For Question No 01/02 : (Identification of i.

Concrete Noun (Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨

Parts of Speech.) we‡kl¨) : Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡g †h mKj
Kinds/ Classification (cÖKvi‡f`) e¨w³/e¯‘‡K Dcjwä Kiv hvq,
Parts of Speech ej‡Z kvwãK A‡_© †m¸‡jv‡K Concrete Noun e‡j| †hgb–
e³e¨ ev wee„wZ ev K_vi Bird, Car, Bottle, Water, Wind
Askmg~n‡K †evSvq| Avgiv hLb BZ¨vw`|
GKUv mv_©K evK¨ ewj, Zv‡Z †ek Concrete Noun Avevi Pvi fv‡M wef³|
KZK¸‡jv A_©c~Y© kã _v‡K| h_v–
cÖ‡Z¨KwU A_©c~Y© kã‡K Parts of
1. Proper Noun (wbw`©ó we‡kl¨);
Speech ev c` e‡j| Bs‡iwR fvlvq c` AvU
2. Common Noun (RvwZevPK
cÖKvi| h_v :
we‡kl¨);
1. Noun; 5. Adverb;
2. Pronoun; 6. Preposition; 3. Collective Noun (mgwóevPK
3. Adjective; 7. Conjunction; we‡kl¨) I
4. Verb; 8. Interjection. 4. Material Noun (e¯‘evPK we‡kl¨)|
Noun : ÔNoun is a naming word.Õ gv‡b 1. Proper Noun (wbw`©ó we‡kl¨) :
Noun n‡”Q †Kv‡bv wKQyi bvg| †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³, e¯‘ ev
A_©vr, †Kv‡bv e¨w³, cÖvYx, e¯‘, ¯’v‡bi bvg eySv‡Z Proper Noun
¯’vb, wKsev K‡g©i bvg‡K Noun e‡j| e¨eüZ nq| †hgb– Masud, Bogra,
†hgb : Nazrul, Dhaka, Cat, Pan, Decision Quran, Jamuna, Himalayas, Everest
cÖf…wZ| BZ¨vw`|
 Name of Beings (human or animal) : Man, 2. Common Noun (RvwZevPK
Cow. we‡kl¨) : †h Word Øviv GK
 Name of Goods/ Things : Books, Bags. RvZxq e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’v‡bi bvg
†evSvq Zv‡K Common Noun e‡j|
 Name of Place : Dhaka, Chittagong.
†hgb– Cow, Elephant, Man, Girl,
 Name of Quality : Honesty, Kindness.
Teacher BZ¨vw`|
ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ Noun wPbe wKfv‡e?
3. Collective Noun (mgwóevPK
ev‡K¨ mvaviYZ Subject I Object-Gi
we‡kl¨) : †h Word Øviv `‡ji
RvqMvq Noun e‡m| Gevi D`vniY w`‡q
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K c„_K K‡i bv eywS‡q
eywS|
mKj‡K mgwóMZfv‡e †evSvq,
Noun-†K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv
Zv‡K Collective Noun e‡j| †hgb–
hvq| h_v–
Group, Crowd, Community
i. Concrete Noun (Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ BZ¨vw`|
we‡kl¨);
4. Material Noun (e¯‘evPK we‡kl¨)
ii. Abstract Noun (¸YevPK we‡kl¨)| : †h Word Øviv †Kv‡bv A‡PZb
c`v_© ev Dcv`v‡bi bvg
 †evSvq, Zv‡K Material Noun e‡j| herself, themselves, myself, one another,
†hgb– Sand, Spice, Gum, Stream, each other, me, her, him, them, us, ours,
Steel, Iron BZ¨vw`| theirs, what, who, which, when, how, where
ii. Abstract Noun (¸YevPK we‡kl¨) : cÖf…wZ|
†h Word Øviv †Kv‡bv ¸Y, †`vl, mvaviYfv‡e pronoun ej‡Z Avgiv Ic‡ii
Ae¯’v ev Kv‡Ri bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K k㸇jv‡K eywS| wb‡P wKQy D`vniY
Abstract Noun e‡j| †hgb– Genorisity, †`qv nj|
Ugliness, Welth, Drinking, Humidity 1. I always go to him.
BZ¨vw`| 2. We should love ourselves.
Abstract Noun-†K Avevi `yB fv‡M fvM 3. No body is liable for this.
Kiv hvq| h_v– 4. None can challenge us.
a. Countable Noun (MYbvevPK we‡kl¨); 5. Do you know who he was?
b. Uncountable Noun (AMYbvevPK evK¨¸‡jv c‡o †evSv hvq Pronoun †Kej
we‡kl¨)| Subject wKsev Object-Gi RvqMvq e‡m|
a. Countable Noun (MYbvevPK Adjective (we‡klY)
we‡kl¨) : MYbv Kiv hvq Ggb hv ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ Noun ev Pronoun-Gi
e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’v‡bi bvg‡K †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v, cwigvY cÖf…
Countable Noun e‡j| †hgb Man, wZ cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Adjective e‡j|
Dog, Table, Chair, Class, Ship †hgb :
BZ¨vw`|
mvaviYZ Proper, Common, good boy
1. Sujan is a Adj
Collective Noun-Gi k㸇jv Noun .
Countable Noun. h_v He is Rahim. Noun-Gi ¸Y
The cow is a domestic animal. We enough money
2. He has Adj to buy a car.
have a club in our village. Noun
b. Uncountable Noun (AMYbvevPK Noun-Gi
we‡kl¨) : MYbv Kiv hvq bv Giƒc cwigvY
wRwb‡mi bvg ev Word-†K This Car
3. Adj runs well.
Noun
Uncountable Noun e‡j| †hgb Salt,
Water, Kindness, Swimming Noun-Gi
BZ¨vw`| wb‡`©kK
first girl
Pronoun : ev‡K¨ Noun-Gi ¯’‡j †h kãwU 4. Tonu is the Adj in the class.
Noun
e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K Pronoun e‡j| †hgb
Noun-Gi ch©vq
: I, he you, she, they, we, this, those, that,
/ µg
these, one, someone, somebody, nobody,
none, everybody, everyone, each, himself,
ev‡K¨ e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K Adjective 1. Finite Verb : †h Verb evK¨‡K
`yB cÖKvi| h_v : m¤ú~Y© K‡i Ges hvi iƒc Number,
1. Attributive Use of Adjective, Person I Tense Øviv wbY©xZ nq,
2. Predicative Use of Adjective. Zv‡K Finite Verb e‡j|
draws
1. Attributive Use of Adjective : Adjective †hgb : Rana finite picture.
hLb Noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m Ges sin gs
mivmwi Noun-†K wb‡`©k K‡i, Rumana a song.
Finite
Zv‡K Attributive Use of Adjective e‡j| 2. Non-finite Verb : †h Verb evK¨‡K
†hgb : m¤ú~b© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv GgbwK hvi
good boy iƒc Number, Person Ges Tense Øviv
1. He is a Adjective
Noun . wbY©xZ nq bv Zv‡K Non-finite Verb
e‡j|
mivmwi Noun-†K wb‡`©k K‡i| wanted draw
†hgb :Rana finite to Non  finite a
int eresting scenery
2. It is an Adjective
Noun . picture.
likes to sin g
Rumana to a song.
mivmwi Noun-†K wb‡`©k K‡i| Finite Non  finite
2. Predicative Use of Adjective : Finite Verb-†K Avevi `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv
Adjective hLb Linking Verb ev Be hvq| h_v :
Verb-Gi c‡i e‡m Ges c‡iv¶fv‡e 1.PrincipalVerbormainVerborlexicalVerb;
Subject-†K wb‡`©k K‡i, Zv‡K 2. Auxiliary Verb or helping Verb.
Predicative Use of Adjective e‡j| 1. Principal Verb : †h Verb Ab¨
†hgb : †Kv‡bv Verb-Gi mvnvh¨ Qvov
1. The boy is good. ev‡K¨i cwic~Y©fv‡e A_© cÖKvk
2. The scenery is interesting. Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K Principal Verb e‡j|
Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Principal Verb
Qvov evK¨ MVb m¤¢e bq| G Rb¨
Adjective c‡iv¶fv‡e Subject-†K wb‡`©k G Verb-†K Lexical Verb or Main Verb
Ki‡Q| e‡j|
Verb : Verb Ggb GKwU kã hv 2. Auxiliary Verb : †h Verb Ab¨
†Kv‡bvwKQy _vKv, nIqv ev Kiv‡K †Kv‡bv Verb-Gi mvnvh¨ Qvov
†evSvq| Verb is a word that denotes ev‡K¨i A_© m¤ú~Y„ ©fv‡e
actions. †hgb : having, being, doing, etc. cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K Auxiliary
Verb cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v : Verb e‡j| G‡K Helping Verb-I ejv nq|
1. Finite Verb, 2. Non-finite Verb. Auxiliary Verb wewfbœ ai‡bi nq|
†hgb :
 ÔBeÕ Verb : am, is, are was, were, just after
4. The rain started Conj
we had
being, been. Adv

ÔHaveÕ Verb : have, has, had, having, reached the station.

been.
Re ally he was the victim of terrorism
ÔDoÕ Verb : do, does, did. 5. .
Adv Sentence
Modal Verb : †h me Verb ev‡K¨ g~j
Verb-Gi mvnvh¨Kvix wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ mvaviYZ †h me k‡ãi †k‡l ÔlyÕ _v‡K,
nq Ges †h¸‡jv Ae¯’v‡bi ci g~j Verb †mme kãvewj Adverb. GQvov, wb‡P
Gi form-Gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv K‡qK cÖKv‡ii Adverb †`Lv‡bv nj
†m¸‡jv‡K Modals or Modal Verb e‡j|
1. Adverb of Time : Daily, always, now,
†hgb : shall, will, should, would, may, can,
then, ago, often, never, after, already,
might, could, must, ought to, need, dare, be
soon, before, today, tomorrow, yesterday,
used to, had to, has to, have to, will have to,
formerly cÖf…wZ|
am to, is to, are to, is going to cÖf…wZ|
2. Adverb of Place : Inside, outside, far,
Avevi, G‡`i g‡a¨ need, dare, is going to-
near, below, nowhere, everywhere, here,
†K semi-Modals-I ejv nq| KviY, G Verb-
there, anywhere cÖf…wZ|
¸‡jv ev‡K¨ Principal Ges Auxiliary
3. Adverb of Manner : Silently, sweetly,
`yÕfv‡eB e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
highly, probably, gently, how, so, slowly,
g‡b †i‡Lv : Verb n‡”Q Sentence-Gi
really, cartainly, quickly cÖf…wZ|
GKwU ¸i“Z¦c~Y© Parts of Speech. KviY,
Verb Qvov †Kv‡bv Sentence nq bv| 4. Adverb of Degree : Too, quite, almost,
Adverb : †h Word noun ev pronoun fully, wholly, twice, thrice, so, very,
e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ Parts of Speech, †hgb : much cÖf…wZ|
Verb, Adjective, adverb, preposition, 5. Adverb of Cause and Effect : Why,
conjunction GgbwK †Kv‡bv Sentence-†K hence, consequently, yet, still,
chšÍ© modify ev wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K accordingly, therefore, however cÖf…
Adverb e‡j| †hgb wZ|
reads well 6. Adverb of Assertion : Yes, no, truly,
1. He the book
Verb Adv . possibly, not, certainly, surely, indeed,
perhaps, really, in fact, probably cÖf…
very sweetly wZ|
2. He sings .
Adv Adv
7. Interrogative Adverb : How, often, how
Just at
3. He will come 10 a.m. much, how many, why, where cÖf…
Adv prep
wZ|
Preposition : ÔPreÕ I ÔPositionÕ-G
`ywU kã wg‡j Preposition MwVZ nq|
hvi Av¶wiK A_© `uvovq c~‡e© ev Neither he nor his brother
2 . Conj. has gone
Av‡M Ae¯’vb| †hme kã Noun ev Pr on Conj Clause
Pronoun-Gi Av‡M e‡m ev‡K¨i Ab¨vb¨ to school.
k‡ãi mv‡_ m¤•K© ¯’vcb K‡i, Zv‡K He walks fast lest he should miss the bus.
3. .
Preposition e‡j| Sentence Conj Sentence

†hgb : 1. I am looking for a job. GLb, Bs‡iwR fvlvq hZ¸‡jv Conjunction

2. He is coming from school. †`Lv hvq †m¸‡jv wbæiƒc :
3. Divide the mangoes between two And, as well as, also, too, yet, only,
brothers. therefore, and, so, not only but also, either–
or, neither–nor, but, still, however, where as,
D`vniY¸‡jv c‡o †evSv hvq Preposition nevertheless, then, thus, consequently, since,
wKfv‡e `y‡Uv k‡ãi mv‡_ mgš^q as, because, lest, that, so that, in order that,
mvab K‡i| if, if not, in case, even if, as if, provided,
wbྠwKQy Preposition-Gi D`vniY unless, whether, till, until, though, although,
†`qv nj : as, than, so – as, as – as, according as, as
long as, so long as, no less than, the same –
At, in, of, for, to, with, by, from, off, on, as, the same – that, such – as, no fewer –
after, before, into, onto, upto, within, across, than, both – and, while, like, how, had,
about, behind, above, below, along, would, no sooner – had, as soon as.
between, beside, beyond, past, taking, Interjection : †hme kã g‡bi AvKw¯§K
according, concerning, regarding, speaking fve †hgb Avb›`, nl©, welv`, N„Yv,
cÖf…wZ| D”Q¡vm cÖf…wZ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨
Conjunction : ÔConjunctionÕ k‡ãi A_© e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡K Interjection e‡j| †hgb
Ôms‡hvRKÕ| †h me kã ev k㸔Q `yB Hurrah! Ah! Oh! Ha! Alas! Fie! Hello!
ev Z‡ZvwaK Word wKsev Phrase ev Bravo! Humph! Hess! Hark! Hush! Tut! Fie!
Clause-Gi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i G k㸇jvi kvwãK †Kv‡bv A_© †bB|
Zv‡K Conjunction e‡j| we‡kl ai‡bi wewfbœ fve cÖKv‡ki
Preposition I Conjunction-Gi gv‡S †¶‡Î G¸‡jv e¨eüZ nq| Avevi A‡bK
cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq? j¶¨ Ki, Preposition mgq `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK kã wg‡jI
`ywU k‡ãi (hvi GKwU Noun/ Pronoun) Interjection nq| †hgb :
g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Conjunction Good gracious! For GodÕs sake! By Allah!
`y‡Uv kã, Phrase wKsev Clause GgbwK Good Heaven!
`ywU ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i| 2. Gap filling with clues ( parts of speech,
†hgb use of articles, prepositions etc)
The-Gi e¨envi :
1. gnvmvMi, DcmvMi, mvMi, b`x,
ce©Z‡kÖwY, ØxccyÄ, RvnvR
 BZ¨vw`i bv‡gi Av‡M ÔTheÕ e‡m| An I The e¨envi Kiv nq| myZivs A, An
†hgb : The Himalayas, The Pacific, The Ges The- †K Article ejv nq|
Bay of Bengal, The Titanic, The Atlantic †hgb : Walking on the road, I saw a dead
cÖf…wZ| cow.
2. ag©MÖš’ I cwÎKvi bv‡gi Av‡M I saw the cow which was eating grass.
ÔTheÕ e‡m| †hgb : The Daily Star, Article `yB cÖKvi| h_v :
The Daily Observer, The Holy Quran, The 1. Definite Article : The
Holy Gita, The Holy Tripitaka, etc. 2. Indefinite Article : A, An
3. ms‡¶wcZ †`‡ki bv‡g ev
eY©bvg~jK bv‡gi Av‡M ÔTheÕ A, An-Gi e¨envi :
e‡m| †hgb : The UK, The USA, The 1. k‡ãi cÖ_g Letter consonant _vK‡j
KSA, The Punjab, The USSR cÖf…wZ| ÔAÕ Ges cÖ_g Letter vowel n‡j
4. Superlative Degree-†Z I `yÕR‡bi ÔAnÕ e‡m| †hgb : A cow, An eye,
g‡a¨ Zzjbv †evSv‡Z Comparative etc.
degree-†Z ÔTheÕ e‡m| †hgb : 2. k‡ãi শুরুতে ÔUÕ, ÔEuÕ _vK‡j
Delowar is the best boy in the class. Rumi Ges Zvi D”PviY hw` ÔUÕ-Gi gZ
is more beautiful of the two sisters. nq, Zvn‡j H k‡ãi Av‡M ÔAÕ e‡m|
5. RvwZ I m¤•Ö`v‡qi bv‡gi Av‡M †hgb: A University, A European.
ÔTheÕ e‡m| fvlvi bv‡gi c~‡e© 3. ÔOÕ Gi D”PviY ÔIqvÕ n‡j Zvi
ÔTheÕ e‡m bv| †hgb : The English c~‡e© ÔAÕ Ges ÔIÕ n‡j Zvi
is a brave nation. The rich do not help c~‡e© ÔAnÕ e‡m| †hgb : An
the poor. English is a very rich language. orange, An open field, A one taka note
6. †h me Noun Øviv †ckv ev e„wË cÖf…wZ|
†evSvq, †m¸‡jvi c~‡e© ÔTheÕ 4. msw¶ß k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Vowel-Gi gZ
e‡m| †hgb : He joined the Bar. He D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M ÔAnÕ e‡m|
retired from the army. †hgb : An M.A, AnFRCS, an MBA, An
7. Common Noun ev Adjective-G Abstract MBBS.
Idea ev evPK aviYv †evSv‡Z Zv‡`i Avevi, msw¶ß k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i
Av‡M ÔTheÕ emv‡bv nq| †hgb : Consonant-Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi
The mother rose in her. The mother cannot Av‡M ÔAÕ e‡m| †hgb : ABBA, A
be exhausted. The fox was found in him. BA, A BSS, A BSC.
8. c`we ev Dcvwai Av‡M ÔTheÕ 5. k‡ãi ïi“‡Z ÔHÕ _vK‡j Ges hw` H
e‡m| †hgb : The Prime Minister, The ÔHÕ (n) D”PvwiZ bv nq Zvn‡j
Headmaster, The Chairman. ÔAnÕ Ges (n) D”PvwiZ n‡j ÔAÕ
9. esk ev †Mvôxi bv‡gi Av‡M ÔTheÕ e‡m|
e‡m| †hgb : The Khans, The Mughals, †hgb: A hotel, A historian, An honest
The Pathans, etc. man.
10. †Kv‡bv msMVb, ivR‰bwZK `j, 6. Zzjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` Proper Noun,
e¨vÛ ev bvU¨‡Mvôxi bv‡gi Av‡M Common Noun-G cwiYZ n‡q hvq,
ÔTheÕ e‡m| †hgb : The LRB, The Zvn‡j Zvi c~‡e© ÔA/AnÕ (Vowel/
Nagar Baul, The Awami League, The Consonant Abymv‡i) e‡m| †hgb :
BNP. He is like a Nepolian.
ev‡K¨ Noun-Gi c~‡e© wbw`©óZv 7. Many and Such Gi c‡i Singular
ev Awbw`©óZv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ A, Common Noun e¨eüZ n‡j Gi Av‡M
 ÔA/AnÕ e‡m| †hgb : 1. Group of words (GK¸”Q kã)
I want such a boy. Many a boy was 2. Order of the words (kãvewji k„Ljv)
present in the school. 3. A complete sense (A‡_©i c~Y©Zv)
8. wKQy Phrase-Gi g‡a¨/শুরুতে Zvn‡j ev‡K¨i msÁvwU Gfv‡e
ÔA/AnÕ e‡m| †hgb : a lot of, a few, a wba©viY Kiv hvq : ÒA sentence is a
little, a great many, a great deal of, in a group of words that are arranged in a way to
hurry, in a body, in a nutshell, in a fix, in provide a complete sense or meaning.Ó
a temper, take an interest cÖf…wZ| (evK¨ nj KZK¸‡jv k‡ãi mgwó †h¸‡jv
9. Mr, Mrs I Miss-Gi Av‡M AcwiwPZ Ggbfv‡e mw¾Z nq hv GKwU
A‡_© ÔAÕ e‡m| †hgb : A Mr S.V. cwic~Y© Abyf‚wZ ev A_© cÖKvk
Sen called at my office. A Miss Neela K‡i|)
has come to my school. ev‡K¨i g~j MVb KvVv‡gv GK n‡jI
3. For Question No 03 (Substitution table. ) wewfbœ ai‡bi evK¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
evsjv fvlvi b¨vq Bs‡iwR fvlvqI evK¨ ZvB Structure ev MV‡bi w`K †_‡K
MV‡bi †¶‡Î mywbw`©ó wKQy wbqg evK¨ cuvP cÖKvi| h_v :
Av‡Q| G wbq‡gi †¶‡Î e¨wZµg n‡jB 1. Assertive Sentence (wee„wZg~jK
h_vh_ Sentence ev evK¨ n‡e bv| evK¨);
Avgiv GLb cvkvcvwk mvRv‡bv 2. Interrogative Sentence (cÖkœ‡evaK
wb‡Pi kã¸wj cwo| evK¨);
Goes he home. No have I pen. Rice we eat. 3. Imperative Sentence (AbyÁvm~PK
j¶¨ Ki‡j †evSv hvq, cvkvcvwk evK¨);
mvRv‡bv Dc‡iv³ k㸇jvi g‡a¨ 4. Optative Sentence (B”Qvm~PK
†Kv‡bv mgš^q ev wgj †bB| wKš‘ evK¨);
evsjvi gZ Bs‡iwR‡ZI wbw`©ó 5. Exclamatory Sentence (we¯§qm~PK
wbqgvewj AbymiY Kiv nq| †hgb : evK¨)|
1. N/P + Verb + N/P [N/P = Noun/Pronoun Assertive Sentence : †h ev‡K¨ mvaviYZ
(Sub)] †Kv‡bv Z_¨, wee„wZ ev eY©bv
2. N/P + Verb cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Assertive Sentence
3. N/P + Verb + Adj ev eY©bvg~jK evK¨ e‡j| †hgb : The
4. Verb + N/P cow lives on grass. Sabina was drinking
†gvUK_v, evK¨ MV‡bi cÖavb kZ© nj, water. We have a cow.
cÖ_‡g Subject (Noun /Pronoun), Zvici j¶¨ Ki, G evK¨¸‡jv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖkœ,
Verb Ges me‡k‡l Object (Noun / Pronoun B”Qv, Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, we¯§q Ggb
_vK‡Z n‡e). ai‡bi wKQy cÖKvwkZ nq wb|
Zvn‡j, Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, Subject-Gi m‡egvÎ Z‡_¨i mvaviY eY©bv Kiv
RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q Noun/Pronoun (N/P) n‡q‡Q|
Ges Object-Gi RvqMvqI †mB MVb cÖYvjx :
Noun/Pronoun. myZivs, GwU my¯úó Assertive Sentence-Gi wbw`©ó MVb
†h, evK¨¸‡jv‡Z GKUv wbw`©ó Order KvVv‡gv i‡q‡Q| †hgb : Subject + Verb
(k„Ljv), wKQy kã I GKUv cwic~Y© + Object : I need a pen.
Sense (Abyf‚wZ) KvR Ki‡Q| †mB Subject + Verb + Adjective/ Adverb :
wn‡m‡e wZbUv welq GKUv mv_©K She is beautiful. She walks slowly.
ev‡K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
†m¸‡jv nj :
Subject + Verb. : Rahim laughs| G Optative Sentence : †h evK¨¸‡jv Øviv
wZbwU KvVv‡gvi Ici wfwË K‡i †`vqv, cÖv_©bv, B”Qv, Kvgbv cÖf…
Assertive Sentence MwVZ nq| wZ cÖKvk cvq †m¸‡jv‡K Optative
Interrogative Sentence : †h ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv Sentence e‡j| †hgb : May you live long.
cÖkœ Kiv ev wR‡Ám Kiv nq, Zv‡K Long live our president. May Bangladesh
Interrogative Sentence e‡j| †hgb : Where prosper day by day.
are you going? When will you come? Can Dc‡iv³ evK¨¸‡jvi meKwU‡Z Kvgbv,
you draw the picture? cÖv_©bv, B”Qv cÖf…wZ cÖKvwkZ
j¶¨ Ki, cÖwZwU ev‡K¨ cÖkœ ev n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi ev‡K¨i MVb cÖYvjx
wR‡Ám Kiv n‡”Q| ZvB evK¨¸‡jv wbæiƒc :
Interrogative. þ May + Subject + Verb + Object /
MVb cÖYvjx : Complement.
þ Be Verb + Subject + Principal Verb + May you be happy.
Object? þ Long + Verb + Subject : Long live
þ Do/ Did/ Does + Subject + Principal Verb Bangladesh.
+ Object? MVb cÖYvjxi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq,
þ Have/ Has/ Had + Subject + Principal G ai‡bi evK¨¸‡jvi ïi“‡Z Subject ev
Verb + Object? KZ©v _v‡K bv| eis ÔMayÕ wKsev
þ Interrogative Pronoun + Be Verb + ÔLongÕ Øviv evK¨ Avi¤¢ nq|
Subject + Principal Verb + Object? Exclamatory Sentence : †h evK¨¸‡jv g‡bi
MVb cÖYvjxi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e AvKw¯§K Abyf‚wZ ev D”Q¡vm ev
G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ Subject ev KZ©vi Av‡M we¯§q cÖKvk K‡i, Zv‡K Exclamatory
Be Verb/ Do Verb/ Have Verb/ Inter. Sentence ev we¯§qm~PK evK¨ e‡j|
Pronoun + Be Verb e‡m| †hgb : How beautiful a bird is! Alas! I am
Imperative Sentence : †h evK¨ Øviv undone. Fie! The boy does not take care of his
Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva BZ¨vw` parents. evK¨¸‡jv Øviv Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB
cÖKvk cvq Zv‡K Imperative Sentence †h, cÖwZwU evK¨B we¯§q, D”Q¡vm,
e‡j| †hgb : Do the work. Don't come here AvKw¯§K Abyf‚wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Q| Gevi
again. Take care of your health. Obey your evK¨¸‡jvi MVb cÖYvjxi w`‡K `„wó
parents. GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖ‡Z¨K †`qv hvK :
ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e Av‡`k, þ Interjection! Subject + Verb + Object /
Dc‡`k ev Aby‡iva cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Complement
G ai‡bi evK¨¸‡jvi MVb KvVv‡gv Hurrah! we have won the game.
¯^Zš¿| þ What a/ How + Adjective + Subject +
þ Verb + Object : Do the sums. Verb!
þ DonÕt + Verb + Object : Don't write the What a nice flower it is!
letter. þ Were + Subject + Object!
þ Let + Object + Verb + Object : Let him Were I the president of the U.S.A.
do it. þ If + Subject + were + Object!
MVb cÖYvjxi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e If I were President of Bangladesh!
G †kÖwYi evK¨¸‡jvi Subject _v‡K bv| þ Had + Subject + Verb + Object!
Verb wKsev DonÕt + Verb A_ev Let Had I the wings of a bird!
w`‡q evK¨ ïi“ nq| MVb KvVv‡gv‡Z †`Lv hvq
wewfbœfv‡e Exclamatory Sentence
MwVZ nq| mvaviYZ Exclamatory Subject Abyhvqx ÔdoÕ Ges ÔdoesÕ
Sentence wKsev G †kÖwYi ev‡K¨ Auxiliary wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
Interjection-Gi c‡i A_ev ev‡K¨i †k‡l †h me Verb-Gi †k‡l es/s hy³ _v‡K,
we¯§qm~PK (!) wPý e‡m| †Kej H Verb-¸‡jvi †¶‡Î ÔdoesÕ
4. Right form of Verbs. e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Verb evK¨ MV‡b GKwU Acwinvh© †hgb : Do you live with your family?
Dcv`vb| ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ Verb-Gi I donÕt feel lonely any more.
cwieZ©‡b m¤ú~Y©© evK¨wU‡Z He doesn't write a letter.
cÖfve c‡o| AZGe, Verb-Gi mwVK Does he write a letter?
iƒc‡f` m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©b Kiv Doesn't he write a letter?
AZ¨vek¨Kxq| wb‡P Verb-Gi wewfbœ
iƒc‡f` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv : 4. Past Indefinite Tense hy³ evK¨¸‡jv‡K
1. †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨i KZ©v hw` 3rd Person Interrogative I Negative Ki‡Z did, did
I Number-Gi w`K †_‡K Singular nq not e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| †hgb : Did you
Ges evK¨wU hw` Present Indefinite play in the rain, Sabera? The cap-seller
Tense-G _v‡K, Zvn‡j ev‡K¨i Verb- did not miss the chance. DidnÕt he know
wUi Present Form n‡e Ges Zvi mv‡_ the playersÕ name?
ÔsÕ ev ÔesÕ mshy³ n‡e| †hgb : 5. Be Verb (am, is, are, was, were),
1. Mita brings her clock in the class. ÔhaveÕ Verb (have, has, had) hy³
2. She takes the clock and shows it to the evK¨‡K Negative Ki‡Z G¸‡jvi
class. mv‡_ not/no Ges Interrogative Ki‡Z
3. Ms Asma Haque smiles. G¸‡jv Subject-Gi Av‡M em‡e Ges
Verb-Gi mv‡_ es/s †hvM Kivi Not, Subject-Gi c‡i e‡m| †hgb :
wbqgvewj wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv : ÒThis is not a bridge, Shihab, this is a
Ø Verb-Gi †k‡l Vowel + Vowel = s = flyover?Ó Transport was not available at
Lies night. ÒNo, there is no ghostÓ. I have no
Ø Verb-Gi †k‡l Consonant + y = ies = money. He has not come yet.
Tries 6. †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ Has/ Have/ Had _vK‡j
Ø Verb-Gi †k‡l Vowel + y = s = Says Zvici Noun e‡m Avi hw` Verb _v‡K,
Dc‡iv³ wbqgvewji w`‡K †Lqvj Zvn‡j H Verb Past Participle nq| †hgb
ivL‡j Verb-Gi mv‡_ s/es †hvM Ki‡Z : She has a cold and fever. The building
mnR nq| has twenty floors. They have played
2. †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ hw` wKQy Adverb football. Have you eaten rice? Lima had
RvZxq kã, †hgb : Always, Regularly, a bird in her cage.
Sometimes, Often, Generally, Daily, 7. AZxZ wb‡`©kK kã ev kãvewj,
Everyday, Occasionally, Usually, †hgb : Yesterday/ Last day/ night/
Normally BZ¨vw` _v‡K Z‡e Present week/ month/ year/ ago/ long/ since
Indefinite Tense nq| G‡`i mv‡_I _vK‡j Verb-Gi Past form nq| †hgb :
Dc‡iv³ wbq‡g s/es hy³ nq| †hgb : Last year Mita and her friends learnt how
Jamila always goes to work by bus. She to tell hours. Here is a riddle that he told
generally goes there by rickshaw. She us yesterday. Long ago there lived a fairy
often gets tired after work. in this hut.
3. Present Indefinite Tense-Gi evK¨¸‡jv‡K 8. Can, could, may, might, shall, should,
Negative ev Interrogative Ki‡Z Tense I will, would BZ¨vw` Modal Auxiliary
 Verb ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡j G‡`i c‡ii g~j wKsev Does/ DoesnÕt Subject-Gi
Verb-Gi present form nq Ges †Kv‡bv Av‡M emv‡Z nq| †hgb :
s ev es hy³ nq bv| †hgb : She canÕt i. JamilaÕs family lives in Chittagong.
eat anything. It would take time for her to Þ Does Jamila’s family live in
get well. Could you help me open the Chittagong?
box? We will make a party next week. iii. She doesnÕt have to go at the same
He must take proper rest. It might rain time everyday.
today. Þ DoesnÕt she have to go at the same
9. ÔThereÕ †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ m~PKg~jK time everyday?
KZ©v n‡j ev‡K¨i Subject-Gi Number iv. She teaches class five students.
Abyhvqx Verb wba©vwiZ nq| Þ Does she teach class five students?
Number Plural n‡j there-Gi ci Present 2. Past Indefinite Tense-Gi evK¨¸‡jv‡K
Tense-G are Ges Past Tense-G were Avi Interro-gative Ki‡Z Did/ DidnÕt-†K
Number Singular n‡j Present Tense-G Subject-Gi cÖ_‡g emv‡Z nq Ges
ÔisÕ Ges Past Tense-G ÔwasÕ e¨eüZ Principal Verb Present Form-G e‡m|
nq| †hgb : There are many varieties of †hgb :
fish in these rivers. There were monkeys in i. She liked to have it with Lima.
the tree. There is another flyover at Þ Did she like to have it with Lima?
Khilgaon. There was no transport on the ii. The cap-seller did not miss the
road. chance.
10. As though, as if, wish _vK‡j to be-Gi Þ DidnÕt the cap-seller miss the
RvqMvq were e‡m| †hgb- chance?
a. I wish I (to be) a Governor. 3. ev‡K¨ Verb (am, is, are, was, were)-
Ans. I wish I were a Governor. ¸‡jv Principal Verb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
b. He talks as if he (to be) leader. n‡j Interrogative Ki‡Z †m¸‡jv Subject-
Ans. He talks as if he were leader. Gi cÖ_‡g e‡m| †hgb :
11. †Kv‡bv evK¨ Every, each, one of i. It was a hot summer day.
_vK‡j cÖ`Ë Verb- Gi Singular Form Þ Was it a hot summer day?
nq| †hgb- ii. His eyes are black.
a. Every mother (love) her child. Þ Are his eyes black?
Ans. Every mother loves her child. iii. He is a Bangladeshi.
b. Each of them (be) poor. Þ Is he a Bangladeshi?
Ans. Each of them is poor. 4. Assertive ev‡K¨ Modal e¨eüZ n‡j
c. One of the girls (be) absent yesterday. Interrogative Kivi mgq H Modal-¸‡jv
Ans. One of the girls was absent KZ©vi Av‡M e‡m Ges Principal
yesterday. Verb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| †hgb :
i. People can go through the flyover.
5. Changing sentences ( Tense, Affirmative, Þ Can people go through the flyover?
Negative, Assertive, Interrogaitve, Optative, ii. She must stay in bed for a few days.
Inperative & Exclamatory) Þ Must she stay in bed for a few
Assertive evK¨‡K Interrogative ev‡K¨ days?
iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbqg : iii. I should take her to hospital.
1. Present indefinite Tense-Gi evK¨¸‡jv Þ Should I take her to hospital?
Interrogative Kivi mgq Do/ DonÕt
5. ev‡K¨ Auxiliary Be Verb _vK‡j Þ Aladin was not trembling to see the
Interrogative Kivi mgq †mB Auxiliary genie.
Be Verb KZ©vi Av‡M e‡m Ges ii. A Chinese company has constructed
Principal Verb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| it.
†hgb : Þ A Chinese company has not
i. She is coughing all the time. constructed it.
Þ Is she coughing all the time? 5. †hme ev‡K¨ Modal Verb e¨eüZ nq,
ii. I was going to school the other day. Negative Ki‡Z G‡`i mv‡_ ÔnotÕ
Þ Was I going to school the other emv‡Z nq| †hgb :
day? i. We can see many birds.
Affirmative evK¨‡K Negative ev‡K¨ Þ We can not see many birds.
iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbqg : ii. Could you give me HabibÕs phone
1. Present Indefinite Tesne hy³ number?
evK¨¸‡jv‡K Negative Ki‡Z Do not/ Þ CouldnÕt you give me HabibÕs phone
Does not e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges number?
Principal Verb Base Form-G e‡m| iii. She must take the medicines
†hgb : regularly.
i. Everybody likes him. Þ She must not take the medicines
Þ Everybody does not like him. regularly.
ii. I feel lonely much more.
I donÕt feel lonely any mo 6. Punctuation and Capitalization
2. Past Indefinite Tense-Gi evK¨¸‡jv‡K K_v ejvi mgq A‡_©i my¯úóZvi Rb¨
Negative Ki‡Z Did not e¨envi Ki‡Z Avgiv gv‡S gv‡S _vwg ev weiwZ
nq Ges Principal Verb Base Form-G MÖnY Kwi| KLbI †ewk mgq, Avevi
e‡m| †hgb : KLbI Kg mgq _vwg| G weiwZ ev
i. We talked and spent a lot of time. _vgv‡K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ Sentence-Gi
Þ We did not talk and spend a lot of gv‡S ev †k‡l KZK¸‡jv wPý (Mark)
time. e¨envi Kiv nq| GB wPý¸‡jv‡K Marks
ii. He took me to a book store. of Punctuation ev weivg wPý e‡j| wb‡P
Þ He did not take me to a book store. cÖavb cÖavb weivg wPý¸‡jvi bvg
3. Be Verb-¸‡jv Principal Verb wn‡m‡e D‡j-L Kiv nj :
ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡j Zv‡`i mv‡_ not ev 1. Full stop (.) : Assertive, Imperative I
no ewm‡q Negative Kiv hvq| †hgb : Optative Sentence-Gi †k‡l †ewk mgq
i. It was big and beautiful. _vgvi wPý‡K Full Stop e‡j| †hgb-
Þ It was not big and beautiful. I shall do it. (Assertive)
ii. He had a plan. Do it at once. (Imperative)
Þ He had no plan. Or, He had not a May you be happy. (Optative)
plan. ms‡¶wcZ Uvg© ev Letter-¸‡jvi
4. †hme ev‡K¨ Principal Verb I mv‡_ Full stop (.) e‡m| †hgb : M.A;
Auxiliary Verb _v‡K, Hme evK¨‡K U.S.A; U.K.
Negative Ki‡Z Auxiliary Verb-Gi 2. Comma (,) : w`b I gv‡mi bv‡gi
mv‡_ ÔnotÕ emv‡Z nq| †hgb : gv‡S Kgv (,) e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb :
i. Aladin was trembling to see the genie. The annual sports of our school is on
Saturday, January 19.
 gvm I eQ‡ii bv‡gi g‡a¨ Kgv (,) Babul has already taken the voca-
e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb : Maina was bulary test.
born on June 15, 1998. After he repaired the clock, Karim had to
Introductory Words ev m~PbvevPK re-adjust the time.
kãmg~‡ni c‡i Kgv e¨envi Kiv nq| 9. Note of Interrogation (?) : †Kv‡bv
†hgb : Well, I think itÕs going to rain cÖkœ‡evaK Sentence-Gi †k‡l
today. Yes, I think youÕre right. By the Question Mark (?) ev cÖkœ‡evaK
way, whatÕs the weather forecast for wPý e‡m| †hgb- Are you well?
tomorrow? 10. Note of Exclamation (!) : †Kv‡bv
ev‡K¨ KvD‡K WvK‡j ev AvnŸvb Av‡eMm~PK SentenceÑGi †k‡l
Ki‡j Zvi c‡i ev Av‡M Kgv e‡m| wKsev †Kv‡bv Av‡eMm~PK Word-
†hgb : Ms Shams, I think you should Gi†k‡l Exclamation wPý(!)e‡m|
hang it. Be careful, Raju. †hgb-
3. Apostrophe (') : Possessive Case MV‡b I Oh! You are wounded. What a nice
†Kv‡bv Letter ev` w`‡Z n‡j bird it is!
Apostrophe (') e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgbÑ
Rahim's house is old. Don't (Do not) go
there.
4. Semi-colon (;) : Comma-Gi †P‡q
AwaK mgq _vg‡Z n‡j Semi-colon (;)
e¨eüZ nq| †hgbÑ To say is easy; to
do is hard.
5. Colon (:) : †mwg‡Kvj‡bi †P‡q
AwaK mgq _vg‡Z n‡j Colon e¨envi
Kiv nq| †hgbÑ Send me the following
articles : a book, a pen and a khata.
6. Dash (-) : e¨vL¨v †`qvi Rb¨
kãmg~n‡K c„_K Ki‡Z Dash e‡m|
†hgb- I bought many things- pen,
papers, books, etc.
7. Quotation Mark ("-") : †Kv‡bv eB‡qi
bvg ev †Kv‡bv Word-†K wb‡`©k
Ki‡j Quotation Mark ("-") emv‡Z nq|
†hgb- I read "Geetanjali". The Word
"Noun" means the name of anything.
8. Hyphen (-) : mvaviYZ Compound
Word-G `yB ev wZbwU Ask GK‡Î
†hvM Ki‡Z Hyphen (-) e¨eüZ nq|
†hgb : I love home-made cakes. He
never buys ready-made shirts. Kite-flying
is a kind of hobby.
jvB‡bi †k‡l GKUv kã‡K †f‡O c‡ii
jvB‡b wjL‡Z n‡j Hyphen e¨eüZ nq|
†hgb :
 high time we stopped
corruption.
03.
Independence fight nine months to
achieve it.
We is struggle for it.
The enemy had to surrender to us at last.
the birth right of a
nation.
04.
one of the basic human
needs.
Education
helps us to distinguish between
It
is right and wrong.
Illiteracy
still dominant in our country.
the backbone of a nation.
05.
great influence on
human being.
being polluted for
Environment various causes.
is
Man the most influential
gets
It element of it.
man who is mainly
responsible for its
degradation.
06.
Computer renders it in every sphere of
life.
Its use a great service to us.
introduction
It is a modern invention.
We has our life completely.
changed
07.
Long ago there teased nearby in the same
jungle.
A tortoise also was always very proud of
his fast speed.
The hare always lived the tortoise for his
slow pace.
The hare always a hare in a jungle.

08.
Answer to the Que. No. 8 I was on the sea by a
01. Robinson Crusoe wrecked ship.
called a riverine country. He is fond of
also a very important factor The ship am adventurous
Bangladesh for our existence and sailed stories.
is economy.
She on the way.
are
Rivers also called the queen of all my favourite book.
the countries of the world. 09.
nature's gifts to us. Ibn Sina was Abu Ali Sina.
02. His full name was born in 985 in Bukhara, in
Corruption is increasing with the Iran.
It have passage of time. His reputation spread all places in his early
The people to be aware of it. age.
a great problem in is called the prince of medical
science.
Bangladesh.
10. hospital is that way. It is just five
There doing a lot of mischief there.
They lived annoyed. minutes walk from here.
The master be a number of mice in the
house. 5. We can enjoy the beauty of the tea
an old house in a village
gardens there. From there, we can
Answer to the Que. No. 9 go to Madhabkundu to see many
1. His father is a banker who loves beautiful waterfalls. We can also
listening to music. They both take visit the Saint Martin’s Island the
care of Saikat affectionately. His only coral island in Bangladesh.
mother is a housewife who loves There are many places to see in
sewing in her free time. Saikat is a Bangladesh. We can go to
student of class five. He lives with Srimongal in Sylhet.
his parents.
6. We usually do not talk about
2. She has a cough, a sore throat and seconds. So there are some clocks
a lever. He has also given her a list and watches that do not have this
of things to do to get well soon. third hand. It shows the exact time
Raka is at home instead of going to to the second. Many clocks and
school. He has prescribed her some watches have a third hand. It is
medicines. The doctor says that usually thin and long and
she has got the flu. sometimes in red.

3. He tells them what to do if there is 7. Once a hare was walking beside a

a fire. He tells them that physical forest. Suddenly he saw a tortoise
fitness and courage are very moving very slowly. The tortoise
important to be firefighters. His felt angry and invited him to run a
main job is putting our fires. He race. The hare laughed even more
also trains young people to become and agreed to participate in the
firefighters. Raju is a full-time race. He laughed at it for its
firefighter now. slowness.

4. I think you should not miss it. Go 8. So on the way he decided to have a
straight down the Park Street till nap beside a tree. In the mean
you reach the round about. Go past time, the tortoise walked steadily
the round about and the hospital is and passed the sleeping here. He
right there on your left. The thought that the tortoise must be
far behind. The hare and the
 tortoise started the race from
under a tree. The hare was out of
sight in a few minutes.

9. She has done all her homework.

Now she wants to go our and play
with Helen. So she goes to her
mother for taking permission. Sufia
is at home on Fridays. It is a lovely
winter morning.

10. Their teacher Mr Alam has started

the lessons. So Rashid stands at
the dorr and asks permission to
join the class. Rashid had to go to
the medicine shop. He went there
to buy some medicines for his
father. So he is late for class by five
minutes.