## Multiple Choice Questions on Fungal Infections
**1. What is the most common cause of sporotrichosis?**
* a) Coccidioides immitis
* b) Histoplasma capsulatum
* c) Sporothrix schenckii
* d) Blastomyces dermatitidis
**2. Sporotrichosis is typically transmitted through:**
* a) Inhalation of fungal spores
* b) Insect bites
* c) Ingestion of contaminated food
* d) Inoculation of spores into the skin
**3. The characteristic skin lesion in sporotrichosis is:**
* a) A large, painless ulcer
* b) A small, painful nodule
* c) A scaly, erythematous patch
* d) A pustule with a central necrotic area
**4. The most common clinical presentation of sporotrichosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) Central nervous system infection
**5. The treatment of choice for sporotrichosis is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**6. Chromoblastomycosis is caused by:**
* a) Dimorphic fungi
* b) Dematiaceous fungi
* c) Yeast-like fungi
* d) Filamentous fungi
**7. The characteristic histological finding in chromoblastomycosis is:**
* a) Sclerotic bodies
* b) Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon
* c) Granulomatous inflammation
* d) Necrosis
**8. The most common clinical presentation of chromoblastomycosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) Central nervous system infection
**9. The treatment of choice for chromoblastomycosis is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**10. Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by:**
* a) Dimorphic fungi
* b) Dematiaceous fungi
* c) Yeast-like fungi
* d) Filamentous fungi
**11. The characteristic histological finding in phaeohyphomycosis is:**
* a) Sclerotic bodies
* b) Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon
* c) Dematiaceous hyphae
* d) Granulomatous inflammation
**12. The most common clinical presentation of phaeohyphomycosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) Central nervous system infection
**13. The treatment of choice for phaeohyphomycosis is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**14. Mycetoma is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection of:**
* a) Skin and subcutaneous tissues
* b) Bone and joint
* c) Lungs
* d) Brain
**15. The characteristic feature of mycetoma is:**
* a) Formation of sinus tracts
* b) Production of granules
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**16. The most common causative agents of mycetoma are:**
* a) Bacteria
* b) Fungi
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**17. The treatment of choice for mycetoma is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Surgical excision
**18. Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?**
* a) Immunosuppression
* b) Diabetes mellitus
* c) Chronic lung disease
* d) All of the above
**19. Which of the following is a diagnostic tool for fungal infections?**
* a) Culture
* b) Histopathology
* c) Serology
* d) All of the above
**20. Which of the following is a general principle of antifungal therapy?**
* a) Prolonged therapy
* b) Combination therapy
* c) Targeted therapy
* d) All of the above
**21. What is the most common fungal infection worldwide?**
* a) Histoplasmosis
* b) Coccidioidomycosis
* c) Blastomycosis
* d) Dermatophytosis
**22. Dermatophytoses are fungal infections of the:**
* a) Skin, hair, and nails
* b) Lungs
* c) Brain
* d) Liver
**23. The most common causative agents of dermatophytoses are:**
* a) Trichophyton spp.
* b) Microsporum spp.
* c) Epidermophyton floccosum
* d) All of the above
**24. The treatment of dermatophytoses typically involves:**
* a) Topical antifungal agents
* b) Oral antifungal agents
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**25. Candida albicans is a common cause of:**
* a) Oral thrush
* b) Vaginal candidiasis
* c) Skin infections
* d) All of the above
**26. Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects the:**
* a) Lungs
* b) Central nervous system
* c) Skin
* d) Liver
**27. The most common causative agent of cryptococcosis is:**
* a) Cryptococcus neoformans
* b) Histoplasma capsulatum
* c) Coccidioides immitis
* d) Blastomyces dermatitidis
**28. The treatment of cryptococcosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**29. Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**30. The most common clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
**31. The treatment of histoplasmosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) No treatment is necessary in most cases
**32. Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**33. The most common clinical presentation of coccidioidomycosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
**34. The treatment of coccidioidomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**35. Blastomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**36. The most common clinical presentation of blastomycosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**37. The treatment of blastomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**38. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Aspergillus fumigatus
* b) Aspergillus flavus
* c) Aspergillus niger
* d) All of the above
**39. The most common clinical presentation of aspergillosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Sinusitis
* c) Otomycosis
* d) All of the above
**40. The treatment of aspergillosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**41. Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Penicillium marneffei
* b
**42. Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Penicillium marneffei
* b) Penicillium chrysogenum
* c) Penicillium notatum
* d) Penicillium citrinum
**43. The most common clinical presentation of penicilliosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Disseminated infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Sinusitis
**44. The treatment of penicilliosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**45. Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Rhizopus spp.
* b) Mucor spp.
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**46. The most common clinical presentation of zygomycosis is:**
* a) Rhinocerebral infection
* b) Pulmonary infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Disseminated infection
**47. The treatment of zygomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**48. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Candida albicans
* b) Candida glabrata
* c) Candida krusei
* d) All of the above
**49. The most common clinical presentation of candidiasis is:**
* a) Oral thrush
* b) Vaginal candidiasis
* c) Esophageal candidiasis
* d) All of the above
**50. The treatment of candidiasis typically involves:**
* a) Fluconazole
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) Amphotericin B
**Answers:**
1. c
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. c
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. b
11. c
12. a
13. c
14. c
15. c
16. c
17. d
18. d
19. d
20. d
21. d
22. a
23. d
24. c
25. d
26. b
27. a
28. a
29. a
30. d
31. b
32. b
33. d
34. a
35. a
36. c
37. b
38. a
39. d
40. d
41. a
42. a
43. b
44. d
45. c
46. a
47. a
48. d
49. d
50. a
**Here are 40 MCQs based on the provided information, focusing on fungal
infections:**
**1. Which of the following is a dimorphic fungus?**
* a) Aspergillus fumigatus
* b) Candida albicans
* c) Histoplasma capsulatum
* d) Penicillium marneffei
**2. Sporotrichosis is typically transmitted through:**
* a) Inhalation of fungal spores
* b) Insect bites
* c) Ingestion of contaminated food
* d) Sexual contact
**3. The characteristic skin lesion in sporotrichosis is:**
* a) A large, painless ulcer
* b) A small, painful nodule
* c) A scaly, erythematous patch
* d) A pustule with a central necrotic area
**4. Chromoblastomycosis is caused by:**
* a) Dimorphic fungi
* b) Dematiaceous fungi
* c) Yeast-like fungi
* d) Filamentous fungi
**5. The characteristic histological finding in chromoblastomycosis is:**
* a) Sclerotic bodies
* b) Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon
* c) Granulomatous inflammation
* d) Necrosis
**6. Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by:**
* a) Dimorphic fungi
* b) Dematiaceous fungi
* c) Yeast-like fungi
* d) Filamentous fungi
**7. The characteristic histological finding in phaeohyphomycosis is:**
* a) Sclerotic bodies
* b) Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon
* c) Dematiaceous hyphae
* d) Granulomatous inflammation
**8. Mycetoma is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection of:**
* a) Skin and subcutaneous tissues
* b) Bone and joint
* c) Lungs
* d) Brain
**9. The characteristic feature of mycetoma is:**
* a) Formation of sinus tracts
* b) Production of granules
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**10. The most common causative agents of mycetoma are:**
* a) Bacteria
* b) Fungi
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**11. The treatment of choice for mycetoma is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Surgical excision
**12. Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?**
* a) Immunosuppression
* b) Diabetes mellitus
* c) Chronic lung disease
* d) All of the above
**13. Which of the following is a diagnostic tool for fungal infections?**
* a) Culture
* b) Histopathology
* c) Serology
* d) All of the above
**14. Which of the following is a general principle of antifungal therapy?**
* a) Prolonged therapy
* b) Combination therapy
* c) Targeted therapy
* d) All of the above
**15. What is the most common fungal infection worldwide?**
* a) Histoplasmosis
* b) Coccidioidomycosis
* c) Blastomycosis
* d) Dermatophytosis
**16. Dermatophytoses are fungal infections of the:**
* a) Skin, hair, and nails
* b) Lungs
* c) Brain
* d) Liver
**17. The most common causative agents of dermatophytoses are:**
* a) Trichophyton spp.
* b) Microsporum spp.
* c) Epidermophyton floccosum
* d) All of the above
**18. The treatment of dermatophytoses typically involves:**
* a) Topical antifungal agents
* b) Oral antifungal agents
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**19. Candida albicans is a common cause of:**
* a) Oral thrush
* b) Vaginal candidiasis
* c) Skin infections
* d) All of the above
**20. Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects the:**
* a) Lungs
* b) Central nervous system
* c) Skin
* d) Liver
**21. The most common causative agent of cryptococcosis is:**
* a) Cryptococcus neoformans
* b) Histoplasma capsulatum
* c) Coccidioides immitis
* d) Blastomyces dermatitidis
**22. The treatment of cryptococcosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**23. Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**24. The most common clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
**25. The treatment of histoplasmosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) No treatment is necessary in most cases
**26. Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**27. The most common clinical presentation of coccidioidomycosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
**28. The treatment of coccidioidomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
**29. Blastomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
**30. The most common clinical presentation of blastomycosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**31. The treatment of blastomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**32. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Aspergillus fumigatus
* b) Aspergillus flavus
* c) Aspergillus niger
* d) All of the above
**33. The most common clinical presentation of aspergillosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Sinusitis
* c) Otomycosis
* d) All of the above
**34. The treatment of aspergillosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**35. Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Penicillium marneffei
* b) Penicillium chrysogenum
* c) Penicillium notatum
* d) Penicillium citrinum
**36. The most common clinical presentation of penicilliosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Disseminated infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Sinusitis
**37. The treatment of penicilliosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**38. Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Rhizopus spp.
* b) Mucor spp.
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
**39. The most common clinical presentation of zygomycosis is:**
* a) Rhinocerebral infection
* b) Pulmonary infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Disseminated infection
**40. The treatment of zygomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
**Answers:**
1. c
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. c
8. c
9. c
10. b
11. d
12. d
13. d
14. d
15. d
16. a
17. d
18. c
19. d
20. b
21. a
22. a
23. a
24. d
25. b
26. b
27. d
28. a
29. a
30. c
31. b
32. a
33. d
34. d
35. a
36. b
37. d
38. c
39. a
40. a
## Multiple Choice Questions
**Based on the provided image, here are 40 MCQs of medium difficulty:**
1. **Which of the following is an opportunistic fungal infection commonly seen in
immunocompromised individuals?**
* a) Histoplasmosis
* b) Coccidioidomycosis
* c) Blastomycosis
* d) Pneumocystis pneumonia
2. **Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is primarily caused by:**
* a) A virus
* b) A bacterium
* c) A fungus
* d) A protozoan
3. **Which of the following is a risk factor for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
**
* a) Recent travel to endemic areas
* b) Exposure to contaminated soil
* c) Immunosuppression
* d) Insect bites
4. **The characteristic histological finding in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
is:**
* a) Sclerotic bodies
* b) Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon
* c) Dematiaceous hyphae
* d) Cysts in alveolar spaces
5. **The diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is typically made by:**
* a) Culture
* b) Serology
* c) Histopathology
* d) All of the above
6. **The treatment of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
7. **Aspergillosis is caused by:**
* a) Aspergillus fumigatus
* b) Candida albicans
* c) Cryptococcus neoformans
* d) Histoplasma capsulatum
8. **The most common clinical presentation of aspergillosis is:**
* a) Cutaneous infection
* b) Pulmonary infection
* c) Gastrointestinal infection
* d) Central nervous system infection
9. **The treatment of aspergillosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) All of the above
10. **Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Rhizopus spp.
* b) Mucor spp.
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
11. **The most common clinical presentation of zygomycosis is:**
* a) Rhinocerebral infection
* b) Pulmonary infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Disseminated infection
12. **The treatment of zygomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) All of the above
13. **Which of the following is a risk factor for fungal infections?**
* a) Immunosuppression
* b) Diabetes mellitus
* c) Chronic lung disease
* d) All of the above
14. **Which of the following is a diagnostic tool for fungal infections?**
* a) Culture
* b) Histopathology
* c) Serology
* d) All of the above
15. **Which of the following is a general principle of antifungal therapy?**
* a) Prolonged therapy
* b) Combination therapy
* c) Targeted therapy
* d) All of the above
16. **What is the most common fungal infection worldwide?**
* a) Histoplasmosis
* b) Coccidioidomycosis
* c) Blastomycosis
* d) Dermatophytosis
17. **Dermatophytoses are fungal infections of the:**
* a) Skin, hair, and nails
* b) Lungs
* c) Brain
* d) Liver
18. **The most common causative agents of dermatophytoses are:**
* a) Trichophyton spp.
* b) Microsporum spp.
* c) Epidermophyton floccosum
* d) All of the above
19. **The treatment of dermatophytoses typically involves:**
* a) Topical antifungal agents
* b) Oral antifungal agents
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
20. **Candida albicans is a common cause of:**
* a) Oral thrush
* b) Vaginal candidiasis
* c) Skin infections
* d) All of the above
21. **Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects the:**
* a) Lungs
* b) Central nervous system
* c) Skin
* d) Liver
22. **The most common causative agent of cryptococcosis is:**
* a) Cryptococcus neoformans
* b) Histoplasma capsulatum
* c) Coccidioides immitis
* d) Blastomyces dermatitidis
23. **The treatment of cryptococcosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
24. **Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
25. **The most common clinical presentation of histoplasmosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
26. **The treatment of histoplasmosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) No treatment is necessary in most cases
27. **Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
28. **The most common clinical presentation of coccidioidomycosis is:**
* a) Acute pulmonary infection
* b) Chronic pulmonary infection
* c) Disseminated infection
* d) All of the above
29. **The treatment of coccidioidomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) Voriconazole
30. **Blastomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic to:**
* a) The Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
* b) The southwestern United States
* c) The tropics
* d) The Arctic
31. **The most common clinical presentation of blastomycosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Cutaneous infection
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
32. **The treatment of blastomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Itraconazole
* c) Voriconazole
* d) All of the above
33. **Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Aspergillus fumigatus
* b) Candida albicans
* c) Cryptococcus neoformans
* d) Histoplasma capsulatum
34. **The most common clinical presentation of aspergillosis is:**
* a) Cutaneous infection
* b) Pulmonary infection
* c) Gastrointestinal infection
* d) Central nervous system infection
35. **The treatment of aspergillosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) All of the above
36. **Penicilliosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Penicillium marneffei
* b) Penicillium chrysogenum
* c) Penicillium notatum
* d) Penicillium citrinum
37. **The most common clinical presentation of penicilliosis is:**
* a) Pulmonary infection
* b) Disseminated infection
* c) Cutaneous infection
* d) Sinusitis
38. **The treatment of penicilliosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) All of the above
39. **Zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by:**
* a) Rhizopus spp.
* b) Mucor spp.
* c) Both a and b
* d) Neither a nor b
40. **The treatment of zygomycosis typically involves:**
* a) Amphotericin B
* b) Fluconazole
* c) Itraconazole
* d) All of the above
**Answers:**
1. d
2. c
3. c
4. d
5. d
6. d
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. c
11. a
12. d
13. d
14. d
15. d
16. a
17. d
18. c
19. d
20. d
21. a
22. a
23. a
24. d
25. b
26. b
27. d
28. a
29. a
30. c
31. b
32. a
33. a
34. b
35. d
36. a
37. d
38. c
39. a
40. a
