THYROID UPTAKE SYSTEM

ATOMLAB 930
OPERATION MANUAL
187-010
187-020
187-025
187-015

BIODEX
Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.
20 Ramsay Road, Shirley, New York, 11967-4704, Tel: 800-224-6339 (In NY and Int’l, call 631-924-9000), Fax: 631-924-9338, Email: sales@biodex.com, www.biodex.com

FN: 05-119 4/05

THYROID UPTAKE SYSTEM ATOMLAB 930

This manual covers installation and operation procedures

for the following products:
#187-010 Thyroid Uptake System, Atomlab 930, 115 V
#187-020 Thyroid Uptake System, Atomlab 930, 115 V, Tabletop
#187-020 Thyroid Uptake System, Atomlab 930, 230 V, Mobile
#187-020 Thyroid Uptake System, Atomlab 930, 230 V, Tabletop

NOTE: All or some of the following symbols, cautions, warnings and notes may apply to your Gait Trainer 2 and
correspond to this operation manual:

Symbol Meaning
Attention, consult accompanying documents.
Symbol signification: Attention, se référer à la notice.
!
!

CAUTION: Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a medical practitioner. When prescribed
for therapeutic purpose, a physician should clearly define the parameters of use (i.e., total work, maximum heart
rate, etc.) to reduce the risk of patient injury.

0413
 IMPORTANT NOTE
• Before you use this device, be certain to read the entire manual. Failure to read this manual may
result in user error or inaccurate data.

WARRANTY
ATOMLAB Thyroid Uptake Systems carry the industry’s best warranty.

Biodex Medical Systems backs ATOMLAB Thyroid Uptake Systems with a truly comprehensive full one-
year warranty.

With this one-year warranty, quality assurance, guaranteed delivery from stock, and responsive customer
service, Biodex Medical Systems gives the nuclear medicine field the right answer… ATOMLAB Thyroid
Uptake Systems.

—3— INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction............................................................................................................... 7

2. Setup Instructions .................................................................................................... 9

• Components and Parts .............................................................................................. 9
• Setup Procedure ........................................................................................................ 9
• Power-Up and Self-Test........................................................................................... 11

3. Programming System Parameters .................................................................... 13

• General Setup ......................................................................................................... 13
• Change Isotope ROI ............................................................................................... 13
• Print Draft/Letter Quality....................................................................................... 14
• Set Clock ................................................................................................................ 15
• Adjusting the Contrast ........................................................................................... 15
• Title........................................................................................................................ 15

4. Operation ................................................................................................................ 17
• Mode Selection........................................................................................................ 17
• Calibration and Chi-Square (Mode #6) .................................................................... 17
• Calibration Setup .................................................................................................... 20
• Calibration Procedure (Includes Chi-Square) ........................................................... 23
• Mode #1: Thyroid Uptake Analysis......................................................................... 23
• Thyroid Uptake Setup............................................................................................. 24
• Thyroid Uptake Procedure ...................................................................................... 27
• Mode #2: Employee Bioassay .................................................................................. 32
• Bioassay Setup ........................................................................................................ 32
• Employee Bioassay Procedure.................................................................................. 34
• Mode #3: Wipe Test................................................................................................ 35
• Wipe Test Setup...................................................................................................... 35
• Wipe Test Procedure ............................................................................................... 46
• Mode #4: Schilling Measurement ............................................................................ 46
• Schilling Measurement Setup .................................................................................. 47
• Schilling Measurement Procedure ........................................................................... 47
• Mode #5: MCA Manual Mode................................................................................. 52
• MCA Manual Mode Setup....................................................................................... 52
• MCA Manual Mode Procedure ................................................................................ 53

Appendix I............................................................................................................... 59
• Atomlab 930 Error Messages .................................................................................. 59

Appendix II.............................................................................................................. 61
• System Specifications .............................................................................................. 61

Appendix III............................................................................................................. 62
• Electromagnetic Compatability............................................................................... 62

Appendix IV ............................................................................................................ 65
• Schematics .............................................................................................................. 65

CONTENTS —5—
1. INTRODUCTION

The Atomlab 930 is a complete thyroid uptake and analysis system specifically designed for nuclear
medicine. Capable of performing a full range of studies this system provides fast, accurate results for
Uptake Studies, Bioassays, Wipe Testing, Manual MCA Analysis, and Schilling Tests programmed for the
Mallinckrodt, Squibb or Medi+Physics Dicopac® kits.

The heart of the Atomlab 930 is a microprocessor-controlled 256 channel Multi-Channel Analyzer,
coupled to a 2" x 2" NaI(Tl) detector. The system offers simple, straight-forward operation using seven
pre-programmed isotope keys and menu-driven prompts to guide the user step by step through each
procedure. Pre-programmed keys include I-123, I-125, I-131, Co-57, Cr-51, Tc-99m and Cs-137. A user-
defined <Other> key also allows for isotope identification while a 32K memory printer provides hard
copy printouts for patient and department record keeping.

The Atomlab 930 has a memory of 25 patients, allowing storage of up to four uptakes on each. Additional
features include an automatic self-diagnostic program, automatic calibration mode, choice of automatic
or manual counting time for uptake studies, and automatic isotope decay correction of uptake
measurements. These features help make this the most simple and accurate thyroid uptake system
available today.

—7— INTRODUCTION
2. SETUP INSTRUCTIONS

Components and Parts

Before beginning to set up and position your new Atomlab 930 Uptake System, check to ensure that you
have received each of the components and parts ordered. The following list shows all components and
parts available for the Atomlab 930 system.

• Model #187-903 MCA Display Unit

• Power Cord
• Model #187-220 Uptake Stand (Optional)
• Model #187-901 printer with cables
• Model #187-796 Detector Unit (Optional)
• Model #187-246 Well Counter (Optional)
• Model #101-103 Cs-137 10 µCi Check Source (Optional)

Setup Procedure
(See Figure 1)

1. Remove the Atomlab 930 Display Unit from its packaging and place it on the large shelf of the uptake
stand. The display unit keyboard should face toward the front of the stand where the user will be
positioned.

2. Place the printer on the top shelf of the uptake stand.

3. If you have an optional well, secure it to the well support shelf at the bottom of the uptake stand. To
do this, use a slotted screwdriver to remove the two holding brackets. Slide the well into position and
replace the brackets. Now tighten down both brackets to securely lock the well in place.

4. Ensure that the display unit power switch is in the OFF position.

5. Insert the power cord plug through the cable hole and into the back of the display unit. The male end
of the power cord goes to a wall socket.

6. Loosen the collimator locking knob and rotate the collimator into a vertical position with the distance
rod facing down (front of collimator). Tighten the locking knob.

7. If necessary, adjust the uptake arm height. To do this, loosen the locking knob on the vertical column
of the uptake stand. The uptake arm is counterbalanced so it will slide easily up or down the stand.
When you are satisfied with the height, tighten the locking knob to lock the uptake arm in place.

8. Near the top of the collimator, locate the set screw. Use a 1/32" Allen wrench to loosen the screw in a
counterclockwise direction until it retreats enough to allow passage of the tube assembly.

9. Remove the tube assembly and base from its packaging. You will notice that a “grounding strap” is
wrapped around the base and detector. This is necessary to properly ground the detector shroud to
the base and stabilize the count rate.

10. Carefully insert the detector and base assembly into the cone shaped collar and slide downward until
the entire assembly is inserted. Tighten the set screw to secure the detector in place.

NOTE: Do not force the assembly into position, you may dent the shroud and damage the detector. If it will not
slide easily into place, ensure that the set screw has been sufficiently loosened.

11. If you have a probe, connect the detector cables to the labeled connectors on the back of the display
unit. To do this, run the cables under the arm and up through the cable hole on the upper shelf. Use
the cable tie, at midpoint on the bottom of the stand arm, to secure the cables. The cables need to be
positioned so that when the collimator is rotated up they will not be pulled too tightly against the
cable tie.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS —9—

1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 1. The MCA Uptake Stand.

— 10 — SETUP INSTRUCTIONS
CONTENTS

The cables connect via a twist lock mechanism. Be sure to twist them on the display unit until locked
in position. The cable with the short connector (BNC - thin cable) goes to the probe input signal plug.
The cable with the longer connector (MHV - thicker cable) goes to the probe high voltage plug.

If using a well, you’ll need to connect one end of each cable to the well and the other end to the
display unit. With the well positioned on the bottom shelf, connect each cable to the well and run
both cables up through the display shelf cable hole and connect them to the appropriate display unit.
Use a cable tie to secure the cables. The cables connect to the display unit via a twist lock mechanism.
Be sure to twist them on the display unit connectors until locked in position. The cable with the short
connector (BNC - thin cable) goes to the well input signal plug. The cable with the longer connector
(MHV - thicker cable) goes to the well high voltage plug.

12. Attach the printer cable’s 25 pin serial connector to the top serial port on the printer’s back panel.
Attach the free end of the cable (9 pin connector) to the data port on the back of the display unit.

13. Connect the printer power cord to the “printer” connector on the rear of the display unit.

14. Place a stack of fan-fold paper in the paper tray beneath the printer. Feed the paper up around the
back of the printer and position on the printer’s tractor drive so that it is ready to print. Refer to the
“Operation” instruction card provided with your printer for details on paper installation.

15. Ensure the uptake stand is positioned as desired. Press down on all four brake locking levers to lock
the stand in place.

Power-Up and Self-Test

(See Figure 2)

At this point, your Atomlab 930 Thyroid Uptake System should be operational. It is recommended that
the system be turned ON at least one hour before use or, if possible, left on at all times. This will provide
optimum performance and will not effect the longevity of any part or component.

To power-up and run the self-test:

1. Turn the printer ON first.

2. Reach behind the Atomlab 930 and flip the POWER ON switch to the ON position. The system
immediately begins an automatic self-test to ensure all aspects are functioning properly. The self-test
includes:

• Display Unit/MCA firmware and hardware checks

• Display LED/LCD test
• Printout of test information

At conclusion of the self-test, the system generates a printed report to display calibration information and
software versions for the display unit and MCA.

The “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” message and the current date are now displayed on the screen. The
system is ready for use.

NOTE: Before using the system for the first time, be sure to set the High Voltage and perform the calibration
procedures explained Chapter 4. For quality assurance purposes, the system should be turned ON at least two hours
prior to performing these procedures for initial setup (or any time the system has been turned off for a substantial
period of time).

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS — 11 —
1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 2. A sample Power-Up and Self-Test report.

— 12 — SETUP INSTRUCTIONS
3. PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PARAMETERS

General Setup
Before using the Atomlab 930 for counting purposes, it is important that you take a few minutes and
address several general system parameters which are used in all modes. These include:

• Change ROI from presets (select different isotope)

• Print Draft/Letter Quality
• Setting the system clock
• Adjusting display contrast
• Entering a facility title and address to show on all printed reports

Prompts for each of these parameters appear in sequence as the user advances through the Program
System Parameters (General Setup) loop. You can set each parameter in sequence, or skip any sequence
by pressing <Setup> at the appropriate prompt. To begin, press <Setup> at the “Mode #” prompt. The
first option displayed is “Select Different Isotope” (change ROI from presets).

NOTE: Press the <Clear> key to abort any option in progress, or remove any entry before it has been saved. The
system will return you to the previous screen or the current entry screen.

After completing the Program System Parameters loop and choosing a mode, you’ll also need to program
mode-specific parameters in the Mode Setup loop for each individual mode. This procedure is explained
individually for each mode. Following is an explanation of general system parameters only.

Change Isotope ROI

The Atomlab 930 allows the user to choose between using preset isotope (or <Other> key) settings,
adjusting ROI settings for the preset isotopes, or selecting a new isotope and entering the Region Of Interest.

How is ROI Determined?

The preset ROI energy window values do not change as the user switches between well or probe,
regardless of the mode selected (i.e., Uptake, Schilling, MCA, etc.). The ROI is defined in units of energy
(keV) and then converted to channel numbers with the keV/channel slope value that is measured during
calibration. The channel number for the ROI values can and will change from probe to well if the
calibration keV/channel is different between probe and well.

Example: Tc-99m has a peak energy of 140.5 keV according to the radionuclide decay scheme. The
Atomlab 930 uses a default of ± 15% energy window around the peak energy. These values calculate to be
119 keV to 162 keV and are printed on the Self-Test report. When either the probe or well is selected, the
ROI channels are calculated based upon the Cs-137 calibration results for that particular detector. If the
calculation of the probe results in a 1.51 keV/channel on gain 8, the Tc-99m default gain, the channel ROI
will be 119 keV/1.51 keV channel = channel 79 and 162/1.51 = channel 107. For the well detector, we
might have a calibration of 1.33 keV/channel. In this case, the ROI channels will calculate channel 89 to
122. Even though the ROI channels are different, the energy windows are the same. This will become
apparent when the spectrum for each detector is printed.

NOTE: It is not necessary to fix a symmetrical percent around the peak. In fact, some isotopes are multi-peaked,
which can cause an asymmetric spectrum.

NOTE: If you change the ROI, the high count rate correction will automatically reset to zero.

Because the calibration values for the probe and well can be significantly different from each other, the high
voltage must be set for each detector so that the spectrums appear in the same location. The calibration
value is printed below the channel values on the spectrum report printout. After calibration (mode #6),
print the spectrum. High Voltage Adjustment is discussed in the next section of this manual. Keep in mind
that if a calibration is performed you must save the result in order to have it used in ROI calculations.

PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PARAMETERS — 13 —

1. INTRODUCTION

Change Isotope ROI Procedure

1. At the “Change ROI” prompt, press any isotope key to change the Region Of Interest of that isotope,
or press <Setup> to skip and advance to the next setup prompt, High Voltage Adjustment.

2. If you select an isotope, the screen will display the isotope name and its gain setting (see chart below
for gain settings).

Gain Max keV Half Scale

1 3000 1500
2 1500 750
4 750 375
8 375 187
12 250 125
48 64 32

A. Lower Level Discriminator (LLD) = 0.85 times the lowest Peak keV of interest.
B. Upper Level Discriminator (ULD) = 1.15 times the highest Peak keV of interest.
C. Use the Setup mode to enter the Gain, LLD and ULD.

3. Use the <Up Arrow/BKGND> or <*/Down Arrow> keys to set the new gain value such that the
highest Peak keV is at less than or equal to the half-scale. Press <Save> to save the new gain setting or
press <Setup> to return to the default setting.

NOTE: It is preferable for the peak energy to be less than or equal to one-half full scale. This is especially
important for eliminating spectrum broadening at very high count rates.

Example: For I-123 with an energy peak of 159 keV, gain is preset to 8. The maximum energy on a gain
of one = 3,000 keV. For gain = 8, max energy is 375 keV, half max is 187 keV. For gain = 12, max
energy is 250 keV, half max is 125 keV. The 159 keV peak is both closer to and less than 187.

4. If you have saved the new gain setting, the system now displays the isotope name and its ROI
minimum keV (noted as Lower Level Discriminator on printout). Press <Save> to save or adjust the
value with the <Up Arrow/BKGND> or <*/Down Arrow> keys and then press <Save> to save.

5. The screen should now display the Max keV value (Upper Level Discriminator). Press <Save> to
save, or adjust the value with the <Up Arrow/BKGND> or <*/Down Arrow> keys and then press
<Save> to save. The system returns to the “Change ROI” prompt.

6. If desired, change the settings for other isotopes at this point, or press <Setup> to advance to the next
setup function, Print Draft/Letter Quality.

Print Draft/Letter Quality

Your Panasonic printer can provide hard copy in either draft or letter quality formats. Draft copy takes less
time to print out, letter quality copy is sharper and generally used for any type of “official” report. At this
point, the printer status, Draft or Letter, should be displayed. The system is factory set for draft quality.

If the print status shown is desired, press <Setup> to skip to the next parameter function, Set Clock.

To change the print status:

1. Press <Enter> to toggle between Draft and Letter quality.

2. Press <Setup> to select the displayed status and advance to the Set Clock function.

— 14 — PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PARAMETERS

CONTENTS

Set Clock
The Atomlab 930 clock and calendar are factory set to display the correct date and time. The display
arrow pointer is always present on the display screen when the “Set Clock” prompt appears.
To change the date or time:
1. Use the number keys to enter an entire new time and date. You cannot change just one digit, you must re-
key them all. As you enter each digit, the arrow pointer moves to the next until you enter the last digit. At
that point, the new time and date are automatically saved and the system advances to the “Adjust
Contrast” prompt.

2. If you make a mistake while entering, press <Clear>. The arrow pointer will return to the first digit of
the date, allowing you to start over. Press <Clear> a second time to return to the “Mode #” prompt,
or press <Setup> to advance to the “Adjust Contrast” prompt.

Adjusting the Contrast

The display contrast is adjustable from very light to very dark.

1. At the “Adjust The Contrast” prompt, press the <Up Arrow/ Bkgnd> key to darken the contrast.
Press the <*/Down Arrow> key to lighten the contrast.

2. When satisfied with the contrast, press <Setup> to advance to the “Title” prompt.

Title
Enter the facility name and address at this prompt. The name you enter will print out at the top of all
reports. The system uses the ASCII format. You have four lines to work with and each line will be
centered on the report. Enter up to a total of 120 characters for the four lines (combined).

Titles scroll across the display from right to left as you press the <Count/Enter> key. When your Atomlab 930
system arrives, only the letter “Y” (at the far right of the screen) will be visible as the title prompt appears. There
will be an <Up Arrow> beneath the “Y”. The <Up Arrow> will always appear under the letter to change or select.

NOTE: Be careful when entering characters at the “Title” prompt. Once you select a character, you cannot remove
or edit it without returning to the first “Title” prompt and re-entering all the data.

To enter a new title:

1. Press the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> key to scroll though the ASCII list of letters,
numbers and symbols. The letter above the arrow pointer on the display will change with each press of
the key. There is a set of lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers 1-0 and useful symbols.

2. To select any character displayed above the arrow pointer on the display, press <Count/Enter>. The
selected character moves to the left and a new character appears above the pointer arrow.

3. Press <Count/Enter> to select the next character if it is correct, or scroll through the ASCII list until
the appropriate character is displayed, and then press <Count/Enter>. Continue until you have
entered the entire first word of your title.

4. After completing the first word of your title, scroll through the ASCII list and select the blank space.
You may now enter the second word of your title.

5. After completing the first line of your title, (i.e., facility name), select the ASCII symbol for line end
(↵). This will cause the title to start a second line. Proceed as above until you have entered the entire
title. You may wish to enter the facility phone number as the fourth line of the title.

6. Once you have finished entering the title, select the line end (↵) symbol until the title is saved. The
entry is automatically saved and the system is now ready for you to select an operating mode.

PROGRAMMING SYSTEM PARAMETERS — 15 —

4. OPERATION

Mode Selection
Following the general Program System Parameters loop, the screen presents the currently selected mode.
If you are using the system for the first time and began in mode #1, the message “Mode #1 Thyroid
Uptake” should appear on your screen at this point.

You may now select a mode in which to operate (although you will have to perform a daily calibration
before making any measurements). Simply press the <Up Arrow> or <Down Arrow> thumbwheel keys
to scroll through your choices. The following modes are available:

Mode #1: Thyroid Uptake

Mode #2: Employee Bioassay
Mode #3: Wipe Test
Mode #4: Schilling Measurement
Mode #5: MCA Manual Use
Mode #6: Calibration

To select any mode, press the flashing <Select> key while the mode number is displayed on the small (left
side) display and described on the larger (right side) display. The number lock LED will come on. Once
the number lock is activated, all keys perform “lower case” functions (i.e., the <Count/Enter> key
function is <Enter>, the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> key function is <Up Arrow>). The number lock activates
numbers 0-9, <Up Arrow>, <Down Arrow>, and the <Save> keys.

To cancel the current mode, press <Clear>. You can now scroll through the mode choices again, if desired.

NOTE: A daily calibration must be performed before the Atomlab 930 will allow you to continue beyond this point.
The daily calibration routine is accessible through each of the Atomlab 930’s six modes, as explained below. The Chi-
Square test is accessed through Mode #6 only.

Calibration and Chi-Square (Mode #6)

(See Figures 3 and 4)

NOTE: The system must be ON for at least one hour before performing a calibration. This will allow time for the
unit to warm-up and stabilize.

For initial setup, skip ahead and perform HV adjustment prior to calibration.

A system calibration must be performed each day the Atomlab 930 is to be used. Separate calibrations are
performed for the probe and well. The system keeps an internal listing of its last calibration date and will
not allow measurement procedures to commence until this requirement has been met. Standard
calibration may be performed from any of the Atomlab 930’s six operating modes but the Chi-Square Test
is accessed only through “Mode #6, Calibration”. The Chi-Square Test runs automatically once started
and the results print out upon request.

For the daily calibration, the system prompts the user through the calibration process for well or probe.
The user, in the Calibration Mode Setup loop, determines if a manual time or automatic count mode is
preferred. The count mode selected is automatically programmed into the system and is used for the
entire calibration procedure. The results are numerically compared to a normal spectrum before
calibration is accepted. A report can then be generated with calibration data and a graph of the spectrum.
Full width at half maximum (FWHM) is determined by interpolation between the two immediate points
above and below the 50% value of the spectrum peak on both sides of the peak. The difference between
the two interpolated channel values is then divided by the channel of the peak itself and multiplied by
100% to arrive at FWHM. The peak is simply the maximum value in the spectrum.

— 17 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

Figure 3. A sample Daily Calibration Spectrum report.

OPERATION — 18 —
1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 4. A sample Chi-Square report.

— 19 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

If desired, you may perform additional calibrations on the same day. You need only calibrate the
detector(s) that will be used. Detectors that will not be used at this time do not need to be calibrated. If
desired, Daily Calibration can be bypassed in any of the six modes by pressing <Clear>. If the calibration
procedure is bypassed, however, the system will not be calibrated and your reading may be incorrect.
Bypassing Daily Calibration is not recommended.

The daily calibration Chi-Square Test and High Voltage Adjustment are performed using a 10 µCi Cs-137
button source. Once calibration is underway, the system’s unique differential spectrometer automatically
measures the peak height and subtracts the baseline which makes zero adjustment obsolete. It does this for
100,000 pulses and then plots the spectrum in internal memory. The peak channel is located and equated to
662 keV, which is the Cs-137 gamma energy. This gives the spectrometer the keV/channel which is used to
calibrate all the other isotope gains. Each clinical isotope has an ROI defined with lower and upper energy
limits. These energy limits are then converted to channels in the MCA when a particular isotope is counted.
Corrections are made of NaI non-linearity. The spectrum of calibration, or any isotope, is available in hard
copy by pressing <Spectrum>.

The multi-channel analyzer in the Atomlab 930 has several fixed precision gains and a regulated high
voltage supply. The pulse shapes are digitized and then processed by a high speed digital signal
processor. This processing results in a possible 256 pulse heights which has zero offset. A spectrum
results when a histogram of these pulse heights (channels) is plotted. Calibration of the spectrometer is
defined as knowing the energy equivalence of each channel. This is accomplished by determining the Cs-
137 spectrum and then calculating the ratio of the 662 keV/peak channel. After calibration, the report
should always print a peak value very close to 662 keV (some precision round-off may occur), and the
change in calibration will be reflected in the keV/channel slope value. The fine gain can be thought of as
a floating point numerical gain. The HV adjust will ultimately determine the maximum energy one can
measure on the gain selected. It can be calculated by multiplying the printed keV/channel times 256.

The Chi-Square Test is independent of the counting time, counting rate, and number of counts performed. For
this reason, Chi-Square is a very valuable test for a detector system which is recording truly random events. For
example, if systematic failure occurs at low counting rates but passes at high rates, there is an indication of a
non-random event occurring which is comparable to the low counting rates. Since time is precise to within 10
microseconds with a crystal controlled clock, 10 second count times should have very little error due to the
timer itself.

The number of counts performed is 10, which determines the number of degrees of freedom (9) for the
analysis. The lower limit is 4.168, the upper limit is 14.68. These correspond to a 90% probability for
passing, and 10% probability for failing, respectively. In all, one would expect a 20% failure rate
frequency for the Chi-Square test. It is not reasonable to always pass or always fail chi-square without
raising concerns that there may be a systematic problem in the detector or counter.

Calibration Setup
At the “Mode #6 Calibration” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key to access the Calibration Mode.
Now press <Setup> to enter the Calibration Mode Setup loop. In this loop you can:

• Set Count Time (Manual/Automatic)

• Select an isotope for high count rate correction
• Perform a High Voltage Adjustment
• Install or uninstall a well or probe

Press <Setup> to skip any parameter, or select the displayed parameter, and move onto the next prompt.
Remember, the parameters listed above, except for Set Count Time, will be set for all modes. The count
time setting will be for the Calibration mode only.

Set Count Time Procedure (Manual/Automatic)

The user can choose between setting the counting time manually or automatically. If manual counting is
selected, the user inputs the actual count time in the traditional manner. If automatic counting is selected,

OPERATION — 20 —
CONTENTS

the Atomlab 930 sets the count time based on the actual count rate. The system requires 300,000 counts in
automatic calibration to set the gain. During the first four seconds the number of counts is evaluated.
Based on this sampling, the system then displays the automatic count time.

1. At the “Mode #6” prompt, press <Select> to access the Calibration Mode. Now press <Setup> to
enter the Calibration Mode Setup loop. The display responds with a message stating the status of the
count time, either manual or automatic.

2. If you changed the count time status, press <Setup> to record the new status. To proceed with the
displayed status, press <Setup>. If you selected Manual, proceed to step #3. If you selected
Automatic, skip to step #4.

3. If you have selected Manual as the count time status, the display will next prompt you to enter the
Calibration Count Time in seconds. Enter the desired time and press <Save> to advance to the “High
Count Rate Correction” prompt.

4. If you have selected Automatic as the count time status, the display will next prompt you to press
<Enter> to set the Maximum Count Time or press <Setup> to skip. If you press <Enter>, the current
maximum count time will be displayed. Press <Setup> to keep the maximum count time displayed or
use the numbered keys to input a new maximum count time. Press <Save> to record a new count
time and advance to the “High Count Rate Correction” prompt.

High Count Rate Correction

High Count Rate Correction allows compensation for peak broadening at high count rates. Essentially,
the system determines the percent of total counts within the ROI, along with other ROI criteria including
peak channel, so that compensation can be provided. This only occurs at count rates exceeding 1.2 million
counts per minute (20,000 cps).

High count rate non-linearity Factor (NF) values are printed on the Power-Up and Self-Test reports. If
high count rate correction is used, it will be noted on the Spectrum Report.

NOTE: The system should be calibrated before performing the following procedure.

To select an isotope for High Count Rate Correction:

1. Select the desired isotope for High Count Rate Correction.

2. Select Well or Probe.

3. Position source at detector. (Keep ROI CPM < 100,001 to avoid getting a “Count Rate is too high” error.)

4. Press <Count>. When finished, the system gives an ROI percentage for the isotope.

5. Press <Save> to record the percentage. You can now select another isotope if desired.

NOTE: To keep the current isotope and advance to the “HV Adjustment” prompt without making a change, press
<Setup>.

Resetting High Count Rate Correction to Zero

To reset the high count correction value to zero:
1. From the Mode Selection Menu, prior to selecting any mode, press <Setup> to advance to the Change
ROI prompt.

2. Select the isotope to be reset to zero for high count rate correction.

3. Press <Save> to save the current gain.

— 21 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

4. Press <Save> to save the current minimum keV.

5. Press <Save> to save the current maximum keV.

Using the above procedure causes the Atomlab 930 to believe that the ROI for the system has been
modified. This prompts the 930 to automatically reset the high count correction to zero. At this point, the
system returns to the “Change ROI” prompt. You may now press <Clear> to return to the Mode Selection
Menu or continue on from the “Change ROI” prompt.

High Voltage Adjustment

High Voltage Adjustment should be performed only:
• If this is an initial setup or the system has been turned off for a substantial period of time
• If the system is to be used in a new environment or in the instance where a substantial environmental
change has been made (i.e., when using a new probe)
• If the system has been moved
• If the system has been repaired and returned
• If you suspect there are problems with the system

NOTE: If a probe and well are both used, then the high voltage adjustment must be set independently for each unit.
The system must be ON and warmed-up prior to setting the high voltage.

To bypass the High Voltage Adjustment:

1. Press <Setup>. The system advances to the “Well or Probe Installation” screen.

To perform a High Voltage Adjustment:

NOTE: Before beginning this procedure, ensure that the system has been turned ON for at least two hours.

1. At the “HV Adjustment” prompt, press <Enter>. The system prompts: “Are you sure?”

2. Press <Clear> to exit and advance to the “Well or Probe Installation” screen. Press <*> to continue.

3. Select <Well> or <Probe>. The system prompts you to position the 10 uCi (CS-137) button source
source at the detector.

4. Press <Clear> to exit or <Count> to begin HV adjustment. If you choose to begin, the system
responds with a message that the adjustment may take up to 10 minutes. When the High Voltage
Adjustment is complete, the screen will display the probe or well HV DAC setting. This number will
be 256 or lower.

5. Press <*> to advance to the “Well or Probe Installation” screen.

NOTE: Throughout this option, the <Clear> key will flash, serving to remind the user that this procedure can be
aborted at any time.

Probe or Well Installation

Well or probe installation is a simple toggle. On the screen, the system displays the current status of each
detector as being either “Installed” or “Not Installed”. The probe status is displayed first.

To change the probe or well status:

1. At the probe status prompt, press <Enter>. The probe status listing changes from “Installed” to “Not
Installed” or vice versa.

2. Press <Setup> to select the new status and advance to the well status prompt. Repeat the same procedure
for the well. When you are finished, the <Setup> LED stops flashing and the system advances to the
“Select Well or Probe” prompt. You are now ready to begin the calibration procedure.

OPERATION — 22 —
CONTENTS

Calibration Procedure (Includes Chi-Square)

NOTE: Press <Clear> at any point in the calibration procedure to exit and return to the “Mode #” prompt without
saving any new calibration data.

The Calibration Procedure can be performed from any of three starting points:

• At the “Select Well or Probe” prompt displayed immediately after selecting Mode #6
• At the “Select Well or Probe” displayed immediately after completing the Calibration Setup loop
• At the initial daily calibration prompt in any mode (Chi-Square can be performed only in Mode #6)

NOTE: For Daily Calibration, begin the following procedure at step #2. On power-up, the probe is selected as the
default detector. Press <Clear> if you want to select the well instead. Proceed to step #3.
1. Select well or probe.

2. Position the Cs-137 source at the collimator.

3. Press the flashing <Count> key to calibrate. The message “Counting standard...” displays, along with
the actual count time in seconds. In the ROI (Region Of Interest) Box at the right of the display unit,
current readings for ROI CPM (Counts Per Minute) and ROI counts are displayed.

NOTE: If counts are too high or too low, the system will prompt you to move the source either closer or further
from the detector. After repositioning the source, press <Test> to continue.

4. Press the flashing <Save> key to save the calibration. Press the <Count> key to redo the calibration.
Once <Save> is pressed, the screen displays “Calibration is finished. Press <Spectrum> or <*> to
continue”. At this point, you should print the spectrum to verify that it looks correct.

5. If you are not in Mode #6 and elect to save the calibration, the screen will provide a message that the
calibration is complete. Press <Spectrum> to print a spectrum, <*> to continue, or <Clear> to skip. If
you choose to skip, you will need to calibrate the well before using it. The system now returns to the
Mode # prompt. You may now proceed with measurements as explained in the following sections.

If you are in Mode #6, the screen will next prompt for a Chi-Square Test. Press the flashing <*> key to
begin, or press the <Clear> key to skip and return to the Mode #6 prompt.

6. To perform the Chi-Square Test, position the Cs-137 source and press the flashing <Count> key. The
system begins the test and at completion, displays the results as “pass”, “high” or “low”. Press
<Count> to redo or <Clear> to exit and return to the Mode #6 prompt. This test takes approximately
two minutes to complete.

NOTE: To print the Chi-Square Test result, press the <Data> key.

Your display at this point should once again show the Mode # prompt. You may now select the current
mode or a new mode in which to operate. Simply press the <Up Arrow> or <Down Arrow> thumbwheel
keys to scroll through your choices. The following section provides operating procedures and a description
for each mode.

MODE #1: Thyroid Uptake Analysis

(See Figure 5)

In this mode, a radioactive uptake study is performed. The system guides the user through a step-by-step
procedure that includes the counting of a standard, a patient’s thyroid, patient background, and the
computation of the uptake percentage. The uptake percentage can then be printed out on a form designed
to provide complete information on the patient study. There are four options available in this mode:

— 23 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Manual Count Time/ New Patient, Automatic Count Time/New Patient, Manual Count Time/Existing
Patient, and Automatic Count Time/Existing Patient. Each is explained in the following section.

NOTE: If you have not yet calibrated your Atomlab 930 on this day, the system will prompt you to calibrate before
proceeding with the Thyroid Uptake or any other mode selected. Once the calibration is performed, the system will
display the Enter Patient ID# prompt.

Thyroid Uptake Setup

At the “Mode #1, Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system responds with an
“Enter ID” prompt. Press <Setup> to access the Thyroid Uptake Setup loop, or skip the Setup loop and
enter an ID number as explained later in the Thyroid Uptake Procedure.

If you enter the Thyroid Uptake Setup loop, you can:

• Set Count Time (Manual/Automatic)
• Set Patient Background Multiplier

Press <Setup> to skip any parameter, or select the displayed parameter, and move onto the next prompt.
Remember, the parameters listed above will be set for “Thyroid Uptake” mode only.

Set Count Time (Manual or Automatic)

The user can choose between setting the counting time manually or automatically. If manual counting is
selected, the user inputs the actual count time in the traditional manner.

If automatic counting is selected, the time period for each measurement becomes a variable. Measurement will
continue until a predetermined accuracy is reached as determined by random counting statistics. For
automatic measurements, statistical accuracy is user defined (i.e., 99%, 97%, 95%, etc.). The time is based on the
level of radioactivity being measured, the background level, the type of measurement being made, and the
user selected percent accuracy. Lastly, the system performs an internal check to ensure the count was
accomplished with an acceptable degree of certainty. The level of accuracy is set or changed in the setup mode.

If automatic counting is selected, each count time for a thyroid uptake measurement is automatically
determined, using counting statistics, by imposing an overall accuracy requirement on the uptake result.
There are four count times which comprise an uptake measurement: Standard, Lab Background, Thyroid
and Patient Background. Each count resulting from a lapsed count time has a statistical uncertainty which
is related to the count. When these four independent counts are combined to yield the uptake value, the
uncertainties must also be combined to yield the total uncertainty of the uptake. This total uncertainty is
preset by the user, in the Uptake Setup loop, when the instrument is installed.

At the start of an uptake procedure, the total uncertainty is partitioned between the four count times in a
rational way which minimizes the count times for all four counts and thereby minimizes the amount of
time the patient must remain immobile. Because the count rate is high, the Standard count time is usually
short. Time for the Lab Background is determined from the first few seconds of Lab Background
counting. If the count rate is very low, the count time will be short because the net error of (Std,-Bkgnd.)
contains only a term proportional to (Bkgnd. Rate/Std. Rate).

Thyroid count time is also determined during the first few seconds of Thyroid counting. It is calculated from the
approximate Thyroid rate and the Standard count rate in such a way that the Thyroid measurement uncertainty
will be only a fraction of the total target uncertainty. Finally, the Patient Background is determined during its
first few seconds of counting with the requirement of the total uncertainty satisfying the accuracy goals.

Examples
The following academic numerical examples should provide some idea of the four required measurement
times in actual practice. Each example assumes a user-selected counting accuracy requirement of 98%. This
means that there is a 2% allowed counting error at the 90% confidence level. If you repeat each of the four
measurements and calculate the uptake, nine out of ten results will fall within 2% of the first measurement.

OPERATION — 24 —
CONTENTS

NOTE: You must select the accuracy requirement in the Uptake Setup loop. The factory setting is 95%, if you want
98% as illustrated in this example, you must select it. The counting times get longer with higher accuracy requirements.

NOTE: The “2%” uncertainty is only with respect to detector counting. If a measurement is “repeated” with reposition-
ing of the standard or patient, there will be additional geometry setup errors which will add to the counting errors.

NOTE: The % uncertainty is not an uptake % but a percentage of the uptake. For example, if the uncertainty is 2%
and the uptake is 50%, then the uncertainty is 2% of 50%, or ±1%, and the uptake range could be 49% to 51%. If
the uptake was 10%, the uptake could be 9.8% to 10.2% (2% of 10% is 0.2%).

Maximum Count Time

All of the following examples had a 60 second maximum count time set in the Uptake Setup loop. The
first example did not require longer than 60 seconds on each measurement to satisfy the 98% accuracy
requirement. The next two examples did require longer than 60 seconds on some of the measurements
but the actual time was limited to 60 seconds automatically. The uncertainty resulting from such a
shortened time is stated with the example.

Minimum Count Time

The minimum count time for any count in the uptake mode is 10 seconds. This is illustrated in all three
examples during the Lab background count.

Example 1: I-123, 6 hour uptake, 98%, 60 sec max count time

Actual Computed
cpm Count Time Auto Time
Measured Standard 538,920 53 sec 53 sec
Measured Lab Bkgnd 64 10 sec 2.2 sec

Decayed Standard (393468) – –

Measured Thyroid 108,060 29 sec 29 sec
Measured Pat. Bkgnd 7,500 12 sec 12 sec

Uptake = 25.6% ± 2% (25.1% to 26.1%)

Comment: The automatic time selection controlled the counting since all times were less than the
maximum set count time of 60 seconds. The patient was required to remain in a counting position for
only 29 seconds for the thyroid and 12 seconds for the background count. This is very beneficial for
hyperthyroid and elderly patients. Plus the automatic count time mode takes less time to set up. The
Uptake of 25.6% has a 2% uncertainty meaning it could be 25.1% to 26.1%.

NOTE: In this example and the following two others, the “pill” was counted at the time of administration
(Measured Standard) and the count rate was decayed to the time of the thyroid count (value in parenthesis).

Example 2: I-123, 6 hour uptake, 98%, 60 sec max count time

Actual Computed
cpm Count Time Auto Time
Measured Standard 538,920 53 sec 53 sec
Measured Lab Bkgnd 64 10 sec 2.2 sec

Decayed Standard (393468) – –

Measured Thyroid 36,000 60 sec 119 sec
Measured Pat. Bkgnd 12,000 60 sec 81 sec

Uptake = 6.1% ± 2.3% (5.96% to 6.24%)

— 25 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Comment: The uptake was about one fourth the value as in example 1 in order to illustrate the change in
counting time required for uptake and patient background. If the maximum set count time was 120 seconds,
then the actual counting times for the thyroid and patient background would have been 119 and 81 seconds
respectively. The standard and lab count rates were kept the same for demonstration purposes.
Note that even though the actual count times were lower than the required time for a 2% uncertainty, the
times used (thyroid time almost 1/2 of the computed value) resulted in only an increase of 0.3%
uncertainty. This is certainly not significant, particularly in view of the low uptake where count times will
tend to be longer because of the lower count rates.

Example 3: I-123, 6 hour uptake, 98%, 60 sec max count time

Actual Computed
cpm Count Time Auto Time
Measured Standard 120,000 55 sec 55 sec
Measured Lab Bkgnd 300 10 sec 5.3 sec
Decayed Standard (87612) – –
Measured Thyroid 12,000 60 sec 156 sec
Measured Pat. Bkgnd 3,600 60 sec 90 sec

Uptake = 9.6% ± 2.8% (9.33% to 9.87%)

Comment: In this example, we see much lower rates in the standard and thyroid counts. However, the
standard count time only increased by 2 seconds. The reason for this is twofold. First, the equations for
time computation derived from counting statistics are nonlinear. Second, pulse height analysis at the
higher counting rates takes a longer period of time.

Note the increase in Lab background time. This is due to the increase in lab counting rate and how the
standard and lab rates are treated in the analysis. The lab is subtracted from the standard. Any error in
the lab is carried forward into the overall error, but the impact depends upon the relative counting rates.
If the standard is 10,000 times higher than the lab, then a 50% uncertainty in the lab will only contribute a
very small error to the difference. As the lab rate increases with respect to the standard, its error
contribution will also increase which will require a more precise measurement of the lab.

The thyroid count time increased significantly but the actual count time again was only 60 seconds
because of the maximum time set. Note the increase in the uptake uncertainty went to 2.8%, due to the
reduction of actual counting times from time values which were required for the thyroid and patient
background measurements.

Set Count Time Procedure (Manual/Automatic)

1. After selecting “Mode #1, Thyroid Uptake,” press <Setup>. The display responds with a message
stating the status of the count time, either manual or automatic.

2. Press <Setup> to keep the current count time status. Press <Enter> to change the count time status.

3. If you changed the count time status, press <Setup> to record the new status.

4. If you choose Manual go to #6. If you have selected Automatic as the count time status, the display
will next prompt you to press <Enter> to set the maximum count time or press <Setup> to skip. If you
press <Enter> the current maximum count time will be displayed. Press <Setup> or <Enter> to keep
the maximum count time displayed or use the numbered keys to input a new maximum count time.
Press <Save> to record a new count time.

5. The display next prompts the user to enter the % Accuracy desired. Press <Setup> to skip, or press
<Enter> to view the current percentage and use the numbered keys to enter a new percentage. Press
<Save> to record the new percentage. The system advances to the “Set Patient Background Multiplier”
prompt. (You should make it a habit to review the % Accuracy while in the Setup loop. A higher
accuracy value will reduce the error due to counting statistics.)

OPERATION — 26 —
CONTENTS

NOTE: Only the right-hand % Accuracy digit will change since all percentages must be 90% or greater.

6. If you have selected Manual as the count time status, the system will now display “Set Patient
Background Multiplier.”

Set Patient Background Multiplier

The Patient Background Multiplier is a number used to adjust high measurements to more accurately
reflect patient background in the region of the thyroid. A standard default value of 1.000 is provided. The
user can select from a range of 0.01 - 10.00.

To change the default Patient Background Multiplier:

1. Use the <Up> or <Down> arrow keys to change the default value to the desired number.

2. Press <Save> to save the new multiplier value, or press <Setup> to retain the current value. The
system now returns to the Patient I.D.# prompt. You can now set or choose a new Patient I.D. #, or
press <Setup> to advance to the Thyroid Uptake procedure.

NOTE: The Patient Background Multiplier Number is based on usage by N. David Charkes, MD. Information is
provided in the following sources: Radioactive Nuclides in Medicine and Biology, Third Edition, pps. 51 and 52;
Textbook of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 2: Clinical Applications, re: Thyroid Uptake; Clinical Tests of Thyroid
Function, John A. Thompson, Chapt. 2.

Thyroid Uptake Procedure

The Thyroid Uptake procedure can begin from either of two starting points:

• From the “Mode #1”, Thyroid Uptake prompt

• From the “Enter ID” prompt if you have just finished the Thyroid Uptake Setup loop. For this option,
begin the following uptake procedure at step #2.

CAUTION: The capsule count and Lab background must be counted and saved before administering the capsule to a patient.

Manual Count Time - New Patient

1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key.

2. The screen will prompt you to enter the Patient ID#. Enter a new patient ID# via the numbered keys.
The I.D. # may be up to nine digits long. We suggest using the patient’s Social Security Number.
Press the flashing <Save> key after completing your entry, or press <Clear> if you’ve made a mistake
and would like to re-enter the number.

3. Select the appropriate isotope key, position the Standard and press <Count>.

4. The screen will now prompt you to enter the Standard count time in seconds. Use the numbered keys
to make your entry, then press the flashing <Save> key.

5. You are now prompted to position the standard for counting, press <Count>.

NOTE: Perform a Lab background immediately after counting the capsule. You must complete a Lab
background before you can save the capsule counts.

6. After counting the standard, the system will prompt the clinician to enter the Lab background count
time in seconds. Enter the Lab Bkgnd count time then press the flashing <Save> key. The prompt,
“Prepare for Lab background” now appears on the screen. Ensure that no sources are in the vicinity,
then press the flashing <Bkgnd> key to start counting Lab background.

— 27 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

7. After the background key is pressed, the system will begin a Lab background count. When it has finished
the message, “Standard, background complete” will be displayed on the screen. Press <Count> to redo
the Standard count again, <Bkgnd> to remeasure the Lab background, or <Save> to save the data.

8. After the data has been saved the screen displays press <Data> to print or press <Clear> to skip. If
you press <Data>, the patient ID# is displayed. You can now press <Save> to print the current
patient, or use the <Up> and <Down> arrow keys to scroll to another patient and then press <Save>
to print. After printing or clearing, the system returns to the Mode #1 prompt.

NOTE: You can print a spectrum immediately after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key.

Automatic Count Time - New Patient

1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key.

2. The screen will prompt you to enter the Patient ID#. Enter a new patient ID# via the numbered keys.
Press the flashing <Save> key after completing your entry, or press <Clear> if you’ve made a mistake
and would like to re-enter the number.

3. Select the appropriate isotope key, position the Standard and press <Count>.
NOTE: Perform a Lab background immediately after counting the capsule. You must complete a Lab
background before you can save the capsule counts.

4. The system will count the standard then prompt the technologist to “Prepare for Lab background”.
Ensure that no sources are in the vicinity, then press the flashing <Bkgnd> key to start counting Lab
background.

5. After the background key is pressed, the system will begin a Lab background count. When it has finished
the message, “Standard background complete” will be displayed on the screen. Press <Count> to redo
the Standard count again, <Bkgnd> to remeasure the Lab background, or <Save> to save the data.

6. After the data has been saved the screen displays press <Data> to print or press <Clear> to skip. If
you press <Data>, the patient ID# is displayed. You can now press <Save> to print the current
patient, or use the <Up> and <Down> arrow keys to scroll to another patient and then press <Save>
to print. After printing or clearing, the system returns to the Mode #1 prompt.

NOTE: You can print a spectrum immediately after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key.

Manual Count Time - Existing Patient

1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key.

2. The screen will prompt you to enter the Patient ID#. Use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down
Arrow> keys to scroll though the patient ID’s on record. Press the flashing <Save> key after selecting
your entry, or press <Clear> if you’ve made a mistake and would like to select another number.

3. The system next prompts the user to press <*> to skip (the system then calculates the decayed activity
of the original sample), or press <Count> (to count the current decayed activity of the standard). If you
choose count, position the standard and proceed to step #4. If you press the <*> key skip to step #5.

4. If you press the <Count> key, the system will prompt you to enter the standard count time in
seconds. Use the numbered keys to make your entry. Press <Save>, position the standard, then press
the flashing <Count> key. The system will count the standard then prompt the clinician to perform
another Lab background. Enter the Lab background count time in seconds and press <Save>. Prepare
for Lab background and press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The system begins the Lab background
count. After the background count has been completed, you have the option of pressing <Count> to
redo the Standard count again, pressing <Bkgnd> to remeasure the Lab background, or pressing
<Save> to advance and continue with the thyroid uptake.

OPERATION — 28 —
CONTENTS

Figure 5. A sample Thyroid Uptake Analysis report.

— 29 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

5. Using the numbered keys, you can now enter the Thyroid count time in seconds. Press the flashing
<Save> key to confirm your entry.

6. Position the patient thyroid and press the flashing <Count> key. The system displays the study
number and begins the thyroid count.

7. Once the count time is completed, the screen next prompts you to enter the Patient Background count
time in seconds. Use the numbered keys to make your entry and press <Save>.

8. Position the patient for a patient background measurement and press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The
message “Counting Patient Background” appears on the screen. When the counting is finished, the
system concludes and displays the uptake data.

9. At this point, the user can press <Count> to count the thyroid again, <Bkgnd> to perform another
patient background reading, or <Save> to save the currently displayed uptake data.

10. If you would like to save the data displayed, press the flashing <Save> key. The system records the
current information, then prompts the user to print.

11. After the data has been saved the screen displays press <Data> to print or press <Clear> to skip. If
you press <Data>, the patient ID# is displayed. You can now press <Save> to print the current
patient, or use the <Up> and <Down> arrow keys to scroll to another patient and then press <Save>
to print. After printing or clearing, the system returns to the Mode #1 prompt.

NOTE: You can store up to four studies per patient (maximum twenty-five patients). You can print a spectrum
immediately after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key. If more than four studies are
attempted, the message “No more uptakes can be saved for this patient, <Clear> to exit “ is displayed.

Automatic Count Time - Existing Patient

1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key.

2. The screen will prompt you to enter the Patient ID#. Use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow>
keys to scroll though the patient ID’s on record. Press the flashing <Save> key after completing your
entry, or press <Clear> if you’ve made a mistake and would like to re-enter the number.

3. The system next prompts the user to press <*> to skip (the system then calculates the decayed activity
of the original sample), or press <Count> (to count the current decayed activity of the standard). If you
choose count, position the standard and proceed to step #4. If you press the <*> key skip to step #5.

4. If you press the <Count> key, the system will prompt you to position the standard and press
<Count>. It will then count the standard and prompt the clinician to perform another Lab
background. Prepare for Lab background and press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The system begins the
Lab background count. After the background count has been completed, you have the option of
pressing <Count> to redo the Standard count again, <Bkgnd> to remeasure the Lab background, or
<Save> to advance and continue with the thyroid uptake.

5. Position the patient thyroid and press the flashing <Count> key. The system displays the study
number and begins the thyroid count.

6. Position the patient for a patient background measurement and press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The
message “Counting Patient Background” appears on the screen. When the counting is finished, the system
concludes and displays the uptake data. At this point, the user can press <Count> to count again,
<Bkgnd> to perform another background reading, or <Save> to save the currently displayed uptake data.

7. If you would like to save the data displayed, press the flashing <Save> key. The system records the
current information, then prompts the user to print or skip the printing.

OPERATION — 30 —
CONTENTS

8. To return to the the Mode #1 prompt without printing a hard copy report, press <Clear>. To print a
hard copy report, press the flashing <Data> key. The system will display the current Patient ID#.
You can now print out a report for the current patient, or use the <Up Arrow> and <Down Arrow>
keys to scroll through the list of patient ID’s and select another patient on which to report. In either
case, press the <Save> key when you have selected the patient and wish to generate the report. After
printing the report, the system returns to the Mode #1 prompt.

NOTE: You can print a spectrum immediately after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key.

Print Existing Patient Reports

1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press <Data>. The system displays the first entry on the
patient list at the 24-hour time.

2. Use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> keys to scroll through the patient ID# list until the
desired patient is displayed.

3. Press <Save> to generate a printed report. The system returns to the Mode #1 prompt.

Deleting a Patient
To delete a patient or patients from the patient list:
1. At the “Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt, press <Clear>. The system displays the first entry on the
patient list.

2. Use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> keys to scroll through the patient ID# list until the
patient to delete is displayed.

3. Press <Enter>. A “Y” for “yes” appears next to the “DEL:” prompt at the right side of the screen,
indicating the patient is tagged for deletion.

4. If you wish to delete more than one patient, use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> keys
to scroll through the list. Mark additional patients for deletion in the manner described above.

5. Once you have marked all the patients to be deleted, press the <Clear> key. The system will prompt
the clinician to press <*> to delete the marked patient(s) or <Clear> to abandon and return to the
“Mode #1 Thyroid Uptake” prompt without deleting.

To Remove A Patient From A full Database After A Study Has been Started
The maxium number of patients that can be stored in the Atomlab 930 Patient Database is 30. Once the
database is full, the system will not save any more patients unless some are deleted to make more room.
If the database is full, any patient you try to add could be lost when you save. Thus, it may be necessary
to use the following procedure, from time to time, when reviewing the patient information prior to saving
a new study.

The normal procedure for a study is to take the count, take the Background, and then press <Save>.
Pressing <Save> prompts the system to check for room in the database. If the database is full, the
following message is displayed:

“Max patients stored.

Press * to delete and CLEAR to abandon.”

At this point, you can press <Clear> to clear out and abandon the study you have just counted and tried
to save. Do this only if you have NOT yet administered the capsule to the patient and you wish to go
back and selectively remove patients from the database. After pressing <Clear> you will have to re-enter
the new patient number, count the source and Background, and press <Save> again.

Alternatively, you can press <*> to delete. Pressing this key brings up the patient database, allowing
patients to be removed and the study just completed to be saved.

— 31 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

MODE #2: Employee Bioassay

(See Figure 6)
This mode is used to verify any Iodine-131, 123 or 125 concentration for staff who have direct contact
with radioactive Iodine or patients. A record may then be printed out with a listing by ID # for those who
have had a Bioassay count.

Bioassay Setup
At the “Mode #2, Employee Bioassay” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system responds with
an “Enter Lab background” prompt. Press <Setup> to access the Bioassay Setup loop, or skip the Setup
loop and proceed as explained later in the Employee Bioassay Procedure.

If you enter the Bioassay Setup loop, you can:

• Select an employee from the employee list, Enter a new employee with ID number, or Delete an employee

Any additions or deletions you make to the Employee Bioassay List will be used in the Bioassay Mode only.

Press <Setup> to select the currently displayed employee and proceed with the Employee Bioassay
Procedure or you can enter/delete an employee as explained below.
Enter (or Delete) Employee ID #
Employee ID# and name are used to identify Bioassay studies and reports. The system sets up for one of
the three iodines when engaged in bioassay work.

At this point, the system displays the oldest (least recent entry) employee. You can now select the
employee displayed as explained above, enter a new employee, or delete an employee.

To enter a new employee:

1. Use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> keys to advance to the blank employee screen. If
the screen is currently blank, proceed to step #2.

2. Press <Enter>.

3. Use the number keys to enter the employee ID number. The system is designed to accept a Social
Security number but will accept any entry up to nine digits. Press <Save> when complete.

4. Enter the employee name in the same manner as you entered the facility title (using the ASCII format
by choosing the appropriate letters from the display).

5. To save, press <Save> or use the <↵> symbol. You can now enter additional employees or continue.

6. Press <Setup> to advance to the “Enter Lab background” prompt. The system is now ready to begin
the Employee Bioassay procedure.

To delete an existing employee:

1. Use the <Up Arrow/BKGND> or <*/Down Arrow> key to scroll though the employee list until the
desired employee is displayed.

2. Press <Enter>. A “Y” for “yes” appears next to the Del: prompt at the right side of the screen,
indicating the employee is tagged for deletion.

3. Press <Clear>, if you wish to delete the marked employee or, press <Setup> to advance to the “Enter
Lab Background” prompt and begin the Bioassay procedure without making a deletion.

4. If you choose <Clear> to delete the employee, the system will prompt you to press <*> to delete the
employee or <Setup> to skip. If you choose to delete, the system will advance to the “Enter Lab
background” prompt and the employee will be deleted. The system is now ready to proceed with the
Bioassay procedure.

OPERATION — 32 —
1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 6. A sample Employee Bioassay report.

— 33 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

Employee Bioassay Procedure

The Employee Bioassay procedure can begin from either of two starting points:
• From the “Mode #2”, Employee Bioassay prompt
• From the “Enter Lab background” prompt if you have just finished the Employee Bioassay Setup
loop. For this option, begin the following uptake procedure at step #2.

To perform an Employee Bioassay:

1. At the “Mode #2 Employee Bioassay” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The screen will
prompt you to enter the Lab count time in seconds. Use the numbered keys to enter the Lab count
time. Press the flashing <Save> key after completing your entry, or press <Clear> to start over again.

2. The system next prompts the user to prepare for a Lab background. Press the flashing <Bkgnd> key.
The screen will display, one at a time, the lab count for I-123, I-125 and I-131.

3. Following the Lab background count, use the numbered keys to enter the employee count time in
seconds. Press the flashing <Save> key to confirm your entry.

4. The screen now displays the name of the current employee and the employee status in terms of
having completed a bioassay on the highlighted isotope since entering this mode, (Done or Not
Done). At this point, you can press either flashing isotope key to change from the current isotope or
continue on with the current isotope selected.

5. Having selected or confirmed the isotope, press the flashing <Enter> key to select the patient
displayed, or use the flashing <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> keys and scroll through the
employee list to make another selection. At this point, you can also press the flashing <Save> key
followed by the <Data> key to print the background and return to the Mode #2 prompt or <Save>
followed by <Clear> to skip the report and return to the Mode #2 prompt.

NOTE: For multiple employee studies, background is counted only once. When you go to the mode prompt, you
must re-enter background before doing a bioassay.

6. Once the employee has been selected, the system prompts the technologist to position the employee
and press <Enter>. Following the count, the system displays the bioassay data in the lower right
portion of the screen. The employee status is now listed as “Done”.

7. After completing an employee’s bioassay for one isotope, the system offers three options:
• Press the flashing <Enter> key to recount the employee
• Press the flashing <Up Arrow> or <Down Arrow> key to scroll through the list of existing
employees and select another employee for a count by pressing <Enter>
• Press the flashing <Save> key, followed by <Data>, to generate a report for all the employees just
tested or <Save> followed by <Clear> to skip the report and return to the Mode #2 prompt

NOTE: You can print a spectrum immediately after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key.

NOTE: The standard deviation for Lab background displayed on the Bioassay report is determined by
calculating the square root of the I-131 ROI counts in the Lab background before the worker is measured. If the
employee count in I-131 ROI is greater than 2 standard deviations from the Lab background in I-131 ROI, it
will be indicated on the display. If not, there is no significant contamination. Standard deviation for I-123 and
I-125 are computed similarly.

If the count is greater than 2 sigma, there is contamination but it has not been quantified. To quantify the
contamination, the employee can be counted as an uptake patient and uptake simulated without actually
administering the pill.

If the count is less than 3 sigma, the Lab background has probably changed and should be repeated.

OPERATION — 34 —
CONTENTS

MODE #3: Wipe Test

(See Figures 7 and 8)

NOTE: For Wipe Test, the activity shown is NET activity. This means that the background count is subtracted
from the count before the activity is calculated. For all other modes, counts shown are the actual counts detected and
are not netted for background.

The Wipe Test mode is used to determine the DPM or µCi’s of swipes taken in the designated areas of a
department. A total of 10 swipes may be identified and counted per area. A report of the Wipe Test
results for all areas are then printed out with each test identified by the number and result.

The detector efficiency calculation is performed in manual mode after the standard has been counted and
is equal to the standard’s cpm/dpm, where CPM is the standard’s count rate and DPM is the standard’s
activity (entered as nCi and converted using 1 µCi = 2.22 x 10 DPM). The counts are taken in the ROI of
6

the isotope selected and a Lab background is subtracted from the wipe.

In order to verify the wipe test results, the standard can be measured as a wipe and the reported
contamination should equal the value which was given as the standard activity. The geometry must be
identical in both cases.

Wipe Test Setup

To access the Wipe Test Setup loop, at the “Mode #3, Wipe Test” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key.
The system prompts to “prepare for Lab Background”. Press <Setup> to enter the Wipe Test Setup loop
or press <Bkgnd> to count the background and proceed directly to the wipe test procedure.

In the Wipe Test Setup loop you can:

• Select well or probe
• Set Geometric and Detector Efficiency
• Enter a custom isotope and set trigger level and ROI values
• Define areas, set regulatory limits, and select isotopes to be counted
• Print an area summary report
• Check or set isotope efficiency
• Set both lab and wipe restricted and unrestricted count and recount times
• Check LLD

NOTE: For all Wipe Test Setup loop selections, pressing <Setup> keeps the current value and advances the system
to the next setting prompt.

Select Well or Probe

Upon entering the Wipe Test Setup loop, the user is first instructed to select either Well or Probe. If only
the well or only the probe is installed, proceed to Set Geometric Efficiency, below.

To select the well or probe:

1. Press <Setup> to keep the current selection, or press the <Well> or <Probe> key to change the current
selection.

Set Geometric Efficiency

Having selected the well or probe, the system displays a Geometric Efficiency value. To keep the current
value, press <Setup> or <Save>.
To set a new Geometric Efficiency value:
1. Use the numbered keys to edit the current value. Press <Save> to save the new value entered or press
<Clear> to return to the previous displayed value and start over.

NOTE: There are two efficiency values defined in the Atomlab 930 Wipe Test Function: Geometric and Detector.

— 35 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Geometric efficiency, “GE”, is defined as the percentage of radiation emitted by the wipe which is
intercepted by the detector. Any value between 0 and 100% is valid, but 0 and 100% are improbable.

Detector Efficiency, “DE”, is a composite number which allows conversion from detector counts to
disintegrations. It is affected by three factors:

• The photon intensity in the isotope decay scheme defines the number of photons which are emitted
per 100 disintegrations of the isotope. This number can be less than or greater than 100% as exhibited
by Cr-51 (~10%) and Co-60 (~200%).

• The photon interaction in the detector will produce counts which integrate to a fraction of the total
number of photons passing through the detector. This will always be less than 100% and will depend
upon the detector crystal geometry and the photon energy.

• The ROI setting in the MCA determines the fraction of the MCA counts which are accumulated.
Normally the ROI is adjusted around the photo peak, however, there can be several photon energies
which are not included in this ROI because they may have a low emission intensity or their energies
may cover a range too broad to be practical for background subtraction.

OPERATION — 36 —
CONTENTS

The Atomlab uses these two efficiency values to calculate disintegration rate with the following equation:

Disintegration Rate = Count ROI Rate/(GE * DE)

NOTE: The efficiency values are discussed in the context of percent, and are entered into the Atomlab 930 as a
percent, but their application in converting cpm to dpm uses a normalized form (i.e., DE/100 and GE/100).

Geometric Efficiency Calculation

The value for GE is calculated from the following equations for a well and probe.
WELL:
1
G.E. WELL = 1/2
2 1+
1
* 100%
2
1+ ID
2X
ID = Inner diameter of the well opening
X = Depth into the well, measured from the top surface

For example, the Biodex NaI well dimensions have an ID = 0.75 inches and a well depth of 1.432 inches.
When the wipe (or calibration source) is placed in the well, the isotope emitting radiation will not be at the
very bottom. If we take the isotope position to be 1 inch from the top, then GE = 96.82%. (For X = 1.25 inches
deep, GE = 97.89%; X = 0.75 inches, GE = 94.72% which are +1.07 and -2.1% respectively from 1 inch.)

PROBE:
G.E. PROBE = 1/2
1 1- 1
* 100%
2 2
1+ OD
2X
OD = Outer diameter of the probe
X = Distance from the end of the probe to the wipe

For example, the Biodex NaI probe OD = 2 inches. When the wipe (or calibration source) is placed 1/2
inch from the probe, then GE = 27.6%. (For X = 0.25, GE = 37.9%; X= 0.75, GE = 20%.)

From these two examples, we see that the well is at least 4 to 5 times more efficient for wipe test counting
than the probe and is less dependent upon wipe positioning errors.

Detector Efficiency
DE can be calculated theoretically from system parameters or can be empirically determined by
measuring the count rate from a known activity of each isotope. The empirical method results in a
composite value (GE * DE) which can be reduced to DE by dividing by the calculated value for GE. Only
the empirical method will be discussed below. The theoretical (analytic) method is also provided
following an example calculation.

Empirical Efficiency Values for Wipe Testing

All isotopes for which wipes are to be counted shall either be prepared from a known liquid
concentration or if possible, a standard source can be purchased in a wand form from various
manufacturers. Generally, the isotopes Cs-137, Co-57, Co-60, Ba-133, and Am-241 are available in wand
form with a stated activity and uncertainty. The activity should be kept in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 µCi, and
should not exceed 0.2 µCi. This will generally keep the overall counting rate below 10,000 cps and will
eliminate any spectrum distortion or non-linearity from playing a role in the efficiency calculation.

A suggested procedure for source preparation is outlined below. The liquid source will be deposited on
an absorbent material in the bottom of a plastic vial which fits inside the well. It is recommended that no
more than 10 ul of liquid be dispensed in order to reduce spilling radioactive material.

— 37 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

NOTE: If a probe is being tested for efficiency, a method for holding the source or vial in proximity to the probe,
approximately 1 cm, must be arranged. Then use the following procedure with modification as needed. If a distance
greater than 1 cm is used, increase activity according to the Inverse Square Law.

Source Preparation:
1. Prepare an activity of 0.1 to 0.01 mCi of the isotope in 10.0 ml of saline. This will result in a
concentration of approximately 0.01 to 0.001 µCi/ul. The volume should be either controlled as close
as possible to 10.0 ml or precisely measured.

2. Assay the activity in the vial in a dose calibrator which has a resolution of 0.01 µCi. Compensate for
background before making the measurement. Record the time of measurement.

3. Calculate concentration by dividing the measured activity by the source volume and record with the
time of measurement. Record concentration in units of µCi/ul (i.e., 0.01 mCi/ml = 0.01 µCi/ul).

4. Prepare the vial with absorbent material (such as a portion of a wipe pad or the end of a Q-tip) at the
bottom of the vial.

5. Using a 10 ul syringe (see note), draw off source material and carefully place the end of the syringe
tip at the bottom of the vial. Deposit 10 ul of source material onto the absorbent material.

6. Withdraw the syringe and immediately rinse it in saline at least ten times. This will reduce the chance
of contamination of the next source which will be a different isotope.

7. Record the activity in the test vial in units of µCi as AXx-123 at time T as recorded in step 2. (The Xx-
123 subscript is meant to designate the isotope symbol which should be recorded, i.e. Am-241.)

NOTE: A tuberculin syringe is not suitable in this procedure. Hamilton microliter syringe, model 701-N, has a
capacity of 10 ul with 0.2 ul resolution and will provide the necessary precision. Hamilton Co., P.O. Box 10030,
Reno, Nevada, 89520. 800-648-5950.

After the source preparation, the efficiency can be measured by counting the source in the MANUAL
MCA MODE (mode 5) of the Atomlab 930. The OTHER key should be programmed with the gain and
ROI values which are printed for the prepared isotope in the wipe test isotope list. The following steps
should be followed.

Efficiency Measurement
1. Program the OTHER key for correct gain and ROI.

2. Perform a 100 second background count with an empty well. Print the spectrum. Record ROI counts
as B.

3. Perform a 100 second count with the prepared source in the well. Print the spectrum. Record ROI
counts as S. (This may also be a purchased wand source with a known activity and date of calibration.)

4. Calculate the composite efficiency DE * GE using the following equation.

(S - B) counts
100 sec
D.E. * G.E. = * 100%
(T-t)
T
AµCi * 37000dps/µCi * 2 1/2

S and B are defined in steps 2 and 3 under Efficiency Measurement.

OPERATION — 38 —
CONTENTS

A is the activity determined in step 7 under Source Preparation for isotope Xx-123 with units of
microcurie.

Exponent of “2”:
This is a decay correction. For short lived isotopes such as Tc-99m, it is important. For long lived
isotopes such as I-125, it may not be important unless the source is saved for future efficiency
checks.

T1/2 is the half life of isotope Xx-123, in units of h, days, etc.

T and t are respectively the time of source measurement in the dose calibrator and the time of
counting the source in the well detector. Both should have the same units as T1/2. For example, if
T = 08:31 h and t = 15:49 h, then T - t = -7.300 h. If T1/2 = 3.261 days for Ga-67, then T - t should
be converted to days = -0.3042 days. In this case, the decay result would be 0.937.

5. Calculate DE from the composite (DE * GE) found in step 4 above and from the calculated value of
GE found earlier in the discussion on GEOMETRIC EFFICIENCY. The following equation defines the
calculation.
D.E. = (G.E. * D.E.) * 100%
G.E.

Note that the two terms (DE * GE) and GE are both calculated as percents in the earlier expressions
and the above result preserves DE as a percentage.

Example Calculation:
Determine the detector efficiency of Am-241 in a well detector with an opening of 0.625 inches and the
source located in the well at 1 inch below the surface.

Geometric Efficiency for a Well: ID = 0.625 inches

X = 1.00 inch

GE = 97.7% (see earlier example)

Detector Efficiency for Am-241: A = 0.095 µCi @ T = 8/15/84

T1/2 = 432.2
t = 5/1/93 (date counted in well)
OTHER was programmed for gain of 12 and an ROI of 50 to 69 keV.

100 second counts resulted in the following:

S = 99,403
B = 83

Now calculate the individual parts of the equation for (DE * GE)

Count rate = (S-B)/100 s = 993 cps

Disintegration rate = A µCi * 37000 dps/µCi = 3515 dpm

Decay Correction = 2 (T-t)/T1/2 = 2 (84.71 y - 93.42 y)/432.2 y = 0.986

DE * GE = 0.286 * 100% = 28.6%

DE = {(DE * GE)/GE} * 100% = (28.6/97.7) * 100 = 29.3%

— 39 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

We should now check our result for common sense. The photon emissions from Am-241 are 59.5 keV at
35.9% intensity and 26.3 keV at 2.4% intensity. The interaction probability for a 60 keV photon is very high in
the Nal detector (Nal thickness on sides and bottom is about 0.625 inches), the bulk of this interaction will be
photoelectric which puts most of the counts recorded in the photo peak. The ROI is set to integrate the photo
peak of 59.5 keV. Therefore we would expect a detector efficiency to be a little less than photon intensity at
59.5 keV which it is.

Example of a Well Compared to a Probe for Counting Efficiency

If we assume the following parameters:

Isotope: Cs-137
DE Probe: 9.86%
DE Well: 13.47%

GE Well: 96.816% for a source placed 2.54 cm’s deep in the well
GE Probe: 0.278% for a source placed 21 cm’s in front of the probe
DE * GE = 993 cps * 100% = 0.286 *
100% = 28.6% (3515 dps)(.986)
Probe:
DE * GE = 9.86% * 0.278% = .02741%

Well:
DE * GE = 13.47% * 96.816% = 13.04%

A.) If the detector counts 54 cpm that is equivalent to the following dpm for the
parameters listed above.

Probe: 54 cpm / .02741% = 197,008 dpm

Well: 54 cpm / 13.04% = 414 dpm

The detector efficiency “DE” is a composite number which allows conversion from detector counts to
disintegrations for a given isotope. Three factors affect it:
1. The photon intensity in the isotope decay scheme defines the number of photons which are emitted
per 100 disintegrations of the isotope. This number can be less than or greater than 100% as exhibited
by Cr-51 (~10%) and Co-60 (~200%). The photon energy and percent abundance in the decay scheme
can be found in “Table of Radioactive Isotopes” by Edgardo Browne and Richard B. Firestone, pub
John Wiley & Sons, 1986, ISBN 0-471-84909-X.

2. The photon interaction in the detector will produce counts which integrate to a fraction of the total
number of photons passing through the detector. This will always be less than 100% and will depend
upon the window thickness which the photon detector must pass through, detector crystal geometry
and the photon energy. This photon interaction has been calculated using “NaI (TL)
SCINTILLATION DETECTORS”, published by Bicron, manufacturer of the probe and well detectors.
This publication contains two sets of curves which were used in the calculation of detector efficiency:
Figure 14 “Absorption Efficiency of NaI (TL)” for various thicknesses of NaI, and Figure 17 “X-Ray
and Gamma Transmission Through Bicron Detector Windows” for various window thicknesses.

3. The ROI setting in the MCA determines the fraction of the MCA counts which are accumulated.
Normally the ROI is adjusted around the photo peak, however, there can be several photon energies
which are not included in this ROI because they may have a low emission intensity or their energies
may cover a range too broad to be practical for background subtraction. The photo peak contribution
to the photon calculation in the NaI crystal was calculated using “GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION
COEFFICIENTS FOR ELEMENTS 1 THROUGH 100 DERIVED FROM THE THEORETICAL
VALUES OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS”, published by Los Alamos Scientific

OPERATION — 40 —
CONTENTS

Laboratory of the University of California, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Pub # LA-2237.
The Detector Efficiency (DE) has been calculated for both probe and well detectors. There is a difference
because the photon path length through the NaI detector is different in the two detector configurations.
There are some isotopes that the well efficiency has not been analytically determined due to gamma ray
summing in the well. You must use the empirical method for these isotopes. You may have to create a
custom version of the isotope with a different ROI to properly count the isotope in the well.

Select an Isotope
Having set GE, the system displays the first of five custom isotopes and associated data. At this point, it is
necessary to set the custom isotope information if you have any custom isotopes.

NOTE: You cannot change the ROI’s for the 25 preset isotopes. You must set up a custom isotope if you want a
different ROI.

To skip custom isotope setup:

1. Press <Setup>. The system advances to the Area 1 setup prompts.

To select a Custom Isotope:

1. Use the <Up> and <Down> arrow keys to scroll to the custom isotope number you wish to view, set or
change and press <Enter>. Press <Enter> to rename or <Setup> to skip the name and enter the ROI.

2. After reaching the “Custom Isotope Name:” prompt, use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down
Arrow> keys to scroll though the ASCII list of letters, numbers and symbols to enter the name. The
letter above the arrow pointer on the display will change with each press of the key. There is a set of
lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers 1-0 and useful symbols.

3. To select any character or letter above the arrow pointer on the display, press <Count/Enter>. The
selected character moves to the left and a new character appears above the pointer arrow.

4. Press <Count/Enter> to select the next character if it is correct, or scroll through the ASCII list until
the appropriate character is displayed, and then press <Count/Enter>. Continue until you have
entered the desired isotope name.

5. Set the ROI’s minimum keV for the custom isotope. Use the <Up> and <Down> arrows to adjust the
displayed minimum keV to the desired level. Press <Save> to save the desired minimum keV.

6. Having set the minimum keV for the custom isotope, it is now necessary to set the maximum ROI’s
keV following the same procedure.

7. The restricted area is now shown with the DPM level displayed. To change the DPM level press
<Enter>. The <Enter> key serves as a toggle between 2,000 and 20,000 DPM. Press <Setup> to select
the desired DPM and return to the custom isotope scroll screen where you can select another isotope
if desired or press the flashing <Setup> again to advance to the Wipe Area Selection screen.

NOTE: Setting a restricted area of 20,000 DPM corresponds to an unrestricted area of 2,000 DPM. Setting a
restricted area of 2,000 DPM corresponds to an unrestricted area of 200 DPM. See your regulatory guide for a
discussion on restricted and unrestricted areas.
Wipe Area Setup
1. At the Wipe Area Setup prompt, use the <Up> or <Down> arrow keys to scroll to any of the 10 areas
for which you would like to enter or modify information.

2. With the desired area displayed, press <Enter>. The screen now displays three types of areas:
restricted, unrestricted and sealed source.

3. Use the <Up> and <Down> arrows to scroll between the three wipe area types until the desired
choice is displayed. Press <Save> to save the displayed area type.

— 41 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

4. Using the <Up> and <Down> arrows, set the percentage of regulatory limit (Trigger Level) desired.
For example, if the restricted area has a regulatory level of 2,000 DPM’s for a particular isotope, you
can set the Trigger Level at either a lower or higher percentage of the regulatory level (i.e., 50% or
150% of the regulatory limit). Press <Save> to save the new trigger level.

Selecting the Isotope To Count in the Desired Area

NOTE: You may select up to six isotopes per area. For initial setup, the isotope list is blank.

1. Use the <Up> and <Down> arrows to scroll through the isotope list. (For initial setup,
select isotope 1, area 1.)

2. To choose an isotope, press <Enter> to access a list of available isotopes. Now use the <Up> and
<Down> arrow keys to scroll through the isotope list and find the isotope desired.

3. To select and save the displayed isotope as isotope 1 in area 1, press <Save>.

4. Use the same procedure to select isotopes #’s 2-6 if required.

5. To remove an isotope from the isotope list, display the desired isotope # and press <Enter>. Use the
<Up> and <Down> arrow keys to advance to the blank isotope name prompt and press <Save>.

NOTE: If you just wish to change the listed isotope, enter a new isotope name at the blank isotope name prompt
and press <Save>.

When all areas are set, press <Setup> then <Data> to print an Area Summary Report showing a listing of
each area, trigger levels, type of area and isotopes for that area, or <Setup> to continue without printing.

Enter the Detector Efficiency

Once all areas are set, Detector Efficiency for each selected isotope chosen for wipe testing can be
displayed, set or changed.

1. Use the <Up> and <Down> arrows to scroll through the isotope list. To change the Detector
Efficiency for any isotope, display the isotope desired and press <Enter>.

2. Use the # keys to enter the Detector Efficiency value and press <Save>.

NOTE: If you make a mistake while entering an efficiency number, press <Clear>. The system will allow you to
re-enter the number as long as you haven’t pressed <Save>. If you have already saved, just re-enter the isotope
of interest and reset the efficiency.

3. You can now scroll through the remaining isotopes and set corresponding efficiency values for each.
Press <Setup> to continue after all detector efficiency values have been set.

NOTE: Determining detector efficiencies is explained earlier in this chapter starting under the heading “Mode
#3, Wipe Test.”

OPERATION — 42 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Analytically Determined Detector Efficiencies

Refer to the accompanying table for Analytically Determined Detector Efficiency (%) for the Atomlab 930.
These values reflect the istopes interaction with Sodium Iodide. You must use this detector efficiency
number with the geometric effciency number. Multiply DE x GE to get the total system efficiency for the
selected isotope. The result is the number to enter in the Atomlab 930 as detector efficiency.

Probe Well
Isotope Left-ROI Right-ROI Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%)

Na-24 1162 3167 7.8 ——

K-42 1296 1754 0.9 0.4
Cr-51 272 368 6.7 4.5
Co-57 103 158 93.8 92.8
Co-58 434 933 24.1 ——
Co-60 997 1533 14.2 ——
Fe-59 934 1486 7.7 3.8
Ga-67 79 345 72.8 ——
Se-75 102 461 148.9 ——
Sr-85 437 591 32.6 18.2
Tc-99m 119 162 84.3 82.3
Pd-103 17 27 62.3 62.3
In-111 145 281 163.4 138.7
I-123 134 183 79.5 75.4
I-125 23 41 133.5 133.5
I-131 309 420 47.4 30.1
Ba-133 256 410 60.8 ——
Cs-137 561 761 18.2 9.7
Yb-169 41 228 312.4 ——
Ir-192 250 703 124.6 ——
Hg-197 56 90 89.1 89.1
Hg-203 237 322 62.8 44.8
Ti-201 57 96 93.2 ——
Au-198 349 474 46.4 28.0
Am-241 50 69 35.7 35.7

Revised 7/95

NOTE: It is recommended that users use the Empirical testing procedures for setting detector efficiency.

Enter Count Times

1. Press <Enter> to set count times or press <Setup> to skip.

2. Using the number keys, enter the Lab Background time in seconds.

3. Press <Save> to save the Lab Background time.

4. Use the number keys to enter the Restricted Wipe Count Time in seconds. Press <Save> to record
your entry and advance to the Wipe Test procedure.

OPERATION — 43 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

Figure 7. A sample Wipe Test report.

OPERATION — 44 —
CONTENTS

Figure 8. A sample Wipe report: Efficiency and LLD.

— 45 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Wipe Test Procedure

1. At the “Mode #3 Wipe Test” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system prompts the user to
“prepare for Lab Background”. Press <Bkgnd> to continue. The background will be counted for each
gain corresponding to the isotopes used for wipe testing. A minimum of sixty seconds is required to
count each gain. (A maximum of five gains can be programmed in the Setup loop. Thus, total
minimum counting time for a five gain selection would be 300 seconds.)

2. After completing a background count for each programmed gain, the system prompts: <Data> for
efficiency and LLD report, or <*> to continue. Press the flashing <Data> key if a printed report is
desired at this point or press <*> to continue without printing. (If you choose to print a report, press
<*> after the report is printed to continue.)

NOTE: It is recommended that you print out the LLD report to get the background values.

3. The system now prompts: “Area #1, Wipe #1”. Position the indicated wipe and press the flashing
<Count> key to count or <*> to advance to the next area. If you select to count, the wipe is counted
for each gain corresponding to the isotopes listed for this area in setup.

4. After all counts are completed for Wipe #1, if the contamination level is less than both the LLD and
Trigger Level, the display will prompt: “Wipe #1 complete”. Press <*> to continue to step #6. If the
count level exceeds either the LLD or Trigger Level, individual isotope levels are listed showing if
that isotope is above the LLD or Trigger Level. You can then individually count each isotope as
described in step #5.

5. At this point, provided the count is less than the LLD or Trigger Level, you can press <Count> to
recount or <*> to continue with the next listed isotope. If you select to recount, each isotope will be
recounted. After each recount, you can press <Spectrum> to print a spectrum report or <*> to continue
counting the next isotope. Press <Clear> at any point to stop recounting and advance to step #6.

NOTE: If two isotopes have the same gain, each will be counted simultaneously and an individual spectrum for
each isotope can be printed if desired.

6. When the system has finished counting the current wipe, press <*> to advance to the next wipe or, if
finished counting wipes, press <Data> to print. To continue counting, you can now press <Count> to
count the next wipe or <*> to advance to the next area. If all wipes and areas that you wish to count
have been counted, press <Clear>, then <Data> to print a Wipe Test Report, or press <Clear> again to
return to the Mode #3 prompt.

NOTE: The unit does not store wipe test information. You must print wipe test data at this point to have hard
copy. If you exit out to the Mode #3 prompt by mistake, you can still press <Data> to generate a Wipe Test
Report as long as you do not re-enter the Wipe Test mode first. Once you go back into Wipe Test mode, all
previous wipe test data is cleared from the system.

MODE #4: Schilling Measurement

(See Figures 9-11)

NOTE: The Atomlab 930 uses the Mallinckrodt, Squibb/Bracco or Dicopac Schillings Kit procedures. In order to
use the automatic calculation functions of the Atomlab system, you must follow exactly the dilutions called for in
the kit insructions. You must then enter a correction factor or use the manual mode of the Atomlab system. If you
try to use the automatic Schilling mode useing different dilutions and do not enter a correction factor, your results
will not be correct.

This mode allows the technologist to use a Squibb, Mallinckrodt or Medi+Physics Schilling kit. A step-by-
step procedure for the kit selected guides the user through the test. Upon conclusion of the test, a
specially designed report is printed with the test results and other useful patient information.

OPERATION — 46 —
1. INTRODUCTION

Schilling Measurement Setup

At the “Mode #4, Schilling Measurement “ prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system responds with an
“Enter seconds to count” prompt. Press <Setup> to access the Schilling Setup loop. In the Setup loop you can:
• Select the desired Schilling Measurement kit
• Select Well or Probe

Press <Setup> to select the currently displayed kit and advance to the “Select well or probe” prompt.
Make your selection and return to the “Enter seconds count”.

Selecting a Schilling Measurement Kit

1. At the “Mode #4 Schilling Measurement” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system
responds with an “Enter seconds to count” prompt. The current measurement kit is also displayed.
Press <Setup> to enter the Setup loop and use the <Bkgnd/Up Arrow> or <*/Down Arrow> key to
scroll through the kit choices. Press <Save> to make your selection. Choose from:
• Squibb/Bracco
• Simple Mallinckrodt
• Normal Mallinckrodt
• Medi+Physics Dicopac®
NOTE: The Squibb selection works for both Squibb and Bracco.

2. After a kit has been selected, the system prompts the user to select either the well or probe. Make
your selection. The system advances to the “Enter seconds to count” prompt. You are now ready to
begin the Schilling Measurement Procedure with the selected kit.

Schilling Measurement Procedure

NOTE: Procedures for each measurement kit are explained separately below. You can print a spectrum immediately
after completing any count by pressing the <Spectrum> key.

Squibb/Bracco or Normal Mallinckrodt

1. After selecting Squibb/Bracco or Normal Mallinckrodt as the test kit, enter the Schilling count time in
(See Figure 9)

seconds and press the flashing <Save> key.

2. The system prompts the user to prepare for a Lab background. Press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The
screen will display the lab count and save the Lab background data.

3. Following the Lab background count, position the Co-57 Standard and press <Count>. The system
performs a Standard count.

4. Position the Urine Sample and press the flashing <Count> key. The sample is counted and the Urine
Sample data is saved.

5. Use the numbered keys to enter the Total urine volume in ml., then press the flashing <Save> key.

6. You can now use the numbered keys to enter the Sample urine volume in ml. Press the flashing
<Save> key to confirm your entry.

7. At this point, the system prompts the user to enter the Correction factor. Use the numbered keys to
make your entry, then press the flashing <Save> key.

NOTE: If using a reference from a standard schilling kit the Correction factor will be 100. If using the capsule
dilute method with a total volume of 100 ml and a sample of 2 ml, then the Correction factor is 50 (100 divided
by 2 = 50).

— 47 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 9. A sample Schilling Measurement (Squibb or Normal Mallinckrodt) report.

OPERATION — 48 —
CONTENTS

Figure 10. A sample Schilling Measurement (Simple Mallinckrodt) report.

— 49 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

Figure 11. A sample Schilling Measurement (Medi+Physics Dicopac) report.

OPERATION — 50 —
CONTENTS

8. The system now displays the percent of Co-57 contained in the urine sample. Press the flashing
<Save> key to record the results displayed.

9. To return to the Mode #4 prompt without printing a hard copy report, press <Clear>. To print a hard
copy report, press the flashing <Data> key. After printing, the system returns to the Mode #4 prompt.

NOTE: The study must be printed at this point if hard copy is desired. You cannot come back and print a test
once you have elected to skip the print option. To print a second copy of the report, press the <Data> key
immediately after the first report is printed.

Simple Mallinckrodt
1. After selecting Simple Mallinckrodt as the test kit, enter the Schilling count time in seconds and press
(See Figure 10)

<Enter>.

2. The system prompts the user to prepare for a Lab background. Press the flashing <Bkgnd> key. The
screen will display the lab count and save the Lab background data.

3. Following the Lab background count, position the Co-57 Standard and press the flashing <Count>
key. The system performs a Standard count.

4. Position the Urine Sample and press the flashing <Count> key. The sample is counted and the data
saved.

5. You can now use the numbered keys to enter the Total urine volume in ml. Press the flashing <Save>
key to confirm your entry.

6. The system now displays the percent of Co-57 contained in the urine sample. Press the flashing
<Save> key to record the results displayed.

NOTE: The study must be printed at this point if hard copy is desired. You cannot come back and print a test
once you have elected to skip the print option. To print a second copy of the report, press the <Data> key
immediately after the first report is printed.

7. To return to the Mode #4 prompt without printing a hard copy report, press <Clear>. To print a hard
copy report, press the flashing <Data> key. After printing, the system returns to the Mode #4 prompt.

Medi+Physics Dicopac®
1. After selecting Medi+Physics Dicopac® as the test kit, enter the Schilling count time in seconds and
(See Figure 11)

press <Save>.

2. The system next prompts the user to prepare for a Lab background. Press the flashing <Bkgnd> key.
The screen will display the lab count and save the Lab background data.

3. Following the Lab background count, position the Co-57 Standard and press <Count>. The system
performs a Standard count and saves the Co-57 data.

4. Position the Co-58 Standard and press <Count>. The system performs a Standard count and saves the
Co-58 Standard data.

5. Position the Urine Sample and press <Count>. The sample is counted and the data saved.

6. Use the numbered keys to enter the Total urine volume in ml., then press the flashing <Save> key.

7. Use the numbered keys to enter the Sample urine volume in ml., then press the flashing <Save> key.

— 51 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

8. The system now displays the percent of Co-57, the percent of Co-58, and the ratio contained in the
urine sample. Press the flashing <Save> key to record the results displayed.

NOTE: The study must be printed at this point if hard copy is desired. You can not come back and print a
previous test once you have elected to skip the print option. To print a second copy of the report, press the
<Data> key immediately after the first report is printed.

9. To return to the Mode #4 prompt without printing a hard copy report, press <Clear>. To print a hard
copy report, press the flashing <Data> key. After printing, the system returns to the Mode #4 prompt.

MODE #5: MCA Manual Mode

(See Figures 12-14)

The MCA Manual mode is used as a rate counter that can be started and stopped, and to print the
spectrum obtained. In this mode you can count continuously, count by preset time, or count by preset
counts.

NOTE: The counts are corrected for real time and are not raw counts.

MCA Manual Mode Setup

At the “Mode #5, MCA - Manual Usage” prompt, press the flashing <Select> key. The system response
will depend on the currently selected counting format. Whatever the prompt, press the <Setup> key to
access the MCA Mode Setup loop. In this loop you can:

• Select well or probe

• Select counting format (preset time, preset counts or continuous counting)

Select Well or Probe

After pressing <Setup> to enter the Setup loop, the system prompts the user to choose well or probe.
Make the appropriate selection. The system next prompts the user to select the desired counting format.

Select Counting Format

Following selection of well or probe, the system displays the current counting format. To keep the current
format and advance to the MCA Manual Mode Procedure, press <Save>.

To change the counting format:

1. Use the <Up Arrow> or <Down Arrow> keys to scroll between the three counting formats. Press
<Save> to select the desired format. The system is now ready for manual counting. Each of the three
counting formats are described below.

OPERATION — 52 —
1. INTRODUCTION

MCA Manual Mode Procedure

Continuous Counting
1. To count a known isotope, press the appropriate isotope key at the “Press Count” prompt. To count
an undetermined isotope, press the <Other> key. The system begins to count in a continuous manner,
starting at the number 1 and increasing. The running count time is displayed in the upper right hand
corner of the display.

NOTE: The preset ROI for the <Other> key is 117 keV to 2,000 keV with a gain of 1. This can be changed in
the system Setup loop.

2. Press the <*> key to stop the count at any point. To begin counting again, press either <Count> or an
appropriate isotope key. The system resets to zero and begins a new continuous count.

3. Once the count is stopped, the <Data> key begins to flash. Press this key to generate an MCA -
Manual Mode Report or press <Count> or an appropriate isotope key to begin a new count. The first
time you press <Data>, headings will be printed on the report along with the first line of data. If you
resume counting, a new line of data will be added to the report each time you follow a count by
pressing <Data>. To complete the report and exit back to the “Mode #5 - MCA Usage” prompt, press
<Clear>.

NOTE: If you change isotopes the report will end and a new report will be printed with the new isotope when
the <Data> key is pressed.

4. If desired, press <Spectrum> to generate a printed spectrum report. Press the <Clear> key to exit
back to the Mode #5 prompt once printing has finished.

NOTE: To set a custom ROI, go to the general setup mode and change the ULD and LLD for one of the keys.
Then return to the MCA manual mode.

Count By Preset Time

1. At the “Enter preset count time” prompt, press <Save> to keep the displayed count time and proceed
to step #2 or enter a new count time in seconds and press the flashing <Save> key.

2. To count a known isotope press the appropriate isotope key, or press <Count> if the currently
selected isotope is desired. To count an undetermined isotope, press the <Other> key. The system
begins to count, starting with the number 1, until reaching the preset time limit. The running count
time is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the main display.

NOTE: The preset ROI for the <Other> key is 117 keV to 2,000 keV with a gain of 1.

3. Press the <*> key to stop the count at any point. To begin counting again, press either <Count> or an
appropriate isotope key. The system resets to zero and begins a new count.

4. Once the count is stopped, the <Data> key begins to flash. Press this key to generate a MCA - Manual
Mode Report or press <Count> or an appropriate isotope key to begin a new count. The first time you
press <Data>, headings will be printed on the report along with the first line of data. If you take
additional counts, a new line of data will be added to the report each time you follow a count by pressing
<Data>. To complete the report and exit back to the “Mode #5 - MCA Usage” prompt, press <Clear>.

5. If desired, press <Spectrum> to generate a printed spectrum report. Press the <Clear> key to exit
back to the Mode #5 prompt.

NOTE: If you change isotopes the report will end and a new report will be printed with the new isotope when
the <Data> key is pressed.

— 53 — OPERATION
1. INTRODUCTION

Count By Preset Counts

1. At the “Enter preset count” prompt, press <Save> to keep the displayed count time and proceed to
step #2 or enter a new count time in seconds and press the flashing <Save> key.

2. To count a known isotope press the appropriate isotope key, or press <Count> if the currently
selected isotope is desired. To count an undetermined isotope, press the <Other> key. The system
begins to count, starting with the number 1, until reaching the preset time limit. The running count
time is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the main display.

NOTE: The preset ROI for the <Other> key is 117 keV to 2,000 keV with a gain of 1.

3. Press the <*> key to stop the count at any point. To begin counting again, press either <Count> or an
appropriate isotope key. The system resets to zero and begins a new count.

4. Once the count is stopped, the <Data> key begins to flash. Press this key to generate a MCA - Manual
Mode Report or press <Count> or an appropriate isotope key to begin a new count. The first time you
press <Data>, headings will be printed on the report along with the first line of data. If you take
additional counts, a new line of data will be added to the report each time you follow a count by pressing
<Data>. To complete the report and exit back to the “Mode #5 - MCA Usage” prompt, press <Clear>.

5. If desired, press <Spectrum> to generate a printed spectrum report. Press the <Clear> key to exit
back to the Mode #5 prompt.

NOTE: If you change isotopes the report will end and a new report will be printed with the new isotope when
the <Data> key is pressed.

OPERATION — 54 —
1. INTRODUCTION

Figure 12. A sample MCA Manual Mode report – Preset Time.

— 55 — OPERATION
CONTENTS

Figure 13. A sample MCA Manual Mode report – Continuous Counting.

OPERATION — 56 —
CONTENTS

Figure 14. A sample Spectrum report.

— 57 — OPERATION
APPENDIX I

ATOMLAB 930 ERROR MESSAGES

ERROR # DESCRIPTION

01 Battery voltage is low

02 Display unit checksum failed
03 Display RAM failure
04 MCA critical value checksum failure
05 Setmca () isotope record is invalid
09 ROI is narrow
10 Count rate is <10,000 cpm
11 Count rate is >600,000 cpm
12 No peak in ROI
13 Communication failure
15 MCA clock failure
20 High energy peak
21 Low energy peak
22 Cs-137 Upper ROI is out of range
23 Cs-137 Lower ROI is out of range
24 High count rate. No correction factor
25 Schilling background > standard
26 EEPROM contains bad information
102 General failure
no # Error: Byte #___ did NOT verify!
no # Standard is too old
no # Error: No patients

APPENDIX I — 59 —
APPENDIX II

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
MEDICAL SPECTROMETER HARDWARE:
Multi-Channel Analyzer
Channels: 256
Inputs: Probe and well
Spectral Resolution: FWHM 10%
Count Rate: (Maximum) 100,000 cps
Count Rate Stability: 99%
Gross Count Rate Linearity: Within 5% up to 100,000 cps
Pulse Height Linearity: Within 2% (independent of detector)
Connectors: Signal (BNC); high voltage (MHV)
Power Supply: Regulated from 775-1225 VDC at 2 mAmps
Detector High Voltage Adjustment: Automatic H.V. adjustment for both
probe & well. Uses 10 mCi Cs-137 as the calibration source.
Amplifier Gain: Automatic/User-defined. Contains built in pre-amplifier for direct connection to tube base.
Automatic gain switching with isotope selection: 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 48
Radionuclide: Seven pre-selected radionuclides: I-123, I-125, I-131, Co-57, Cr-51, Tc-99m and Cs-137. Also one user-
identified isotope selection.
Energy Level Discriminators: Preset/User-defined LLD-ULD.
Preset Time: 0-9999 seconds
Clock Speed: 10 MHz (MCA)
Display: LCD 2 Line
Viewing Area: 154 mm w x 15.3 mm h
Characters: 3.2 mm w x 4.85 mm h
Printer Output Port: RS-232 serial port
Processor:
-MCA Processor: DSP, 10 M.I.P.S.
-Micro Controller: 12 MHz
-(keyboard, display, printer)
Dimensions: 12" w x 14" l x 3.5" h (31 x 36 x 9 cm)
Weight: 8 lb (3.6 kg)
Power: 115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Printer: Serial Printer with 32K memory

MEDICAL SPECTOMETER PROGRAMS

Programs: Thyroid Uptake, Wipe Test, Bioassay, Schilling Test, Administration/QA, Manual MCA

Radionuclides:
Factory Programmed: I-123, I-125, I-131, Co-57, Cr-51, Tc-99m, Cs-137 and one user defined

Wipe Test Software Choices: Am-241, Au-198, BA-133, Co-57, Co-58, Co-60, Cr-51, Cs-137, Fe-59, Ga-67, Hg-197, Hg-
203, I-123, I-125, I-131, In-111, Ir-192, K-42, Na-24, Pd-103, Se-75, Sr-85, Tc-99m, TI-201, Yb-169 and 5 user defined
isotopes

OTHER HARDWARE:
Probe: 2" x 2" Nal (T1) integral line scintillation detector with tube base

Uptake Stand:
Dimensions: 39" l x 30" w x 62" h (99.1 x 76.2 x 157.5 cm)
Arm: Counterbalanced, two section arm, moves 22.5" vertically and extends
29" horizontally from stand's vertical column.
Casters: 3" maxi-lok
Weight: 296 lb (134.3 kg)

187-246 Well Counter:

Detector: 2" x 2" Nal (T1) integral line detector with a .75" diameter x 1.44" deep well (1.9 x 3.7 cm)
Lead Shielding: 1" thick (2.5 cm)
Cover: .125" thick (.32 cm)
Connectors: Signal (BNC), high voltage (MHV)
Weight: 54 lb (24.5 kg)

Optional:
187-256 Well Counter:
Lead Shielding: 2" thick (5 cm)
Cover: .125" thick (.32 cm)

Certification: ETL Listed to UL 2601 Std. and CAN CSA C22.2 No. 601.1-M90 and CE approved.

— 61 — APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

NOTE: This MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT needs special precautions regarding EMC and needs to be
installed and put into service according to the EMC information provided in the ACCOMPANYING
DOCUMENTS. See chart on next page

NOTE: Portable and mobile RF communications equipment can affect MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.

NOTE: Contact Biodex Medical Systems for additional EMC information.

APPENDIX III — 62 —
 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATABLILTY FOR ATLOMAB 930
1. INTRODUCTION

— 63 —
3/28/05

APPENDIX III
APPENDIX IV

SCHEMATICS
The Schematics listed below are on the following pages.

• Schematic Controller
• Assembly, PC B Keyboard Thyroid Uptake
• Schematic, Keyboard Atomlab 100-200
• Schematic, 80 Character Display
• Assembly, PC B, MCA
• Schematic, MCA/HZ, page 1 of 2
• Schematic, MCA/HZ, pae 2 of 2
• Assembly, PCB Display
• Assembly, PC Board Controller, 900

APPENDIX IV — 65 —
 BIODEX
Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.
20 Ramsay Road, Shirley, New York, 11967-0702, Tel: 800-224-6339 (In NY and Int’l, call 631-924-9000), Fax: 631-924-9241, Email: sales@biodex.com, www.biodex.com