao zingine, ni mambo yaliyoangaziwa
kwa kurunzi kali zaidi na kupuuza ukweli kwamba Waafrika walikuwa na mifumo mbalimbali ya
kujiongoza.
Bara la Afrika lilikatwakatwa katika vipande mbalimbali na kugawiwa mataifa tofautitofauti ya Ulaya.
Walibuni mipaka kiholela na kuwatenganisha watu wa jamii moja wakajipata kwenye nchi mbili
tofauti. Si ajabu kwamba hata katika visa vya kidhalimu watu wa familia moja walitenganishwa
kwa kuwekwa katika nchi mbili tofauti. Aidha, hata watu wa ukoo mmoja walitawanywa
kimakusudi na kupelekwa katika maeneo mengine ya kijiografia yaliyoitwa nchi. Kadhalika, hata
kuna maboma ambayo yalipigwa mpaka katikati na kumega sehemu moja kuitupa katika nchi
tofauti na nyingine. Na kwa kweli asiyekujua hakudhamini. Watu walioathirika na tendo hili la
kiholela waliona ugumu mkubwa kutii mipaka ya aina hii na kunao waliokaidi mipaka na
kuendelea kutagusana na kutangamana na jamaa zao kokote walikopelekwa.
Tahakiki za wanahistoria hudai kwamba uvamizi wa Wazungu katika bara la Afrika, kwa kiwango
cha juu zaidi uliletwa na msukumo wa kutaka kunyakua maliasili kochokocho iliyojaa katika
maeneo mengi. Madini kama chuma, makaa, shaba, almasi, dhahabu na mengine mengi yalijaa tele
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 na viwanda vilivyokuwa vimestawishwa kutokana na Mageuzi ya Kiwanda ya Karne ya 19
vilihitaji malighafi na madini kwa wingi. Afrika illikuwa na hazina ya hiyo malighafi na ilifaa
kutwaliwa bila pingamizi. Njia ya pekee ya kujihakikishia kuwepo mfululizo kwa bidhaa hii
ilikuwa kuziweka nchi hizi chini ya himaya za serikali zao za Ulaya. Sina shaka walielewa msemo
kwamba pavumapo palilie nao wageni wavamizi iliwabidi walilie bara lenye maliasili nyingi sana.
Licha ya majilio ya Wazungu barani Afrika kuangaziwa kwa uhasi, ni kweli kwamba kuna mambo
mengi mazuri ambayo hayangetokea lau hawangalikuja. Ustawishaji wa miundomsingi, hasa njia,
uliwezesha maeneo ya ndani kufikiwa bila bughudha nyingi. Ikumbukwe kwamba njia ya reli ya
Kenya – Uganda, iliyojengwa mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini ilirahisisha kufanywa kwa shughuli
katika maeneo ya ndani ya nchi. Kuna taasisi za matibabu, shule na vyuo vya mafunzo anuai katika
taaluma mbalimbali vilivyojengwa na wakoloni. Hata viongozi wa kwanza baada ya nchi hizi
kurejeshewa utawala wao, walisomea kwenye taasisi hizi. Mgala muue na haki yake mpe kwani ni
stahili yake.

Maswali
a) Kwa maneno kati ya 80 – 90, andika hoja muhimu katika aya mbili za kwanza. (alama 8)
Matayarisho
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Nakala safi
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b) Fupisha aya za tatu, nne na tano ukizingatia athari hasi za ukoloni, kichocheo cha chake na
manufaa ya ukoloni barani Afrika. (maneno 50) (alama 6)
Matayarisho
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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Nakala safi
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3. Matumizi ya Lugha (Alama 40)

a) Andika maneno yenye vitamkwa vya sifa zifuatazo: (alama 2)
(i) kikwamizwa sighuna cha kaakaa gumu, irabu ya nyuma juu, kikwamizwa ghuna cha kaakaa
laini, irabu ya nyuma juu, kilainisho na irabu ya mbele juu
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(ii) nazali ya midomoni, irabu ya mbele kati, nazali ya ufizini na irabu ya nyuma wastani
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b) Taja sifa zinazoonyesha usawa baina ya kila jozi ya sauti hizi. (alama 1)
(i) /m/ na /w/ …………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) /t/ na /ch/ …………………………………………………………………………………
c) Eleza maana mbili zilizo katika sentensi: (alama 2)
Usijadili mtihani unaoendelea wakati huu.
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d) Tumia wingi kuandika sentensi zifuatazo.
(i) Mkulima alilima ucheu ili kujiandaa kwa msimu wa upanzi wa nafaka. (alama 1)
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(ii) Shauri lake liliniepusha na janga la uwele hatari unaosambaa haraka. (alama 1)
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e) Onyesha katika sentensi moja matumizi mawili ya ritifaa (‘) katika lugha. (alama 2)
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f) Zingatia maagizo katika mabano mwishoni mwa kila sentensi kuziandika upya.
(i) Wangia alipata mafunzo murua chuoni. Wangia ni stadi katika Kifaransa.
(Unganisha ukianzia: Mafunzo…) (alama 2)
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(ii) Sherehe nyingi zilifanywa ili kuadhimisha ushindi wa Pute. (Tumia vitenzijina badala ya
maneno yaliyopigiwa mistari.) (alama 2)
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(iii) Mari alinunua simutamba mpya kwa shilingi elfu kumi na kumtunza mwanafunzi bora.
(Anza na shamirisho ala.) (alama 2)
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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

g) Ainisha mofimu katika maneno yafuatayo:
(i) katika (kitenzi) ……………………………………………………………………... (alama 1)
(ii) achaguliwaye ……………………………………………………………………… (alama 2)

h) Tunga mfano mojamoja wa sentensi kwa kila muundo.

(i) S - KN (Ɵ)+KT(Ts+T+H+N) (alama 1)
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(ii) S - KN (W+V)+KT(t+N+V) (alama 2)
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i) Bainisha kiima, kiarifu na chagizo katika sentensi hii. (alama 3)

Mhandisi shupavu atakagua ujenzi wa ghorofa hatua kwa hatua.
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j) Eleza matumizi ya kiambishi -o katika sentensi ifuatayo: (alama 1)

Waliofanikiwa walifanya makadirio mazuri.
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k) Ainisha nomino katika sentensi hii: (alama 2)

Mashabiki wengi walipiga vigelegele Kocha Manoa alipowapa maji.
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l) Vishazi tegemezi vina dhima za kivumishi na kielezi. Tunga sentensi mojamoja kuonyesha
kila dhima. (alama 2)
(i) kivumishi: ……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) kielezi: ………………………………………………………………………………………..
m) Onyesha maana mbili za neno ‘bunda’ kwa kutungia sentensi mbili tofauti. (alama 2)
(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
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n) Kwa kutumia sentensi moja, onyesha miundo miwili ya virai husishi. (alama 2)
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o) Akifisha.
siku ya kiswahili duniani iliadhimishwa na wengi ilifana (alama 2)
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p) Jaza mapengo kwa maneno yanayostahili. (alama 2)

Kinza ni kwa pinga na tambua ni kwa …………………………….. ilhali nata ni kwa
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r) Onyesha katika sentensi maana ya nahau: ‘shika shokoa’. (alama 1)

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s) Kasura aligundua kwamba Ogina alikuwa na uwezo mwingi wa kukabili Somo la Hisabati
na akaamua kwenda mara kwa mara kupewa ushauri na Ogina hata akaimarika. Taja methali
inayoweza kutumiwa kuafiki muktadha wa Kasura. (alama 1)
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t) Kwa kuzingatia dhamira, sentensi ifuatayo inaweza kuwa katika aina mbili. Zitaje. (alama 1)
Mkiondoka wawiliwawili, mtafika haraka.
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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

4. Isimujamii (Alama 10)
a) Eleza sifa tano za lugha ambayo wewe kama mnyapara wa kiwanda cha kusaga miwa
cha Kimatuni utatumia ukiwahutubia wafanyakazi walio chini yako. (alama 5)
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b) Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali. (alama 5)

“Polepole, Mama Mercy! Unajua si kupenda kwangu. Tena si hali itakayodumu milele. Baada ya
siku chache tu, tutakuwa tumekamilisha mradi huo wenye dharura. Kisha tutakuwa na muda wa
kila kitu. Hili, Mama Mercy, ni kile tunaita bad coincidence… nimebanwa na kazi. Unanielewa
…?
“Dadii…njaa…sana!”
Fafanua sifa tano za lugha inayotumika katika huu muktadha wa familia. (alama 5)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO KUPIGWA CHAPA!

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
102/3

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 3 (FASIHI)
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

Maagizo
a) Andika jina lako, nambari ya usajili, mkondo, sahihi na tarehe katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo
juu.
b) Jibu maswali manne pekee.
c) Swali la kwanza ni la lazima.
d) Maswali hayo mengine matatu yachaguliwe kutoka sehemu nne zilizobaki Riwaya, Tamthilia,
Ushairi na Fasihi Simulizi.
e) Usijibu maswali mawili kutoka sehemu moja.
f) Maswali yote ni sharti yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

SWALI UPEO ALAMA
1 20
20
20
20
Jumla 80

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

SEHEMU YA A ;
SWALI LA LAZIMA-FASIHI SIMULIZI
1.
a) Fafanua maana ya lakabu (alama 2)
b) Sifa za lakabu ni zipi (alama 5)
c) Kwa nini lakabu ni muhimu katika jamii? (alama 3)
d) Jadili manufaa ya utafiti katika fasihi simulizi. (alama 10)
Hadithi fupi
Mapambazuko ya machweo na Hadithi nyingine
2. Eleza nafasi ya vijana na wazee katika hadithi ya Mapambazuko ya machweo. (alama 20)
Nafasi ya vijana
AU
3. ‘Sasa ni saa ngapi? Si wajua mtoto angali anakusubiri? Mtoto analala!’
a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili (alama 4)
b) Bainisha mtindo katika dondoo hili (alama 3)
c) Eleza umuhimu wa msemaji katika kuendeleza maudhui katika hadithi ya Harubu ya maisha.
(alama 10)
d) Kwa hoja tatu, eleza umuhimu wa msimulizi katika kuendeleza hadithi ya mzimu wa
kipwerere (alama 3)

TAMTHILIA YA BEMBEA YA MAISHA NA TIMOTHY AREGE

4. “…haikuwa mara moja mnavyofikiria. Ilianza pale chuoni. Wenzangu walinipa mvinyo
kunirai kuonja ulevi.”
a) Eleza maudhui manne yanayojidokeza katika dondoo hili. (alama 4)
b) Eleza athari za mhusika anayerejelewa kujitosa katika suala linalooredheshwa kwenye
dondoo. (alama 6)
c) Kwa kurejelewa mifano tano katika tamthilia ya Bembea ya maisha, eleza tofauti iliopo katika
maisha ya ndoa ya zamani na sasa (alama 10)
AU
5. Jadili sababu kumi zilizompeleka mwandishi T. Arege kuandika Tamthilia hii. (alama 20)

RIWAYA YA NGUU ZA JADI NA PROFESA CLARA MOMANYI

6. “Samahani… Nina shida kidogo. Ninaomba usaidizi. Sikuwa nikilipa ushuru katika biashara
zangu. Sasa wanataka kuzifunga na kunipeleka kotini.”
a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo (alama 4)
b) Bainisha toni katika dondoo hili (alama 2)
c) Msemaji wa maneno haya na wengine ni adui ya wananchi wa Matuo. Eleza ukweli wa kauli
hili. (alama 14)
AU
7. Matumizi mabaya ya mamlaka ni tatizo sugu sana katika mataifa mengi ya Afrika
yanayoendelea kiuchumi. Kwa kutolea hoja mwafaka, tetea ukweli wa kauli kwa mujibu wa
riwaya ya nguu za jadi. (alama 20)
8. Soma shairi lifuatalo kisha ujibu maswali.
Jiulize ni kwa nini, uanzapo kuongea
Sana sana makundini, watu hukuondokea
Ndugu ujitathmini, hakika umepotea
Sisi twakuombea, mwenye damu ya kunguni!

Mwenye damu ya kunguni, nayo lugha ya ajuza

Wengi hawamtamani, maneno yake yaliza
Yeye ana walakini, dosari kuliko pweza
Kama wewe umefunza, sote hutuona duni!

Sote hutuona duni, na hilo tumezowea

Kazi zetu zote guni, yeye tu amebobea
Umewachokoza mbuni, mateke anapokea
Sisi twakuombea, upae hadi hewani!

Upae hadi hewani, ujione kama bingwa

Mewashinda gazetini, wandishi kwako wapingwa
Yeye kwetu mpinzani, metia mipaka tingwa
Twakuombea mtafiti, hesabu hadi mizani!

Hesabu hadi mizani, utunge kwa kukosoa

U hodari hesabuni, nasi tushakuzoea
We nduli kwa majirani, na waja mekutegea
Kurekebisha hujui, ywatanika peupeni!

Ywatanika peupeni, ywajisifu mjuaji

Amezidi zetu mboni, na amevijunjia mji
Twamwachia waamuzi, kesi wasome majaji
Sisi twakuombea, sirekebike kidogo!

a) Eleza ujumbe unaojitokeza katika shairi hili (alama 6)

b) Tambua miundo wa shairi hili (alama 4)
c) Tambua bahari ya shairi hili kwa kuzingatia mpangilio wa maneno. (alama 2)
d) Andika ubeti wa tatu kwa lugha nathani (alama 4)
e) Tambua aina tatu za takriri zinazojitokeza (alama 3)
f) Onyesha toni ya shairi hili (alama 1)
HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, index number, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
(d) Answer any two questions in section C.
(e) Answers should be written in the spaces provided.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1-16 30
B 17-20 20
C 21-23 20
20
Total score 90
 SECTION A. (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Give four reason why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Name the routine filed practice done by;

i. Removal of extra suckers in banana stool (1/2mk)
__________________________________________________________________
Removal of old stems down to level of top foliage in pyrethrum (1/2mk)
__________________________________________________________________
ii. Removal of suckers from coffee bushes (1/2mk)
__________________________________________________________________

3. Distinguish between GDP and GNP (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What meant by the following terms

i) Seed inoculation (1mk)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

ii) Seed dressing (1mk)

_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

5. Name four types of terraces (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. State three characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers (1/2 mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Explain the relationship between scarcity and choice as used in agricultural economics (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Outline four ways by which crop pest are classified (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State four advantages of land consolidation (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Outline four benefits derived from trees used in agroforestry (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Give four advantages of overhead irrigation in crop production (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State four practices which improve light intensity in crop production (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. a) Give two factors that influence the quality of hay (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Outline two other methods of conserving forage in the farm (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Give four varieties of tomatoes grown for processing (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
15. Give four harmful effects of weed on crop production (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. State four factors that influence the number of secondary cultivation in seed bed preparation
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (20MKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
17. The diagram below represents a method of manure preparation. Study it carefully and answer the
questions that follow;

a) Identify the type of manure being prepared (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the parts labelled E and F (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give two disadvantages of organic manures (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. The diagram below illustrates a cereal crop plant and its produce, study the diagram carefully and
answer the question that follow;

a) Name one disease that attack the part labelled D in the diagram (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) From which section of the produce labelled E, F and G should seed for planting be obtained?
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give one reason for the answer given in (B) above (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) State two functions of the part labelled H in the diagram (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. A farmer wishes to change her enterprise form vegetable production to dairy farming. The costs
she incurs on vegetables are as follows;
i) Weeding sh. 200
ii) Harvesting sh. 300
iii) Fertilizer sh. 500
iv) Seeds sh. 400

When she changes per enterprise to dairy she incurs the following costs;
Cost of buying cattle sh. 5000
Disease control – sh 200
Salary for milk person –sh 2000
Fencing – sh. 500
The revenue she gets from vegetable is sh 10,000 while in dairy she gets;
i) Milk sales sh 15,000
ii) Manure sales sh 1000
Draw a partial budget and indicate the effect of the proposed changes. (5mks)
20. The illustration below shows a type of soil erosion. Study it carefully and answer the question
that follow:

a) Identify the type of erosion illustrated above; (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give three soil factors that influence the rate of soil erosion (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Name one agent of soil erosion (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION
21. a) Describe harvesting of sugar cane (4mks)
b) Study following information which was extracted from juhudi farm record on 31-12- 95 and
answer the question below
Loans payable to bank 300,000
Five milking cows 250,000
400 layers 80,000
20 goats 30,000
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
Debts payable to co-operative 20,000
Buildings/ structures 60,000
Bonus payable to workers 19,000
Cattle feed in store 10,000
Animal drugs in store 4,000
Debtors receivable 18,000
Breakages to repair 30,000
Cash at hand 20,000
Cash in Bank 30,000
Spray equipment 12,000

Prepare a balance sheet for Juhudi’s farm using the information above; (6mks)
d) Describe the function of agricultural marketing (10mks)

22. a) Describe the procedure of silage making (10mks)

b) State five effects of winds in crop production (5mks)
c) Explain five physical methods of pest control (5mks)

23. a) Describe the safety precautions a farmer should take when using herbicides (5mks)
b) Explain five factors that influence rooting of cutting (10mks)
c) Explain five ways through which farmers adjust to risks and uncertainties in farming (5mks)
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, index number, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
(d) Answer any two questions in section C.
(e) Answers should be written in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1-18 30
B 19-21 20
C 20
20
Total score 90

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1. State FOUR factors that determine the strength of concrete in building and construction. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State the factors that a farmer should consider when siting a bee hive to prevent swarming.
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Name ONE livestock disease that is transmitted by the following parasites (1mks)
(a) Brown ear tick
_____________________________________________________________________
(b) Tsetse fly
____________________________________________________________________

4. State TWO factors that enable ruminants to break Fibrous food materials . (1Mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State FOUR breeds of rabbits. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. State FOUR essentials of clean milk production. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. State FOUR measures that should be taken to control brucellosis in cattle. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State FOUR ways of restraining cattle (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State FOUR advantages of battery cage system. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. State FOUR maintenance of a Jackplain (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. State TWO functions of ventilation in a farm house. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Define the following terms as used in sheep rearing. (2mks)

(i) Hogget
__________________________________________________________________
(ii) Burling
__________________________________________________________________
(iii) Ringing
__________________________________________________________________

(iv) Wigging\
________________________________________________________________

13. State TWO types of selection practiced by livestock farmers. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State FOUR factors that lead to long calving interval in cattle. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Outline THREE methods of harnessing tractor power. (1 ½ mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. State TWO causes of small sized eggs in poultry. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State FOUR functions of the lubricating system in a tractor. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. State THREE qualities considered when selecting a heifer for dairy purposes (1 ½ mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B.
19. Study the diagram below of a diesel fuel system then answer the questions that follow.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) Identify the parts labelled (3mks)
A __________________________________________________________________________
B___________________________________________________________________________
C____________________________________________________________________________

b) State TWO maintenance practices carried out on the system (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Below are diagrams of certain parasites. Study them carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
a) Identify parasites C.D and E (3mks)
C _______________________________________________________________________
D______________________________________________________________________
E____________________________________________________________________

b) State TWO categories of the parasites above. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Below is an activity carried out in poultry production. Study it carefully then answer the
questions that follow.

(a) Identity the practice being carried out/ (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State FOUR defects that can be detected by this practice. (4mks)
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the parts labelled M,N,P (3mks)

M_______________________________________________________________________________
N_______________________________________________________________________________
P ______________________________________________________________________________

(b) State ONE function of parts labelled M & P (2mks)

M______________________________________________________________________
P ________________________________________________________________________

SECTION C ( 40 MARKS).
INSTRUCTIONS: All Questions have equal; marks. Chose any two.
23.a. Describe advantages of Ai practice in livestock production. (10mks)
 (b) Differentiate between petrol and diesel engine. (5mks)
(c) Describe the components of a spray race (5mks)

24.(a)Describe FIVE management practices carried out on hedge. (5mks)

(b) State the general symptoms of endoparasite attack. (10mks)
(c) Describe the uses of various equipments that are used in honey harvesting. (5mks)

25. State the maintenance practices of a mouldbord plough/ (5mks)

(b) Describe mastitis under the following sub headings.
(i) Animal affected (2mks)
(ii) Pre-disposing factors (5mks)
(iii) Symptoms of attack (3mks)
(c) State FIVE factors to be considered when selecting construction materials. (4mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your Name, School and Admission number in the spaces provided
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
• Check that the question paper has all pages printed and that no questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
MARKS

QUESTIONS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
MARKS
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
1. State four ways in which the utility of a product can be increased. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Highlight four disadvantages of operating an enclosed office layout. (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. State four reasons why Countries may decide to trade with each other. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. State four functions of the Central Bank of Kenya. (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Odhiambo provided the following information for the month of January 2022
Sh.
Opening stock 200,000
Closing stock 300,000
Purchases 500,000
Margin 20%
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
 Prepare his trading account for the month ending 31st January 2022

6. State four indicators of economic development. (4mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. State four consequences that may arise due to poor arrangement of goods in a warehouse.
(4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The inflation rate in Country X moved from 5.8% to 9.4%. State four positive outcomes of this
change. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Highlight four circumstances under which a manufacturer would find it necessary to carry out
market research. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. State four factors that determine the amount of revenue collected by the Kenyan Government
through taxation. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. The following balances were extracted from the books of Shiku Traders for the year ended 30 th
June 2022.
Debtors 120,000 Cash at bank 180,000
Creditors 60,000 5 years bank loan 270,000
Machinery 450,000 Stock 60,000
Cash in hand 70,000
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
Prepare a balance sheet of Shiku traders as at 30th June 2022

12. Highlight four guidelines that may heir an entrepreneur in identifying a viable business
opportunity. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. On January 1st 2006, Mwaniki Traders had sh. 180,000 cash and sh. 170,000 at bank. During the
month the following transactions took place:
2006 Jan 10: paid ABM Trades sh.25,000 by cheque sh. 1000 cash discount.
2006 Jan 16: Sold goods for sh.14,000 cash cash less 5% discount.
Enter the above transaction in a cash book and balance it off. (4mks)
14. Identify the error committed in the following cases. (4mks)
(i) A transaction took place but was not recorded.

(ii) Entries are made on the wrong sides of the

relevant account.
(iii) Entries are made correctly but in the wrong class
of accounts
(iv) Errors in both credit and debit entries are of equal
magnitude and cancels out each other.

15. Outline four factors that determine the amount of money that an individual may hold inorder to
meet unexpected expenses. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

16. State four factors which determine the size of a Country’s national income. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. Outline four ways in which the nature of a product influences the choice of a distribution channel.
(4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. In the spaces provided in the table below, name the document Jambi LTD would issue under the
circumstances described. (4mks)
Circumstances Source document
(i) Jambi LTD sold goods worth Ksh.54,000 on credit to Jamilar
Traders
(ii) Osuri Enterprises which had bought goods worth Shs.27,000 was
erroneously charged for only Sh.25,000.
(iii) Guru Traders paid shs.33,900 by cheque to Jamii LTD for goods
which had been supplied.
(iv) Goods sold to Jamilar Traders had been overprices by Shs.4,000.

19. State four reasons why the Kenyan government has been organizing seminars and workshops for
training youths in business. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. State four ways in which the legal political environment may improve business performance.
(4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Give four differences between a Public limited company and a partnership.
Public Limited Company Partnerships
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

22. The graph below represents the demand and supply curve for milk.
Price

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

State four effects of shift of the demand curve to the right. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. State four reasons why bill boards are popular in product promotions. (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. Highlight four measures that a government may take to correct a balance of payment deficit in the
Country (4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Mention four benefits that may enjoyed by a Country that is experiencing over- population.
(4mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
• Write your Name, School and Admission number in the spaces provided
• Answer any FIVE questions in the spaces provided.
• All questions carry equal marks.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
20
20
20
20
20
TOTAL SCORE 100

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Answer any FIVE questions in the spaces provided.
1. (a) Explain five ways of making face to face communication effective. (10mks)
(b) Discuss five advantages of trade restriction to a Country. (10mks)

2. (a) Explain five circumstances under which an insurance contract may be terminated.(10mks)
(b) Explain five differences between commercial banks and the non-banking financial
Institutions. (10mks)

3. (a) Using a well labeled diagram explain the effect of a decrease in the cost of production on
the equilibrium price and quantity of a commodity. (10mks)
(b) Kyalo started a hardware business on 1st Jan. 2019. The following is a summary of his
transactions during the month.
Invoice received
2019: Jan 2: Jirani Ltd Ks.80,000
18: Chuma Ltd Ksh.140,000
26: Mwanaisha traders Ksh.160,000

Invoice Issued
2019: Jan 5: Mungi Traders Ks.50,000
20: Moto traders Ksh.150,000
25: Jua Kali traders Ksh.70,000

Credit notes issued

2019: Jan 10: Mungi Traders Ks.6,000
28: Jua Kali traders Ksh.4,000

Credit notes received

2019: Jan 12: Jirani Ltd Ks.3,000
24: Chuma Ltd Ksh.8,000
30: Mwanaisha traders Ks.12,000

Additional information
2019: Jan 10: Sold machinery on credit to Kima traders sh50,000
9: Bought electronics equipment on credit from Lowland traders sh.18,000.
Prepare relevant journals to record the above transactions. (10mks)
4. (a) Explain five uses of the national income statistics. (10mks)
(b) Explain five factors that may lead to business success. (10mks)
5. (a)) Explain five benefits that a private Ltd Company may enjoy by changing to a Public
Limited Company. (10mks)
(b) Explain five factors that the government should consider when deciding on a good tax
system. (10mks)

6. (a) Yoder is an horticultural Company producing flowers. Explain five factors that may
influence the choice of a channel for distributing its’ products. (10mks)
(b) The following information was extracted from the books of Sunway stores.
Opening stock Sh.60,000
Closing stock Sh.120,000
Cost of sales Sh.40,000
Debtors Sh.75,000
Creditors Sh.106,000
Returns inwards Sh.25,000
Sales Sh.52,500
Bank overdraft Sh.24,000

Required:
Determine
(i) Purchases (2mks)
(ii) Mark up (2mks)
(iii) Profit margin (2mks)
(iv) Working capital (2mks)
(v) Rate of stock turn over (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BIOLOGY
231/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(a) Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
(c) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
(d) Wrong spelling especially of technical terms will be penalized.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAX. SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE

1 – 33 80
 Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
1. Name the hormone that is responsible for the development of a deep voice in humans. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. a) Name the bacteria found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) What relationship is shown by the bacteria and the leguminous plant. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow

Receptor

(a) On the diagram show the direction of impulse transmission (1mark)

(b) State the potential at which parts A and B are: (2marks)
A……………………………………………………………………………………
B……………………………………………………………………………………

4. Fats produce high amount of energy on oxidation yet they are not the main respiratory substrate.
Explain. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Distinguish between members of class Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae under the following
headings
(i) Leaf petiole (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii)Floral parts (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. (a) Define continental drift as used in evolution (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What is meant by the term homologous structure (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Name the gamete cells that are produced by ovaries. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Give the importance of mosaic leaf arrangement. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Identify the genetic disorders in man, characterized by the symptoms described in (a) and (b)
below.
(a) Inability to distinguish between blue and green colour and various shades of red. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Blood takes an abnormally long time to clot (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Name the fins that prevent the following movements of fish during swimming. (3marks)
i) Yawing………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Pitching………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) Rolling………………………………………………………………………………………

11. A protein has 100 amino acids. Calculate the number of nitrogenous bases in the gene for this
protein (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. An investigation was carried out on a mammalian kidney.

i. Name the structure labeled T. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. What is the function of the structure named in (i) above in the kidney? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. Identify the disease shown in the kidney above. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

13. .a) Name the part of the eye where image is formed. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two characteristics of the image formed on the retina. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Name:
a) A cell in the human body that lacks mitochondria…………………………… (1mark)

b) A kingdom whose members lack mitochondria……………………………… (1mark)

15. Below is a photograph illustrating a germinating seedling.

a) Identify the type of germination. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give two functions of the structure labeled Z? (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) What name is given to the part labeled W? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Name the cell structures that synthesize the following cell organelles
(i) Ribosomes……………………………………………………………………(1mark)
(ii) Lysosomes……………………………………………………………………… (1mark)

17. A solution of sugarcane was boiled with hydrochloric acid then cooled. Sodium carbonate was
added then Benedict’s solution. The solution was boiled and an orange precipitate was formed.
(a) Why was the solution boiled with hydrochloric acid? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) To which class of carbohydrates does sugarcane belong? (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the type of reaction that takes place when:

(i) Simple sugars combine to form complex sugars (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) A complex sugar is broken down into simple sugars (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………..

18. Name the most appropriate apparatus used to collect the following organisms (2 marks)
a) Mosquitoes………………………………………………………………………
b) Millipede…………………………………………………………………………

19. a) Name a chemical that can be used to preserve specimens in the laboratory. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Identify two scientific skill acquired through the study of biology (2mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

20. Explain why petals and sepals are referred to as the accessory parts of a flower (1marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. The diagram below shows the position of an image formed in a defective eye.

(a) Name the defect. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain how the defect named in (a) above can be corrected. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. Describe photolysis (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23. Name two instruments used in the laboratory for magnification. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Give reasons why microscopic sections require to be: (2marks)
(a) Very thin
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Kept wet during processing
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. State two sites for gaseous exchange in submerged aquatic plants (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Explain why a person can catch a cold several times in an year but only catches measles once in
his/her lifetime. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

27. (a) Name the structure for gaseous exchange in insects (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain the role of chitin ring found in the tracheal system of insects (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Why does the blood of insects lack haemoglobin? (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

28. Under what conditions do animals use tissue proteins for respiration? (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

29. Name three processes in the human body in which homeostasis is involved (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

30. Name two classes of animals that excrete their nitrogenous waste products mainly in the form of
uric acid. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

31. State three adaptations of the gazelle that prevents them from being preyed upon (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

32. In rice field, weeds are normally removed by hand when rice plants are still young. One common
weed in rice fields is a species of barnyard grass which has a close resemblance to young rice
plants. Unlike most other weeds, this species spreads very fast wherever it is newly introduced.
(a) What adaptive variation confers a selective advantage to this species of barnyard grass?
……………………………………………………………………………… (1mark)

(b) Explain why the weed spreads very fast. (2marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33. The photograph below shows red blood cells that have been put in different solutions. Examine
them and answer the questions that follow.

(a) (i) Identify the type of solution in which F was placed. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) State the process which the red blood cells underwent in illustration G. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Account for the appearance of the red blood cells in illustration E. (3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BIOLOGY
231/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
• Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
• This paper consists of TWO sections A and B.
• Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided
• In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided
after question 8
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
Section Question Maximum score Candidate score
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
6 20
B 7 20
8 20
TOTAL 80
 SECTION A (40 MARKS)
1. In a breeding experiment a pure breed black mouse was crossed with a pure white one. All F 1 off
springs were grey in color. Using letter B to represent the gene for black color and W to
represent the gene for white color:
a) Give the parental genotypes. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) If F1 offsprings were selfed, use a genetic cross to show the phenotypic ratio of F 2 generation.
(5marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Explain the presence of the grey color from the cross between a black and white mouse.
(1marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Give one disadvantage of inbreeding in animal breeding. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

2. The diagram below represents an organ from a bony fish. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

a) Identify the organ. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the part labelled R and S. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State two ways in which the structures labelled Q are adapted to their function. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Name the structure that is found covering the organ shown above. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Blood in the capillaries of the gill filaments and water flow in opposite direction. Explain the
significance of this. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The diagram below shows the bones in a human leg. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

a) Name the bone B and C. (2 mrks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name the joint that is formed at the proximal end of bone C (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State the function of the structure labelled A. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Name the bones that articulates with bone C at its distal end. (2 mrks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Distinguish between a tendon and a ligament. (2 mrks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
4. The diagram below shows part of a longitudinal section of a young root.

G H
a) Name the structure G and H. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two ways in which structure F is adapted to its function. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Describe how water from the soil reaches structure J. (4marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. a) A person had an accident that damaged some part of the brain. Name the part of the brain that
was damaged that resulted in the following symptoms:
i) Inability to regulate body temperature (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Loss of memory (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two differences between simple reflex and conditioned reflex (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State the role played by the following substances during nerve impulse transmission
i) Acetylcholine (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Cholinesterase (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Give two differences between a motor neuron and relay neuron. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8
6. An experiment was set up to investigate how body temperature of a student vary with different
temperature conditions of the environment. The data was tabulated as shown below.
Environmental temperature (0C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Frog’s body temperature (0C) 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 43
Student’s body temperature (0C) 37 38 37 38 37 38 37 38 38 37

a) Using the same axis, draw graphs of the body temperature of student and frog against
environmental temperature. (7 marks)
b) At what temperature was the body temperature of the student and frog the same? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Account for the shape of the graph for:

i) The frog (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) The student (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) State three changes that take place in the skin of the student as the environmental temperature
rises. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) State two ways in which the frog regulates its body temperature when the environmental
temperature is low. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

f) Give two advantages the student has over the frog. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) Name the part of the body that detects the internal temperature of the body. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. a) Describe the digestion and absorption of a starchy food (15 marks)

b) Describe adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats. (5 marks)

8. a) Describe the structure and function of the male reproductive system. (15 marks)
b) Explain the role of water in germination. (5 marks)
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BIOLOGY
231/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO SCHOOLS (CONFIDENTIAL)

❖ 20ml of Solution M -A mixture of Glucose, Ascorbic acid and Egg albumen
❖ About 5ml of 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid with a dropper
❖ Specimen R --- A Maize grain
❖ Specimen S ---- A Ripe Orange
❖ A scalpel blade
❖ A filter paper
❖ A filter funnel
❖ A boiling tube in a rack
❖ 10ml Measuring cylinder
❖ 4 Test tubes in a rack
❖ A 50ml empty beaker

Access to the following:

❖ Benedict’s solution
❖ 1% copper II Sulphate solution with dropper
❖ 10%Sodium Hydroxide solution with dropper
❖ DCPIP solution with dropper
❖ Distilled water in a wash bottle

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
BIOLOGY
231/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided
b) Answer all questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
c) You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the hours allowed for this paper reading the
whole paper before commencing your work.
d) Answers MUST be written on the spaces provided after each question.
e) Candidates may be penalized for recording irrelevant information and incorrect spelling
especially of technical terms.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION Max Score Candidate Score
1 19
2 12
3 09
TOTAL SCORE 40
1.You are provided with solution M, Dilute Hydrochloric acid ,DCPIP, Benedict’s solution, 1%
copper II Sulphate solution and 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
Add 2m1 of hydrochloric acid to solution M and Shake.
Filter the mixture using the filter paper and filter funnel into a boiling tube provided.
Wash the residue from the filter paper into a beaker.
Using the reagents provided carry out food tests on the residue and filtrate. (15 marks)

a) Residue
Food substance
Procedure Observation Conclusion
being tested for

REDUCING
SUGARS

VITAMIN C

PROTEINS

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b) Filtrate

Food substance
Procedure Observation Conclusion
being tested for

REDUCING
SUGARS

VITAMIN C

PROTEINS

c) Account for the observation in (a) and (b) above. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) The physiological process demonstrated above occurs in all living things. Name two important
processes in animals that depend on it. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. You are provided with specimen R and S
a) (i) Give a reason why both R and S are fruits. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Why is R also reffered to as a seed? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Tabulate any two differences between specimen R and S (2mks)

Specimen R Specimen S

(b) Using a blade provided; carefully make transverse section of specimen S.

i) Make a labelled diagram of the cut section. Label any three parts. (4mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(ii) Name the type of placentation in S .Reason (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) What is the likely agent of dispersal of S? Reason (2mk

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The photograph below is of mammalian organ

a) i. Name the basic functional units of the organ. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) State any function of the organ above. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the parts labelled- A
B
C (3mks)

c) How is the blood vessel E adapted its function. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Give two differences between blood flowing through vessel E and D (2mks)
Blood in E Blood in D

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHEMISTRY
233/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
• KNEC Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
• All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

1-26 80
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1(a)State the condition under which a Bunsen burner produces a non-luminous flame. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in a luminous flame assuming the laboratory
gas is butane. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) One of the regions in the non-luminous flame is the unburnt gas region. Describe how the
presence of this region can be shown using a piece of paper. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element T.

KEY
∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓ ∓
+ Nuclear Charge
∓ ∓∓∓∓∓∓
̶ An Electron
∓ ∓∓∓∓∓∓

a) State the type of bonding that exist in T. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) In which group of the periodic table does element T belong? Give a reason. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. A radioactive isotope of lead undergoes radioactive decay in two stages as shown below:
216 212 212
85𝑃𝑏 (i) 83𝑋 (ii) 84𝑌

(a) Identify the particle emitted at each stage. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
(b) State one use of radioactive isotopes. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4(i)State the observations made when Hydrogen Sulphide gas is bubbled through aqueous Lead
(II) Nitrate solution. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction above. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The set up below was used to investigate the reaction between dry hydrogen gas and Copper (II)
Oxide.

(a) Name substance A. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(c) Explain the observation in (b) above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6(a)Consider the following equation.

A(g) + B(g) AB(g)

Energy
content

Reaction path
On the same axis, sketch the graph when a catalyst is added. (1mk)

H H

(b) Hydrazine H – N – N – H is used as a fuel in rockets. Using the bond energies in the table
below. Calculate the enthalpy change for combustion of hydrazine. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

N2H4(l) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Bond Bond energy kJ/mol
N–H 388
N–N 163
O=O 496
N≡N 944
O–H 463

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

7. The diagram below represents large scale manufacture of hydrochloric acid. Study it and answer
the questions that follow:

(a) Identify
(i) Gas A (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Gas B (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gas A and gas B. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State the role of glass beads in the process. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Use the following information on substances S, T, V and Hydrogen to answer the question that
follow.
(i) T displaces V from a solution containing V ions.
(ii) Hydrogen reacts with the heated oxide of S but has no effect on heated oxide of F.
a) Arrange substances S, T, V and Hydrogen in order of increasing reactivity. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
b) If T and V are divalent metals, write an ionic equation for the reaction in (i) above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Describe how the PH of anti-acid (Actal tablet) can be determined in the laboratory. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10(a)A student electroplated a spoon with copper metal. Write an equation for the reaction at the
cathode. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Calculate the time in minutes required to deposit 1.184 grams of Copper if a current of 2A was
used. (1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs, Cu = 63.5) (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. When steam was passed over heated charcoal as shown in the diagram below, hydrogen gas and
Carbon (II) oxide were formed.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction which takes place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name two uses of Carbon (II) oxide gas, which are also the uses of hydrogen gas. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. A given sample of ink is a mixture of red dye, blue dye and orange dye. The blue dye is least
absorbed than the rest and the red dye is the most sticky.
a) Complete the paper chromatogram below showing their separation. (1½mks)

(b) The above dyes are soluble in water. Describe how a pure sample of blue dye can be obtained.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Name the solvent used in paper chromatography. (½ mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

13. In an experiment to investigate the conductivity of substances, a student used the set up shown
below.

The student noted that the bulb did not light.

a) What had been omitted in the set up. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Explain why the bulb lights when the omission is corrected? (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. The results of an experiment to determine the solubility of potassium chlorate in water at 30 oC
were as follows.
Mass of dish = 15.86g
Mass of dish + saturated solution at 30oC = 26.8g
Mass of dish + solid chlorate after evaporation to dryness = 16.68g
Calculate the mass of saturated solution containing 60g of water at 30 oC. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15(a) Give the systematic names of the following compounds. (2mks)

CH3

(i) CH3 – C – CH3

CH3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) CH3C≡ CCH2CH3

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Describe a chemical test that can be carried out inorder to distinguish between.

CH3

CH3 – C – CH3 and CH3C ≡ CCH2CH3 (2mks)

CH3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

23
16(a)Draw a labelled diagram showing the atomic structure of 11𝑁𝑎 (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(b) The atomic number of phosphorous is 15. Draw a dot (˖) and cross (x) diagram for the
compound formed when phosphorous react with chlorine. (1mk)

17(i)State Gay-Lussaic’s Law. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) 15cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon reacted completely with 45cm3 of Oxygen gas. 30cm3 of
carbon (IV) oxide were formed. Determine the formula of the hydrocarbon given that all volume
of gases were measured under same conditions of temperature and pressure. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Consider the following reactions

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

The enthalpy is -92.4kJ per mole of nitrogen.

a) Give the enthalpy change per mole of ammonia. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State and explain how each of the following affects the yield of ammonia: (2mks)
(i) Increase in temperature. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
(ii) Finely divided iron. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Excess iron was allowed to rust in dm3 of moist air remaining was measured at 1 atmospheric
pressure each day. The results were as follows.
Day 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
Volume (cm3) 2000 1900 1720 1660 1620 1600 1600 1600

(i) Write an equation for the formation of rust. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) On which day was the reaction complete. Explain. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) What is the percentage volume of oxygen in air. Show your working. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Element P3+ and Q2- belong to period three of the periodic table.
(i) Write the electronic arrangement of their atoms. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Write the formula of the compound formed by P and Q. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21(i) Give the IUPAC name of the following:

CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Give the chemical name to which the compound you have named in (i) above belongs.(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Name the two substances used in the formation of the compound in (i) above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. The set up below was used to investigate some properties of two gases M and N.

When beaker A was filled with gas M, the level of water in the glass tube rose to point II. When the
experiment was repeated using gas M, the level of water dropped to point III. Explain these
observations. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
23. Nitric (V) acid may be prepared in the laboratory by the action of concentrated sulphuric (VI)
acid on a suitable nitrate and distilling off the nitric V acid.
(a) Why is the apparatus used in the preparation of nitric (V) acid made of glass. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Pure nitric (V) acid is colourless but the products in the laboratory preparation is usually yellow.
Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

24.Starting with copper metal, describe how a pure sample of Copper (II) carbonate can be prepared.
(3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Aluminum is both malleable and ductile.

(a) Differentiate between malleable and ductile. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State one use of aluminium based on:

(i) Malleability (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(ii) Ductility (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Sulphur (IV) oxide and nitrogen (IV) oxide reacts as shown in the equation below.
SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3(g) + NO(g)

(i) Using the oxidation numbers of either sulphur or nitrogen, show that this is redox reaction.
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Identify the reducing agent. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHEMISTRY
233/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
❖ -Write your name, class and admission number in the spaces provided above.
❖ -Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
❖ -This paper consists of Question 1 to 7
❖ -Students should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 12
2 12
3 13
4 11
5 11
6 11
7 10
TOTAL 80

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1(a)Draw the structures of the following compounds. (2mks)
(i) 2-methylbut-2-ene

(ii) Heptanoic acid

(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Cl2(g)
Prop-I-ene M

Step I

Sodium metal Product

Propan-I-oI Step III

Step II

CH3CH2COOH

Na2CO3

CH3CH2COONa(aq) CO2(g) H2O(l)

Mixture of NaOH and

Step IV Ca(OH)2 (Sodalime)

Organic compound K

(i) Identify the organic compound K. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
(ii) Write the formula of M. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Give one reagent that can be used in:

Step I (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Step II (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iv) Write the equation of the reaction in Step III. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the process that occurs in: (2mks)

Step II
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Step IV
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) The structure below represents a type of cleansing agent

Describe how the cleansing agent removes grease from a piece of cloth. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Below is part of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Study
it and answer the questions that follow.

Q
C E G L N
D F

a(i) State and explain the differences in the melting point of D and F. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain the difference in the atomic radii of G and N. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Select the element that is the strongest reducing agent. Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Compare the nature of the aqueous solution of the oxide of C and that of L.
Explain. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(b) Study the table below and answer the questions that follows:
Substance MP(k) BP (k) Electrical conductivity
Solid Molten
J 365 463 NIL NIL
K 1323 2773 Good Good
L 1046 1680 NIL Good
M 2156 2776 NIL NIL

(c) Which of the substance J, K, L and M represents the following:

(i) Silicon (IV) Oxide (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Barium Sulphate (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a) In terms of structure and bonding, explain why Silicon (IV) Chloride (SiCl4) is a liquid at room
temperature while Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is a solid. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3(a(i) What is meant by the term ‘Enthalpy of formation’. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The enthalpies of combustion of Carbon, Methane and Hydrogen are indicated below:
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ; ∆H = -393kJmol-1

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) ; ∆H = -286kJmol-1

Enthalpy of combustion of CH4 = -890kJ/mol.
I Draw an energy cycle diagram that links the enthalpy of formation of methane to enthalpies of
combustion of carbon, hydrogen and methane. (2mks)

II Determine the enthalpy of formation of methane. (2mks)

(b) An experiment was carried out where different volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous
sodium hydroxide both at 25oC were mixed and stirred with a thermometer. The highest
temperature reached by each mixture was recorded in the table below.
Volume of Hydrochloric acid 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
3
(cm )
Volume of sodium hydroxide 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
3
(cm )
Highest temperature of 27.2 29.4 31.6 33.8 33.6 31.8 30.0 28.4 26.6
o
mixture ( C)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(i) On the grid provided, plot a graph of highest temperature (vertical axis) against
volume of hydrochloric acid (horizontal axis). (3mks

(ii) Using your graph, determine the

(a) Highest temperature reached. (½mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Volume of acid and base reacting when highest temperature is reached. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Calculate the amount of heat liberated during the neutralization process. (Specific heat
capacity 4.2Jg-1k- and the density of solution is 1.0g/cm3. (1½mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) The molar enthalpy of neutralization between hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution was found
to be -52.2kJ/mol-, while that of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide was -57kJmol-1.
Explain the difference in these values. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4(a) What is meant by rate of reaction. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) In the space provided sketch the diagram of a set-up that can be used to determine the rate of
reaction between manganese (IV) oxide and hydrogen peroxide. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(c) A state of equilibrium between dichromate ions is established as shown below:

Cr2𝑂72− (aq) + 2OH- 2Cr𝑂42− (aq) + 4H2O(l)

Orange Yellow

(i) What is meant by dynamic equilibrium. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State and explain observation made, when a few drops of hydrochloric acid are added to the
equilibrium mixture. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Some plants have seeds that contain vegetable oil.

(i) Describe how the oil can be obtained from the seeds. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain how it could be confirmed that the liquid obtained from the seeds in oil. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Use the standard electrode potential given below to answer the questions that follows:
Half reaction Eθ volts
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Zn(s) -0.76
Pb2+(aq) + 2e- Pb(s) -0.13
Ag+(aq) + e- Ag(s) +0.80
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) +0.34

(a)(i) Choose a pair that will form a cell with the higher Eθ value. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Draw a diagram to represent the cell formed by the pair in (i) above (3mks)

(iii) Give a cell representation for the cell in (I) above (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) State two functions of the salt – bridge. (2mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b(i)Using a well labelled diagram, explain how an iron spoon can be electroplated with silver.
(2mks)

ii) 2.34g of metal Q were deposited when a current of 4.0 amperes was passed through a salt of Q
for 30 minutes. (RAM of Q = 65, 1 Faraday = 96,500C) calculate the amount of electricity in
coulomb:
(I) Used to deposit 2.34g of metal Q. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(II) Needed to deposit one mole of Q. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6(a) Two reagents that can be used to prepare chlorine gas are Manganese (IV) oxide and
concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(i) Write an equation for reaction. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Give the formula of another reagent that can be reacted with concentrated hydrochloric
acid to produce chlorine gas. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Describe how the chlorine gas would be dried in the laboratory. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In an experiment, dry chlorine gas was reacted with aluminium as shown in figure below

(i) Name substance A. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) 0.84g of aluminium reacted completely with chlorine gas. Calculate the volume of
chlorine gas used (Molar gas volume is 24dm3 Al=27) (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Give two reasons why Calcium oxide is used in the set up. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

7. Extraction of iron involves two main processes, smelting and refining. Below is the blast furnace
which is used to smelt iron from its ore.

(a(i) The chief ore is Hamematite. Name one other ore used in extraction iron. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Name the reducing agent in the process. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) What is the role of the hot air blast in the process. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Write equations for the reaction that took place of the region marked A, B and C. (3mks)
A ………………………………………………………………………………….
B ………………………………………………………………………………….
C ………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) What is the purpose of limestone in the extraction process. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Write equations to show how impurities are removed from the ore. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) State one environmental effect of the process. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHEMISTRY
233/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

CONFIDENTIAL
In addition to the equipment and fittings in the Chemistry laboratory, each candidate will require:
1. Solid R (5.0g of oxalic acid in a boiling tube. (Accurately weighed)
2. 100cm3 solution Q (0.25M NaOH)
3. Thermometer (-10oC – 110oC)
4. One 50ml burette
5. Filter funnel
6. Pipette and pipette filler
7. One label
8. 250ml volumetric flask
9. 2 pieces 250ml conical flask
10. About 500ml of distilled water
11. Bunsen burner
12. 0.5 of solid S (maleic acid)
13. 6 test-tubes in a rack
14. Two boiling tubes
15. Test tube holder
16. 1.0g solid T (PbCO3 and ZnSO4 mixture ratio 1:1)
17. Filter paper (Whatman)
18. 1cm length polished magnesium ribbon
19. PH chart scale
Access to the following
1. Phenolphthalein indicator supplied with a dropper
2. 2.0M NaOH supplied with a dropper.
3. 2.0M NH3(aq) supplied with a dropper.
4. 2.0M dilute nitric acid supplied with a dropper
5. Lead (II) nitrate solution supplied with a dropper
6. Acidified Barium nitrate solution supplied with a dropper.
7. Potassium iodide solution supplied with a dropper.
8. Acidified potassium manganate (VII) supplied with a dropper
9. Universal indicator

NOTES: PREPARATIONS
1. Acidified Barium nitrate is prepared by weighing dissolving 26.0g of Ba(NO3) in 600m3 of
distilled water. Add 250cm3 of 2MHNO3 and topping up to 1 litre with distilled water.
2. Acidified potassium manganate (VII) is prepared by dissolving 3.16g of solid KMnO 4 in 400cm3
of 1m H2SO4 and making it to one litre with distilled water.
3. Lead nitrate dissolve 33.1g in 800cm3 distilled water and make it to one litre.
4. Solution Q is prepared by accurately weighing 10.0g of sodium hydroxide pellets and dissolving
and topping up to 1 litre.
5. 2M NaOH prepared by dissolving 80g of NaOH pellets in 800cm3 of distilled water and top up to
1 litre.
6. 2M NH3(aq) measuring 298cm3 of ammonia solution top up to 1 litre. Label the solution
aqueous ammonia (2MNH3(aq)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
CHEMISTRY
233/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
• You are not allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 2 ¼ hours
allowed for this paper. This time is to enable you to read the question paper and make sure you
have all the chemicals and apparatus you need.
• All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 20
2 11 ½
3 8½
Total Score 40
1. You are provided with:
5.0g of solid R which is a hydrated acid with formula H2C2O4.nH2O
Solution Q which is 0.25M NaOH
You are required to determine the
(i) Solubility of R
(ii) The value of n in the formula H2C2O4.nH2O
Procedure I
Fill the burette with distilled water
Place solid R in a clean boing tube
Transfer 4cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube containing solid R. Heat the
mixture while stirring carefully with thermometer to a temperature of 80oC. Allow the solution
to cool while stirring with thermometer. Record the temperature at which crystals start to form in
the table 1 below.
Add a further 2cm3 of distilled water from the burette to the mixture. Repeat the procedure above by
adding 2cm3 of distilled water and record the crystallization temperature after every experiment.
Complete table 1 below by adding volumes of distilled water as indicated from table 1.
PRESERVE THE CONTENTS OF THE BOILING TUBE TO BE USED IN PROCEDURE II
Table 1
Volume of distilled water Crystallization temperature (oC) Solubility of solid R in
g/100g water
4

10

12

(6mks)
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
a) On the grid provided, plot a graph of solubility of solid R (vertical axis against temperature.
(3mks)

b) From the graph determine

(i) The solubility of solid R at 55oC. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) The temperature at which 40g of R dissolves in 50g of water. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Procedure II
Transfer the contents of the boiling tube in procedure I to clean 250ml volumetric flask.
Add distilled water to the mark.
Label this as solution P.
Fill the burette with solution P
Pipette 25cm3 of solution Q into a clean conical flask. Add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
Titrate solution P against solution Q until pink colour just changes to colourless. Record your
results to the table II below. Repeat the procedure, two more times to complete that table II.
Table II
I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of P used (cm3)
(4mks)
Calculate:
a) Average volume of solution P used. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Moles of solution Q used. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Moles of P used given that 2 moles of solution Q reacts with 1 mole of solution P. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

d) Concentration of solution P in moles per litre. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) The value of n in the formula C2H2O4.nH2O (C = 12, O = 16, H = 1) (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2(a)You are provided with solid T. Put all solid T in a clean boiling tube. Add about 10cm3 of
distilled water and shake. Filter the resultant mixture in a clean boiling tube. PRESERVE THE
CONTENTS OF FILTER PAPER FOR USE IN PROCEDURE 2 (B) BELOW. Divide the
filtrate into 3 portions of about 2cm3.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)

(i) To the first portion add two drops of Lead (II) nitrate solution.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(ii) To the second portion add three drops of acidified Barium nitrate solution.
Observations Inferences

(½ mk) (½ mk)

(iii) To the third portion add aqueous ammonia dropwise until in excess
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (½ mk)

(b)Using spatula scoop the contents of the filter paper and transfer it in a clean boiling tube. Add
about 6cm3 of 2M HNO3 provided. Divide the resultant mixture into two portions of about 2cm3.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(i) To about 2cm3 portion add sodium hydroxide dropwise until in excess.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)

(ii) To the second portion add two drops of potassium iodide solution
Observations Inferences

(½ mk) (½ mk)

3 You are provided with solid S. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Describe the appearance of solid S. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) Place all solid S into a clean boiling tube and add about 8cm3 of distilled water and shake.
Divide the resulting mixture into three portions of about 2cm 3.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (½mk)

(i) To the first portion add 2 drops of acidified potassium manganate (VII) and warm.
Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)

(ii) To the second portion, add magnesium ribbon provided

Observations Inferences

(1mk) (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(c(i) Describe how the PH of the third portion can be determined. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Carry out the actual test in (c(i) above and record the observation and inference.
Observations Inferences

(½mk) (½mk)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
PHYSICS
232/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:-
• Write your Name, Index number, Admission number and school in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections; A and B
• Answer all the questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• All working must be clearly shown.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used
• Take the earth’s gravitational field strength g = 10 m/s2.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

SECTION QUESTION TOTAL SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1 – 11 25
B 12 11
13 12
14 12
15 10
16 10
TOTAL 80

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The figure below shows part of scales of a vernier caliper with a negative error of 0.04cm. It was
used to measure the length of a wooden block whose actual length is 7.57cm.

7cm 8cm

Insert the vernier scale to show how the reading was. (3mks)

2.
a) The figure below shows two pins of the same mass and both pressed into a soft board by equal
amount of force.

A
B

Soft board

State and explain which pin penetrates the least into the soft board. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) The figure below shows a uniform manometer that is closed at one end.

Trapped air

58cm
Water

20cm

Mercury

Determine the pressure of the trapped air. (Take atmospheric pressure as 75cmHg, density of
mercury = 13600kg/m3 and density of water = 1000 kg/m3) (3mks)

𝟏
3. The displacement S of a body at time t moving with acceleration a is given by 𝑺 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕𝟐 .
𝟐

State the condition for this equation to apply. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The figure below shows a sketch of a velocity-time graph for a body falling through a liquid.

C D

Velocity

Time

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Explain the motion between C and D. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Using the kinetic theory of gases, explain how an increase in temperature causes increase in
pressure of an enclosed gas. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. A dripless candle is lit and placed on a level bench as shown.

State and explain the changes in stability of the candle as it continues to burn. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Give a reason why diffusion is an evidence that matter is made up of tiny particles. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

8. Explain the cause of surface tension on the surface of a liquid. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. A metal block is weighed in air and then in paraffin and water as shown in the Figure below.

Calculate the density of paraffin given that the density of water is 1000kg/m3.(Take g = 10 m/s2 )
(3mks)

10. The figure below shows two sheets of paper tolled into tubes. one has holes on it.

A B

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

A stream of air is blown into each tube as shown. State with reason the tube that collapses. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Differentiate between conduction and convection modes of heat transfer in terms of molecules.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
12.
a) A form Two student wanted to carry out an experiment to verify Hooke’s law. the student
assembled the apparatus as shown.

Spring
Metre rule

Mass

If the student had access to several other masses;

i. State what was missing in the set up. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

ii. Outline how the extension of the above spring is determined. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. Other than extension of the spring, state one other measurement that should be determined.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv. Considering the measurements above, describe how the above set up can be used to verify
Hooke’s law. (3mks)

b) Three identical springs are joined together as shown below to support a mass of 150g.

150g

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Assuming that the springs have negligible weight and if the total weight of the above set up is 3cm,
Determine the spring constant of one spring used in the set up. (3mks)

13. The diagram below shows a wheelbarrow used to raise a 90kg sack of potatoes. The wheelbarrow
has a mass of 20kg.

60cm 20cm

a) Using the principle of moments, determine the effort that need to be applied at F in order to lift
the load. (3mks)
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

b) What is the velocity ratio of the wheelbarrow? (3mks)

c) Determine the mechanical advantage of this machine. (2mks)

d) Determine the efficiency of the machine. (3mks)

e) Why is the efficiency of this particular machine less than 100%? (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

14.
a) The diagram below shows a set up that is used in determining the upper fixed point of a
thermometer.

Upper fixed point Steam exit

Steam

Boiling water

Heat

i. Identify the mistake in the set up. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Explain how the mistake would affect the value obtained as the upper fixed point. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. What is the purpose of the steam exit. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) When marking the fixed points of a thermometer, it is observed that at 0 0C, the mercury
thread is of length 3cm and 11cm at 1000C. What would be the length of the thread if the bulb of
the thermometer is dipped in oil whose temperature is 800C? (2mks)

c) The graphs below show the cooling curves obtained when water at 800C was poured into
two identical cans A and B painted silverly and black on their outside respectively.

800C

Temperature 0C

Tx

Time (min)

i. On the graph, name the curve TB for the can B. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Identify the temperature Tx. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. Name the mode of heart of heat Transfer tested above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

iv. Apart from length of the material and its cross section area, name two other factors on which
conduction depends. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

v. Why are gases generally poor conductors of heat? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15.
a) Define specific latent heat of fusion of ice. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Ice cube of mass m at 00 float in water of mass 100 𝑔 at 00 contained in a copper calorimeter of
mass 50𝑔. Steam of mass 60𝑔 at 1000 is passed through the mixture until a temperature 400 is
attained. (Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 × 106 𝐽/𝑘𝑔, specific latent heat of
fusion of ice is 3.34 × 105 𝐽/𝑘𝑔, specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 × 10 3 𝐽/𝑘𝑔/K and specific
heat capacity of copper is 400 𝐽/𝑘𝑔/K).
Determine the;
i. Quantity of heat lost by steam to condense to water and cool to 40 0. (3 mks)
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
ii. Quantity of heat absorbed by ice, water and calorimeter to raise its temperature to 400. (3 mks)

iii. Mass m of ice that melted at 00. (3 mks)

16.
a) The moon goes round the earth at constant speed. Explain why it is true to say that the moon
is accelerating. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) A string of negligible mass has a bucket tied at the end. The string is 60m long and the
bucket has a mass of 45g. The bucket is swung horizontally making 6 revolutions per second.
Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the bucket. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

c) The figure below shows a body of mass m = 200g attached to the centre of a rotating table
with a string. The radius of the string was varied and different values of angular velocity
recorded. the mass of the body remained constant throughout the experiment.

Direction of
rotation

String

The results obtained for angular velocity and radius were used to plot the following graph.
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
From the above graph.
i. Calculate the value of the slope. (2mks)

𝟏 𝑷 𝟏
ii. If 𝝎𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 are related by the equation 𝝎𝟐 = × , find the value of P. (3mks)
𝒓 𝒓 𝒎

iii. State the significance of P. (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
PHYSICS
232/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:-
• Write your Name, Index number, Admission number and school in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of two sections; A and B
• Answer all the questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• All working must be clearly shown.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
• Take the earth’s gravitational field strength g = 10 m/s2.

For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTION TOTAL SCORE SCORE
A 1 – 12 25
B 13 10
14 9
15 8
16 9
17 9
18 10
TOTAL 80
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The diagram below shows two parallel mirrors M1 and M2 and a ray of light being incident on
one of the mirrors as shown.

M1

20° M
2

Trace the ray of light through the mirrors and indicate the angle of incidence on M1
(2 mks)

2. Two pins are hanging from a magnet as shown in the diagram below.

Explain why the pins spread as shown in the diagram. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

3. An image I is formed infront of a concave mirror and on the principal axis as shown in the figure
below.

C F

4. The figure below shows a set up by a student.

Electric buzzer

Steam from
boiling water

State and explain what happens to the sound from the buzzer as the bottle and its contents are
cooled to 0°C. (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

5. Arrange the following waves in order of decreasing wavelength. (1mk)

Infrared, X-rays, Microwaves, Radio waves, Red light.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Figure below shows an incomplete circuit of an electromagnet.

Core

A B

Complete the circuit by drawing the windings on the two arms of the core such that A and B are both
North poles when the switch is closed. (1mk)

7. Figure represents a step in charging a material B negatively by induction.

Y
--
X ---

(i) What is the charge on Y? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain what happens at A. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

8. The graph below shows the variation of p.d. (V) across the terminals of a cell and current drawn
from the cell.

a) Use the graph to determine the electromotive force (emf) of the cell. (1mk)

b) Draw a circuit diagram that may be used to obtain the values plotted in the graph. (2mk)
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
9. A vibrator is sending out eight ripples per second across a water tank. The ripples are observed to
be 4cm apart. Calculate the velocity of the ripples. (3mks)

10. The figure below shows part of electric cooker coil.

i. Why is the material labeled Y coiled? (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. State the property of material Y that makes it suitable for its use. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. An immersion heater rated 1500W is used continuously for 30 minutes per hour per day.
Calculate the cost of electricity per week if the rate is Ksh. 6.70 per unit. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

12. Fig below shows a conductor y placed in a magnetic field. The conductor carries a current
flowing into the paper.
S

N S

(i) Sketch the resultant magnetic field between the poles of the bar-magnet. (1mk)

(ii) Show on the diagram the direction of the force, F acting on the conductor (1mk)

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
13.
a) Figure below shows the path of light through a transparent material placed in air.
Air

1400

Transparent material
Ray of light.

i. Give a reason why the above ray is not refracted at the interface of air and the transparent
material as shown in the diagram. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
ii. Calculate the refractive index of the transparent material. (3mks)

b) An image is formed 10cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 15cm. calculate the position
of the object in respect to the lens. (3mks)

c) You are provided with the following apparatus to determine the focal length of a lens.
• A lit candle.
• A white screen.
• A metre rule.
With a aid of a labelled diagram, describe the procedure you would follow to determine the focal
length of the lens. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

14.
a) The figure below shows metal plates X and Y each fixed to an insulated stand. X is charged and
Y is earthed. X is connected to an uncharged electroscope with a conductor.
d

If plate Y is moved away from plate X,

i. State what happens to the amount of charge on the plates. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. State and explain the observation made. (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) The figure below shows an arrangement of capacitors connected to a 12V dc supply.

12V

1μF 3μF 4μF

Determine:
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
i. The total capacitance of the arrangement. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. The voltage across the 3μF capacitor. (3mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15.
a) The figure below shows an attempt to supply each of the three lamps L1, L2 and L3 with a
switch.
S1 S2 S3

To the mains
L1 L2 L3

i. Give a reason why this is a poor connection. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Redraw the diagram to show the correct positioning of the switches. (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 b) A wire placed between the pole of two permanent magnets is connected to a galvanometer
as shown below.

N Wire

i. State what is observed when the wire is moved up and down. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Suggest two ways of increasing the magnitude of the effect you have stated in (i) above. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. The figure below shows a simple transformer. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Primary coil Secondary coil

Soft iron core

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
State and explain which coils are thicker. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16.
a) The figure below shows Zinc plate placed on the cap of a negatively charged electroscope.

Ultra violet radiation

Zinc plate

Ultraviolet radiation is made to fall on the plate as shown on the diagram.

i. What happens to the leaf of the electroscope? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. What would happen if radiation was red light? (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b) In an experiment to find the relationship between frequency of a radiation and kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons in a photoelectric device, the following graph was obtained.

(Hz)

Use the graph to determine the Planck’s constant h. (3mks)

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
c) Figure below shows the features of an X-ray tube.

D G

Oil in

Oil out

Y
Copper fins

A B
C x-rays

i. Explain the function of part labelled P. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Explain why the part labelled C gets very hot during production of X-rays. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii. Explain what is done to produce X-rays of shorter wavelength using the above X-ray tube.
(1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

17.
a) The figure below shows monochromatic source of light L behind a barrier with a single slit
S placed behind another barrier with two identical slits S1 and S2. A screen PQ is placed in
position as shown.
P

L S1

S2

Q
i) What is the significance of S1 and S2? (1 mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Explain what is observed on screen PQ. (2 mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Waves pass from deep water to shallow water and refraction occurs.
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Calculate the speed of the waves in the shallow water. (2 mks)

c) The figure below shows an a.c. signal on the screen of a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope.

Determine the frequency of the signal given that the time base is set at 10ms/division. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 d) Diagram (a) below shows the position of the bright spot on the screen of a C.R.O. when
there is no signal on both Y and X plates.

(a)

Indicate on the diagram (b) below what is observed on the display screen when the Y-plate is
connected to a.c. signal and for (c) when X-plate is connected to a d.c. signal. (2mks)

(b) (c)

18.
a) The following reaction is part of a radioactive series.
𝑟 𝛼
210
83𝑋 →→→ 210
84𝑌 →→→ 𝑏𝑐𝑍
i. Identify the radiation r. (1mk)

ii. Determine the value of c. (1mk)

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) At a certain instant the corrected count-rate registered on a detector placed close to an α-
particle emitter is 200 per second and this falls to 50 per second in 12 minutes. Determine the
half life of the source. (3mks)

c) Study the rectification circuit below and use it to answer questions that follow.

X Y
R
a.c

Q
D2

i. Briefly explain how the circuit works to rectify the alternating current. (3mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Show on the diagram how a capacitor should be connected to smooth the output voltage. (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

iii. In the grid provided, sketch a curve of smoothed output voltage against time.
Voltage (V) (1mk)

Time (s)
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KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
PHYSICS
232/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

CONFIDENTIAL
Question 1
• A carbon resistor labelled X (10Ω)
• A carbon resistor labelled Z (10kΩ)
• A voltmeter (0 – 5V)
• An ammeter (0 – 1A)
• 5 10Ω carbon resistors (unlabelled)
• Centre zero galvanometer.
• 2 new dry cells - size D
• Cell holder.
• 8 connecting wires at least 4 with crocodile clips at one end.
• Jockey
• A resistance wire labelled AB (A at 0)mounted on mm scale. (diameter 0.29mm)
• A switch.

Question 2
➢ Metre rule.
➢ Screen
➢ Glass beaker (250ml)
➢ Water
➢ Plasticine.
➢ A candle.
➢ Vernier calipers. (can be shared)
➢ Micrometer screw gauge (can be shared)
➢ Boiling tube.
➢ Test tube.
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
➢ Some water in a beaker
➢ Half metre rule.
➢ 2 ball bearings. (size ¼’’)
➢ Some sand.
➢ Spatula
➢ Complete retort stand.
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
PHYSICS
232/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:-
• Write your name, index number and school in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided above.
• You are supposed to spend the first 15 minutes of the 2 ½ hours allowed for this paper reading
the whole paper carefully before commencing your work
• Marks are given for a clear record of the observations actually made their suitability, accuracy
and the use made of them.
• Candidates are advised to record their observations as soon as they are made.
• Non- programmable silent calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used.

QUESTION PART MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S

SCORE
1 A 05
B 15
2 A 10
B 10
40

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

QUESTION 1
You are provided with the following apparatus;
• A carbon resistor labelled X .
• A carbon resistor labelled Z
• A voltmeter (0 – 5V)
• An ammeter (0 – 1A)
• 5 10Ω carbon resistors.
• Centre zero galvanometer.
• 2 new dry cells and cell holder.
• 8 connecting wires at least 4 with crocodile clips at one end.
• Jockey
• A resistance wire labelled AB mounted on mm scale.
• A switch.

PART A
a) Set up the circuit below.

V
A

b) Record the voltmeter reading E when the switch is open.

E = …………………………………………………………….V (1mk)

c) Close the switch and record the voltmeter and Ammeter readings V and I respectively.

V = ………………………………………………………….V (1mk)
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I = …………………………………………………………..A (1mk)

d) Account for the difference between E and V. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) Calculate the resistance R for resistor X. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

PART B
a) Set up the circuit as shown in the figure below.

10Ω Z

A B
P
a

b) Close the switch. Tap the jockey at various points on the wire AB and locate point P at which the
galvanometer shows zero deflection. Measure and record in the table below the length a where a
= AP.
c) Repeat procedure b) using two 10Ω resistors in series, then three resistors in series, then four
resistors in series and five resistors in series.
d) Record your readings in the table below and complete the table where X is the effective
resistance for the series combination. (5mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Number of 10Ω carbon One Two Three Four Five
resistors
X (Ω)
a (cm)
1
/X (Ω-1)
1
/a (cm-1)

e) Plot a graph of 1/a (cm-1) against 1/X (Ω-1) (5mks)

f) Determine the slope m of the graph. (3mks)

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

𝟏 𝑹 𝟏 𝟏
g) Given that = . + where K = 100cm, use the graph to determine R. (2mks)
𝒂 𝑲 𝑿 𝑲

QUESTION B
PART A
You are provided with the following;
• Metre rule.
• Screen
• Glass beaker (250ml)
• Water plasticine.
• A candle.

Proceed as follows;
a) Add a volume V= 200ml of water into the beaker.
b) Measure the value of h, the height of water in the beaker.
h = ………………………………………………cm (1mk)
𝑽
c) Calculate the value of internal radius R of the beaker using the formula 𝑹 = √ where π=22/7
𝝅𝒉

(2mks)
R = ………………………………………………

d) Fill the beaker with water and set the apparatus as shown below.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Water
Screen
Candle
Plasticine h

x y

e) Position the candle which acts as an object above the metre rule and 10R from the centre of the
water ‘lens’.

f) Measure the object distance x. (1mk)

x = …………………………………………………………….cm

g) Move the screen towards or away from the water lens to obtain a sharp and focused bright image
(line) on the screen.

h) Measure the value of image distance y. (1mk)

y = ………………………………………………………..cm

i) Repeat the experiment for the other values of x in the table below and note and record the
corresponding values of y. Complete the table.
Beaker position 10R 9R 8R
x
y
𝒙𝒚
𝑺=
𝒙+𝒚

I.Determine the average value of S. (2mks)

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

II.What does S represent. (1mk)

PART B
You are provided with the following;
• Vernier calipers. (can be shared)
• Micrometer screw gauge (can be shared)
• Boiling tube.
• Test tube.
• Some water in a beaker
• Half metre rule.
• 2 ball bearings.
• Some sand.
• Spatula
• Complete retort stand.
i.Measure and record the diameter of one ball bearing using the micrometer screw gauge.
d = ……………………………………………mm (1/2mk)

ii.Determine the volume V of the ball bearing. (1mk)

V = …………………………………………………..cm3

iii.Measure and record the outer diameter D of the test tube using the vernier calipers.
D = ………………………………………………….. (1/2mk)

iv.Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the tube. (1mk)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 A …………………………………………………….cm2

v.Mount the boiling tube on the clamp as shown below and put some water to a height of about
8.5cm from bottom.

Boiling tube

8.5cm

Water

vi.Gently lower the test tube into the water in the boiling tube.
vii.Add some sand into the test tube bit by bit until the test tube floats upright in the water.
viii.Note and record height ho of the water in the boiling tube from the bottom.

ho = …………………………………………………cm
(1mk)
ix.Gently lower one ball bearing into the test tube and note and record the new level h in the table
below.
x.Add the other ball bearing and note and record the corresponding height h.

xi.Compute the values of h- ho and complete the table. (2mks)

No. of ball bearings (N) Height h (cm) h – ho (cm)
 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1

𝐡 – 𝐡𝐨
xii.Calculate S the average value of X where 𝑿 = (1mk)
𝑵

𝑽𝓵𝒔
xiii.Given that 𝑺=
𝑨𝓵𝒆

where ℓs is the density of steel and ℓe the density of water, determine the ratio of

𝓵𝒔
(2mks)
𝓵𝒆

𝓵𝒔
xiv.What is the significance of the ratio (1mk)
𝓵𝒆

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
MATHEMATICS
121/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of two sections; Section I and Section II.
(d) Answer all the questions in Section I and any five questions from Section II
(e) Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces
provided below each question
(f) Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
(g) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used,
except where stated otherwise.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

Section II
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total Grand
Total
 SECTION 1 (50 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Simplify (4mks)
1 2 5
2 − 1 − of 3
4 3 8

1 1
− −
6 3

2. Without using table or calculator evaluate. (3mks)

1.90 x 0.032 x 0.08

3 20 x 0.0038

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

3. The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 40 times the size of the exterior angle.
Find the number of sides of the polygon. (3mks)

4. A farmer has a piece of land measuring 840M×396M. He divides it into square plots of equal
size.Find the maximum area of one plot. (3mks)

5. A Kenyan business woman bought goods from Japan worth 2,950,000 yens. On arrival in Kenya
the custom duty of 20%was charged on the value of goods. If the exchange rates were as follows:
1 US dollar =118 yens
1 US dollar = Sh76
Calculate the duty paid in Kenya Shilling (3mks)
6. Determine the values of X that satisfy the inequalities and show the solution on a number line.

-3 – x ≤ ⅓ x – 5 > ⅔ x – 6 (3mks)

7. Solve for x in 27(x+1) -3 (3x+2) – 400 =86 (3mks)

8. A business man bought two bags of maize at the same price. On arrival at his business premises
he discovered that one was of higher quality than the other. He sold the higher quality bag of
maize at Sh. 1,040 and made a profit. He made a loss by selling the low quality bag of maize at
Sh. 880. Given that the profit is three times the loss, calculate the buying price. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

9. The figure below shows triangle PQR in which PR=12cm. T is a point on PR such that TR=4cm.
Line ST is parallel to QR.
P

S T

Q R

If the area of triangle PQR is 336 cm2, find the area of the quadrilateral QRTS. (3mks)

10. Two buses A and B leaves the same station. Bus A heads due East while bus B heads due North.
The North bound bus travelled at 10km/h faster than the East bound bus. After 5 hours the two
busses were 250km apart. Calculate the speed of north bound bus. (4mks)
 12
11. Given that tan x = , Find the value of (3mks)
5

Sin x +2 Cos x, without using a calculator or mathematical table.

1 – sin x

1
12. Use reciprocal tables to find the value of
0.325

Hence evaluate 0.000125 (3mks)

0.325

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

13. Simplify completely (3mks)
2𝑥 2 −98 𝑥+7
÷
3𝑥 2 −16𝑥−35 3𝑥+5

14. Fatuma is now three times as old as her brother and four times as old as her son. Eight years from
now, Fatuma age will be twelve years more than the sum of the age of the brother and the son.
Find Fatuma’s present age. (3mks)

𝑏
15. Express 3.5̇ in the form of a where a, b and c are constants. (3mks)
𝑐
16. The diagram below shows a histogram showing marks scored in a certain test.

8
7
Frequency 6
density 5
4
3
2
1

4.5 9.5 19.5 39.5 49.5

Develop a frequency distribution table for the data if the first class has a frequency
of 8. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION II (50 MARKS)
Answer any five questions from this section.
17. Co-ordinate’s of point P and Q are (1,-2) and (3,10) respectively. Point T divides PQ in the ratio
1:1.
(a) Determine the co-ordinates of T. (2mks)

(b) (i) find the gradient of the perpendicular to PQ. (1mk)

(ii) determine the equation of the line perpendicular to PQ and passing through T. (2mks)

(c) Given that the line in (ii) above cuts the Y-axis at point R, calculate the distance TR correct to 4
s.f. (3mks)

(d) Given that point Q is the image of P under a translation, find the image of R under the same
translation. (2mks)
18. The model of tank consists of a conical top mounted on a cylindrical part and a bottom
hemispherical part. The total height of the model is 15cm, the height of the cylindrical part is
8cm and the radii of hemisphere of the cone is 3cm. (use 𝜋 =3.142)
(a) Calculate the surface area of ;
(i) The conical part correct to (4 s.f) (2mks)

(ii) The cylindrical part correct to (2 d.p) (2mks)

(iii) The hemispherical bottom correct to (2 d.p) (2mks)

(iv) Total surface area of the model (1mk)

(b) The actual tank has a total height of 6M. find the total surface area of the actual tank. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

19. There are two sweets manufacturing factories A and B. factory A produces sweets with 60.5%
sugar while factory B produces sweets with 80.5% sugar.
(a) Determine the total mass of sugar in 80 kg of sweets from A and 40kg of sweets from B.(3mks)

(b) 80 kg of sweets from A were crushed together with 40kg of sweets from B. find the percentage
of sugar in the mixture correct to 2 d.p. (2mks)

(c) Type A sweets cost sh. 37 per kg while type B sweets cost sh. 55 per kg. in what ratio should
they mix type A and type B in order to give a profit of 25% when sold at sh. 50 per kg. (3mks)

(d) Find the profit realized after selling 20kg of the mixture. (2mks)
20. The equation of a curve is y=3x3-4x2+1
Determine;
(a) The gradient function of the curve (1mk)

(b) Find the gradient of the curve when X=1 (2mks)

(c) The equation of the tangent to the curve at the point. (2,3) (3mks)

(d) The angle which the targent to the curve at (2,3) makes with X-axis correct to 1 d.p. (1mk)

(e) The equation of the line L which passes through the point (2,3) and is perpendicular to the
targent. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

21. Triangle ABC with vertices A(3,4) B(1,3) and C(2,1) has the image A1B1C1 with vertices A1 (-
4,3)B1 (-3,1) and C1 (-1,2) under transformation T.
(a) Draw triangle ABC andA1B1C1 on the same axes. (2mks)
(b) Describe transformation T fully. (2mks)

(c) Draw triangle A11B11C11 the image of A1B1C1 under reflection in the line y=0. (2mks)

(d) Describe a transformation that maps ABC into A11B11C11. (2mks)

(e) Identify two pairs of triangles which are oppositely congruent to each other. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

22. The diagram below shows two towers AB and CD on a level ground. P and Q are two points on a
straight road BD.
A

20cm
C

B P Q D

(a) A car moves from B towards D. At point p, the angle of elevation of point A was 11.3°. calculate
the distance BP correct to 1dp. (2mks)

(b) The car moving at 36km/h took 5 seconds to move from P to Q.

(i) Calculate distance PQ. (1mk)

(ii) Calculate the angle of elevation of point A from Q correct to 1 d.p. (2mks)
(c) Given that QC=50.9M and BD = 200M
(i) Find the height CD correct to 2d.p. (2mks)

(ii) Find the angle of elevation of A from C. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

23. The table below shows height of 50 students.
Height (cm) 140≤×˂145 145≤×˂150 150≤×˂155 155≤×˂160 160≤×˂165
Frequency 3 15 19 X 2
(a) Find the value of x (1mk)

(b) State the modal class (1mk)

(c) State the modal frequency (1mk)

(d) Estimate the mean height (3mks)

(e) State the median class (1mk)

(f) Estimate the median height (3mks)

24. The figure below shows a circle centre O and radius 17cm. given that QS is the diameter and the
rectangle PQRS is inscribed in the circle.

P S

16cm
O

R
Q
(a) Calculate length PS (3mks)

(b) Calculate angle POS correct to 1 d.p. (3mks)

(c) Calculate the area of the shaded part. (4mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
MATHEMATICS
121/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of two sections; Section I and Section II.
(d) Answer all the questions in Section I and any five questions from Section II
(e) Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces
provided below each question
(f) Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
(g) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used,
except where stated otherwise.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

Section II
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total Grand
Total
 SECTION 1 (50 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1 1 1
1. Solve the equation (2𝑥 + 1) + (5𝑥 − 1) = (3mks)
3 4 2

2. a). Expand ( 1 – 2x)4 (1mk)

b). Use your expansion to find the value of (0.96)4 correct to 4 s.f (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 𝑥
3. The expression 1 + is taken as an approximation for 1 + x . Find the percentage error in
2

doing so if x = 0.44 (3mks)

2
4. Solve for x in the equation log8 (x+6) - log8(x-3) = (4mks)
3
5. Make p the subject if the formula (3mks)

𝑝2 −3𝑢
𝐸 + 𝑥 =𝑥 +
𝑦−3𝑥𝑝2

6. An auto spare dealer sells two types of lubricants, A and B in his shop. While purchasing, type A
cost sh40 per 100ml tin and type be B cost sh.60 per 100ml tin. He has Shs 15,000 to spend on
both types of lubricants. Type A should not be less than 3 litres while type B should be atleast a
litre . He buys x tins of type A and Y tins of type B. Write down three inequalities which
represent the above information. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

7. In the figure below PT is a tangent to the circle at P and AT passes through the centre of the
circle.

B
A T

P
If PT =9cm and AT=12cm, find the- radius of the circle correct to 1 d.p. (3mks)

8. Find the radius and the centre of the circle whose equation is (3mks)
3x2 + 3y2 – 6x + 3 + 12y = 0

√3
9. Without using a calculator or mathematical tables express in surd form and simplify
1−cos 300

(3mks)
10. The table below represents the mass and volume of a liquid measured at room, temperature.
Mass (g) 8 10 20 21 30 37 52 55 70
Volume 10 13 20 29 35 43 60 63 70
(cm3)

a). By plotting the points and drawing the line of best fit, estimate the density to the liquid. (2mks)

b). Determine the equation of your graph. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

11. The population of two towns Kathwana and Siakago for three years was as follow.
1st year 2nd year 3rd year
Kathwana 40,000 48,000 56,000
Siakago 40,000 48,000 57,600

Calculate the difference in population of the two after six years. (3mks)

12. Solve for ∝ in the equation 6 sin2∝ - cos ∝ – 5 = 0 (3mks)

For Ɵ≤ ∝ ≤ 300𝑜
13. Arabic coffee costing sh90 per kilogram is mixed with rubusta coffee costing sh.75 per kilogram
in the ration 2:3. Calculate the selling price of the mixture per kilogram if a profit of 15% if to be
realized to the nearest shilling. (3mks)

14. The gradient of a curve at any point is given by 2x-1. Given that the curve passes through point
(1,5). Find the equation of the curve. (3mks)

15. a). Given that AB=6cm. Construct locus of P such that <APB = 90o. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b). Hence determine the area enclosed by the locus of P. (2mks)

16. Given the vectors a = 3j + 2k and b = 4i – 7k

Find p if p = 3a – b (2mks)
 SECTION II (50 MARKS)
Answer any five questions from this section
17. Three consecutive terms of aGP are (x+2), (x-2), and (x-5). Find:-
a). The value of x. (3mks)

b). The common ratio (1mk)

c). Given that x+2 is the third term of the G.P

Find;
i). The first term giving your answer as a mixed fraction. (3mks)

ii). the sum of the first six terms correct to 2 d.p (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

18. A form 1 stream at Butere mixed day secondary school has 15 boys and 25 girls. The probability
2 3
of a girl reaching form 4 is and that of a boy is . If a girl reaches form 4 then probability that
5 5
2
she gets employed is while the probability that a girl gets employed without reaching form 4 is
3
1
. If a boy reaches form 4 the probability that he gets employed is ¾ while the probability that a
3
1
boy gets employed without reaching form 4 is
4
a). Draw a tree diagram to illustrate the above information. (2mks)

b). Using your tree diagram, determine:-

i) the probability that a girl gets employment. (2mks)

ii). the probability any child who has been to school gets employed. (2mks)

iii). the probability that a boy fails to get employment. (2mks)

iv). The probability that anybody who has studied upto form 4 fails to get employment. (2mks)
19. The diagram below shows a right pyramid VPQRS with V as the vertex and rectangular base
PQRS. PQ=3cm, QR=4cm and the height of the pyramids is 6cm. M and N are the mid-points of
PQ and QR respectively.
V

S R

P Q

a). Calculate
i). the length PV (3mks)

ii). the angle between face VPQ and the base PQRS (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b). i). the slant height VM and VN. (2mks)

ii). the surface area of the pyramid. (3mks)

20. Two towns A and B lie on the same parallel of latitude 60oN. If the longitude of A and B are
42oW and 29oE respectively.
a). Find the distance between A and B in nautical miles along the parallel of latitude. (2mks)

b). Find the local time at A if at B is 1.00.p.m. (2mks)

22
c). Find the distance between A and B in kilometre (Take 𝜋 = and R=6370km) (2mks)
7

d). if C is another town due south of A and 1001km away from A, find the co-ordinate of C.(4mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

21. The table below shows marks scored by students in a mathematics test.
Marks 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
No of students 2 3 8 12 15 6 4

a). Draw a cumulative frequency curve to represent the information. (4mks)

b). Use you graph to find:-
i). The median mark (1mk)

ii). The quartile deviation (3mks)

iii. the pass mark if 60% of the students passed. (2mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

22. The initial velocity of a particle was 1m/s and it acceleration is given by (2-t) m/s2 every second
after the start.
a). i). Determine the equation representing its velocity. (2mks)

ii). Find the velocity of the particle during the third second. (2mks)

b). i). Find the equation representing its distance t seconds after the start. (2mks)

ii). What was the distance covered by the particle during the first three seconds. (2mks)

c). Determine the time when the particle was momentarily at rest. (2mks)
23. a). using trapezoidal rule estimate the area bounded by the curve y=3x 2 – 2 and the lines x = -4,
x=4 and x-axis using 8 trapezia (4mks)

b). Find the actual area bounded by the curve y=3x2 -2 and the lines x= -4, x=4 and x-axis. (3mks)

c). Calculate the percentage error when trapezoidal rule is used. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

24. The vertices of triangle PQR are P(1,1), Q(4,1) and R(5,4). A transformation represented by a
−1 0
matrix T = maps triangle PQR onto triangle PIQIRI.
0 1
1 0
A second transformation represented by U = maps triangle PIQIRI onto triangle PIIQIIRII
0 −1
a). On the same axis draw the three triangles PQR, PIQIRI and PIIQIIRII and state the co-ordinated of
triangle PIQIRI and PIIQIIRII . (6mks)
b). Describe a single transformation which maps triangle PQR onto triangle PIIQIIRII and find
its…..matrix. (4mks)

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©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Answer ALL the questions in section A
• Answer question 16 (compulsory) and ANY OTHER THREE questions from section B.

For Official Use Only

Question Maximum score Actual score

1-16

17

18

19

20

TOTAL SCORE
 SECTION A(40 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. Define term artificial intelligence. (1mk)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. List three roles of system analyst. (3mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Outline three way IEBC will use technology to ensure free and fare election. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Write the following acronymes in full

(i) WIFI
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) HDMI
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. a) List two reasons why USB interface has become popular than other interfaces. (2mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

b) Give three disadvantage of using serial file organisation. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Name three common malicious programs that are harmful to computers. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Define the term deadlock as used in operating system. (1mk)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Give any three categories of functions that are available in ms excel. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Differentiate between count and count if functions as used in ms excel. (2mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Explain why liquid-based powder fire extinguishers are discouraged in a computer laboratory.
(2mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Explain the following terms as used in computer crimes. (2mks)
(i) Piracy
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Industrial espionage

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. List three advantages of using fibre optic cable in networking. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Explain two database models. (4mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. a) Give three ways in which ICT can be used to conserve forests. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Give three factors to consider when selecting ICT related career. (3mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.
15. List four sub categories of system software. (4mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

Answer question 16 and any other three questions in this sections.
16. a) List two examples of
(i) Third generation languages. (2mks)
(ii) Object oriented programming languages (2mks)
b) Differentiate between source code and object code. (2mks)
c)Draw a flow chart that will take two numeric values X and Y . compare the two numbers to give
the following output:
If X is more than Y, the program should compute the difference of the two numbers.
If X is less than Y, the program should compute the sum of the two numbers.
If X is equal to Y, the program should compute the product of the two numbers. (7mks)
a) List two repetitive control structures. (2mks)

17. a) Differentiate between the following as used in data communication.

(i) Baseband and broadband (2mks)
(ii) Multi-plexing and demulti-plexing (2mks)
b) ABC company intends to start their operations across all the East African Countries.
(i) Recommend to them the most ideal computer network that they should use. (1mk)
(ii)List three challenges the company is likely to encounter while using the network. (3mks)
(iii) With an example state three networking elements that the company will need for them to
implement the network. (6mks)
c) Give one advantage of using unbound media for networking. (1mk)
18. Study the worksheet below and answer the questions that follow.
1 A B C D E F
2 SKY WAYS AGENCIES
3 Product Region 1 Region 2 Regions 3 Region 4 TOTAL
4 Rexona 3400 3700 4000 4100
5 Lifeboy 2500 2600 2100 2500
6 Omo 6000 6100 6300 1600
7 Ushindi 1200 1500 1400 6400
8 Carmel 7000 6900 7200 8000
9 Total
10 Maximum
11 Average

a) Write functions that can be entered to get total, maximum and average of each region. (3mks)
b) Write down the function that returns the number of sales in the four regions whose values is
greater than or equal to 2000. (2mks)
c) The prices for region 4 were reduced with n% value which was placed in cell C13. Write a
formulae to calculate the new price of product Rexona and applied to other products in the same
region. (3mks)
d) Differentiate between stroke and fill as used in D.T.P (2mks)
e) i) Define text wrap (1mk)
(ii)List four ways you can wrap text on an object. (4mks)

19. a) State three ways in which a signed binary number can be represented. (3mks)
b) Convert the following numbers into binary form
(i) 24710 (2mks)
(ii)9AC16 (2mks)
c) Using two complements compute 2710 - 1310 and leave your answer in binary form(use 8 bits)
(3mks)
d) Differentiate between logical file and physical file. (2mks)
e)Explain three parameters that can be used to measure data integrity. (3mks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

20. a) i) State the importance of information fact finding in system development. (1mk)
(ii)State any two advantages and two disadvantages of using interview method for information
gathering. (4mks)
b)Explain three system development theories and methods. (6mks)

c) Your school wishes to replace the original system with an information system.
(i) With a reason, advise the school on the best change over strategy to implement. (2mks)
(ii) Give two challenges the school may encounter while implementing the new system.
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/2
PAPER 2 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES TO CANDIDATES

⚫ Type your name and index number at the top right hand corner of each printout.
⚫ Write your name and index number on the CD-R or CD-RW provided.
⚫ Write the name and version of the software used for each question attempted in the answer sheet.
⚫ Answer ALL the questions
⚫ All questions carry equal marks.
⚫ All answers must be saved on the CD
⚫ Hand in the prints and the CD

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

1. a) Using a DTP program, design the publication using the sample given in the next page as your
reference and save it as Youth Conference. (36mks)
In your design take into account the following.
b) - Page size 1/2 A4 side fold (5mks)
- Should be four pages
- Margins 1 inch all round.
c) The header “welcome all” should be font “old English “ size 10. (2mks)
d) The pages should be numbered. (2mks)
e) The paragraph “YOUTH ANNUAL YOUTH SEMINAR”
Should : (3mks)
Font - Book Antiqua
Font - size 11
Double spaced
f) Print both sides f a paper. (2mks)
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
HOME SCIENCE
441/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
2. This paper consists of three sections. Section A, B and C.
3. Section A and B is compulsory
4. Choose any two questions from section C
5. Answer all questions in the provided.

EXAMINER’S ONLY

SECTION QUESTION MAX SCORE STUDENT’S SCORE

A 1-18 40
B 19 20
20
C 21 40
22
TOTAL 100

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A: 40 MARKS
1. Give two reasons for buffing the floor after polishing. (2mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State two advantages of flats and apartments. (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. State two advantages of using convenience foods. (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Give three factors that affect the efficiency of a laundry detergent. (3 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. State two importance of habit haining. (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. State two dangers that may result from using antiperspirants. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. List any two vegetable fibres used for making brooms. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. State two undesirable properties of asbestos as a roofing material. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. List four causes of undernourishment. (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give two cause of fabric not moving during machine stitching. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Highlight two possible causes of a cake cooked on the outside but uncooked on the inside?
(2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Give two qualities of a good pallet knife. (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Give three reasons that make polythene bags suitable for storing food in the refrigerator. (3 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

14. State three factors that may influence consumers to buy second hand clothes. (3 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Name two types of facings (2 mks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. State two reasons for using tomatoes in beef stew. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State two reasons why a vacuum cleaned dust bag must be emptied regularly. (2 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Name three areas in a house where high polishing should not be done. (3 mks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
COMPULSORY
19. You are travelling home to visit your grandmother. Describe how you would help her carry out
the following tasks.
(a) Clean her hurricane lamp. (12 mks)
(b) Launder her polyester blouse. (8 mks)
 SECTION C 40 MARKS
Choose ANY TWO questions from this section
20(a) discuss five reasons for using soft furnishings in the home, and give an example in each case
(10 mks)
(b)Explain three disadvantages of open drainage in an area. (6 mks)
(c ) mention four reasons why labels are important to a consumer. (4 mks)

21(a) state six precautions to take when using an electric appliance in the home . (6 mks)
(b) State five activities to be observed in the management of amoebic dysentery. (5 mks)
(c) Mention five points to consider when looking after a sick person at home. (5 mks)
(d) State four qualities of a well made in seam pocket. (4 mks)

22(a) Explain four measures a person handling food should take to ensure that food does not get
contaminated. (8 mks)
(b) Explain four factors to consider when choosing a toy for a four year child. (8 mks)
(c) state four functions of the Kenya consumer Association. (4 mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
HOME SCIENCE
441/2
PAPER 2 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

HOMESCIENCE (CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION)

441/2
PRACTICAL
TIME 2 ½ HRS
A pattern of a girl’s dress is provided. You are advised to study the sketches instructions and layout
carefully before you begin the test.
Materials provided.
1. Pattern pieces
A. Bodice front
B. Bodice back
C. Skirt front
D. Skirt back
E. Sleeve
F. Collar
G. Cut out a crossway strip measuring 18cm long by 4cm wide.
2. Plain light weight fabric 70cm long by 90cm wide.
3. Cotton sewing thread to match the fabric.

THE TEST
Using the materials provided cut out and make the left side of the girl’s dress to show the following
processes
(a) Making of the dart at the front bodice. (6 mks)
(b) Making of a shoulder seam using a double stitched seam. (8 mks)
(c) Making of the side seam on bodice and skirt using an open seam. (13 mks)
(d) Attaching of the bodice pieces to the skirt pieces using a plain seam and neatening half of the
back using loop stitches. (10 mks)
(e) Preparation of the collar. (4 mks)
(f) Attaching of the collar using a crossway strip.. (13 mks)
(g) Making of an under arm seam using an open seam. (6 mks
(h) Preparation and attachment of the sleeve. Do not trim or neaten the seam allowance.
(8 ½ mks)
OMIT
The management of the lower hem of the skirt and the sleeve

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
HOME SCIENCE
441/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

PLANNING SESSION – 30MINUTES.

PRACTICAL TEST SESSION 1 ¼ HOURS.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Read the test carefully.
b) Use the Booklet provided for all your work.
c) Write your name and index number on every sheet of paper used.
d) Text books and recipes may be used during the planning session as reference materials.
e) You will be expected to keep your order of work during the practical session.
f) You are not allowed to bring additional notes to the practical session.
g) Previously written plans are not allowed into the examination.
h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
Your father has been away on a business strip and is coming back home tonight. You have been
asked to assist in the preparation of supper as you welcome him back home. Using all the
ingredient, prepare, cook and present a two course meal for two

Ingredients
• Wheat flour/rice/maize flour
• Chicken/fish/beef
• Fat/oils
• Onions
• Tomatoes
• Chicken cubes/fish Masala/Beef cube
• Green leafy vegetables
• Coriander
• Capsicum
• Royco
• Fruits in season

Planning g session – 30 minutes

Use separate sheet of paper for each task below and carbon paper to produce duplicate copies. Then
proceed as follows:-
(i) Identify the dishes and write down their recipes
(ii) Write down your order of work
(iii) Make a list of the food stuffs and equipments you will require.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of six questions.
• Answer any FIVE questions in the answer sheet provided
• Each Question carries 20 marks

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

GRAND
Questions No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
TOTAL

Marks
 Answer any FIVE questions
1a) How do Muslims ensure that the Quran remains in its original form? (9marks)

b) Describe the divisions of the Holy Quran. (6marks)

c) State five qualities of human beings who are not at a loss according to surah Al-Asr.(5marks)

2a) Outline eight characteristics of Madinan surahs. (8marks)

b) Mention seven benefits of memorizing the Quran to Muslims. (7marks)

c) State the supplication (dua) as stated in the last verse of surah Baqarah. (Quran 2:286). (5mrks)

3a) Describe seven ways through which prophet Muhammad conveyed his Sunnah to the Muslims.
(7mks)
b) State seven characteristics of weak (dhaif) hadith. (7marks)

c) The prophet said, “If someone kills a sparrow for sport, the sparrow will cry out on the day
judgement O Lord! That person killed me in vain, he did not kill me for any useful
purpose.” In reference to the above hadith, give six reasons why Muslims should care for
animal. (6marks)

4a) Identify three Muslim festivals and for each give a reason why it is celebrated.(6marks)

b) Outline seven acts that can invalidate saum. (7marks)

c) State seven rights that a Muslim should accord other people. (7marks)

5a) Explain the conditions for the use of Ijmah as a source of Shariah. (6marks)

b) Difference between zakatul-maal and zakatul-fitr. (8marks)

c) what are the social benefits of Hajj to Muslims. (6marks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

6a) Describe the challenges faced by the prophets of Allah in their mission. (6marks)

b) Discuss the relevance of the belief in Tawheed to Muslims. (8marks)

c) Give the meaning of each of the following attributes of Allah. (6marks)

i. Ar Rahim
ii. Al-Ghaffar
iii. Arrazaq
iv. Al-Hayyu
v. Al-Qayyum
vi. As-swamad
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper consists of six questions.
• Answer any FIVE questions in the answer sheet provided
• Each Question carries 20 marks

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

GRAND
Questions No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
TOTAL

Marks

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 Answer any FIVE questions
1. (a) Discuss the rationale behind the prohibition of slander in Islam. (6 marks)
(b) Elaborate the ways in which HIV/AIDS has affected the Musl im society today.
(8 marks)
(c) Mention six Islamic manners of walking. (6 marks)

2. (a) State seven benefits of writing a will before a Muslim dies. (7 marks)
(b) Explain six reasons for Jihad in Islam (6 marks)
(c) Identify seven unlawful acts in business transactions. (7 marks)

3. (a) State seven rules to be observed by a Muslim shopkeeper when sellin g goods to
customers. (7 marks)
(b) Give six ways through which Islam empowers women economically. (6 marks)
(c) State seven Islamic teachings on acquisition of wealth. (6 marks)

4.(a)Discuss ways in which Muslim city states on the East Coast of Africa facilitated
the spread of Islam in the region between 1700 and 1900 AD. (7 marks)
(b) State six reasons that led to the fall of the Fattimid's empire. (6 marks)
(c) In what ways did Umar-al-Khattab contribute to the growth of Islam before he
became a Khalifa? (7 marks)

5. (a) Give six reasons why Sayyidna Abubakar (R.A.) was elected Khalifa.(6 marks)
(b) Explain four factors that led to the battle of Badr. (8 marks)
(c) In which ways has Islam discouraged slavery? (6 marks)

6. (a) Discuss eight contributions made by Abbasids in the field of Education.(8 mrks)
(b) State Imam Ghazali’s view on children’s education. (6 marks)
(c) Elaborate the six achievements of Khalifa Ali (R.A.). (6 marks)

LAST PRINTED PAGE~

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ART AND DESIGN
442/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 1½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, index number, date and sign in the spaces provided above.
This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in sections A and B and one question in section C.
Answers should be written in the spaces provided.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section Question Candidates Score
A 1
2
3
B 4
5
6
C
Total Score

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 SECTION A (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1.
a) Describe Atmospheric perspective. (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Explain how Poetry is related to Art and Design. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Describe “Landscaping” as a career related to Art and Design. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Give two sets of triadic colours combinations on the colour wheel with focus on tertiary
colours. (2 mrks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Study the picture below and use it to answer the questions below.

Explain how line has been used in the picture above. (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) Study the illustration below;

Identify the weaving defect above and explain how you would correct it in weaving process.
(2 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(g) Explain the main importance of contrast in a composition. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(h)Explain the term “cap height” as used in graphic design. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(i) Describe an “easel” and explain its use in Art and Design activities. (2 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(j) Describe the gravure printing technique. (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(k) Study the sculpture shown below;

(i) Identify the type of sculpture shown above. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(i) Describe the nature of the planes used in the sculpture above. (2 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(l) Explain the cause of shimmering effect in a mosaic art work. (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(m) Distinguish between the terms “montage” and “photomontage”. (2 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(n) Explain the term “refractoriness” as used in pottery. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (25 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided.
2.
(a) What is foreshortening as used in drawing? (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In the space provided, draw the clenched fist below, viewed from the direction of the
arrow. (4 marks)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

3. Outline the procedure of window mounting. (5 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Study the pottery form below.

(a) Identify the pottery decorative technique used. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Describe the technique in 4 (a) above. (4 marks)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Highlight the steps of making paper collage. (5 marks)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Study the weaving technique shown below.

(a) Identify the weave structure above. (1 mark)

….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Give the structure reading of the above weave structure from left. (3 marks)
1st row
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2nd row
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

3rd row
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)In relation to weaving, explain the meaning of the word shed? (1 mark)
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (15 MARKS)

Answer ANY ONE question from this section in space provided after question 9.
7. Study the composition below.
Analyse the use of the following principles in the composition above.
(i) Proportion (3 marks)
(ii) Dominance (2 marks)
(iii) Balance (3 marks)
(iv) Rhythm (3 marks)
(v) Contrast (3 marks)

8. Identify and describe three types of traffic control signs giving one example for each, its
shape and colour. (15 marks)

9. (a) Explain the use of the following tools in mosaic work. (5 marks)
(b) Describe two methods of mounting tesserae on the support in process of making
mosaic art work. (4 marks)
(c) Outline the procedure of making a glass mosaic. (6 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
ART AND DESIGN
442/2
PAPER 2
PRACTICALS
TIME: 3 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS
This paper contains TWO alternatives; A and B. Each alternative has two options.
Choose only ONE option from and ONE alternative.
The question paper will be given to you one hour before the start of the examination to enable you
to make your choice from the alternatives. During this one hour, you are allowed to make
sketches on the A4 papers provided to help you decide on your choice.

The use of rulers and other mechanical means is forbidden in alternative A but is allowed in
alternative B.
Clearly write your name, index number, the alternative and the number of option chosen in that
order on the right-hand corner of the unpainted 4cm wide margin running across the bottom of
the paper. At the end of the examination, pass the work to the supervisor without folding or
rolling it.
 Answer only ONE question chosen from EITHER alternative A or B.
ALTERNATIVE A: DRAWING OR PAINTING
You are instructed that the use of rulers and mechanical devices is forbidden in this alternative.
DRAWING:
1. An old man is preoccupied examining his goat for ticks around the neck area. His curious young
grandson is close by, leaning forward watching keenly.

PAINTING:
2. Two persons loading luggage onto a motor cycle. One has lifted the luggage and is trying to
balance it on the carrier behind the rider’s seat. The rider, dressed in full riding gear is seen trying
to hold his motorbike in position.
From either option above, create a composition based on the above descriptions in biro, pencil, or
water colour.

ALTERNATIVE B: GRAPHICS
You are instructed that the use of rulers and mechanical devices as well as tracing paper is allowed.
The colour of the working surface (paper) will not be considered as one of the colours required in
any question.
3. A newly formed local organization, HiFadhi, aims to mount an intense campaign for the
conservation of the environment.
The organization requires a logotype that depicts their activities as well as a two-fold brochure for an
upcoming sensitization drive targeting buyers and sellers towards the eradication of the use of
plastic bag carriers.

i) In three colours, design the logotype within an area measuring 8cm x 8cm
ii) Design a two-fold brochure measuring 30cm x 20cm. The design should be in three colours

OR
4. A new enterprise “TundaMurua”needs a package for their fresh fruit juice “BestBerries”.In
three colours, create a design for the package which measures 20cm high,10cm wide and 6 cm
deep.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
GERMAN
502/1
PAPER 1
(Listening Comprehension and Composition)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name and index in the spaces provided.
This paper consists of two sections: A and B.
In section A you have five minutes to read through the questions before the test starts. Before
answering the questions you will listen to several recorded passages on a CD. For each passage
you will answer questions as indicated to you on the CD.
Answers should be written in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section Maximum Score Candidates Score
A 15
B 20
Total 35
 SECTION I (2016)
Listening Comprehension (15 marks)
Passage 1
Listen to the conversation carefully and answer the following questions.
1. Wann findet die Situation statt?
............................................................................................................................ (1 mk)
2. Was bestellt der Gast? Nenne zwei Dinge! (2 mks)
a) ................................................................................................................. (1 mk)
b) ..................................................................................................................(1 mk)

Passage 2
Listen to the conversation carefully and answer the following questions.

3. Was ist los mit Brigitte?

........................................................................................................................... (1 mk)
4. Was muss Brigitte unbedingt machen?
............................................................................................................................ (1 mk

Passage 3
Listen to the passage carefully and answer the following questions by indicating whether the
statements are true (R) or false (F)

R F
5. Herr Öztürk hat Deutsch in Deutschland gelernt.
6. Herr Öztürk hat keine Familie.
7. Man kann sich auf Herrn Öztürk verlassen.
8. Er hat vier Jahre als Leiharbeiter gearbeitet.
9. Leiharbeiter machen die gleiche Arbeit wie die fest angestellten
Arbeiter.
10. Seine Frau muss nicht arbeiten, denn er verdient genug Geld.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 (6 mks)
Passage 4
Listen to the conversation carefully and answer the following questions.
11. Wo findet die Situation statt?
...................................................................................................................... (1 mk)
12. Was für eine Jacke möchte die Frau kaufen?

................................................................................................................ ( 1 mk)

13. Modische Jacken sind sehr teuer aber ............................. ist sehr gut.
.......................................................................................................................................

14. Wo findet die Party statt?

................................................................................................................................................

SECTION II (20 marks)

Write a letter or an essay of about 220-250 words on any ONE of the following topics in the pages
provided.
1.Dein Brieffreund/deine Brieffreundin mȍchte gern von dir ȕber deinen Geburtstag wissen. Schreib
ihm/ihr etwas zu folgenden Fragen:
• Wann hast du Geburtstag und warum ist dein Geburtstag wichtig für dich?
• Feierst du immer deinen Geburtstag und wie feierst du ihn?
• Welche Personen möchtest du zu deiner nächsten Geburtstagparty einladen?
• Was fȕr Geschenke bekommst du?
• Gibt es in deiner Familie ein traditionelles Geburtstagmenü?
2. Dein Brieffreund/deine Brieffreundin mӧchte von dir über deine zukünftige Pläne wissen. Schreib
ihm/ihr und erzӓhl darüber.
- Was hast du vor, nach dem KCSE Examen zu machen?
-An welcher Universitӓt möchtest du lernen?
- Willst du Deutsch weiterlernen? Warum?
-Wie kann man nach der Schule Geld verdienen?
- Frag ihn/sie ϋber seine/ihre Plӓne nach der Schule?

3. Schreib deinem deutschen Brieffreund/deiner deutschen Brieffreundin einen Brief und erzähl
ihm/ihr:
- Wie ist das Klima in deinem Land?
- Ein warmes oder kaltes Klima: Welches findest du besser?
- Was sind die Ursachen von Klimaänderungen?
- Welche Folgen hat der Klimawandel für Kenia?
- Was können wir gegen den Klimawandel tun?
-
4. Deine deutsche Briefreundin Annette und dein deutscher Brieffreund Martin hat dir einenArtikel
ϋber Ferienaktivitӓten bei den deutschen Jugendliche geschickt. Schreib einen Brief an sie/ihn
und erzӓhle:
➢ Was sind die beliebtesten Ferienaktivitӓten und warum?
➢ Wann machen die meistenJugendliche diese Ferienaktivitӓten in deinem Heimatland?
➢ Was sind die Unterschiede zwischen Ferienaktivitӓten in Deutschland und in deinem
Heimatland?
➢ Wie wichtig sind deine Ferienaktivitӓten in deinem Leben?
➢ Was sind deineLieblings Ferienaktivitӓten?

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE!

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
GERMAN
502/2
PAPER 2
(Grammar and Reading Comprehension)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to Candidates
a. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above
b. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
c. Candidates should check to confirm all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions
are missing.
d. Read all the instructions carefully before answering the questions.
For Examiner's use only
SECTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE'S SCORE
A 20
B 20
TOTAL 40
 SECTION A : Grammar (20 mks)
A. Fill in with the correct Modal verb.
EXAMPLE: Ihr sollt eure Hausaufaben machen.
1. Mutana ………………………………………….. noch viel lernen.
2. Kinder ……………………………… heute früher nach Hause gehen.
3. Vater …………………………………. Nachher einkaufen gehen.
4. Ich ……………………………….. dir helfen.
B. Write correct sentences with infinitive “zu” or without “zu”
EXAMPLE: Was will er denn studieren? Informatik?
Ja ,er plant Informatik zu studieren.
5. Darf man hier rauchen?
Nein. Es ist verboten,……………………………………………
6. Hast du Lust ,heute Abend im Restauraunt zu essen?
Nein, ich mӧchte nicht ……………………………………………....
7. Haben Sie den Brief geschrieben?
Nein ,ich hatte keine Zeit, ……………………………………………………………
8. Endlich habe ich dich getroffen!
Ich bin auch froh, ……………………………………………….........................
C. Rewrite the following sentences using relative clauses. The sentence in brackets should be a
relative clause.
EXAMPLE: Das Buch gehört mir. (Das Buch liegt dort auf dem Tisch.)
Das Buch, das dort auf dem Tisch liegt, gehört mir.

9. Die Frauen sind sehr dankbar. (Ich habe den Frauen geholfen)
..............................................................................................................
10. Der Film war sehr spannend. ( Ruth hat den Film gesehen.)
..................................................................................................................
11. Der Fahrer war betrunken. (Der Fahrer hat den Bus gefahren.)
.................................................................................................................
12. Der Junge ist sehr traurig. (Seine Eltern wohnen in den USA.)
..........................................................................................................

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

D. Fill in the gaps using the simple past ( Präteritum) form of the verb in brackets.

EXAMPLE: Es …………………nicht mehr da . (sein)

Es war nicht mehr da.

13. Er ……………………..mit 65 Jahren. ( sterben)

14. Sein 60. Geburtstag…………………………………………..groβ gefeiert. ( werden)

15. Mit 48 war er befördert und ……………………………eine Sekretärin. ( bekommen)

16. Mit 4 erlebten er und seine Frau, wie die Kinder das Haus …………………………… (
verlassen)
E. Join the following sentences using the conjunctions. Use each conjunction once

als, wenn, obwohl, darum, bevor

EXAMPLE: Ich esse. Ich wasche mir die Hände.

Bevor ich esse, wasche ich mir die Hände.

17. Lucia ist schnell zum Bahnhof gerannt. Sie hat den Bus verpasst.

.....................................................................................................................

18. Das Kind war hungrig. Es weinte immer bitterlich.

....................................................................................................................
19. Herr Mutua ist Diabetiker. Er darf bestimmte Speisen nicht essen .

....................................................................................................................
20. Richard war achtzehn Jahre alt. Er wanderte in die USA aus.

.....................................................................................................................
F. Answer the following questions in Negative.

EXAMPLE: Kommt der Lehrer immer spät zur Klasse?

Der Lehrer kommt nie spät zur Klasse.

21. .Ist da jemand im Labor?

……………………………………………………………………………
22. Gibt es irgendwo in der Nähe eine Kantine?

………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Haben sie einen Apfel im Korb?

…………………………………………………………………………………

24. Hast du etwas unter dem Sofa gefunden?

...............................................................................................................................
G. Fill in the correct personal pronoun in their right form.
EXAMPLE: Wo hat Eunice (er)……………………………….kennengelernt?
Wo hat Eunice ihn kennengelernt.

25. Der Mann hat (du) …………………………………….etwas gefragt.

26. Die Freunde haben (ich)……………………………………..geholfen.
27. Kann ich mit (ihr)…………………………………………zum Einkaufen fahren?
28. Was hat (sie)……………………………..gemacht?
H. Change the following sentences in the passiv
EXAMPLE: Der Arzt operiert den Patienten.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Der Patient wird (von dem Artzt ) operiert.

29. Die Reiche helfen den Armen nicht.

..................................................................................................................................

30. Warum fragen Kinder die Eltern viele Fragen?

.....................................................................................................................................
31. Die Kinder lasen die interessanten Bücher
......................................................................................................................................
32. Stero hat den Bus sehr schnell gefahren.
.......................................................................................................................................
I. Write in imperative
EXAMPLE: in die Bibliothek gehen (ihr form)
Geht in die Bibliothek
33. eure Eltern telefonieren (ihr form)
......................................................................................................................................
34. dein Wörterbuch öffnen (du form)
.......................................................................................................................................
35. die Krawatte anhaben (Sie form)
.........................................................................................................................................
36. dein Zimmer aufräumen (du form)
..........................................................................................................................................
J. Re-write the sentences in the subjunctive 2 form(Konjuktiv II)
Wenn ich Zeit habe, komme ich.
Wenn ich Zeit hätte, wϋrde ich kommen
37. Wenn es warm ist, gehen wir schwimmen.

..........................................................................................................................................

38. Wenn er damit anfӓngt, hӧrt er nicht auf.

.........................................................................................................................................
39. Wenn ich ein interessantes Buch finde,lese ich es sofort.
..........................................................................................................................................
40. Wenn ihr Lust habt, arbeitet ihr.

...........................................................................................................................................

SECTION II: Reading Comprehension (20 marks)

A. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
DEUTSCHLAND ALS REISELAND
Dass Deutschland jedes Jahr mehr als 60 Millionen Touristen zählt und damit nach Spanien das
zweitbeliebteste Urlaubsziel in Europa ist, hat gute Gründe. Mitten in Europa gelegen, grenzt die
Bundesrepublik gleich an neun Nachbarstaaten.
Im Norden beginnend und im Uhrzeigersinn sind das: Dänemark, Polen, Tschechien, Österreich, die
Schweiz, Frankreich, Luxemburg, Belgien und die Niederlande. Und je nachdem, von wo man
nach Deutschland einreist, zeigt das Land ganz unterschiedliche Facetten: Im Norden wird
Deutschland von Nord- und Ostseebegrenzt, das Wattenmeer ist Weltkulturerbe, vogelreichstes
Gebiet Europas und der größte der 14 Nationalparks. Hoch im Norden liegen auch Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern mit seiner Seenplatte sowie St. Pauli, das Hamburger Vergnügungsviertel und der
wohlbekannteste Stadtteil Deutschlands.
Im Osten lockt Berlin. Die einstgeteilte Hauptstadt zieht Jahr für Jahr rund 20 Millionen Besucher an
– nicht nur, weil dort das Brandenburger Tor steht, sondern auch, weil Berlin längst als „preiswerte
Schwester“ von Paris oder London gilt. Die 3,5-Millionen-Metropole istdeutlich günstiger als
viele andere Hauptstädte, hat ein breites Kulturangebot und ist deshalb vor allem bei jungen Leuten
beliebt.
Von Berlin aus geht es zwischen dem Harz und dem Erzgebirge in Richtung Süden, in den Bayerischen
Wald. Apropos Wald: 32 Prozent der Landfläche Deutschlands sind bewaldet, es gibt mehr als 100
Naturparks und gut ein Dutzend Biosphärenreservate, in denen nachhaltige Entwicklung und Arten
vielfalt großgeschrieben werden. In Bayern warten im Alpen vor land unter anderem Deutschlands
höchster Berg, die Zugspitze, sowie zahlreiche Skigebiete auf Besucher.
Über den Schwarzwald geht es entlang am Rhein wieder hoch in RichtungWesten. Nordrhein-
Westfalen ist mit seinen fast 18 Millionen Einwohnern das bevölkerungsreichste Bundesland und
der Ballungsraum Rhein-Ruhr zählt zu den 30 größten Metropolregionen der Welt. Hier stolpert
man praktisch von einer Großstadt in die andere. Oder von einem Freizeitpark in den anderen, denn
die Nordrhein-Westfalen haben einen besonderen Faible für Familien-Freizeitparks – angefangen
beim „Legoland“ in Oberhausen über den „Movie Park Germany“ in Bottrop bis hin zum
„Phantasialand“ in Brühl, einem der zehn besucherstärksten Freizeitparks in Europa.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

Now answer the following questions:

1. Warum ist Deutschland ein beliebtes Reiseland? (1P)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Ungefähr wie viele Besucher kommen nach Deutschland im Jahr? (1P)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Welches Land in Europa bekommt die meisten Touristen ? (1P)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Welche Sehenwürdigkeiten findet man im Norden? (1P)
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Welche Vorteile hat Berlin als Reiseziel? (1P)
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Wie viele Einwohner gibt es in Berlin? (1P)
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Welche Attraktionen liegen im Süden? (1P)
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Welches Bundesland hat das größte Einwohner? (1P)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. (a) Wie viel Prozent des Landes ist bewaldet? ( ½ mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Ungefähr wie viele Naturparks gibt es in Süden? ( ½ mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Nenne zwei Beispiele von Freizeitsparks Deutschlands. (1P)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow

Der Rattenfänger von Hammeln

Im Jahre 1284 ließ sich zu Hammeln ein sonderbarer Mann blicken. Er trug einen Rock von buntem,
vielfarbigem Tuch, weswegen er Bundting geheißen soll und gab sich als Rattenfänger aus. Er
 versprach für einen bestimmten Lohn , die Stadt von allen Mäusen und Ratten zu befreien. Die
Bürger wurden mit ihm einig und sicherten ihm den verlangten Lohn zu.

Der Rattenfänger zog hierauf ein Pfeifchen aus der Tasche und begann eigenartige Weise zu pfeifen.
Sogleich kamen die Mäuse und Ratten aus den Häusern hervorgekrochen und sammelten sich um
ihn herum. Sobald der Ratenfänger sicher war, dass keine mehr zurückgeblieben sei, ging er den
ruhigen Schritten zum Stadttor hinaus und der ganze Haufen folgte ihm bis an die Weser. Dort
schürzte der Mann seine Kleider, stieg in den Fluss und alle Tiere sprangen hinter ihm drin und
ertranken.
Nachdem die Bürger aber von ihrer Plage befreit waren, bereuten sie den versprochenen Lohn und sie
verweigerten ihn dem Mann den Betrag unter allerlei Ausflüchten, worauf er sich schließlich
zornig und verbittert entfernte.

Am 24. Juni, am Tage Johannis des Täufers, morgens um sieben Uhr in der Frühe erschien der
Rattenfänger von Hammeln wieder, diesmal jedoch im Gestalt eines Jägers, mit finsterem Blick
auf einen roten, wunderlichen Hut auf dem Kopf. Er zog wortlos seine Pfeife hervor und ließ sie
in den Gassen hören. In aller Eile kamen diesmal nicht Mäuse und Ratten, sondern Kinder, Knaben
und Mädchen angefangen vom vierten Lebensjahr, in großer Zahl dahergelaufen. Darunter war
auch die schon erwachsene Tochter des Bürgermeisters.

Der ganze Schwarm zog hinter dem Rattenfänger von Hammeln her. Dieser führte sie aus der Stadt
hinaus zu einem Berg, wo er mit allen Kindern verschwand. Dies hatte ein Kindermädchen
gesehen, welches mit einem Kind auf dem Arm nachgezogen war, dann aber umkehrte und die
schlimme Kunde in die Stadt brachte. Die Eltern liefen sogleich vor alle Tore und suchten
jammernd ihre Kinder und insbesondere die Mütter weinten und klagten herzzereireißend. Es
wurden Boten zu Wasser und zu Land an alle Orte umhergeschickt, die erkunden sollten, ob die
Kinder oder auch nur einige von ihnen irgendwo gesehen worden sind. Aber alles Suchen war
vergebens.
Hundertdreißig Kinder gingen damals verloren. Zwei sollen sich, wie man erzählte, verspätet haben
und zurückgekommen sind, wovon aber das eine blind, das andere taubstumm war. Das blinde
Kind konnte den Ort nicht zeigen, wo es gegangen war, wohl aber erzählen, wie sie dem Spielmann
gefolgt haben. Das taubstummte Kind konnte indes nun den Ort weisen , da es nichts gehört hatte
und auch nicht sprechen konnte. Ein kleiner Knabe war im Hemd mitgelaufen und nach einiger
Zeit umgekehrt, um seinen Rock zu holen, wodurch er dem Unglück entgangen war.
Now answer the following questions in the spaces provided
1. Wie gelang es dem Rattenfänger, alle Mäuse und Ratten um ihn herum zu sammeln? (1 mk)
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............................................................................................................................................................

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2. Wie befreite er die Stadt von allen Mäusen und Ratten ? (1 mk)
.............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
3. Welches Versprechen haben die Bürger nicht gehalten? (1 mk)
..................................................................................................................................................................
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4. Wie reagierte der Rattenfänger nachdem die Bürger das Versprechen nicht gehalten hatten?
( 1 mk)
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5. Wie erschien der Rattenfänger am 24. Juni wieder? (1 mk)
..................................................................................................................................................................
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6. Wie rächte sich der Rattenfänger? (3 mks)
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7. Wer brachte den Bürgern die Nachricht, dass ihre Kinder verschwunden waren? (1 mk)
..................................................................................................................................................................
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8. Beschreib die Kinder, die sich verspätet haben? (1 mk)
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 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
GERMAN
502/3
PAPER 3
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

GERMAN
ORALS
502/3A
PAPER 3
ORAL PASSAGE A
15 MINUTES

Read the following passage with the correct pronunciation and intonation
Das Oktoberfest – trinken statt streiten
Pünktlich hat der Münchner Bürgermeister das Oktoberfest eröffnet. Tausende Besucher aus aller
Welt kommen zu diesem Fest.. Politik ist wie immer Teil des Oktoberfestes. Aber es geht nicht
mehr so streng wie früher. Es ist wieder soweit: In München wurde das Oktoberfest eröffnet. Auf
der ganzen Welt wird es inzwischen kopiert: 1978 gab es schon an 170 Orten Oktoberfeste, im
Jahr 2008 bereits 2000. Doch das Original findet man nur in München. Wer dorthin kommt,
sollte allerdings etwas Geld mitbringen. Denn eine Maß kostet um die 10,70 Euro.

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Die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen sind dieses Jahr hoch, denn die Gefahr terroristischer Anschläge ist im
letzten Jahr gestiegen. Politik ist auf dem Oktoberfest präsent, und zwar vom ersten Moment des
Festes an.

Wähle eins der folgenden Themen und sprich ausführlich darüber

A1. Warum fahren meisten Kenianer mit Matatus? Diskutier!

A2. Welche Träume hast du im Leben und können sie wahr werden?

A3. Welche Traditionen und Sitten hältst du für wichtig?

A4. .Wie wichtig ist Technologie heutzutage?

 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
FRENCH
501/1
PAPER 1
(Listening comprehension, dictation and creative writing)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

1. Write your name, index number and date in the spaces provided.
2. This paper has 3 sections
3. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

SECTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’R SCORE

I 15
II 05
II 15
TOTAL 35

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

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SECTION I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION 15 MARKS

Passage I
a) La commission ______________________________________pour l’Alphabétisation organise
ce projet mardi passé. (½ pt)
b) Comment s’appelle le projet ? (1pt)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Combien de livres et romans est-ce qu’on vise à collectionner ? ( ½ pt)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
d) Où est-ce qu’on peut les déposer ? (1 ½ pts)
i) …………………………………………………………..
ii) ……………………………………………………………..
iii) ………………………………………………………………..

e) Le programme se déroule pendant quelle période ? (1pt)

…………………………………………………………………………………….
Passage II
a) D’où vient le bus ? ( ½ pt)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Qui sont en grève ? ( ½ pt)
…………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Les agences de ……………………………………sont en place pour assurer que les
……………………………ne sont pas en ………………………… ( 1 ½ pts)
Passage III\
Complétez le table avec des informations du texte (3 ½ pts)
(a)
Médicament Fréquence Conditions
Deux comprimés__(a) _(b) Avec le repas
……………………… ……………..……….
…….. .fois
 Le sirop 4 fois (c)…………………………………
………
3 capsules (d) (e)…………………….fo Avec
……………………… is (f)…………………………….fr
….. oide
La (h)……………………foi Après une douche
…(g)………………… s
….

(b) La patient ne doit pas prendre ……………………………..et

………………………………..pendant la durée du traitement. (1pt)
Passage IV
a) Où se passe ce crime ? ( ½ pt)
…………………………………………………………………………………
b) Combien de suspects ont été arrêtés ? ( ½ pt)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Les enfants ont ………………………..et ……………………….ans. (1pt)
d) Où est-ce que les enfants attendaient leur père ? ( ½ pt)
………………………………………………………………………………..
e) Quelle date est-ce que le crime s’est passé ? ( ½ pt)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
SECTION II : DICTEE (5 PTS)
Write the dictation in the spaces provided.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION III: Rédaction (15 marks)

In about 150-180 words, answer (a) or (b) according to the instructions given. (15pts)
Either
a) Vous êtes seul à la maison. Pendant la nuit, vous êtes tombé(e)s gravement malade. Décrivez ce
que vous avez fait.
Or
b) Nous étions en train de dormir quand nous avons entendu une frappe à la porte. Décrivez la suite.

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KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS

(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
FRENCH
502/2
PAPER 2
(Reading comprehension, Grammar and Functional composition)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to Candidates
1. Write your name and index Number in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
3. This paper has three sections
4. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

For Examiner’s use only

Section Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

I 15
II 15
III 10
Total Score 45
 SECTION I (15 Marks)
Read carefully the following passages and answer correctly the questions that follow:
Passage I
Tout le monde sait qu’un “adolescent” est souvent couvert d’horribles boutons qui défigurent. Mais,
dans mon cas, c’est atroce. Je n’ai plus une seule partie du visage en bon état. Quant á mon dos,
nous n’en parlons pas. Je suis désespérée. Je ne sais plus que faire. Après avoir vu sept médecins,
et avoir suivi une bonne dizaine de traitements, j’en suis toujours au même point. Je n’ose même
plus sortir dans la rue en dehors de mes heures de cours. Et à15 ans, C’est vraiment grave pour le
moral.
Je sais que je ne suis pas seule dans mon cas, mais je n’ai jamais vu quelqu’un d’aussi abimé, ravagé
que moi.
(a) C’est qui la personne qui parle ?
…………………………………………………………………………………(½ pts)
(b) Quel est son problème ? (½ pts)
………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Comment a-t-elle essayé- de résoudre le problème ? (½ pts)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) De quoi a-t-elle peur ? (½ pts)
………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) A qui est-ce qu’elle s’adresse ? (½ pts)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Passage 2 :
Nous avons eu un grave problème pendant les vacances de Noël. Ça s’est passé en Italie, à l’aéroport.
On avait annoncé un retard de cinq heures sur notre vol pour Paris. C’était la nuit. On s’est allongé
sur des sièges et on a essayé de dormir un peu. Moi, j’avais mis mon sac avec mon passeport, mon
billet d’avion, mon argent, etc. sous ma veste et j’ai mis ma tête dessus. Mon mari n’avait pas fait
très attention. II a gardé ses affaires près de lui, mais il a dû s’endormit et quand il s’est réveillé,
sa sacoche, qui contenait son passeport, son billet d’avion, les clés de l’appartement etc. n’étaient
plus là. Quand on s’en est aperçu, c’était la panique.

Heureusement, une représentante de la ligne aérienne nous a aidé à obtenir un passeport temporaire et
un autre billet d’avion pour rentrer en France. Maintenant, nous faisons toujours très attention à
l’aéroport et nous gardons une copie de notre passeport dans la valise au cas où il est volé.

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(i) Ca s’est passe en ………………………………., à……………………………. (1mk)
(ii) Qu’est-ce qui s’était passé avant cet incident ?
………………………………………………………………………………….(1mk)
(iii) Comment est-ce que l’homme a perdu ses affaires ?
……………………………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
(iv) Le couple a obtenu un autre billet grâce à
………………………………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
(v) Cherchez dans le texte les synonymes des mots suivants
(a) bagages ………………………………………………………………… (½ mk)
(b) a eu lieu………………………………………………………………. (½ mk)

PASSAGE 3
- Tu as 18 ans maintenant, Mwita, donc tu pourras voter aux prochaines élections
- Moi ? voter ? jamais ! Je ne crois pas à cette histoire de la démocratie. II y a toujours beaucoup de
manipulations !
- Mais toi, Mwita, tu as la tête d’un révolutionnaire. Un jour, tu vas te trouver en prison.
- Heureusement pour nous, on n’est pas obligé de voter. Certains de ces soi-disant états du monde
libre obligent leurs citoyens de voter. C’est contradictoire ! Quand tu auras toi-même 18 ans, je
t’expliquerai mieux pourquoi je ne vote pas.
(a) Quel est, selon ce texte, l’âge d’être capable de voter ?
………………………………………………………………………………( ½ point)

(b) Qui est moins âgé, Mwita ou la personne qui lui parle ?
………………………………………………………………………………….( ½ mk)
(c) Entre les deux interlocuteurs, …………………………....va voter ( ½ point)
(d) Selon ce dialogue, donnez une raison pour ne pas voter
………………………………………………………………………………………(1mk)
(e) Pour quel problème est-ce qu’on pourrait être emprisonné ?
……………………………………………………………………………………(1mk)
f) Trouvez dans le texte, le synonyme du mot " pays "
……………………………………………………………………………………( ½ pt)
SECTION II: GRAMMAIRE 15PTS
Beginning as indicated, complete the sentences below, making all appropriate changes. Avoid
unnecessary repetitions (7 points)
Example : Tu connais cette dame ?
Non, ………………………………………………………..…………………(1point)
Non, je ne la connais pas
(a) Docteur : Prenez deux comprimés deux fois par jour !
Malade : Mais Docteur?
Docteur : il est important que vous ……………………………………………(1point)
(b) Maman : Est-ce que quelqu’un a appelé ?
Fille : Non Maman, ….……………………………………………………….(1point)
(c) Diallo : Dis-moi, Solange, ta mère n’a pas de sœurs ?
Solange : Si, elle ………………………………………………………………(1point)
(d) Monsieur Kombo a fermé son magasin ensuite il est parti en vacances.
Après avoir……………………………………………………………… (1point)
(e) Il ecrit mal mais on arrive quand- même à lire.
Bien qu’ ……………………………………………………………….….(1 point)
(f) Les musiciens répètent puis ils commencement le concert.
Avant de…………………………………………………………………….(1point)
(g) Patrice et Jean jouent au football tous les samedis.
Quand ils étaient petits…………..……………………………………………….(1point)

Complete each blank with one word only 5mks

.....................arrivant à la salle de conférence, il ne restait .....................un quart d’heure mais
………ma grande surprise, il n’y avait ………… d’autre sauf moi. Je me suis dit : « Je peux
écouter mon baladeur au lieu………….. m’ennuyer. » La musique était ……………..douce que je
……….suis endormi dans la voiture. Ni les bruits autour ni la pluie …………….pouvait me
réveiller. Même quand mon portable a sonné je n’ai ……………entendu. C’était
……………..bout d’une heure que j’ai ouvert mes yeux !

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What would you say in the following situations? 3pts

a) A un(e) ami(e) pour t’accompagner en ville.
……………………………………………………………………………………
b) Tu t’es trompé(e) en ville.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Un(e) ami(e) te propose une sortie et tu refuses poliment.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
SECTION III: Rédaction - (10 marks)
In about 120-150 words, answer (a) or (b) according to the instructions given. (10pts)
Either
a) Attention ! Attention ! Attention !
ECOLE BIDII
Recherche
Professeur de français.
Exigences : expériences de moins de 5ans
Diplôme universitaire
Envoyez votre CV au directeur dès que possible
Or
b) Une organisation internationale recherche un interprète hors d’une conférence internationale qui
aura lieu à Paris en France. Rédigez une lettre de motivation.
 KCSE 2025 PREDICTION EXAMS
(SMARTGRADE SERIES)
FRENCH
501/3
PAPER 3
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

501/3
FRENCH PAPER 3
FRENCH ORALS
15 Minutes per candidate.
Instructions to candidates
- This paper contains three sections.
- Section I is reading aloud Cards A or B.
Carte A
Selon une enquête récente, 56% des français et 40% des Françaises considèrent que leurs relations se
sont améliorées pendant les vingt dernières années. Depuis les années 60, la volonté des femmes
d’instaurer un autre équilibre social a bouleversé les fondements d’une société traditionnellement
plutôt machiste. Alors que l’on comptait 60% de femmes au foyer en 1968, il n’en reste que 20%
en 1998.Les trente années dernières ont donc vu une augmentation quasi constante des femmes qui
veulent travailler. Les femmes pourraient même devenir majoritaires dans la population active de
2007. Cela effraie-t-il leurs collègues masculins ? Pas du tout, puisque 81% des hommes pensent
qu’il est indispensable que les femmes aient un emploi. D’ailleurs, chez 65% des couples, les deux
personnes travaillent. Aujourd’hui donc, le modèle qui s’impose est le couple biactif.

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE PREDICTION EXAMS
MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
Kenya Certificate of Secondary education (K.C.S.E)
501/3
FRENCH PAPER 3
FRENCH ORALS
15 Minutes per candidate.
Instructions to candidates
- This paper contains three sections.
- Section I is reading aloud Cards A or B.
Carte B
Au Kenya, 80% des terres sont arides ou semi-arides, les superficies cultivables sont donc très
limitées, seulement 17% sont estimés ayant un potentiel agricole moyen à élever. De plus,
l’agriculture kenyane reste très soumise aux aléas climatiques. L’agriculture s’occupe tout de
même une place très importante dans l’économie, ainsi la filière animale contribue pour près de
10% au PIB en 2015 et fait vivre 1,8 million de personnes, elle est considérée comme un
exemple de réussite en Afrique. La filière thé génère en 2015 1,12 milliard du d’US$ et le Kenya
est le premier exportateur mondial de thé noir. La filière horticole a un impact sur près de 2
millions de personnes et occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale (le Kenya est le
premier fournisseur de roses de l’Union européenne). Quant à la filière sucrière, elle contribue à
7,5% du PIB et 6 millions de personnes en dépendent (directement ou indirectement)

CARD A
La nouvelle technologie est la cause des maux dans la société. Que pensez-vous ?

CARD B
Décrivez la ville de vos rêves.
CARD C
Les sciences sont plus importantes que les langues. Discutez

CARD D
Un diplôme universitaire est très nécessaire pour avoir une bonne vie. Qu’en pensez-vous ?

KCSE PREDICTION EXAMS

MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E)
SECTION 1
READING ALOUD
Carte B
Au Kenya, 80% des terres sont arides ou semi-arides, les superficies cultivables sont donc très
limitées, seulement 17% sont estimés ayant un potentiel agricole moyen à élever. De plus,
l’agriculture kenyane reste très soumise aux aléas climatiques. L’agriculture s’occupe tout de
même une place très importante dans l’économie, ainsi la filière animale contribue pour près de
10% au PIB en 2015 et fait vivre 1,8 million de personnes, elle est considérée comme un
exemple de réussite en Afrique. La filière thé génère en 2015 1,12 milliard du d’US$ et le Kenya
est le premier exportateur mondial de thé noir. La filière horticole a un impact sur près de 2
millions de personnes et occupe une place importante à l’échelle mondiale (le Kenya est le
premier fournisseur de roses de l’Union européenne). Quant à la filière sucrière, elle contribue à
7,5% du PIB et 6 millions de personnes en dépendent (directement ou indirectement)

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

KCSE PREDICTION EXAMS

MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E)
SECTION 1
READING ALOUD
Carte A
Selon une enquête récente, 56% des français et 40% des Françaises considèrent que leurs relations se
sont améliorées pendant les vingt dernières années. Depuis les années 60, la volonté des femmes
d’instaurer un autre équilibre social a bouleversé les fondements d’une société traditionnellement
plutôt machiste. Alors que l’on comptait 60% de femmes au foyer en 1968, il n’en reste que 20%
en 1998.Les trente années dernières ont donc vu une augmentation quasi constante des femmes qui
veulent travailler. Les femmes pourraient même devenir majoritaires dans la population active de
2007. Cela effraie-t-il leurs collègues masculins ? Pas du tout, puisque 81% des hommes pensent
qu’il est indispensable que les femmes aient un emploi. D’ailleurs, chez 65% des couples, les deux
personnes travaillent. Aujourd’hui donc, le modèle qui s’impose est le couple biactif.
 KCSE PREDICTION EXAMS
MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E)
501/3
FRENCH PAPER 3

SECTION II
EXPOSÉ
INSTRUCTIONS
1. You will talk on the topic given overleaf
2. You will have 10 minutes to prepare for this examination
3. You will be given two minutes to talk about the topic in French

KCSE PREDICTION EXAMS

MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E)
SECTION II
EXPOSÉ
INSTRUCTIONS
4. You will talk on the topic given overleaf
5. You will have 10 minutes to prepare for this examination
6. You will be given two minutes to talk about the topic in French

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

CARD A
La nouvelle technologie est la cause des maux dans la société. Que pensez-vous ?

CARD B
Décrivez la ville de vos rêves.

CARD C
Les sciences sont plus importantes que les langues. Discutez
CARD D
Un diplôme universitaire est très nécessaire pour avoir une bonne vie. Qu’en pensez-vous ?

©2025 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

 For Marking Schemes - Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

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