KALA TRIAL EXAMINATION-2025
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
312/1 - GEOGRAPHY - Paper 1
MARCH 2025 2hrs 45min
Name:…………………………………........................Admission………..….Class……Date…
Signature……………………… School……………………….......
Instructions to Candidates
(a) This paper has two Sections A and B.
(b) Answer all the questions in Section A.
(c) In Section B, answer question 6 and any other two questions from Section B.
(d) All answers must be written in the foolscaps provided.
For Examiner’s Use Only
SECTION Questions Maximum Score CANDIDATE’S SCORE
A 1-5 25
B 6 25
25
25
Total Score 100%
©KALA EXAMS 2025
1
SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section
1 (a) Apart from the sun, name two other heavenly bodies (2 mks)
(b) State three effects of revolution of the earth around the sun. (3 mks)
2 a) Name the temperate grasslands found in the following countries.
o Canada (1 mark)
o Russia (1 mark)
b) State three ways through which aspect influences the distribution of natural vegetation (3mk)
3 (a) What is an earthquake? (2 mks)
(b) Give three human causes of earthquake. (3 mks)
4 .Use the diagram below to answer questions 4(a) and (b)
(a)Name the parts marked P, Q and R. (3 mks)
(b)State two characteristics of the feature drawn above. (2mks)
5 (a) Name two type of mass wasting. (2 mks)
(b) State three factors that influence movement of materials in mass wasting. (3mks)
SECTION B (75mks)
Answer question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO questions from this section.
6. Study the map of Tambach (1:50,000 sheet 90/3) provided and use it to answer the following
questions.
(a) (i) What is the longitudinal extend of the area covered by the map. (2 mks)
(ii) Convert the ratio scale of the map into statement scale (1mk)
( iii) What is the magnetic declination of the map as at 1980? (2 mks)
(b) (i) Citing evidence from the map, give two social functions of Iten town (2mks)
(ii) Describe the characteristics of the long profile of River Kerio. (5mks)
(c) Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors favouring trading in the area
covered by the map. (6mks)
2
(d) i) Using a vertical scale of 1 cm rep 100m, draw a cross section from grid reference 830730 to
910730. On it mark and label (5 mks)
Dry weather road
Escarpment
River Kerio
ii) Give the intervisibility of the points drawn (2mks)
7a) i) What is a limb in a fold? (2mks)
ii) Explain how Fold Mountains are formed according to convectional theory (3mks)
(b) i) Differentiate between orogeny and orogenesis (2mks)
ii) State three factors influencing folding of sedimentary rocks. (3mks)
(c) Use the world map provided and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name mountain ranges marked U, V, W, X, Y and Z (6mks)
ii) Draw a well labeled diagram of anticlinorium and synclinorium complex (3mks)
(d) Explain three ways in which fold mountains influence climate in a region. (6mks)
3
8. The table below represents rainfall and temperature of station X. Use it to answer the questions
(a) and (b)
Station X
Months J F M A M J J A S O N D
Temperature 30 31 31 31 30 29 28 29 29 29 29 30
°C
Rainfall (mm) 250 250 325 300 213 25 25 25 100 275 380 200
(a) (i)Calculate the mean annual range of temperature of the station. (1 mk)
ii) Calculate the annual rainfall total for station X. (2 mks)
iii) Calculate the average temperature for station X. (2 mks)
(b) Describe the climatic characteristics of station X. (5mks)
(c) i) Define the term weather forecasting. (2 mks)
ii) Explain any four challenges facing weather forecasting in Kenya. (8 mks)
(d) Explain how humidity is measured using simple hygrometer (5mks)
9) The diagram below represents underground featured in a limestone area. Use it to answer questions
a) i). Name the featured marked X, V and W. (3mks)
ii). Describe how the feature marked Y is formed (6 mks)
b) i). What is an artesian basin? (2mks)
ii).State three factors which influence the formation of features in limestone areas (3mks)
iii) State three reasons why Karst landscapes have low population densities (3mks)
c) State three significance of the Karst Region (3mks)
d) Form four students from Kala School are planning to carry out a field study on karst
landscape.
i) State two objectives of their study. (2mks)
ii) Prepare a simple working schedule for the field study. (3mks
4
10 (a) i) Define the term ocean (2mks)
ii) State three conditions necessary for the formation of a beach (3mks)
iii) Describe how wave erosion takes place through abrasion (2mks)
b) With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe how a stump is formed (9mks)
c) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
Identify the type of coast represented by the diagram (1mk)
d) Explain four significance of coastal features to human Activities (8mks)
