Word Formation
Word Formation
-A-
VERBS            NOUN                    ADJECTIVE             ADVERB
enable           ability                 able unable           ably
                 absence absentee        absent
                 accident                accidental
accommodate      accomodation
acknowledge      acknowledgement
                 action activity activist
act                                       active inactive
                 actress actor
activate         activation
add              addition additive       additional additive
                                         adequate
                 adequacy inadequacy
                                         inadequate
admire           admiration              admirable             admirably
                 advantage               advantageous
                 disadvantage            disadvantageous
                 advertisement
advertise
                 advertiser
admit            admission admittance
adopt            adoption
                                         advisable             advisably
advise           advice advisability
                                         inadvisable           inadvisably
                                         affectionate
                 affection
                                         unaffectionate
                                         effective
affect           effect
                                         ineffective
                 agreement               agreeable             agreeably
agree disagree
                 disagreement            disagreeable          disagreeably
                 alcohol                 alcoholic             alcoholically
allow            allowance
                 ambition                ambitious
                                                                               1
amuse        amusement
annoy        annoyance
excite       excitement
             anxiety                   anxious
apologise    apology                   apologetic              apologetically
appear       appearance
                                       apparent                apparently
disappear    disapperance
applaud      applause applauder
apply        application applicant     applicable              applicably
appoint      appointment
appreciate   appreciation              appreciative
approve
             approval disapproval
disapprove
             argument                  arguable
argue                                                          arguably
             argumentation             argumentative
arrange      arrangement
arrive       arrival
assist       assistance
associate    association
assume       assumption
astonish     astonishment
attend       attendance
             attention                 attentive
             attraction
                                       attractive
attract      attractiveness
                                       unattractive
             unattractiveness
                                       avoidable               avoidably
avoid        avoidance
                                       unavoidable             unavoidably
-B-
VERBS        NOUN               ADJECTIVE              ADVERB
base         base basic         basically              basis
beautify     beauty             beautiful              beautifully
                                                                                2
            beautician
                               believable                believably
believe     belief disbelief
                               unbelievable              unbelievably
bleed       blood
            bravery            brave
breathe     breath             breathless
broaden     breadth            broad
brighten    brightness         bright
            brilliance         brilliant
burry       burial
-C-
VERBS       NOUN                       ADJECTIVE               ADVERB
calculate   calculation calculator
            caution                    cautious
change      change changeability changeable                    unchangeable
            child childhood            childish childlike
choose      choice
circle      circle                     circular
                                       civil civic civilised
civilise    civiilsation civics
                                       uncivilised
classify    class classification
enclose     enclosure
collect     collection collector       collective
                                       comfortable             comfortably
comfort     comfort discomfort
                                       uncomfortable           uncomfortably
                                       comparative
compare     comparison                                         comparably
                                       comparable
compel      compulsion                 compulsory              compulsorily
            competition
compete                                competitive
            competitor
                                       complete
complete    completion
                                       imcomplete
                                                                               3
               composition
compose
               composer
conclude       conclusion
confirm        confirmation
                                   confident
confide        confidence          unconfident
                                   confidential
confess        confession
                                   confirmed
confirm        confirmation
                                   unconfirmed
confuse        confusion
congratulate   congratulation
               consciousness       conscious
               unconsciousness     unconscious
conserve       conservation
                                   considerable        considerably
consider       consideration
                                   inconsiderable      inconsiderably
construct      construction        constructive
consume        consumption
                                   continuous
continue       continuation
                                   discontinuous
discontinue    discontinuation
                                   continual
               convenience         convenient
               inconvenience       inconvenient
converse       conversation        conversational
cook           cook cooker         cookery
                                   correct incorrect
correct        correction
                                   corrective
               courage
encourage
               encouragement       courageous
discourage
               discouragement
               cowardice           coward
               creation creature
create                             creative
               creator
               crime criminal      criminal
                                                                        4
criticize   critic criticism      critical
            curiosity             curious
            cruelty               cruel
            custom                customary
-D-
VERBS       NOUN                ADJECTIVE                 ADVERB
damage      damage
endanger    danger              dangerous
darken      darkness            dark
            day                 daily
deafen      deafness            deaf
            deceit              deceitful
decide      decision            decisive indecisive
            decoration
decorate
            decorator
deepen      depth               deep
defend      defence defendant   defensive indefensible    indefensibly
                                deliverable
deliver     delivery
                                undeliverable
            dependence
depend                          dependent independent
            independence
                                descriptive describable
describe    description
                                indescribable
                                destructive non-
destroy     destruction
                                destructive
                                determined
determine   determination
                                undetermined
develop     development
dictate     dictation           dictatorial
die         death               dead deadly
differ      difference          different
                                                                         5
differentiate     differentiation
                  direction director
direct                                   direct indirect
                  directory
discover          discovery
discuss           discussion
                  distance               distant
distribute        distribution
disturb           disturbance
divide            division               divisive
doubt             doubt                  doubtful
                  dust duster            dusty
-E-
VERBS           NOUN                    ADJECTIVE             ADVERB
                ease                    easy                  easily
                                  economic
economise       economy economics economical
                                  uneconomical
educate         education               educational
                                        efficient
                efficiency
                                        inefficient
elect           election
electrify       electricity electrician electric electrical
embarrass       embarrassment
                employment
employ          unemployment
                employee employer
enjoy           enjoyment               enjoyable             enjoyably
enter           entrance
                enthusiasm              enthusiastic          enthusiastically
enthuse
                enthusiast              unethusiastic         unenthusiastically
                equalisation equality
equalise                              equal unequal           equally
                inequality
                                                                                   6
except      exception
exhibit     exhibition
                                     expensive
            expense
                                     inexpensive
                                     explanatory
explain     explanation              explicable
                                     inexplicable
explode     explosion                explosive
express     expression
extend      extension                extensive          extensively
            extinction               extinct
-F-
VERBS       NOUN                 ADJECTIVE                ADVERB
fail        failure
falsify     falsity falsehood false
            fame                 famous infamous          famously
                                 fashionable              fashionably
            fashion
                                 unfashionable            unfashionably
fatten      fat fatness          fat fattening
            fault                faulty faultless         faultily
                                 favorable unfavourable favorably
favor       favor favorite
                                 favoured favorite      unfavorably
fear        fear fearlessness afraid fearful fearless
ferfilise   fertility fertiliser fertile
fit         fitness              unfit misfit
fly         flight
            foot footprint
            footstep
forget      forgetfulness        forgetful                forgetfully
forgive     forgivingness
            formation
form                             formative                formatively
            deformity
                                                                          7
            fortune                                       fortunately
                                 fortunate unfortunate
            misfortune                                    unfortunately
formalise   formality            formal                   formally
free        freedom              free                     freely
refresh     refreshment          fresh
            frequency
                                 frequent infrequent      frequently
            infrequency
befriend    friend friendship friendly unfriendly
            furniture
furnish                          furnished unfurnished
            furnisher
-G-
VERBS           NOUN                      ADJECTIVE           ADVERB
                generosity                generous            generously
                gentleness                gentle              gently
                gold                      golden
                government
govern
                governor
                greed                     greedy
                greed                     greedy
grow            growth
                guilt                     guilty
-H-
VERBS       NOUN                          ADJECTIVE            ADVERB
                                                               happily
            happiness unhappiness         happy unhappy
                                                               unhappily
hasten      haste                         hasty                hastily
hate        hatred hatefulness            hateful              hatefully
            head headline headache
head
            heading
                                                               healthily
heal        health                        healthy unhealthy
                                                               unhealthily
                                                                             8
heat            heat heater                  hot
heighten        height                       high
                hero heroine heroism         heroic               heroically
hesitate        hesitation                   hesitative
hinder          hindrance
                honesty                      honest dishonest
                                             honourable
                honour dishonour
                                             dishonourable
                horizon                      horizontal
                house household
                housekeeper housewife
                hunger                       hungry               hungrily
-I-
VERBS              NOUN                ADJECTIVE                   ADVERB
                   ice                 icy
identify           identification      identified unidentified
                   image               imaginary imaginative
imagine                                                            imaginarily
                   imagination         unimaginative
imitate            imitation           imitative
                   importance          important unimportant
impress            impression          impressive
improve            improvement
include            inclusion           inclusive
                   industry
industrialise                          industrial industrilised
                   industrialist
infer              inference
influence          influence           influential
inform                                 informative
                   information
misinform                              uninformative
injure             injury
                   innocence           innocent
                                                                                 9
inquire             inquiry
insure              insurance
                    intellect
intellectualise                         intellectual
                    intellectual
intend              intention           intentional unintentional
interest            interest            uninterested
disinterest         disinterest         uninteresting
interpret           interpretation
interrupt           interruption
interrogate         interrogation       interrogative
introduce           introduction
invent              invention           inventive
invite              invitation
-K-
VERBS                    NOUN              ADJECTIVE             ADVERB
know                     knowledge         knowledgeable
-L-
VERBS             NOUN                       ADJECTIVE              ADVERB
laugh             laughter                   laughable
lead mislead      leader leadership
                                                                    legally
legalise          legality illegality        legal illegal
                                                                    illegally
lend              loan
lengthen          length                     long
lessen            less
                  light lighter lighthouse
lighten                                    light
                  lightness
                  literature literacy        literary literate
                  illiteracy                 illiterate
live              life                       live lively alive
                                                                                10
              loneliness aloneness       lonely alone
lose          loss
loosen        looseness                  loose
              loyalty disloyalty         loyal disloyal
              luck                       lucky                  luckily
-M-
VERBS         NOUN                         ADJECTIVE              ADVERB
maintain      maintenance
              management                   managerial
manage
              mismanagement                manageable
mismanage
              manager manageress           unmanageable
marry         marriage
              mountain mountaineer         mountainous
measure       measurement                  measurable             measurably
              mechanic mechanism           mechanical
memorise      memory memo                  memorial
modernise     modernisation modernity modern
modify        modification
moralise      morality immorality          moral immoral
              mother motherhood            motherly
              mountain mountaineer         mountainous
multiply      multiplication               multiple
              mystery                      mysterious
-N-
VERBS          NOUN                ADJECTIVE              ADVERB
               nation
nationalize                        national
               nationality
naturalise     nature              natural unnatural
                                   necessary              necessarily
necessitate    necessity
                                   unnecessary            unnecessarily
                                                                               11
neglect        negligence        negligible negligent negligibly
               nerve             nervous
               noise             noisy                    noisily
-O-
VERBS       NOUN                    ADJECTIVE                   ADVERB
obey        obedience
                                    obedient disobedient
disobey     disobedience
                                    objective objectionable
object      objection objectivity                               objectionably
                                    unobjectionable
oblige
            obligation              obligatory
obligate
            observation
observe     observant
            observatory
            occasion                occasional
occupy      occupation occupant
officiate   office officer official official unofficial
omit        omission
operate     operation
originate   origin originality      original
own         owner ownership
-P-
VERBS           NOUN                     ADJECTIVE                  ADVERB
pack            packet package
part            part partner particle partial
                patience impatience patient impatient
pay             payment payee            payable unpaid
                peculiarity              peculiar
permit          permission               permissive
                person personlity        personal impersonal
                                                                                12
                                     perceptive
perceive     perception
                                     unperceptive
perfect      perfection              perfect imperfect
perform      performance
             permanence
                                     parmanent
             permanency
                                     persuasive
persuade     persuasion
                                     unpersuasive
please       pleasure displeasure pleasurable
             plenty                  plentiful
             politics politician     political
             poison                  poisounous
             popularity
popularise                           popular unpopular
             unpopularity
populate     population
             poverty                 poor
             possession
possess                              possessive
             possessor
post         postage                 postal
             possibility                                     possibly
                                     possible impossible
             impossibility                                   impossibly
                                     practical impractical
             practicality
                                     practicable
             practicability
                                     impracticable
practise     practice practitioner
prefer       preference              preferable              preferably
present      presence                present
preserve     preservation            preservative
press        pressure
prevent      prevention              preventive
             pride                   proud
             prison prisoner
imprison
             imprisonment
             probability             probable improbable probably
                                                                          13
                 improbability                                    improbably
                 production product         productive
produce
                 producer                   unproductive
                                            professional
                 profession
                                            unprofessional
                                            profitable            profitably
profit           profit
                                            unprofitable          unprofitably
pronounce        pronunciation
mispronounce     mispronunciation
propose          proposal
protect          protection                 protective
prove disprove   proof disproof
publicise        publicity                  public
                 punctuality                punctual
punish           punishment
purify           purify impurify            pure impure
-Q-
VERBS            NOUN                 ADJECTIVE                  ADVERB
qualify          qualification        qualified disqualified
quarrel          quarrel              quarrelsome
-R-
VERBS       NOUN                                 ADJECTIVE        ADVERB
            rapidity, rapidness                  rapid            rapidly
                                                 real, unreal,
realise     realisation, reality, realist        realistic,
                                                 unrealistic
                                                 reasonable,      reasonably,
            reason
                                                 unreasonable     unreasonably
            receiver, receipt, recipient,        receptive,
receive
            reception, receptionist              unreceptive
                                                 recognisable
recognise   recognition
                                                 unrecognisable
                                                                                 14
recommend recommendation
reduce       reduction
reflect      reflection
                                               regrettable,
regret       regret                                              regrettably
                                               regretful
                                               regular
regularise   regularity irregularity
                                               irregular
refer        reference, referee, referent      referent
refuse       refusal
relieve      relief
                                               religious
             religion
                                               unreligious
                                               repeatable
repeat       repetition
                                               unrepeatable
reside       residence, resident               residential
resign       resignation
                                               respectful,
             respect, respectability,                            respectably,
respect                                        respectable,
             disrespect                                          respectfully
                                               unrespectable
respond      response
                                               responsible,      responsibly,
             responsibility,irresponsibility
                                               irresponsible     irresponsibly
enrich       richness                          rich
rob          robber, robbery
                                               romantic,
             romance                                             romantically
                                               unromantic
roughen      roughness                         rough
             royalty                           royal
-S-
VERBS         NOUN                 ADJECTIVE                     ADVERB
sadden        sadness              sad
              satisfaction         satisfied unsatisfied
satisfy
              dissatisfaction      satisfactory unsatisfactory
                                                                                 15
save       safety safe         safe unsafe
           scarcity            scarce
           scene scenery       scenic
           science scientist   scientific                scientifically
           season              seasonal
secure     security            secure insecure
select     selection           selective
                               sensation sensitive
                               insensitive senseless
sense      sense
                               sensible insensible
                               sensational
                               separate separable
separate   sepatation
                               inseparable
serve      service servant
           shade               shady
                               shameless ashamed
shame      shame
                               shameful
sharpen    sharpness           sharp
shorten    shortage            short
sign       signature
           silence             silent
           similarity
                               similar dissimilar
           dissimilarity
simplify   simplicity          simple                    simply
situate    situation
           sincerity           sincere
sleep      sleep sleeper       sleepy sleepless asleep   sleepily
slip       slip slipper        slippery
smooth     smoothness          smooth
soften     softness            soft
solve      solution
           sorrow              sorry sorrowful
                                                                          16
speak         speech              speechless
spell         spelling
misspell      misspelling
              stability
stabilize                         stable unstable
              instability
state         statement
              stone               stony
stop          stopper stoppage
straighten    straightness        straight
strengthen    strength            strong
              stupidity           stupid
succed        success             successful
              sun                 sunny suntanned sunburned
suffice       sufficiency         sufficient insufficient
              support
support                           supportive
              supporter
suspect       suspect             suspicious unsuspicious
sweeten       seetness            sweet
systematize   system              systematic unsystematic
sympathise    sympathy            sympathetic unsympathetic
-T-
VERBS         NOUN                           ADJECTIVE        ADVERB
talk          talk                           talkative
              taste taster tastefulness      tasty tasteful   tastefully
taste
              tastelessness                  tasteless        tastelessly
tend          tendency
thicken       thickness                      thick
think         thought                        thoughtful
threaten      threat
tighten       tightness                      tight
entitle       title
                                                                            17
toughen     toughness                   tough
translate   translation translator
treat       treatment
            trouble                     troublesome
            truth truthfulness          true truthful        truly
entrust     trust trustee               trustworthy
            type                        typical untypical
            typist typeface typesetter
type                                   typewritten
            typewriter
-U-
VERBS              NOUN                ADJECTIVE            ADVERB
unite              union unit unity
urge               urgency             urgent               urgently
use                use user usefulness useful useless
-V-
VERBS       NOUN                      ADJECTIVE               ADVERB
            vacancy                   vacant
vaccinate   vaccination vaccine
validate    validity                  valid invalid
                                                              valuably
value       value                     valuable invaluable
                                                              invaluably
            variety variation         variable invariable     variably
vary
            variability               various                 invariably
vibrate     vibration                 vibrant
            violence                  violent
            visibility invisibility                           visibly
                                      visible invisible
            invisibleness                                     invisibly
visualise                             visual
-W-
                                                                           18
VERBS              NOUN                   ADJECTIVE         ADVERB
wake awake,
                                          awake
awaken
warm               warmth                 warm
                   wave                   wavy
                   wealth                 wealthy
weaken             weakness               weak
weigh              weight weightiness     weightless
widen              width                  wide widespread
                   wisdom                 wise unwise
                   wool                   woollen
                   work worker
work                                      workless
                   workshop
                                          worthless
                   worth
                                          worthy
-X-
VERBS             NOUN                ADJECTIVE           ADVERB
x-ray             x-ray
-Y-
VERBS         NOUN                        ADJECTIVE           ADVERB
              youth young youngster       young younger
                                                              youthfully
              youthfulness                youthful
-Z-
VERBS            NOUN                     ADJECTIVE         ADVERB
                 zeal zealousness
                                          zealous           zealously
                 zealot
zip unzip        zip zipper zipfastener
                 zoo zoologist zoology zological
19