Bio CH 11+12
1. The human heart is located in the:
A. Right thoracic cavity
B. Left abdominal cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
D. Cranial cavity
2. The human heart is enclosed in:
A. Myelin sheath
B. Pericardium
C. Endocardium
D. Pleura
3. How many chambers are there in a human heart?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4. Which of these receives oxygenated blood?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Pulmonary artery
5. The septum between the atria is called:
A. Interventricular septum
B. Interatrial septum
C. Myocardium
D. Auricular wall
6. The valve between left atrium and ventricle is:
A. Tricuspid
B. Bicuspid
C. Semilunar
D. Aortic
7. The valve preventing backflow from right ventricle:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Aortic valve
8. Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?
A. Endocardium
B. Pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Epicardium
9. Coronary arteries supply blood to:
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Heart
10. Pulmonary veins carry:
A. Oxygenated blood
B. Deoxygenated blood
C. Mixed blood
D. Lymph
11. Right atrium receives blood from:
A. Pulmonary veins
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Vena cava
D. Aorta
12. Which chamber pumps blood to lungs?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
13. SA node is also called:
A. Heart valve
B. Pacemaker
C. Muscle fiber
D. Brain of heart
14. The function of AV node is to:
A. Pump blood
B. Set heart rate
C. Transmit impulse to ventricles
D. Block impulses
15. The heart is made up of:
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Voluntary muscle
16. One complete heartbeat is called:
A. Pulse
B. Heart sound
C. Cardiac cycle
D. ECG
17. The cardiac cycle duration is:
A. 0.5 sec
B. 0.8 sec
C. 1.2 sec
D. 2 sec
18. Systole refers to:
A. Relaxation phase
B. Contraction phase
C. Both A and B
D. None
19. Diastole means:
A. Blood ejection
B. Contraction
C. Relaxation
D. Muscle stiffening
20. Lub-dub sounds are caused by:
A. Blood pressure
B. Opening of valves
C. Closing of valves
D. Muscle movement
21. The first heart sound “lub” is caused by:
A. Closing of semilunar valves
B. Opening of AV valves
C. Closing of AV valves
D. Contraction of atria
22. During atrial systole:
A. Ventricles contract
B. Blood flows to atria
C. Atria contract
D. Valves close
23. Ventricular systole results in:
A. Blood entering atria
B. Relaxation of ventricles
C. Blood ejected from heart
D. SA node activation
24. Diastole allows the heart to:
A. Rest and fill with blood
B. Contract faster
C. Pump harder
D. Increase pressure
25. Heart rate is regulated by:
A. Spinal cord
B. Brainstem
C. SA node
D. AV bundle
26. ECG is used to:
A. Stimulate heart
B. Measure oxygen level
C. Record electrical activity
D. Pump blood
27. Cardiac output =
A. Stroke volume × blood pressure
B. Stroke volume × heart rate
C. Heart rate ÷ stroke volume
D. Blood pressure × pulse rate
28. Stroke volume refers to:
A. Volume per minute
B. Volume per cycle
C. Volume per second
D. Total blood volume
29. A resting heart rate in adults is about:
A. 20–30 bpm
B. 40–60 bpm
C. 70–80 bpm
D. 100–110 bpm
30. Increased heart rate is called:
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Tachycardia
D. Hyperglycemia
31. Arteries carry blood:
A. To the heart
B. Away from the heart
C. Toward lungs
D. To kidneys
32. Veins carry blood:
A. Away from heart
B. Always oxygenated
C. Toward heart
D. To lungs
33. Capillaries are:
A. Thick-walled
B. Elastic vessels
C. Sites of exchange
D. Muscular
34. Which blood vessels have valves?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Arterioles
35. Capillaries connect:
A. Arteries and veins
B. Veins and lungs
C. Arteries and muscles
D. Veins and atria
36. Walls of arteries are:
A. Thin and non-elastic
B. Thick and elastic
C. Non-muscular
D. Porous
37. The largest artery in the body:
A. Vena cava
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Aorta
D. Coronary artery
38. Veins appear blue due to:
A. Oxygen
B. Blood pressure
C. Optical illusion
D. Actual color
39. Pulmonary artery carries:
A. Oxygenated blood
B. Deoxygenated blood
C. Lymph
D. Plasma only
40. Which vessel brings blood to liver from intestine?
A. Hepatic vein
B. Hepatic portal vein
C. Renal vein
D. Jugular vein
41. Arterioles are small branches of:
A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Arteries
D. Venules
42. Which of the following has the lowest pressure?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
43. Exchange of gases occurs in:
A. Veins
B. Capillaries
C. Arteries
D. Heart
44. Blood pressure is highest in:
A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Arteries
D. Venules
45. Which vessel carries blood to kidneys?
A. Renal artery
B. Renal vein
C. Ureter
D. Aorta
46. Blood vessels with thinnest walls:
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Arterioles
47. Lymph is:
A. Yellow pigment
B. Tissue fluid
C. RBC-rich fluid
D. Digestive enzyme
48. Lymph is formed from:
A. Blood plasma
B. Urine
C. Saliva
D. Hormones
49. Lymph returns to the bloodstream via:
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Subclavian vein
C. Aorta
D. Jugular vein
50. Lymph nodes function to:
A. Filter blood
B. Produce bile
C. Store glucose
D. Filter lymph
51. Organs of lymphatic system include:
A. Liver and pancreas
B. Heart and brain
C. Spleen and tonsils
D. Lungs and stomach
52. Lymph vessels lack:
A. Walls
B. Valves
C. Muscles
D. Lumen
53. Lymphatic capillaries absorb:
A. Water
B. Amino acids
C. Lipids
D. Proteins
54. Lymph nodes contain:
A. RBCs
B. B and T lymphocytes
C. Platelets
D. Enzymes
55. Major lymphatic duct:
A. Aortic duct
B. Thoracic duct
C. Renal duct
D. Hepatic duct
56. Lymph is similar to:
A. Urine
B. Plasma
C. Bile
D. CSF
57. The spleen is involved in:
A. Digestion
B. Filtration of blood
C. Urine formation
D. Breathing
58. Tonsils are part of:
A. Digestive system
B. Circulatory system
C. Respiratory system
D. Lymphatic system
59. Lacteals are lymph capillaries in:
A. Lungs
B. Intestines
C. Liver
D. Kidneys
60. Lymphatic system helps in:
A. Blood clotting
B. Oxygen transport
C. Defense and immunity
D. Hormone secretion
61. Lymphatic fluid flows due to:
A. Arterial pump
B. Heartbeat
C. Skeletal muscle movement
D. Gravity only
62. Immunity refers to:
A. Disease development
B. Body's resistance to disease
C. Spread of infection
D. Body temperature
63. Specific defense involves:
A. Skin and hair
B. Fever
C. Antibodies
D. Saliva
64. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. RBCs
B. B lymphocytes
C. T lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
65. T lymphocytes are responsible for:
A. Producing insulin
B. Cellular immunity
C. Antibody formation
D. Hormone transport
66. Antigens are:
A. Foreign proteins
B. Enzymes
C. Hormones
D. Blood cells
67. Memory cells are produced during:
A. Primary immune response
B. Secondary immune response
C. Fever
D. Digestion
68. Vaccination provides:
A. Innate immunity
B. Active acquired immunity
C. Passive immunity
D. Autoimmunity
69. Antibodies are part of:
A. Nonspecific defense
B. Inflammatory response
C. Humoral immunity
D. Cell walls
70. The organ producing T cells:
A. Liver
B. Thymus
C. Pancreas
D. Brain
71. Which is a part of adaptive immunity?
A. Skin
B. Mucus
C. Antibodies
D. Hair
72. Passive immunity is obtained by:
A. Infection
B. Breastfeeding
C. Exercise
D. Sweating
73. Natural active immunity results from:
A. Injection
B. Recovery from disease
C. Medication
D. Antibiotics
74. Which is not part of specific immunity?
A. Antibodies
B. Memory cells
C. T cells
D. Mucus
75. Autoimmune diseases are caused by:
A. Bacteria
B. Virus
C. Immune system attacking self
D. Low oxygen
76. AIDS is caused by:
A. Virus
B. Fungus
C. Bacteria
D. Protozoa
77. HIV attacks:
A. B cells
B. Helper T cells
C. Macrophages
D. Red blood cells
78. Active immunity develops:
A. Immediately
B. After exposure
C. Without exposure
D. In uterus
79. Immunoglobulins are:
A. Enzymes
B. Lipids
C. Antibodies
D. Hormones
80. First antibody to appear in primary response:
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
81. Booster dose strengthens:
A. Primary response
B. Innate defense
C. Secondary immune response
D. Inflammation
