CSIT 112 LESSON 3 HISTIORY OF COMPUTER

LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER

Computer – is an electronic device that processes Early Mechanical Devices:
data according to a set of instructions ( a program )
1642: Pascaline – Blaise Pascal invents the
to produce meaningful output.
Pascaline, an early mechanical calculator capable of
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER performing basic arithmetic operations.
A. Speed – computers can process data and 1673: Leibniz’s Stepped Reckoner –
perform complex calculations at incredibly Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improves on Pascal's
high speed. work by developing the Stepped Reckoner, capable
B. Accuracy – computers are highly accurate, of multiplication and division.
consistent, and reliable results.
19th Century Developments:
C. Automation – once programmed computers
can perform task automatically w/o human 1801: Jacquard Loom – Joseph Marie
intervention. Jacquard invents the Jacquard loom, which uses
D. Storage – computer can store vast amounts punched cards to control the weaving patterns, an
of data, which can be retrieved & used early form of programmability.
wherever needed.
1822: Difference Engine – Charles Babbage
E. Versatility – computers can be programmed
designs the Difference Engine, an early mechanical
to solve different types of problems & adapt
computer intended to automate polynomial
to various applications.
calculations.
F. Diligence - computers can work continuously
without getting tired or losing concentration. 1837: Analytical Engine – Babbage
G. Connectivity – can connect to networks conceptualizes the Analytical Engine, a general-
allowing them to share data & resources. purpose computing machine. Although never
completed, it laid the groundwork for modern
computers.
LESSON 2 LIMITATION OF COMPUTER
1843: Ada Lovelace’s Algorithm – Ada
1. Lack of Intelligence Lovelace writes the first algorithm intended for
 Computer cannot think or make Babbage’s Analytical Engine, making her the first
decisions on their own. computer programmer.
2. Dependency of Instruction
Early 20th Century:
 They cannot deviate from or interpret
instructions creatively limiting their 1936: Turing Machine – Alan Turing
ability to handle unforeseen introduces the concept of the Turing Machine, a
circumstances. theoretical model that forms the foundation of
3. No Learning Capability computer science.
 Traditional computers do not learn
1937: Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) –
from past experiences or mistakes.
John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry develop the ABC,
 They cannot improve their
the first electronic digital computer, though it was not
performance w/o updates or new
programmable.
programming.
4. No Emotions 1939: Hewlett-Packard Founded – Bill
 Computers cannot make decisions Hewlett and Dave Packard establish Hewlett-
based on feeling or moral Packard, which would become a major player in the
considerations. computer industry.
5. Requires Human Intervention
1941: Z3 – Konrad Zuse completes the Z3,
 Despite their automation capabilities
the first programmable digital computer.
computers stills require human
interventions. World War II Era:
6. Limited Creativity
1943: Colossus – The Colossus, developed
 Computer cannot create original
by British codebreakers including Alan Turing, is the
ideas, solutions, or artistic work
first programmable digital computer used to decipher
independently.
encrypted communications.
 1944: Harvard Mark I – Howard Aiken Microsoft’s MS-DOS as a dominant operating
develops the Harvard Mark I, an electromechanical system.
computer used during World War II.
1984: Apple Macintosh – Apple launches
1945: ENIAC – John Presper Eckert and the Macintosh, the first personal computer with a
John Mauchly complete the ENIAC (Electronic graphical user interface (GUI) and a mouse.
Numerical Integrator and Computer), the first
1985: Microsoft Windows – Microsoft
general-purpose electronic digital computer.
releases Windows 1.0, an operating system with a
Post-War Developments: graphical user interface, making computing more
accessible to the general public.
1947: Invention of the Transistor – William
Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invent 1990s: The Internet and Multimedia Era:
the transistor, revolutionizing computer design by
1991: World Wide Web – Tim Berners-Lee
replacing vacuum tubes.
develops the World Wide Web, revolutionizing how
1949: EDSAC – The EDSAC (Electronic information is accessed and shared globally.
Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) is completed,
1993: Mosaic Browser – The Mosaic web
becoming the first stored-program computer to
browser is released, popularizing the internet and
operate a regular computing service.
making it more user-friendly.
1951: UNIVAC I – Eckert and Mauchly
1995: Windows 95 – Microsoft launches
develop the UNIVAC I, the first commercial
Windows 95, which includes a start button, taskbar,
computer delivered to a business client, the U.S.
and built-in internet support, greatly influencing
Census Bureau.
personal computing.
1950s - 1960s: The Mainframe Era:
1998: Google Founded – Larry Page and
1956: IBM 305 RAMAC – IBM introduces Sergey Brin found Google, which would become the
the IBM 305 RAMAC, the first computer to use a most popular search engine and a significant player
hard disk drive for storage. in internet services.
1957: FORTRAN – IBM develops 2000s: The Mobile and Cloud Computing Era:
FORTRAN (Formula Translation), the first high-
2001: Apple iPod – Apple releases the iPod,
level programming language.
revolutionizing digital music consumption and
1964: IBM System/360 – IBM announces leading to the development of other mobile devices.
the System/360, a family of compatible mainframe
2007: Apple iPhone – Apple launches the
computers, marking a shift towards standardized
iPhone, combining a phone, iPod, and internet
computing systems.
communicator into one device, revolutionizing
1970s: The Rise of Personal Computing: mobile computing.
1971: Intel 4004 – Intel releases the 4004, the 2008: Google Android – Google releases
first microprocessor, paving the way for personal Android, an open-source mobile operating system,
computers. becoming a dominant force in mobile computing.
1975: Altair 8800 – The Altair 8800, the first 2010: Apple iPad – Apple introduces the
commercially successful personal computer, is iPad, popularizing tablet computing.
introduced, sparking the personal computing
2011: IBM Watson – IBM's Watson
revolution.
computer system defeats human champions on the
1976: Apple I – Steve Jobs and Steve game show Jeopardy!, showcasing the power of
Wozniak release the Apple I, one of the first personal artificial intelligence.
computers to come with a fully assembled
2010s - Present: The AI and Cloud Era:
motherboard.
2012: Raspberry Pi – The Raspberry Pi, a
1977: Apple II – The Apple II, an improved
low-cost, credit-card-sized computer, is released,
version of the Apple I, becomes one of the most
promoting programming and computing education.
popular early personal computers.
2014: Amazon Echo – Amazon introduces
1980s: The PC Revolution:
the Echo, a smart speaker powered by the AI assistant
1981: IBM PC – IBM introduces the IBM Alexa, popularizing voice-activated computing.
Personal Computer (IBM PC), which becomes the
2020: Quantum Computing
standard for personal computing and establishes
Advancements – Major tech companies like Google
and IBM make significant strides in quantum
computing, signaling the future of computing
technology.