Confined Space

Training
Confined Space Training
DisclaimerThis material was produced under
grant number SH-05073-SH8 from
the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.

It does not necessarily reflect the views or

policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial
products, or organizations imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Confined Space Training

• What is a Confined Space

Welcome
• When does it become
Permit Required?

• What are the Hazards

• Training
Confined Space Training

• What is a Confined Space

• When does it become

Module-1 Permit Required?

• What are the Hazards

• Training
 What is a Confined Space
According to OSHA
29 CFR 1910.146b

A Confined Space is defined as:

1. Large enough and so configured that a worker can bodily

enter it, and

2. Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and

3. Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.146
What is a Confined Space – Part 2

According to OSHA
29 CFR 1910.146b
A confined space is defined as:

1. Large enough and so configured that a worker can bodily

enter it, and

2. Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and

3. Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.146
Confined Space Training

• What is a Confined Space

When does it become

•
Module-1b Permit Required?
• What are the Hazards

• Training
When does it become Permit Required?
Permit Required Confined Space has one or more of the
following characteristics:

 1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous

atmosphere;

 2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing

an entrant;

 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could

be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or
by sloped/tapered floors.
 When does it become Permit
Required? – Part 2

Example of a
permit-required
confined space.
When does it become Permit Required? - Part 3
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
PER
SON
AL
ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND INITIAL FORM (PLEASE PRINT)EYE PRO PROTE
HEA TE CTIV
RING CTION

Permit-required
Entry Supervisor: E EQ
PRO P UIPM
 Department(s) Involved:
Location of Space:
BOO
G LO
TEC ROTECT
TS
VES
T IVE CL
OT H
IO N
ING
(spec
Safe EN
ty Gla T (Che
sses ck m
anda
Face tory

confined space
HAR ify) Shie item
(be specific) D HA ld s)
RES T Rubb
PIRA er Othe
T OR Rubb Slip P r: (sp
Work to be Accomplished: FALL e r reven ecify
)
Leath tion
RET PROTEC

entry
Authorized Entrant(s): er Stee
RIEV TION Air P l toes
(Non AL E / urifyin
-entr Q g Cotto
Authorized Attendant(s): OT H y res UIPMEN Safe Supp n Othe
ER: (s cue) T ty Ha r: (sp
rness lied a Othe ec
Entry Date(s) & Time(s): ADD pecif
y)
Mech
anica & Lifeli
ir r: (sp ify)
ITION Othe l: (spec n es O th er: (s ecify
r: p )
(Permit is AL IN of space)
limited to one project at location (spec
ify)
ify) Anch ecify)
ST or po
PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List) CONTROLS (Check all that apply) RUCTIO ints:
(spec
NS ify)
ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
Oxygen Deficiency Continuous

Permit is required
Oxygen Enrichment Periodic (Give interval)

 Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
(Prim
VENTILATION ary) A
TTENair
ATContinuous forced DAN

whenever there is Other Toxic gases/vapors MOSExhaust

Local
T (Pri
PHE nt & In
Natural RIC T itial)
E STS
(Che D A TE
ck

a hazard
ENGULFMENT ISOLATION the a
O2 ppropria
Lockout/Tagout te on (verifi
CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT) (oxy (Specify) gen) es) (B e d all
L EL ump cond
MECHANICAL Time test itions
(Low on A are m
Initia 19.5 CO p ir Mo et be
ELECTRICAL ls T es t
– 23.5 Explo er pm
nitor
is re fore e
result sive (carb quire ntry)
SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES < 10% d pri
s BE
FO R LEL mono on H2S
p
or to
usin
E s pa xid (hydro pm
HEAT STRESS T e
Blanking/Blinding
st res ce pre 3 5 pp e) g Explo
g)
ults
After para
tion
m sulfid en sive d
OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS Double Block & Bleed s e) ust
REC p ace p 1 0 ppm
(e.g. radiation, noise, etc) HEC re parati Othe
KS
Line Breaking/Misalign on < LFL r

Or potential
5 Ft.


Other Visib
ility _
PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY

hazard
BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL
ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply) TOOLS / EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
Visual Rope ENT AIR MONITOR
Voice Radio RATripod
NT(s w/ mechanical winch
) (pri
Other (specify) Explosionntproof
name lighting
& init
Intrinsically Safe Tools ials&
) Electrical Equip. GFCI
Time
Contact Rescue Service Ladders In/ou
t
Att
with what method? FIRE EXTINGUISHER Water ABC . Initials
Time
(Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.) In/ou
t
Att. In
Other itials
Time
In/ou
HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED t
Att. In
ENTR itials
SDS (Reviewed) Y SU
PER
VISO
R (P
RESCUE PROCEDURES rint &
BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency
Initia Number First!
l)
EMERGENCY PHONE # Back-up emergency
(Re # turn p DATE
e
STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency” NEVER ENTER SPACE tormattempt
it wit rescue.
ha
Proje
ct co
ttachm Proje mple
ents to ct ca ted
Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? YES NO / Additional entries YES NO Departm ncell
ed YES
ent Sa YES NO
Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? YES NO fety C
ontac NO
t) Entry
If not, where is location of rescue equipment? Supe
rviso
r (I nitial)
Confined Space Training

• What is a Confined Space

• When does it become

Module-3 Permit Required?

• What are the Hazards

• Training
 What are the Hazards?
 Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces
 Asphyxiating - Oxygen  Toxic Materials
Deficiency – Carbon Monoxide
– <19.5% or >23.5% oxygen – Hydrogen Sulphide
concentration – Welding fumes
– Corrosives
 CO2
 Mechanical Hazards
 CO2 is toxic in higher – Mixers
concentrations: – Crushers
 1% (10,000 ppm) will make – Engulfment
some people feel drowsy. – Soil around an excavation
 Concentrations of 7% to – Grain in a silo
10% cause dizziness, – Powdered material in a bin
headache, visual and
hearing dysfunction, and
unconsciousness within a
few minutes to an hour.
 What are the Hazards? – Part 2
 Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces
Asphyxiating - Oxygen
 Electricity  Toxic Materials
Deficiency – Carbon Monoxide
 Flammable -
– <19.5% or >23.5% oxygen
– Hydrogen Sulphide
Welding fumes
Combustibles
concentration –
– Corrosives
 CO2
– Methane  Mechanical Hazards
 CO2 is toxic in higher – Mixers
– Hydrogen
concentrations: – Crushers
– Acetylene
1% (10,000 ppm) will make – Engulfment
some people feel drowsy.
– Soil around an excavation
– Propane
Concentrations of 7% to – Grain in a silo
– Gasoline fumes
10% cause dizziness,
headache, visual and
– Powdered material in a bin
hearing dysfunction, and
unconsciousness within a
few minutes to an hour.
Gasses

What are the Hazards? – Part 3

Combustibility
What are the Hazards? – Part 4
Engulfment
What are the Hazards? – Part 5
Mechanical What are the Hazards? – Part 6
Biological
What are the Hazards? – Part 7
Chemical
What are the Hazards? – Part 8
Extreme What are the Hazards? – Part 9
Temperatures
Hazards from
Animals What are the Hazards? – Part 10
Confined Space Training

• What is a Confined Space

• When does it become

Module-4 Permit Required?

• What are the Hazards

• Training
Confined Space Training

OSHA 1910.146(g) Training

The employer shall provide training so that all employees

whose work is regulated by this section acquire the
understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe
performance of the duties assigned under this section.
Confined Space Training – Part 2
OSHA 1910.146(g) Training
Training shall be provided to each affected employee:

 Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;

 Before there is a change in assigned duties;

 Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a

hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;

 Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are
deviations from the permit space entry procedures.
Confined Space Training – Part 3
Confined Space Entry

 Entry:

The action by which a person passes through an

opening into a permit-required confined space;
Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space
and is considered to have occurred as soon as any
part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an
opening into the space.
 Confined Space Training – Part 4
Confined Space Personnel

 Authorized Entrant
Enters the confined space

 Authorized Attendant
Stands watch outside the entry point of the space

 Entry Supervisor
Oversees entry, ensures conformity to permit &
acceptable conditions for entry
 Confined Space Training – Part 5
Confined Space Personnel

 Authorized Entrant

The employee who will

physically enter the confined
space to perform the work.
 Confined Space Training – Part 6
Confined Space Personnel

 Authorized Attendant
The employee who remains
outside the confined space
and;

• monitors the entrant(s)

• guards the space against
unauthorized entry
• warns the entrants of any unusual
conditions
• and summons the rescue personnel
if needed.
 Confined Space Training – Part 7
Confined Space Personnel

 Entry Supervisor
The employee who remains
outside the confined space
and;

• warns the entrants of any unusual

conditions

• Completes Permits,

• ensures conformity to permit &

acceptable conditions for entry
Confined Space Training – Part 8
Confined Space Permits
Confined Space Training – Part 9
Confined Space Permits
 Confined Space Training
Confined Space Permits
– Part 10
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
EYE PROTECTION Safety Glasses Face Shield Other: (specify)
ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND INITIAL FORM (PLEASE PRINT)
HEARING PROTECTION
Entry Supervisor: PROTECTIVE CLOTHING (specify)
Department(s) Involved: BOOTS Rubber Slip Prevention Steel toes Other: (specify)
Location of Space: GLOVES Rubber Leather Cotton Other: (specify)
(be specific) HARD HAT
RESPIRATOR Air Purifying Supplied air Other: (specify)
Work to be Accomplished:
Authorized Entrant(s): FALL PROTECTION/ Safety Harness & Lifelines Anchor points: (specify)
Authorized Attendant(s): RETRIEVAL EQUIPMENT Mechanical: (specify)
(Non-entry rescue) Other: (specify)
Entry Date(s) & Time(s): OTHER: (specify)
(Permit is limited to one project at location of space)
PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List) CONTROLS (Check all that apply) ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
Oxygen Deficiency Continuous
Oxygen Enrichment Periodic (Give interval)
Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
Carbon Monoxide VENTILATION
Hydrogen Sulfide Continuous forced air
Other Toxic gases/vapors Local Exhaust
Natural (Primary) ATTENDANT (Print & Initial) DATE (verified all conditions are met before entry)

ENGULFMENT ISOLATION
ATMOSPHERIC TESTS (Check the appropriate ones) (Bump test on Air Monitor is required prior to using)
CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT) Lockout/Tagout (Specify)
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
O2 LEL CO ppm H2S ppm Explosive dust Other
(oxygen) (Lower (carbon (hydrogen
SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES
Explosive monoxide) sulfide) _
HEAT STRESS Blanking/Blinding 19.5 – 23.5 < 10% LEL 35 ppm 10 ppm < LFL 5 Ft. Visibility
OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS Double Block & Bleed Time Initials Test results BEFORE space preparation
(e.g. radiation, noise, etc) Line Breaking/Misalign
Other Test results After space preparation
PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL RECHECKS
ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply) TOOLS / EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
Visual Rope AIR MONITOR
Voice Radio Tripod w/ mechanical winch
Other (specify) Explosion proof lighting
Intrinsically Safe Tools & Electrical Equip. GFCI
Contact Rescue Service Ladders
with what method? FIRE EXTINGUISHER Water ABC
(Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.)
Other ENTRANT(s) (print name & initials) Time In/out Att. Initials Time In/out Att. Initials Time In/out Att. Initials

HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED

SDS (Reviewed)

RESCUE PROCEDURES BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency Number First!
EMERGENCY PHONE # Back-up emergency #
STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency” NEVER ENTER SPACE to attempt rescue.

Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? YES NO / Additional entries YES NO Project completed YES NO
Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? YES NO ENTRY SUPERVISOR (Print & Initial) DATE Project cancelled YES NO
If not, where is location of rescue equipment? Entry Supervisor (Initial)
U.S. Bethel Safety Program Page 1 January 1, 2016 (Return permit with attachments to Department Safety Contact)
 Confined Space Training
Confined Space Permits
– Part 11
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
EYE PROTECTION Safety Glasses Face Shield Other: (specify)
ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND INITIAL FORM (PLEASE PRINT)
HEARING PROTECTION
Entry Supervisor: PROTECTIVE CLOTHING (specify)
Department(s) Involved: BOOTS Rubber Slip Prevention Steel toes Other: (specify)
Location of Space: GLOVES Rubber Leather Cotton Other: (specify)
(be specific) HARD HAT
RESPIRATOR Air Purifying Supplied air Other: (specify)
Work to be Accomplished:
Authorized Entrant(s): FALL PROTECTION/ Safety Harness & Lifelines Anchor points: (specify)
Authorized Attendant(s): RETRIEVAL EQUIPMENT Mechanical: (specify)
(Non-entry rescue) Other: (specify)
Entry Date(s) & Time(s): OTHER: (specify)
(Permit is limited to one project at location of space)
PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List) CONTROLS (Check all that apply) ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
Oxygen Deficiency Continuous
Oxygen Enrichment Periodic (Give interval)
Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
Carbon Monoxide VENTILATION
Hydrogen Sulfide Continuous forced air
Other Toxic gases/vapors Local Exhaust
Natural (Primary) ATTENDANT (Print & Initial) DATE (verified all conditions are met before entry)

ENGULFMENT ISOLATION
ATMOSPHERIC TESTS (Check the appropriate ones) (Bump test on Air Monitor is required prior to using)
CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT) Lockout/Tagout (Specify)
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL
O2 LEL CO ppm H2S ppm Explosive dust Other
(oxygen) (Lower (carbon (hydrogen
SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES
Explosive monoxide) sulfide) _
HEAT STRESS Blanking/Blinding 19.5 – 23.5 < 10% LEL 35 ppm 10 ppm < LFL 5 Ft. Visibility
OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS Double Block & Bleed Time Initials Test results BEFORE space preparation
(e.g. radiation, noise, etc) Line Breaking/Misalign
Other Test results After space preparation
PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL RECHECKS
ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply) TOOLS / EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
Visual Rope AIR MONITOR
Voice Radio Tripod w/ mechanical winch
Other (specify) Explosion proof lighting
Intrinsically Safe Tools & Electrical Equip. GFCI
Contact Rescue Service Ladders
with what method? FIRE EXTINGUISHER Water ABC
(Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.)
Other ENTRANT(s) (print name & initials) Time In/out Att. Initials Time In/out Att. Initials Time In/out Att. Initials

HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED

SDS (Reviewed)

RESCUE PROCEDURES BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency Number First!
EMERGENCY PHONE # Back-up emergency #
STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency” NEVER ENTER SPACE to attempt rescue.

Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? YES NO / Additional entries YES NO Project completed YES NO
Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? YES NO ENTRY SUPERVISOR (Print & Initial) DATE Project cancelled YES NO
If not, where is location of rescue equipment? Entry Supervisor (Initial)
U.S. Bethel Safety Program Page 1 January 1, 2016 (Return permit with attachments to Department Safety Contact)
Confined Space Training – Part 12
Confined Space Permits

Atmosphere Testing Must Be Performed

 Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;

 After a 10-minute ventilation period (if ventilation is

necessary);

 At least hourly for permit-required confined spaces. NOTE: A

good practice is to re-test the atmosphere after breaks or
having been out of the confined space for a period of time.

 More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.

Confined Space Training – Part 13
Confined Space Permits

Atmosphere Testing Must Be Performed

 Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;

 After a 10-minute ventilation period (if ventilation is

necessary);

 At least hourly for permit-required confined spaces. NOTE: A

good practice is to re-test the atmosphere after breaks or
having been out of the confined space for a period of time.

 More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.

Confined Space Training – Part 14
Evacuation & Rescue
 Procedures clearly spelled-out.

 Rescue teams made available, Means of contact provided.

 Appropriate equipment available; retrieval systems for non-

entry rescue; vertical >5 ft.

 In-house rescue teams are OPTIONAL!

 Dial 911 & notify of confined space emergency, you may

attempt retrieval at that point.
Confined Space Training – Part 15
Training: Must Be Certified In Writing

 for each affected employee

 before first assignment & with changes

 deviations from space entry procedures

 shall establish employee proficiency

Confined Space Training – Review
 Knowledge Check

1. What is a Confined Space?

 Knowledge Check – Part 2

1. What is a Confined Space?

A Confined Space is defined as:

 Large enough and so configured that a worker can

bodily enter it, and

 Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and

 Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.

 Knowledge Check – Part 3
2. What is a Permit Required Confined
Space?
 Knowledge Check – Part 4
2. What is a Permit Required Confined
Space?

Permit Required Confined Space has one or more of the following

characteristics:

 1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;

 2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;

 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or

asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors.
 Knowledge Check – Part 5
3. Who are the Qualified workers?
 Knowledge Check – Part 6
3. Who are the Qualified workers?

 The Supervisor – trained, competent, fills in permits,

supervises the work & terminates the entry if needed or
when completed

 The Entrant – trained & authorized to enter. Performs

the work.

 The Attendant – trained & authorized

 Knowledge Check – Part 7
4. What is the primary reason for using a
retrieval system for work within a Permit
Required Confined Space?
 Knowledge Check – Part 8
4. What is the primary reason for using a
retrieval system for work within a Permit
Required Confined Space?

 To allow the attendant to perform a Non-Entry Rescue if

problems develop during the entry.

NOTE: Because of the inherent dangers of this work, Only

a Trained and Authorized Rescue Team can enter to assist
the Entrant (worker)
 Additional Resources
 OSHA website: http://www.osha.gov and OSHA offices: Call
or Write (800-321-OSHA)

 Compliance Assistance Specialists in the area offices

 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

(NIOSH) – OSHA’s sister agency

 OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

 Public libraries